📰 2026年3月 のニュース / March 2026 (全41件)
2026年3月(March 2026)に発表された基礎物理学の最新ニュースと研究解説。Recent physics news and research explanations published in March 2026.
📅 2026年3月 / March 2026
An international team led by Eduardo Iani (Institute of Science and Technology Austria) has used the James Webb Space Telescope to identify two compact dwarf galaxies, nicknamed Pelias and Neleus, at redshifts z ≈ 0.71 and 0.75, that appear to host deeply embedded, actively accreting black holes. Despite having stellar masses of only about 10⁷ solar masses — among the smallest galaxies ever found to harbor an active galactic nucleus — the galaxies show a strong mid-infrared excess in JWST/MIRI photometry that cannot be explained by stars or star-formation-heated dust alone, pointing to a hot-dust component around a dust-obscured black hole.
The black holes are "overmassive" relative to their tiny hosts, extending the puzzle JWST first raised in the early universe — that some black holes grew far faster than their galaxies — into intermediate cosmic times. The authors argue the observations are consistent with rapid, dust-enshrouded (possibly super-Eddington) growth, and note that follow-up with X-ray telescopes (Chandra, the future Athena), ALMA, the Roman Space Telescope, and ELT-class observatories will be needed to determine how common such systems are. The study, submitted to Astronomy & Astrophysics, is available on arXiv.
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | Universe Today
Related keywords: overmassive black hole, 過大質量ブラックホール, dwarf galaxy, 矮小銀河, supermassive black hole, 超大質量ブラックホール, active galactic nucleus, 活動銀河核, AGN, JWST, James Webb Space Telescope, ジェイムズ・ウェッブ宇宙望遠鏡, MIRI, NIRSpec, dust-obscured, 塵に隠された, super-Eddington accretion, 超エディントン降着, Pelias, Neleus, Eduardo Iani, ISTA, redshift, 赤方偏移, black hole growth, ブラックホール成長, galaxy evolution, 銀河進化
Researchers at the University of Central Florida's CREOL, led by Prof. Andrea Blanco-Redondo with doctoral student Javad Zakeri and Armando Perez-Leija, have demonstrated a scalable way to generate high-dimensional entanglement between topologically protected modes of light. Their platform uses carefully designed silicon photonic waveguide "topological superlattices" that support the nonlinear generation of energy-time-entangled photon pairs across a superposition of multiple topological modes, rather than just one. Because topological modes are protected by the global structure of the system, the entangled states inherit robustness against fabrication imperfections and disorder.
Entangling multiple topologically protected modes had been considered a fundamental limit; the team overcame it by displacing waveguides into a configuration that co-localizes many protected modes at once — likened to rearranging furniture in a room rather than building something more elaborate. The result is a larger capacity to encode quantum information resiliently, a promising route for scalable quantum computing and sensing. The work was published in Science.
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | UCF | EurekAlert!
Related keywords: topological photonics, トポロジカルフォトニクス, high-dimensional entanglement, 高次元エンタングルメント, topological protection, トポロジカル保護, silicon photonics, シリコンフォトニクス, superlattice, 超格子, energy-time entanglement, エネルギー時間エンタングルメント, photon pair, 光子対, waveguide, 導波路, quantum computing, 量子コンピュータ, quantum sensing, 量子センシング, Andrea Blanco-Redondo, Javad Zakeri, UCF, CREOL, Science
Vineesha Srivastava, Sven Jandura, Gavin Brennen and Guido Pupillo (University of Strasbourg / CNRS and Macquarie University) proposed a deterministic protocol that prepares entangled states in the symmetric "Dicke" subspace of up to about 100 spins coupled to a common optical cavity mode, enabling measurement precision well beyond the standard quantum limit. Crucially, the scheme is designed to stay optimally robust even when accounting for realistic noise — photon cavity loss, spontaneous emission and dephasing accumulated during state preparation and signal accumulation.
The protocol combines a new geometric phase gate for exact unitary control on the Dicke subspace, an analytic solution of the noisy quantum-channel dynamics, and optimal-control methods, relying on short, globally applied control sequences rather than individual atom addressing. The authors say driving the cavity strongly to build multi-qubit gates should be experimentally simpler than schemes that address atoms one by one, and can generate large-scale entanglement on tens-of-nanoseconds timescales with neutral atoms. The work was published in Physical Review Letters.
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org
Related keywords: quantum sensing, 量子センシング, quantum metrology, 量子計測, entanglement, エンタングルメント, Dicke states, ディッケ状態, cavity QED, キャビティ量子電磁力学, neutral atoms, 中性原子, standard quantum limit, 標準量子限界, Heisenberg limit, ハイゼンベルグ限界, geometric phase gate, 幾何学的位相ゲート, optimal control, 最適制御, decoherence, デコヒーレンス, Guido Pupillo, University of Strasbourg, Macquarie University, Physical Review Letters
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology, led by Prof. Floriana Lombardi, showed that the surface texture of a supporting substrate can raise the operating temperature of a thin-film superconductor while keeping it robust in strong magnetic fields. They grew ultrathin films (only a few nanometers thick) of the cuprate YBa₂Cu₃O₇₋δ (YBCO) on a magnesium-oxide (MgO) substrate patterned with a nanoscale "faceted" pattern of tiny ridges and grooves. This template controls how the atoms in the superconductor arrange themselves, and at the interface an electronic structure emerges that supports superconductivity at higher temperatures than previously possible for such films.
Rather than chemically doping the material — which is hard to tune after fabrication in cuprates — the team effectively engineered the superconductivity through geometry. Because superconductors carry current with zero resistive loss, and ICT infrastructure already consumes roughly 6–12% of global electricity, more robust high-temperature superconductors could enable far more energy-efficient electronics, power grids and quantum devices. The study was published in Nature Communications.
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | Chalmers University | EurekAlert!
Related keywords: high-temperature superconductor, 高温超伝導体, cuprate, 銅酸化物, YBCO, YBa2Cu3O7, thin film, 薄膜, nanofaceted substrate, ナノファセット基板, MgO, strain engineering, ひずみエンジニアリング, magnetic field, 磁場, energy-efficient electronics, 省エネ電子機器, Chalmers University, Floriana Lombardi, Nature Communications, condensed matter, 凝縮系物理学
In a programmatic paper in PNAS, a group of physicists, chemists and materials scientists laid out a strategy for systematically pursuing a practical room-temperature superconductor — a material that would carry electricity with zero resistance under everyday conditions. Rather than reporting a single new material, the paper synthesizes the current state of the field and argues that scattered, trial-and-error searches should be replaced by a coordinated program that tightly links theory, computational simulation and experiment.
The authors emphasize modern AI and high-throughput simulation methods as tools to predict promising candidate compounds and guide synthesis, and they call on the worldwide research community to join forces to systematically push the limits of superconductivity toward room temperature. The piece is a roadmap and appeal rather than a discovery, but it frames how the field's recent record-setting results might be turned into usable technology. It was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org
Related keywords: room-temperature superconductor, 室温超伝導体, superconductivity, 超伝導, research agenda, 研究戦略, roadmap, ロードマップ, materials discovery, 材料探索, AI, machine learning, 機械学習, high-throughput simulation, ハイスループットシミュレーション, theory and experiment, 理論と実験, PNAS, condensed matter physics, 凝縮系物理学
A Harvard-led team (first author Pieter-Jan Stas, in the group of Mikhail Lukin) demonstrated how distributed quantum entanglement could enable optical interferometry at the single-photon level across a quantum network — a proof-of-concept step toward telescope arrays with far higher resolution. Using entangled quantum memories built from silicon-vacancy centers in diamond nanocavities, the researchers performed a non-local differential phase measurement of weak incoming light between two spatially separated stations connected by a fiber link with a baseline of up to 1.55 km.
