📰 2026年5月 のニュース / May 2026 (全59件)
2026年5月(May 2026)に発表された基礎物理学の最新ニュースと研究解説。Recent physics news and research explanations published in May 2026.
📅 2026年5月 / May 2026
A team led by physics professor Chun Ning (Jeanie) Lau at The Ohio State University, working with Imdea Nanoscience (Spain) and the National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS, Japan), has shown that the superconductivity of twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) — two atom-thin carbon sheets stacked with a small relative twist — can be tuned and even completely switched off by engineering its dielectric environment. The devices were fabricated a few nanometres above a bulk strontium titanate (SrTiO₃) substrate, a perovskite with a very large, tunable dielectric constant.
By increasing the dielectric constant in situ, the team steadily suppressed the superconducting "dome" and, with further tuning, extinguished superconductivity altogether — while at larger twist angles the SrTiO₃ environment could enable a superconducting "pocket" even where correlated insulating states were absent. Unlike conventional phonon-mediated superconductors, the pairing in this moiré system is strongly governed by electron–electron interactions that are highly sensitive to nearby materials, giving researchers a new external "knob." The result points toward designing low-loss interconnects, adaptive quantum circuits and more robust superconducting elements. Published in Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03243-1.
Source / 出典: The Ohio State University News「Researchers reveal new method for dialing up superconductivity」
Journal article / 論文: X. Gao, A. Jimeno-Pozo, … C. N. Lau et al. "Double-edged role of interactions in superconducting twisted bilayer graphene," Nature Physics 22, 692 (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03243-1
Coverage / 報道: ScienceDaily (2026-05-29) | Phys.org
Keywords: twisted bilayer graphene, ねじれ二層グラフェン, superconductivity, 超伝導, strontium titanate, チタン酸ストロンチウム, SrTiO₃, dielectric engineering, 誘電環境制御, moiré, モアレ, Cooper pair, クーパー対, Ohio State University, Nature Physics, 凝縮系物理学, 物理学, physics
For nearly a century there were two recognised kinds of magnet — ferromagnets and antiferromagnets. A third class identified in the last decade, dubbed altermagnets, may combine the best qualities of both and could enable faster, more energy-efficient electronics. Physicists at the University at Buffalo, led by corresponding author Jamir Marino, have proposed a quantum sensing scheme to make identifying altermagnets much simpler.
The theoretical technique measures how a suspected altermagnet disturbs a tiny magnetic defect — a nitrogen-vacancy centre — in a nearby diamond: the way the defect's magnetic signal relaxes would provide a fingerprint of altermagnetic order. Co-authors include Libor Šmejkal and Jairo Sinova (Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz), who first proposed altermagnets, and collaborators at the Max Planck Institutes and the University of Strasbourg. If realised experimentally, it could be a first building block for definitively confirming whether a candidate material truly is an altermagnet. Published in Physical Review Letters (2026), DOI: 10.1103/2ppn-kvjv (arXiv:2508.04788).
Source / 出典: Phys.org (2026-05-29)「Diamond quantum sensor could reveal elusive altermagnets」
Journal article / 論文: V. A. S. V. Bittencourt, H. Hosseinabadi, J. Sinova, L. Šmejkal & J. Marino, "Quantum Impurity Sensing of Altermagnetic Order," Phys. Rev. Lett. (2026). DOI: 10.1103/2ppn-kvjv
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2508.04788
Keywords: altermagnet, アルターマグネット, antiferromagnet, 反強磁性体, ferromagnet, 強磁性体, quantum sensor, 量子センサー, nitrogen-vacancy center, 窒素空孔中心, NV center, spintronics, スピントロニクス, University at Buffalo, Physical Review Letters, condensed matter physics, 凝縮系物理学, 物理学, physics
A group led by Assistant Professor Takafumi Tomita and Professor Kenji Ohmori at the Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences (Japan), has demonstrated an "Atom Camera" that uses a single ultracold rubidium atom held in an optical tweezer as a scanning probe to visualise the intensity and polarization distributions of light at the nanometre scale — beyond the diffraction limit of conventional optical microscopes.
By scanning the atom's position in sub-micrometre steps and measuring the light-induced energy shifts of its internal spin states, the team reconstructed both the intensity map of a microscopic optical lattice and a non-trivial polarization pattern. Crucially, near a tightly focused beam, linearly polarized light develops a hidden twist of circular polarization — an effect ordinary cameras cannot capture but the atom can sense, because circularly polarized light acts on its spin like an effective magnetic field. The resolution is limited only by the atom's positional uncertainty (~30 nm after ground-state cooling). The technique is a precise tool for designing and characterising the finely structured laser fields used to operate neutral-atom quantum computers. Published in Nature Communications, 29 May 2026 (arXiv:2410.03241).