The protocol combines event-ready remote entanglement, "photon mode erasure" that hides the which-path information of separately arriving optical modes, and non-local, non-destructive photon heralding. In conventional long-baseline optical interferometry — the technique that, at radio wavelengths, produced the first image of a black hole (M87, 2019) — sensitivity at low light levels is limited by quantum noise and photon loss; distributing entanglement is a route to overcome those limits. Applications range from long-baseline astronomy to microscopy. The study was published in Nature.
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org
Related keywords: quantum interferometry, 量子干渉計, optical interferometry, 光干渉計, entanglement, エンタングルメント, quantum network, 量子ネットワーク, quantum memory, 量子メモリ, silicon-vacancy center, シリコン空孔中心, diamond nanocavity, ダイヤモンドナノキャビティ, single photon, 単一光子, long-baseline astronomy, 長基線天文学, telescope array, 望遠鏡アレイ, Pieter-Jan Stas, Mikhail Lukin, Harvard, Nature
Scientists from the University of Warsaw, the Military University of Technology (Poland), and Université Clermont Auvergne (CNRS, France) have created "optical tornadoes" — laser vortices carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) — inside an extremely small liquid crystal structure called a toron. A toron is a self-organizing topological defect in liquid crystals that acts as a natural optical trap by generating a synthetic magnetic field for photons. By placing this toron inside an optical microcavity (a mirror-based structure that confines light), the team achieved ground-state OAM lasing for the first time ever — meaning the vortex light appeared in the lowest-energy state, not in an excited state as in all previous systems.
The key advantage is simplicity: instead of building complex nanostructures, the team used self-organizing liquid crystal materials whose vortex properties can be tuned with an external electric voltage. This opens a pathway toward simpler, scalable photonic devices for optical communication, quantum technologies, and microscopic object manipulation. The research was published in Science Advances.
Source / 出典: Muszyński, M. et al., Science Advances 12, eaeb6167 (2026). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aeb6167
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | EurekAlert! | GeneOnline
Related keywords: optical tornado, 光の竜巻, optical vortex, 光渦, liquid crystal toron, 液晶トロン, orbital angular momentum, 軌道角運動量, synthetic magnetic field, 合成磁場, nanophotonics, ナノフォトニクス, microcavity, マイクロキャビティ, ground-state lasing, 基底状態レーザー, University of Warsaw, Clermont Auvergne, polariton, ポラリトン, quantum communication, 量子通信
A research team led by Prof. Ido Kaminer at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology has achieved the first direct measurement of "dark points" (optical phase singularities) within light waves, confirming a 50-year-old theoretical prediction that these features can move faster than the speed of light. Published in Nature, the study used a uniquely developed ultrafast electron microscopy system at the Technion's Electron Microscopy Center, achieving record spatial and temporal resolution (few-tens-of-nanometers and three-femtosecond timescales).
The "dark points" are zero-amplitude locations (vortices) in wave interference patterns — they carry no mass, energy, or information, meaning their superluminal motion does not violate Einstein's relativity. The experiments were conducted in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), where light converts into polaritons (hybrid light-sound waves) that move ~100 times slower than light in vacuum, creating an ideal environment for tracking vortex dynamics. The team tracked ~50 singularities per frame across a 21×21 µm field over 800 femtoseconds, including dramatic pair-annihilation events with apparent superluminal acceleration. The result represents a universal law applying to all wave types — from sound and fluid flows to superconductors — and provides a powerful new nanoscale diagnostic tool. This is an extensive international collaboration involving the Technion, Bar-Ilan University, MIT, Harvard, Stanford, SIOM, Milano-Bicocca, and ICFO.
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | EurekAlert! | The Debrief | StudyFinds
Related keywords: superluminal dark points, 超光速暗点, phase singularity, 位相特異点, optical vortex, 光渦, polariton, ポラリトン, hexagonal boron nitride, 六方晶窒化ホウ素, hBN, electron microscopy, 電子顕微鏡, relativity, 相対性理論, Technion, Ido Kaminer, Tomer Bucher, Bar-Ilan University, MIT, Harvard, Stanford, ICFO, femtosecond, フェムト秒, nanoscale, ナノスケール, wave interference, 波の干渉
Researchers at Drexel University have discovered that simple liquids — fluids that flow freely — can fracture like solid objects when stretched with enough force. Published in Physical Review Letters, the study shows that viscous liquids undergo brittle fracture at a critical stress of approximately 2 megapascals (MPa). This had never before been observed in a simple liquid and challenges long-held assumptions in fluid mechanics, where fracture was considered a property exclusive to solids and elastic materials.
The team first observed the phenomenon in tar-like hydrocarbon blends during extensional rheology tests, and confirmed it in styrene oligomer at the same viscosity. The fracture produced a loud snapping noise audible to researchers. By varying temperature to change viscosity, they found a consistent critical stress threshold, suggesting this behavior may be universal across all simple liquids. The mechanism may be related to cavitation — the formation and rapid collapse of vapor bubbles under tension. Applications range from 3D printing and fiber spinning to hydraulic systems and biomedical fluid dynamics.
Coverage / 報道: Drexel University | Phys.org | ScienceDaily | Interesting Engineering
Related keywords: liquid fracture, 液体の破断, brittle fracture, 脆性破断, simple liquid, 単純液体, viscosity, 粘性, extensional rheology, 伸長レオロジー, critical stress, 臨界応力, fluid mechanics, 流体力学, cavitation, キャビテーション, Drexel University, Nicolas Alvarez, Thamires Lima, Physical Review Letters, 3D printing, 油圧システム
A team of researchers has demonstrated that soliton "bullets" — self-confined, propagating wave patterns that hold their shape — can be steered along two distinct diagonal paths in liquid crystal films by introducing controlled strain through opposing molecular alignments at cell surfaces. Published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), the study reveals that flexoelectric coupling between the liquid crystal molecules and applied electric fields creates asymmetric forces that guide soliton trajectories, with the propagation angle dynamically tunable via electric field frequency.
This finding illustrates a broader principle in materials science: the internal geometry and stress fields of a material can shape how energy moves through it. In this case, carefully designed strain fields turn a simple liquid-crystal film into a microscopic racetrack for solitons. Such control could eventually help researchers design active or autonomous materials that transport energy, particles, or signals without mechanical components, with potential applications in targeted micro-cargo delivery and information transport.
Source / 出典: de la Cotte, A. et al., PNAS (2026). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2518064123
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org
Related keywords: soliton, ソリトン, soliton bullet, ソリトン弾丸, director bullet, ディレクターバレット, liquid crystal, 液晶, nematic, ネマチック, flexoelectric coupling, フレクソ電気結合, strain field, 歪み場, nonlinear physics, 非線形物理学, PNAS, active materials, 能動材料, micro-cargo, マイクロカーゴ
NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has captured a spectacular new image of the Crab Nebula — 25 years after its first comprehensive observation. The result, published in The Astrophysical Journal, provides an unparalleled view of how this iconic supernova remnant (linked to the 1054 CE supernova recorded by Chinese astronomers) has expanded and evolved. Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3), installed in 2009, reveals extraordinary filamentary detail and measurable outward movement of the nebula's filaments at approximately 5.5 million km/h (3.4 million mph).
The filaments around the periphery have moved more than those near the center, and rather than stretching, they appear to have simply moved outward. This is because the Crab is a pulsar wind nebula: its expansion is driven not by shockwaves from the initial explosion, but by synchrotron radiation produced by the interaction between the central pulsar's magnetic field and the nebula's material. The new higher-resolution observations also provide additional insights into the 3D structure of the nebula and reveal two previously unidentified features nearly diametrically opposite the pulsar. Combined with James Webb Space Telescope infrared data from 2024, these observations will help build a more complete picture of the supernova's continuing aftermath.
Source / 出典: Blair, W.P. et al., The Astrophysical Journal (2026) — NASA/Hubble
Coverage / 報道: ESA/Hubble | Phys.org | Live Science | Universe Today
Related keywords: Crab Nebula, かに星雲, M1, Messier 1, Hubble Space Telescope, ハッブル宇宙望遠鏡, Crab Pulsar, カニパルサー, PSR B0531+21, synchrotron radiation, シンクロトロン放射, pulsar wind nebula, パルサー風星雲, supernova remnant, 超新星残骸, filament expansion, フィラメント膨張, WFC3, William Blair, Johns Hopkins University, James Webb Space Telescope, 1054 CE supernova, 1054年超新星
A team led by Andrea Carminati, Professor of Soil Physics at ETH Zurich, and Tim Brodribb, Professor of Plant Physiology at the University of Tasmania, has discovered that a plant's water uptake limit is determined not by the plant itself, but by the physics of the soil. Published in Science, the study demonstrates that when soil water potential drops below -1.5 megapascals, capillary and viscous forces in soil pores increase to the point where plants cannot extract water fast enough to meet their needs — regardless of the plant's internal adaptations.
This finding provides a fundamental explanation for why decades of efforts to breed drought-resistant crops have had limited success: plant breeders have been optimizing plant physiology, but the real bottleneck lies in soil physics. The capillary physics that govern water movement through soil pores not only predict when soil becomes too dry but also what occurs high up in leaves. This convergence of soil physics and plant physiology offers a new framework for understanding how land plants function under drought conditions and could redirect agricultural strategies toward soil engineering and water management rather than solely modifying plant traits.
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | myScience
Related keywords: soil physics, 土壌物理学, plant water uptake, 植物吸水, capillary force, 毛管力, negative water potential, 負の水ポテンシャル, drought tolerance, 乾燥耐性, wilting point, 永久萎凋点, ETH Zurich, Andrea Carminati, Tim Brodribb, University of Tasmania, Science, soil pore, 土壌孔隙, viscous force, 粘性力, drought-resistant crops, 乾燥耐性作物, soil engineering, 土壌工学
Scientists at the University of Massachusetts Amherst and UC Santa Barbara have demonstrated chip-scale laser and ion-trap components that could drastically shrink quantum computing hardware from room-sized systems to something the size of a deck of cards. The team replaced large, vibration-isolated precision lasers with small photonic chips based on ultra-low-loss silicon nitride, and showed for the first time that these integrated photonic lasers can control trapped ion qubits and drive optical clock operations at room temperature.
The achievement is comparable to the integrated circuit revolution of the 1970s–90s that shrank classical computers from room-sized machines to smartphones. The system already achieves high-fidelity qubit state preparation and measurement. The next goal is full monolithic integration — combining the ion trap chip, laser chip, optical cavity chip, and all photonics onto a single unified quantum system-on-a-chip, potentially enabling millions of qubits on one chip. The results were published in Nature Communications.
Source / 出典: Niffenegger, R. et al., Nature Communications (2026)
Coverage / 報道: The Quantum Insider | HPCwire | Mirage News
Related keywords: quantum computer miniaturization, 量子コンピュータ小型化, chip-scale quantum, チップスケール量子, integrated photonics, フォトニック集積, trapped ion qubit, イオントラップ量子ビット, system-on-chip, Robert Niffenegger, Daniel Blumenthal, UMass Amherst, UCSB, silicon nitride photonics, optical clock, 光時計, scalable quantum computing, スケーラブル量子コンピューティング
Quantum physicists at the Australian National University (ANU) have, for the first time, observed pairs of helium atoms entangled in motion — simultaneously existing in two places at once. Previous demonstrations of this phenomenon used photons (particles of light), but unlike photons, helium atoms have mass and are affected by gravity, making this a major experimental advancement.
The team cooled helium atoms to near absolute zero, collided two groups head-on, and observed that each atom traveled both paths simultaneously until the moment of measurement. The results violated Bell's inequality, ruling out any classical explanation. This opens new pathways for investigating the intersection of quantum mechanics and general relativity — one of the deepest unanswered questions in physics. The research was published in Nature Communications.
Source / 出典: Sridhar, Y. et al., Nature Communications (2026)
Coverage / 報道: ANU College of Science | Phys.org | TechEBlog
Related keywords: quantum superposition, 量子重ね合わせ, atom entanglement, 原子もつれ, helium atom, ヘリウム原子, Bell inequality violation, ベルの不等式の破れ, two places at once, 同時に2か所に存在, ANU, Australian National University, Sean Hodgman, Yogesh Sridhar, matter wave, 物質波, quantum gravity test, 量子重力検証
Researchers at the Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), University of Gdansk, and the Polish Academy of Sciences have introduced a universal self-testing scheme that can verify any quantum state or measurement — including mixed states and non-projective measurements — in a fully device-independent manner. The protocol places a device within a simple star-shaped quantum network and analyzes correlations between measurement outputs to determine whether the quantum properties match theoretical predictions, without trusting the device's internal workings.
This breakthrough directly addresses a critical challenge for quantum computing: how to verify that a remotely accessible quantum computer truly produces genuine quantum results. The scheme makes it possible to certify any quantum protocol as device-independent, dramatically improving security and reliability. The paper was published in Nature Physics.
Source / 出典: Sarkar, S., Orthey Jr, A.C. & Augusiak, R., Nature Physics (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03181-y
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org
Related keywords: quantum self-testing, 量子セルフテスト, device-independent verification, デバイス非依存検証, quantum state certification, 量子状態認証, star network, Bell nonlocality, ベル非局所性, POVM, quantum network, 量子ネットワーク, Shubhayan Sarkar, Nature Physics
Researchers at the University of Waterloo and the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics have developed a new framework for understanding the Big Bang using Quadratic Quantum Gravity — a theory that remains mathematically consistent even at the extremely high energies present at the universe's birth. Unlike most existing models that rely on Einstein's gravity plus additional components added by hand, this approach derives cosmic inflation naturally from the quantum gravitational theory itself, without extra ingredients.
The model predicts a minimum amount of primordial gravitational waves (a tensor-to-scalar ratio of at least 0.01), which may be detectable in upcoming CMB experiments. The theory is asymptotically free in the UV — analogous to quantum chromodynamics (QCD) — and general relativity emerges in the infrared as the theory becomes strongly coupled. Published in Physical Review Letters, this work offers a rare direct link between quantum gravity and experimentally testable predictions.
Source / 出典: Liu, R. et al., "Ultraviolet Completion of the Big Bang in Quadratic Gravity," Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 111501 (2026)
Coverage / 報道: University of Waterloo | Phys.org | The Debrief
Related keywords: quadratic gravity, 二次重力, Big Bang, ビッグバン, inflation, インフレーション, quantum gravity, 量子重力, Niayesh Afshordi, Perimeter Institute, ペリメーター研究所, Waterloo, primordial gravitational waves, 原始重力波, asymptotic freedom, 漸近的自由, CMB, Starobinsky inflation, renormalization group, 繰り込み群, UV completion, 紫外完備化
Physicists led by John Goold at Trinity College Dublin have developed a unified theoretical framework that explains both classical and quantum versions of the Mpemba effect — the counterintuitive phenomenon where systems further from equilibrium relax faster than those closer to it. First noticed in 1963 when Tanzanian student Erasto Mpemba observed hot ice cream freezing faster than cold, analogous effects have since been found in polymers, magnetic materials, and even trapped ions in quantum experiments.
Using resource theory from quantum information, the team showed that in each case, rapid relaxation occurs when a system's initial state has minimal overlap with the slowest relaxation mode, allowing it to bypass bottlenecks. This single principle — applicable to thermal energy, asymmetry, and quantum coherence — unifies previously disconnected phenomena and may guide engineering of ultrafast cooling techniques. Published in Physical Review X.
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | Science / AAAS
Related keywords: Mpemba effect, ムペンバ効果, quantum Mpemba, 量子ムペンバ効果, resource theory, リソース理論, anomalous relaxation, 異常緩和, non-equilibrium physics, 非平衡物理学, John Goold, Trinity College Dublin, ultrafast cooling, 超高速冷却, Liouvillian dynamics, symmetry restoration, 対称性回復, thermalization, 熱化
Researchers at the University of Manchester have developed a physics-based AI approach that, for the first time, enables accurate global-scale predictions of how dissolved organic carbon moves between seawater and marine sediments — a previously unquantifiable component of Earth's carbon cycle. The team trained AI emulators to reproduce the behavior of complex mechanistic models that are normally too computationally demanding to run at planetary scale.
Key findings: 11% of particulate organic carbon arriving at the seafloor is returned to seawater as dissolved organic carbon; 24% is adsorbed onto minerals; and approximately half of all solid-phase organic carbon in the upper metre of sediments originates from dissolved carbon sorbed onto minerals. Unexpectedly, the simplest AI algorithms outperformed deep learning architectures, providing rare empirical support for Occam's Razor in AI model development. This framework can be integrated into global circulation models to improve climate predictions.
Source / 出典: University of Manchester: "AI Reveals Global Ocean Sediment Carbon Cycling" (2026)
Coverage / 報道: myScience
Related keywords: seafloor carbon cycle, 海底炭素循環, physics-based AI, 物理ベースAI, dissolved organic carbon, 溶存有機炭素, marine sediment, 海洋堆積物, global carbon budget, 全球炭素収支, climate model, 気候モデル, Peyman Babakhani, Manchester, AI emulator, Occam's Razor, 機械学習, 地球科学
Researchers at the University of Houston's Texas Center for Superconductivity (TcSUH) have achieved a superconducting transition temperature (Tc) of 151 K (about −122 °C) under ambient pressure — the highest ever recorded at ambient pressure since the discovery of superconductivity in 1911. This breaks the previous record of 133 K held by the mercury-based cuprate Hg1223 since 1993, an increase of 18 K.
The breakthrough was achieved through pressure quenching: the material (Hg1223) is first subjected to intense pressure to enhance its superconducting properties, cooled to a specific temperature, then rapidly released from pressure — effectively "locking in" the enhanced state under normal conditions. The effect persisted for two weeks and was reproduced in five samples. While room-temperature superconductivity remains approximately 140 °C away, this result demonstrates a new methodology that could be applied to other candidate materials. Published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Coverage / 報道: APS Physics | University of Houston | Phys.org | Tom's Hardware
Related keywords: superconductivity, 超伝導, high-temperature superconductor, 高温超伝導体, ambient pressure, 常圧, transition temperature, 転移温度, Hg1223, cuprate, 銅酸化物, pressure quenching, 圧力急冷, room-temperature superconductor, 室温超伝導体, Ching-Wu Chu, Liangzi Deng, University of Houston, TcSUH, YBCO, 超伝導記録, zero resistance, ゼロ抵抗, energy transmission, エネルギー伝送, BCS theory, Cooper pair, クーパー対
Astronomers have for the first time directly observed the birth of a magnetar — a highly magnetized, rapidly spinning neutron star — confirming it as the engine powering some of the universe's most luminous stellar explosions. The discovery was made through analysis of the superluminous supernova SN 2024afav, detected in December 2024 approximately one billion light-years from Earth. This event was at least 10 times brighter than typical supernovae and was monitored for over 200 days using 27 telescopes worldwide via the Las Cumbres Observatory (LCO) network.
The key evidence came from a distinctive "chirp" pattern in the supernova's light curve — four periodic oscillations with progressively shorter intervals. Lead researcher Joseph Farah (UC Santa Barbara / LCO) demonstrated that this pattern is explained by Lense-Thirring precession, a general relativistic effect where the spinning magnetar drags spacetime, causing a tilted accretion disk of fallback debris to wobble. As the disk spirals inward, the precession accelerates, producing the observed chirp. This marks the first time general relativity has been needed to describe the mechanics of a supernova.
The findings, published in Nature on March 11, 2026, confirm a theory proposed in 2010 by UC Berkeley astrophysicist Dan Kasen, who suggested magnetars could power superluminous supernovae. The estimated spin period of the newborn magnetar is 4.2 milliseconds, with a magnetic field approximately 300 trillion times that of Earth. This discovery opens a new window for testing general relativity in extreme environments and is directly relevant to the physics of neutron stars, quantum gravity, and fundamental physics.
Source / 出典: Farah, J. et al., "Lense–Thirring precessing magnetar engine drives a superluminous supernova," Nature (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10151-0(2026年3月11日)
Coverage / 報道: UC Berkeley News | Scientific American | Popular Science | Space.com
Related keywords: Magnetar, マグネター, magnetar birth, マグネター誕生, neutron star, 中性子星, superluminous supernova, 超高輝度超新星, SN 2024afav, Lense-Thirring precession, レンス・ティリング歳差運動, general relativity, 一般相対性理論, accretion disk, 降着円盤, chirp signal, Las Cumbres Observatory, Joseph Farah, Dan Kasen, Alex Filippenko, magnetic field, 磁場, spacetime dragging, 時空の引きずり, core collapse, コア崩壊, pulsar, パルサー, fast radio burst, 高速電波バースト, Vera Rubin Observatory, SLSNe, Type I superluminous supernovae
Researchers at the University of Rochester and the Rochester Institute of Technology have built a "squeezed" phonon laser — a laser made of phonons (the quantized units of vibration or sound) rather than photons. By optically levitating a roughly 100-nanometer silica nanoparticle in vacuum and applying carefully timed parametric driving to its transverse oscillation modes, the team sharply reduced the intrinsic thermal noise that normally limits such systems. The work was published in Nature Communications on 30 March 2026.
Because the fluctuations are suppressed, the device can measure acceleration — and therefore gravity and other weak forces — more precisely than photon-based lasers or radio-frequency sources. The group, led by Nick Vamivakas, first demonstrated a phonon laser in 2019; the new advance is the "squeezing" that tames the noise. Potential applications include ultra-sensitive force sensing and "unjammable," satellite-free quantum navigation, sometimes described as a quantum compass.
Source / 出典: Zhang, K., Xiao, K., Bhattacharya, M. & Vamivakas, A. N., "A two-mode thermomechanically squeezed phonon laser," Nature Communications 17 (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-70564-3(2026年3月30日)
Coverage / 報道: University of Rochester | Phys.org | EurekAlert!
Related keywords: phonon laser, フォノンレーザー, squeezed phonon laser, スクイーズドフォノンレーザー, optical levitation, 光浮揚, nanoparticle, ナノ粒子, gravimetry, 重力測定, quantum sensing, 量子センシング, quantum compass, 量子コンパス, thermal noise, 熱雑音, optomechanics, オプトメカニクス, University of Rochester, Nick Vamivakas, Nature Communications, navigation, ナビゲーション, GPS-free
At the 2026 Rencontres de Moriond conference, the CMS collaboration at CERN's Large Hadron Collider reported a new, statistically independent measurement consistent with "toponium" — a fleeting quasi-bound state of a top quark and its antiquark. An excess of events near the top–antitop production threshold reached a statistical significance above five standard deviations, the conventional threshold for a discovery in high-energy physics. If genuine, toponium is the most massive composite particle ever observed, heavier even than the heaviest known atomic nucleus.
The top quark was long believed to decay far too quickly to form bound states, but in 2024 CMS first reported a threshold excess in dilepton events, and ATLAS subsequently corroborated the effect. This new CMS result uses a different decay channel — one top quark decaying to a lepton, a neutrino and a bottom quark, the other to jets — providing an independent confirmation and deepening understanding of how the strong nuclear force can momentarily bind even the heaviest quarks.
Source / 出典: CERN, "CMS strengthens the case for toponium" (Rencontres de Moriond 2026)(2026年3月25日)
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | CERN Courier
Related keywords: toponium, トポニウム, top quark, トップクォーク, antitop quark, 反トップクォーク, bound state, 束縛状態, quarkonium, クォーコニウム, strong force, 強い相互作用, QCD, 量子色力学, CMS, LHC, CERN, Moriond, 5 sigma, 5σ, threshold enhancement, しきい値増強, Otto Hindrichs, composite particle, 複合粒子
On 24 March 2026, CERN's BASE collaboration achieved the first controlled, reversible transport of antimatter. A cloud of 92 antiprotons was held in a portable cryogenic Penning trap called BASE-STEP (about one tonne), disconnected from the Antimatter Factory, loaded onto a truck, and driven on a test loop around CERN's Meyrin site — after which the experiment resumed operation. Antimatter is notoriously hard to preserve because it annihilates instantly on contact with ordinary matter.
BASE's ultra-precise measurements of antiproton properties, which probe the matter–antimatter symmetry known as CPT symmetry, are limited by magnetic-field noise near the Antimatter Factory. Being able to move trapped antiprotons to quieter, dedicated laboratories — such as a planned facility at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf — could improve precision by orders of magnitude. The team validated the concept with ordinary protons in 2025; this is the first time it has worked with antimatter, marking what the collaboration calls the start of a new era.
Source / 出典: CERN press release, "BASE experiment at CERN succeeds in transporting antimatter"(2026年3月24日)
Coverage / 報道: CERN Courier | Physics World | ScienceAlert
Related keywords: antimatter, 反物質, antiproton, 反陽子, BASE, BASE-STEP, Penning trap, ペニングトラップ, CPT symmetry, CPT対称性, matter-antimatter asymmetry, 物質反物質非対称性, CERN, Antimatter Factory, 反物質ファクトリー, Christian Smorra, Stefan Ulmer, portable trap, 可搬トラップ, cryogenic, 極低温, superconducting magnet, 超伝導磁石
In a paper published in Nature Communications on 20 March 2026, CERN's ALICE collaboration reported a common flow pattern across proton–proton, proton–lead and lead–lead collisions at the LHC. The key signature is anisotropic flow — particles being emitted preferentially in certain directions rather than uniformly — which in heavy-ion collisions is interpreted as evidence for the quark–gluon plasma (QGP), the hot, dense state of deconfined quarks and gluons that filled the universe in the first microseconds after the Big Bang.
Crucially, baryons (made of three quarks) showed stronger flow than mesons (two quarks) at intermediate momenta — the same coalescence behaviour seen in large heavy-ion systems, in which quark-level flow is followed by quarks combining into hadrons. Models including both quark flow and coalescence reproduced the data, while those omitting either failed. The result strengthens the case that QGP-like collective behaviour can emerge even in small collision systems, suggesting the size of the colliding system may not be the limiting factor for forming QGP.
Source / 出典: ALICE Collaboration, "Observation of partonic flow in proton–proton and proton–nucleus collisions," Nature Communications (2026); CERN news(2026年3月20日)
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org
Related keywords: quark-gluon plasma, クォーク・グルーオンプラズマ, QGP, ALICE, LHC, CERN, anisotropic flow, 異方性フロー, small collision systems, 小衝突系, proton-proton, 陽子陽子衝突, proton-lead, 陽子鉛衝突, baryon, バリオン, meson, メソン, quark coalescence, クォーク再結合, Big Bang, ビッグバン, heavy-ion physics, 重イオン物理学, collectivity, 集団性
At the 2026 Moriond conference, CERN's ATLAS collaboration presented new searches for supersymmetric (SUSY) particles using the full Run 2 dataset (2015–2018) and machine-learning techniques. Supersymmetry posits a "superpartner" for every Standard Model particle and could help explain the surprisingly small mass of the Higgs boson and the nature of dark matter — the lightest neutralino is a leading dark-matter candidate.
One search hunted for a "disappearing track" left by a chargino that decays into an invisible neutralino plus a hard-to-detect low-energy pion; another looked for heavier neutralinos decaying into the lightest stable neutralino and two low-momentum leptons. Neural networks were used to push sensitivity deep into difficult low-momentum regions. No SUSY particles were observed, but the searches set some of the most stringent limits to date on the masses and lifetimes of charginos and neutralinos, superseding longstanding previous bounds.
Source / 出典: CERN, "ATLAS sets strong limits on supersymmetry" (Rencontres de Moriond 2026)(2026年3月)
Coverage / 報道: ATLAS Collaboration
Related keywords: supersymmetry, 超対称性, SUSY, chargino, チャージーノ, neutralino, ニュートラリーノ, higgsino, ヒッグシーノ, dark matter, 暗黒物質, disappearing track, 消失飛跡, machine learning, 機械学習, neural network, ニューラルネットワーク, ATLAS, LHC, CERN, Moriond, Standard Model, 標準模型, Higgs boson, ヒッグス粒子
The LHCb collaboration at CERN announced the first observation of the doubly charmed baryon Ξcc⁺ — a particle composed of two charm quarks and one down quark (ccd). It was seen decaying to the Λc⁺K⁻π⁺ final state with a statistical significance exceeding seven standard deviations, using proton–proton collision data collected in 2024 during LHC Run 3. Its mass is measured at about 3620 MeV/c², roughly four times the mass of a proton, which is why it is sometimes described as a heavy "proton-like" particle.
Ξcc⁺ is the isospin partner of Ξcc⁺⁺ (ccu), discovered by LHCb in 2017; an older SELEX claim for Ξcc⁺ at a different mass had never been confirmed. Observing both members of the doublet turns doubly charmed baryons into a precision laboratory for the strong interaction, allowing their masses and lifetimes to be compared against lattice-QCD and heavy-quark-expansion predictions. It is also the first new particle identified with the upgraded Run 3 LHCb detector.
Source / 出典: LHCb Collaboration, "Observation of the doubly charmed baryon Ξcc⁺ with the LHCb Run 3 detector," CERN-EP-2026-085 / LHCb-PAPER-2026-009, arXiv:2603.28456 (2026)(2026年3月17日)
Coverage / 報道: LHCb Outreach | CERN EP News
Related keywords: doubly charmed baryon, 二重チャームバリオン, Xi_cc+, Ξcc⁺, charm quark, チャームクォーク, down quark, ダウンクォーク, LHCb, LHC Run 3, CERN, isospin doublet, アイソスピン二重項, QCD, lattice QCD, 格子QCD, heavy-quark expansion, 重クォーク展開, strong interaction, 強い相互作用, hadron spectroscopy, ハドロン分光学, Lambda_c
The SLAC-led SuperCDMS SNOLAB experiment announced that its detectors have been cooled to their base operating temperature — just tens of millikelvins, thousandths of a degree above absolute zero, and roughly 100 times colder than deep space — the condition required for its superconducting sensors to function. The experiment sits about 2 km underground in an active nickel mine near Sudbury, Canada, where the rock shields it from cosmic rays that could mimic dark-matter signals.
Using silicon and germanium crystals, SuperCDMS is designed to detect "light" (low-mass) dark matter particles, whose extremely weak interactions have so far evaded direct detection. With base temperature reached, the international collaboration of 24 institutions is now commissioning and calibrating its detectors, ahead of beginning its first science run later in 2026.
Source / 出典: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, "SuperCDMS SNOLAB cools down to near absolute zero…"(2026年3月17日)
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | Northwestern University
Related keywords: dark matter, 暗黒物質, light dark matter, 軽い暗黒物質, SuperCDMS, SNOLAB, cryogenic detector, 極低温検出器, millikelvin, ミリケルビン, superconducting sensor, 超伝導センサー, germanium, ゲルマニウム, silicon, シリコン, SLAC, direct detection, 直接検出, WIMP, underground laboratory, 地下実験室, dilution refrigerator, 希釈冷凍機
Physicists at New York University demonstrated a classical time crystal built from millimetre-scale polystyrene (styrofoam) beads levitated in an acoustic standing wave — a tabletop "acoustic levitator" operating at 40 kHz. The trapped beads interact by scattering sound waves at one another; because beads of slightly different sizes scatter differently, these wave-mediated interactions are non-reciprocal — they break Newton's third law, which states that forces come in equal and opposite pairs.
This non-reciprocity lets even a minimal two-bead system harvest energy from the standing wave and settle into spontaneous, sustained oscillations without any periodic driving — a hallmark of a time crystal, which spontaneously breaks time-translation symmetry. The work was published in Physical Review Letters (6 February 2026) and highlighted in NYU's announcement on 16 March 2026, providing an unusually simple, hold-in-your-hand, macroscopic platform for studying non-reciprocal interactions.
Source / 出典: Morrell, M. C., Elliott, L. & Grier, D. G., "Nonreciprocal Wave-Mediated Interactions Power a Classical Time Crystal," Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 057201 (2026). DOI: 10.1103/zjzk-t81n(論文2026年2月6日/NYU発表2026年3月16日)
Coverage / 報道: NYU | Sci.News | ScienceAlert
Related keywords: time crystal, 時間結晶, classical time crystal, 古典時間結晶, acoustic levitation, 音響浮揚, non-reciprocal interaction, 非相反相互作用, Newton's third law, ニュートンの第三法則, standing wave, 定在波, spatiotemporal symmetry breaking, 時空対称性の破れ, NYU, David Grier, Mia Morrell, soft matter, ソフトマター, non-equilibrium physics, 非平衡物理学, emergent activity, 創発的能動性
An international team from IBM Research, the University of Oxford, the University of Manchester, ETH Zurich, EPFL and the University of Regensburg created and characterized C13Cl2 — a 13-carbon ring bearing two chlorine atoms — the first molecule to exhibit a "half-Möbius" electronic topology. In this topology the π-orbital basis twists by 90° on each loop around the ring and only becomes periodic after four full circuits, distinct from both ordinary (untwisted) and conventional Möbius (180°-twisted) systems. Published in Science on 5 March 2026, the molecule was assembled atom by atom with a scanning probe microscope on a thin salt layer near absolute zero.
Because the molecule has strong electron correlations and pronounced multireference character, the standard workhorse of computational chemistry — density functional theory (DFT) — proved unreliable for it. The team therefore ran the electronic-structure calculation on an IBM Heron quantum processor, one of the most concrete real-world chemistry applications of quantum hardware to date, confirming the exotic topology. Voltage pulses from the microscope tip can switch the molecule between left- and right-handed half-Möbius states and a topologically trivial planar form.
Source / 出典: Rončević, I. et al., "[Half-Möbius electronic topology in C13Cl2]," Science (2026); IBM Research announcement(2026年3月5日)
Coverage / 報道: Chemistry World | IBM Newsroom
Related keywords: half-Möbius, ハーフメビウス, Möbius aromaticity, メビウス芳香族性, C13Cl2, molecular topology, 分子トポロジー, electronic structure, 電子構造, quantum computer, 量子コンピュータ, IBM Heron, scanning probe microscopy, 走査型プローブ顕微鏡, DFT, 密度汎関数理論, multireference, 多参照, Berry phase, ベリー位相, quantum chemistry, 量子化学, pseudo-Jahn-Teller, 擬ヤーン・テラー効果
A team led by physicists at The University of Texas at Austin (Edoardo Baldini) experimentally realized, for the first time, the full sequence of phases of the two-dimensional six-state clock model — a paradigmatic theory of 2D magnetism proposed in the 1970s — in an atomically thin sheet of nickel phosphorus trisulfide (NiPS3). Reported in Nature Materials in early March 2026, the work shows long-range magnetic order surviving in a genuinely two-dimensional magnet despite the thermal fluctuations that usually destroy it.
Cooling the single-atom-thick sheet drove it into a Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless (BKT) phase, in which the atoms' magnetic orientations form swirling vortex patterns; further cooling locked the magnetic moments into one of six clock-like directions (the six-state clock ordered phase). Both transitions had been observed separately before, but never together as a complete sequence in a single system. The result establishes atomically thin magnets as a platform for studying topological phase transitions, with potential relevance to future ultracompact nanoscale technologies.
Source / 出典: Gao, F. Y. et al., "Six-state clock physics in an atomically thin antiferromagnet," Nature Materials (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41563-026-02516-7(2026年3月)
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | Physics World | UT Austin
Related keywords: 2D magnetism, 二次元磁性, BKT transition, BKT転移, Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless, six-state clock model, 六状態クロックモデル, magnetic vortex, 磁気渦, NiPS3, atomically thin, 原子層, topological phase transition, トポロジカル相転移, van der Waals magnet, ファンデルワールス磁性体, UT Austin, Edoardo Baldini, Nature Materials, nanoscale, ナノスケール, spin texture, スピンテクスチャー
Researchers from the University of Birmingham, the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics report the first robust evidence that a neutron star and a black hole spiralled together on a noticeably oval (eccentric) orbit rather than the near-perfect circle expected just before merger. Re-analyzing the gravitational-wave event GW200105 — the first confidently confirmed neutron star–black hole (NSBH) merger — the team used a new post-Newtonian waveform model (pyEFPE) that, for the first time, measures orbital eccentricity and spin precession jointly in such a binary.
Standard theory predicts that NSBH pairs lose any eccentricity and circularize long before they merge, so a residual oval orbit is something never seen before in this kind of collision. The result implies that the system did not form quietly as an isolated pair, but more likely in a dense, dynamically active environment where many stars interact gravitationally. It suggests that current formation models are incomplete and that more sophisticated waveform models — capturing eccentricity together with spin effects — are needed to read the growing catalogue of gravitational-wave detections correctly. The study was published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters.
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org
Related keywords: GW200105, orbital eccentricity, 軌道離心率, eccentric orbit, 楕円軌道, neutron star–black hole merger, 中性子星ブラックホール合体, NSBH, gravitational waves, 重力波, spin precession, スピン歳差, waveform model, 波形モデル, pyEFPE, LIGO, Virgo, dynamical formation, 力学的形成, University of Birmingham, Max Planck Institute, Patricia Schmidt, Gonzalo Morras, Astrophysical Journal Letters
In 2023 the KM3NeT collaboration detected KM3-230213A, a neutrino with an estimated energy of about 220 PeV (>100 PeV) — by far the most energetic neutrino ever observed, more than an order of magnitude above anything in IceCube's catalogue (originally reported in Nature, 2025). The puzzle is that IceCube, with its longer data-taking period and larger effective area, should arguably have seen comparable events but did not, a tension quantified at roughly 2σ–3.5σ depending on the assumed source.
In a new study, Vedran Brdar and Dibya S. Chattopadhyay (Oklahoma State University) examine which beyond-the-Standard-Model (BSM) scenarios could resolve this KM3NeT–IceCube tension. Because the KM3NeT event traversed roughly 147 km of rock and sea before detection, whereas a same-direction neutrino at IceCube would pass through only about 14 km of ice, mechanisms that alter how neutrinos propagate or interact over different path lengths — rather than the astrophysical source alone — become attractive explanations. The work, published in Physical Review Letters, lays out concrete BSM possibilities and how future observations could test them, while standard astrophysical explanations remain on the table.
Source / 出典: Brdar, V. & Chattopadhyay, D. S., "Does the 220 PeV Event at KM3NeT Point to New Physics?," Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 081001 (2026). DOI: 10.1103/xcnt-trs2(PRL掲載は2026年2月23日/報道は3月)
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | Nature (original KM3NeT detection)
Related keywords: KM3NeT, KM3-230213A, ultra-high-energy neutrino, 超高エネルギーニュートリノ, 220 PeV, IceCube, beyond Standard Model, 標準模型を超える物理, BSM, new physics, 新物理, neutrino telescope, ニュートリノ望遠鏡, astroparticle physics, 宇宙素粒子物理学, ARCA, Mediterranean, Vedran Brdar, Dibya Chattopadhyay, Physical Review Letters
A team at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (Grainger College of Engineering) showed, through simulations, that the spin waves — collective excitations called magnons — in a suitably engineered two-dimensional magnetic film can reproduce a graphene-like band structure. They studied a thin film that is uniformly magnetized out of plane and patterned with a hexagonal array of holes. The resulting magnonic band structure imitates that of graphene, but additionally carries some kagome-like character and a few flat bands, and can be captured by a nine-band tight-binding model.
Because magnons are charge-neutral and the lattice can be patterned freely, this analogue offers an unusually tunable platform for Dirac-like and topological physics. The authors describe band-gap engineering in 2D, topological magnon channels along one-dimensional phase boundaries, spectrally isolated modes at point (0D) defects, and a magnonic analogue of the quantum valley-Hall insulator. A key motivation is that such features normally appear only at hard-to-probe high frequencies in real 2D materials, so mapping them onto an engineered magnonic crystal brings them to more experimentally accessible scales. The work was published in Physical Review X.
Source / 出典: Kaman, B., Lim, J., Liu, Y. & Hoffmann, A., "Emulating 2D Materials with Magnons," Phys. Rev. X 16, 011034 (2026). DOI: 10.1103/t7tm-nxyl(2026年2月24日掲載/報道は3月)
Coverage / 報道: ScienceDaily | Phys.org
Related keywords: magnon, マグノン, spin wave, スピン波, magnonic crystal, マグノニック結晶, Dirac points, ディラック点, graphene analogue, グラフェン・アナログ, kagome lattice, カゴメ格子, flat band, フラットバンド, topological magnon, トポロジカルマグノン, valley-Hall, バレーホール, tight-binding model, タイトバインディング模型, simulation, シミュレーション, 2D magnetism, 二次元磁性, Physical Review X, University of Illinois, Axel Hoffmann
A major obstacle to scaling superconducting quantum computers is wiring: each qubit usually needs its own control line running from room-temperature electronics down to the qubits at millikelvin temperatures, so the number of wires grows with the number of qubits. Researchers at Seeqc Inc. (Shu-Jen Han and colleagues) tackled this by integrating the qubits and their single-flux-quantum (SFQ) digital control electronics into a single multi-chip module joined by flip-chip bonding, so that the control logic and the qubits share the same cryogenic stage.
Their system uses digital demultiplexing to distribute control pulses to several qubits, breaking the usual one-line-per-qubit scaling. Despite the much-reduced wiring, the processor achieved single-qubit gate fidelities above 99% (up to 99.9%) with no measurable degradation in qubit performance. By moving control into the cold environment and multiplexing the signals, the approach cuts wiring complexity and thermal load — a step toward chip-based, data-center-scale superconducting quantum computers. The results were published in Nature Electronics.
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org
Related keywords: superconducting quantum computer, 超伝導量子コンピュータ, single-flux quantum, 単一磁束量子, SFQ, cryogenic control, 極低温制御, flip-chip bonding, フリップチップ接合, qubit wiring, 量子ビット配線, scalability, スケーラビリティ, gate fidelity, ゲート忠実度, millikelvin, ミリケルビン, Seeqc, Nature Electronics, demultiplexing, デマルチプレクサ
An international team led by Dmitri Efetov at LMU München (with Princeton, Peking University, the University of Florida and others) used an upgraded Quantum Twisting Microscope (QTM) to directly observe how electrons subtly interact with each other in graphene — and, for the first time, did so at room temperature. The QTM performs energy- and momentum-resolved tunneling spectroscopy between two atomically thin layers at a controllable twist angle; here the team boosted its resolution by adding a hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) tunneling layer.
This let them detect tiny deviations from graphene's ideal linear (Dirac) energy spectrum — a logarithmic correction arising from electron–electron interactions, corresponding to a fine-structure constant of about α ≈ 0.32. What makes the result striking is that these delicate quantum corrections were resolved at room temperature, a regime where thermal noise usually washes them out, confirming a decades-old theoretical prediction and showcasing the QTM's extraordinary sensitivity for probing strongly correlated 2D materials. The study appeared in Nano Letters.
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | Graphene-Info
Related keywords: quantum twisting microscope, 量子ツイスト顕微鏡, QTM, graphene, グラフェン, electron-electron interactions, 電子間相互作用, Dirac dispersion, ディラック分散, fine-structure constant, 微細構造定数, room temperature, 室温, tunneling spectroscopy, トンネル分光, hexagonal boron nitride, 六方晶窒化ホウ素, hBN, moiré materials, モアレ材料, LMU München, Dmitri Efetov, Nano Letters, 2D materials, 二次元材料
Cosmologists at the National Astronomical Observatories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Sun Yat-Sen University (Zhuoming Zhang, Tengpeng Xu and Yun Chen) carried out a Bayesian comparison of five cosmological models, combining the latest DESI DR2 baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) data with Pantheon+ Type Ia supernovae and cosmic microwave background data from Planck and the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT). Their goal was to probe two of cosmology's deepest puzzles at once: whether dark energy is truly constant, and the persistent "Hubble tension" — the mismatch between early- and late-universe measurements of the cosmic expansion rate.
They report three key findings. First, the Hubble constant inferred from the combined data consistently lines up with early-universe values across all models, so the Hubble tension persists. Second, there is compelling evidence that dark energy is dynamical rather than a fixed cosmological constant: early-universe (CMB) constraints favour a "phantom" equation of state (w < −1) while late-universe (BAO/SNIa) data prefer quintessence (w > −1), implying a crossing of the w = −1 line. Third, the full data set hints at a late-time interaction between dark energy and matter. Together these results challenge the cosmological-constant (ΛCDM) paradigm and suggest corrections may be needed. The study was published in The Astrophysical Journal.
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org
Related keywords: dark energy, ダークエネルギー, dynamical dark energy, ダイナミカルダークエネルギー, Hubble tension, ハッブルテンション, ΛCDM, cosmological constant, 宇宙定数, DESI, BAO, バリオン音響振動, Pantheon+, supernovae, 超新星, CMB, 宇宙マイクロ波背景放射, Planck, ACT, phantom crossing, ファントム交差, quintessence, クインテッセンス, equation of state, 状態方程式, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yun Chen, Astrophysical Journal
The LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA (LVK) Collaboration released its Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog 4.0 (GWTC-4.0), documented across a dedicated collection of papers in The Astrophysical Journal Letters (the introductory paper appeared in ApJL vol. 995 in December 2025), with the collaboration announcing the full catalog in a coordinated release on March 5, 2026. The catalog adds 128 new gravitational-wave candidates detected during the first portion of the fourth observing run (O4a, May 2023–January 2024) — more than doubling the size of the previous catalog, which held 90 candidates compiled from all three earlier runs. The dramatic increase reflects improved detector sensitivity and more powerful analysis techniques, with upgraded LIGO detectors now able to detect binary neutron star mergers as far as ~360 megaparsecs (about 1 billion light-years) away.
The new detections reveal a striking variety of black hole binaries: the catalog includes the heaviest binary detected to date (GW231123_135430, with each black hole roughly 130 times the mass of the Sun — masses that hint at a possible second-generation origin), a binary with the highest recorded inspiral spin (GW231028_153006, both black holes spinning at about 40% the speed of light), and an unusually lopsided binary whose two black holes have markedly unequal masses. The catalog also holds two black hole–neutron star mergers. Using the full catalog, scientists further constrained the Hubble constant (the universe's present-day expansion rate), and continued to find that Einstein's general relativity passes stringent tests — even against GW230814_230901, one of the "loudest" signals recorded to date, which the surprisingly clear waveform pushed to its limits.
Coverage / 報道: MIT News | Caltech | LIGO Lab
Related keywords: gravitational waves, 重力波, GWTC-4.0, gravitational-wave transient catalog, 重力波トランジェントカタログ, LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, LVK, black hole merger, ブラックホール合体, binary black hole, 連星ブラックホール, neutron star, 中性子星, GW231123, GW231028, GW230814, Hubble constant, ハッブル定数, general relativity, 一般相対性理論, black hole spin, ブラックホールスピン, O4 observing run, 第4観測ラン, Astrophysical Journal Letters, Nergis Mavalvala, multi-messenger astronomy
Astronomers with the RedDots collaboration have confirmed a super-Earth, GJ 887 d, orbiting in the habitable zone of the bright red dwarf star GJ 887, just 10.7 light-years from the Sun. Published in Astronomy & Astrophysics, the study reanalyzed the system using 101 new radial-velocity measurements from the HARPS spectrograph at La Silla and 12 ultra-precise measurements from ESPRESSO on the Very Large Telescope, both in Chile. A previously suspected but unconfirmed 50-day signal is now firmly established as a planet: GJ 887 d orbits every 50.8 days with a minimum mass of about six times Earth's, placing it within the star's habitable zone. This makes it the second-nearest known habitable-zone exoplanet, after Proxima Centauri b.
The team confirmed a total of four planets around GJ 887 — the two previously known worlds (periods of 9.3 and 21.8 days), plus GJ 887 d and a newly found Earth-mass planet, GJ 887 e, that orbits every 4.4 days (too close to be habitable). Because the planet was detected only by radial velocity, its radius — and hence whether it is rocky, a water world, or a puffy sub-Neptune — is not yet known. GJ 887 is unusually bright and magnetically quiet for its type, making GJ 887 d a prime target for future atmospheric characterization by missions such as the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) and LIFE.
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | Astronomy
Related keywords: exoplanet, 系外惑星, super-Earth, スーパーアース, GJ 887 d, GJ 887, habitable zone, 居住可能帯, ハビタブルゾーン, red dwarf, 赤色矮星, M dwarf, radial velocity, 視線速度法, HARPS, ESPRESSO, Very Large Telescope, RedDots, Proxima Centauri b, Habitable Worlds Observatory, HWO, LIFE mission, Astronomy and Astrophysics, biosignature, バイオシグネチャー
Researchers Joel Kronborg and Johan Hoffman at Stockholm's KTH Royal Institute of Technology have used computer simulations to revisit a century-old question: how does turbulence first develop? Published in Scientific Reports, their study found that very small vortices can organize themselves into progressively larger swirls of flow — the opposite of the traditional "forward cascade" picture that has dominated for 100 years, in which large eddies break down into smaller and smaller ones until energy is dissipated by viscosity. In their simulations, small vortices arranged themselves into a distinctive zig-zag pattern before merging into larger structures, supported by an inverse transfer of energy from small to large scales.
Crucially, the researchers stress this does not overturn the classical cascade — the two mechanisms can coexist. In fact, the new process begins with a forward step: energy first moves from big vortices down to the finest possible scale, before the transfer reverses and flows from small to large. The finding could eventually influence fields where vortex dynamics matter, from the aerodynamic performance of aircraft and vehicles (with potential gains in safety and fuel efficiency) to the design of mechanical heart valves and the planning of clinical interventions for heart valve disease — an application drawn directly from the team's own biomedical research.
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | PubMed
Related keywords: turbulence, 乱流, vortex, 渦, energy cascade, エネルギーカスケード, inverse cascade, 逆カスケード, forward cascade, 順カスケード, zig-zag pattern, ジグザグパターン, fluid dynamics, 流体力学, Kolmogorov, コルモゴロフ, energy spectrum, エネルギースペクトル, viscosity, 粘性, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Joel Kronborg, Johan Hoffman, aerodynamics, 空力, heart valve, 心臓弁, Scientific Reports
Astronomers at the University of Washington have collected rare evidence of what appears to be a catastrophic collision between two planets, around the star Gaia20ehk roughly 11,000 light-years away in the constellation Puppis. Published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, the discovery began when doctoral candidate Anastasios (Andy) Tzanidakis, combing through archived telescope data from 2020, noticed that this otherwise ordinary Sun-like main-sequence star had started behaving strangely: after three brief dips in brightness beginning in 2016, its light output "went completely bonkers" around 2021. Stars like our Sun simply do not do that.
The key clue came from switching to infrared observations: as the star's visible light flickered and dimmed, its infrared brightness spiked — implying the material blocking the star was extremely hot, glowing in the infrared. A violent planetary collision would generate exactly that heat, while the earlier dips could reflect two planets spiraling ever closer in a series of grazing impacts before their final catastrophic smash-up. The debris cloud now orbits Gaia20ehk at roughly one astronomical unit — the same distance as Earth from the Sun — and bears striking similarities to the giant impact thought to have formed Earth's Moon 4.5 billion years ago. The material could eventually cool and coalesce into something resembling the Earth–Moon system. With only a handful of planetary collisions ever recorded, the team hopes the upcoming Vera C. Rubin Observatory could uncover as many as 100 such impacts over the next decade.
Coverage / 報道: University of Washington | ScienceDaily | Space.com
Related keywords: planetary collision, 惑星衝突, Gaia20ehk, exoplanet, 系外惑星, debris cloud, デブリ雲, infrared excess, 赤外線超過, main-sequence star, 主系列星, giant impact, 巨大衝突, Moon formation, 月形成, Theia, テイア, light curve, 光度曲線, University of Washington, Anastasios Tzanidakis, James Davenport, Vera Rubin Observatory, ヴェラ・ルービン天文台, Astrophysical Journal Letters, planet formation, 惑星形成
Astronomers led by the Carl Sagan Institute at Cornell University have compiled the first systematic catalogue of rocky exoplanets in the habitable zone, singling out 45 worlds — out of more than 6,000 known exoplanets — as the most promising targets in the search for life. Published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, the study combined updated stellar measurements from the European Space Agency's Gaia mission with the NASA Exoplanet Archive to refine what is known about thousands of planets and their host stars. The approach uses our own Solar System as a benchmark: the team searched for planets receiving stellar energy between what Venus and Mars get, on the reasoning that Earth is habitable while Venus and Mars are not.
All 45 highlighted planets sit in the habitable zone — the orbital band where surface temperatures could allow liquid water — and a stricter subset of 24 falls within a more conservative "3D" habitable zone. The list includes well-known names such as Proxima Centauri b, several planets in the TRAPPIST-1 system (d, e, f, and g, about 40 light-years away), Kepler-186f, and LHS 1140 b. The catalogue also deliberately includes planets on highly elliptical orbits — such as TOI-700 e and K2-3 d — to probe a key open question: whether a world must remain continuously in the habitable zone, or can move in and out while still supporting life. Arriving as a new generation of telescopes (including the James Webb Space Telescope) comes online, the catalogue is designed as a strategic roadmap to focus limited observing time on the worlds most likely to reveal biosignatures.
Coverage / 報道: SciTechDaily | EarthSky | Space.com
Related keywords: exoplanet, 系外惑星, habitable zone, 居住可能帯, ハビタブルゾーン, rocky planet, 岩石惑星, biosignature, バイオシグネチャー, Carl Sagan Institute, Cornell University, Lisa Kaltenegger, Gaia, NASA Exoplanet Archive, TRAPPIST-1, Proxima Centauri b, Kepler-186f, LHS 1140 b, TOI-700 e, K2-3 d, James Webb Space Telescope, ジェイムズ・ウェッブ宇宙望遠鏡, astrobiology, アストロバイオロジー, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Project Hail Mary
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