Source / 出典: Phys.org (2026-05-29)「'Atom Camera' maps laser light at nanoscale using a single ultracold atom」
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2410.03241「Atom Camera: Super-resolution scanning microscope of a light pattern with a single ultracold atom」
Keywords: atom camera, アトムカメラ, single atom, 単一原子, optical tweezers, 光ピンセット, ultracold atom, 極低温原子, rubidium, ルビジウム, super-resolution, 超解像, diffraction limit, 回折限界, polarization imaging, 偏光イメージング, neutral-atom quantum computer, 中性原子量子コンピュータ, Institute for Molecular Science, 分子科学研究所, Nature Communications, 量子光学, 物理学, physics
In February 2023 the KM3NeT/ARCA neutrino telescope, anchored deep in the Mediterranean Sea, recorded KM3-230213A — an ultra-high-energy cosmic neutrino of about 220 PeV, the most energetic ever detected and more than an order of magnitude above any previously observed high-energy neutrino. Its origin has been an open question that challenges existing models of particle acceleration.
A study by the KM3NeT Collaboration explores a blazar origin — blazars being supermassive black holes whose relativistic jets point almost directly at Earth. Using multi-messenger modelling software, the authors conclude that a population of blazars could produce a diffuse neutrino flux compatible with the KM3-230213A observation. The researchers stress this is not yet a confirmed identification: more observational data are needed, and tension with IceCube's non-detection at comparable energies remains to be resolved. Published in the Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2026/03/033 (arXiv:2511.13886).
Source / 出典: Phys.org / SISSA Medialab「Record-energy neutrino may have begun its journey in blazars」
Journal article / 論文: KM3NeT Collaboration (O. Adriani et al.), "Blazars as a Potential Origin of the KM3-230213A Event," JCAP (2026). DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2026/03/033
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2511.13886
Keywords: ultra-high-energy neutrino, 超高エネルギーニュートリノ, KM3NeT, KM3-230213A, blazar, ブレーザー, active galactic nucleus, 活動銀河核, supermassive black hole, 超大質量ブラックホール, cosmic ray, 宇宙線, multi-messenger astronomy, マルチメッセンジャー天文学, neutrino astronomy, ニュートリノ天文学, IceCube, 天体物理学, 物理学, physics
At the microscopic scale, frost spreads when neighbouring supercooled water droplets connect through tiny "ice bridges", letting freezing propagate rapidly across a surface. For decades these bridges were assumed to crawl along the substrate. A team led by Nenad Miljkovic at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (first author Siyan Yang, with co-workers including Fuqiang Chu) used high-resolution optical microscopy with focal-plane-shift imaging to reveal a second, previously overlooked mode: suspended, out-of-plane ice bridges that grow through the air between droplets.
Which mode dominates is set by surface wettability: hydrophilic surfaces produce substrate-attached bridges, while superhydrophobic (water-repellent) surfaces favour suspended bridges above a contact-angle threshold of roughly 105°. The suspended bridges are thermally decoupled from the cold substrate, so they grow far more slowly; this local delay, accumulated across many droplets, suppresses overall frost spreading by more than 80% and was shown to hold from the droplet scale up to metre-sized heat exchangers. The work offers a route to better anti-frosting surfaces for heat pumps, refrigeration and aerospace. Published in Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03296-2.
Source / 出典: Phys.org「Out-of-plane ice bridges reveal new way to suppress frost spreading」
Journal article / 論文: S. Yang, F. Chu, … N. Miljkovic et al. "Growth and control of suspended ice bridges during sessile droplet freezing," Nature Physics (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03296-2
Coverage / 報道: EurekAlert! (Univ. of Illinois) | Springer Nature Research Communities
Keywords: frost propagation, 霜の伝播, ice bridge, 氷の橋, suspended ice bridge, 宙づりの氷の橋, out-of-plane, 面外, superhydrophobic, 超疎水, surface wettability, ぬれ性, sessile droplet freezing, 液滴凍結, anti-frosting, 防霜, heat exchanger, 熱交換器, interfacial transport, 界面輸送, phase change, 相変化, University of Illinois, Nenad Miljkovic, Nature Physics, 非平衡物理学, soft matter, 物理学, physics
Researchers at Brown University (corresponding author: chemistry professor Ou Chen) and the University of Michigan (Sharon C. Glotzer's group) have stabilized a structural phase of matter that had been predicted theoretically but never before captured in a physical material: an "in-transition" intermediate state between two of nature's most common metallic crystal arrangements, the face-centered cubic (FCC) and body-centered cubic (BCC) structures.
Instead of atoms, the team used finely shape-controlled silver nanocrystals as building blocks — "a little bit like kids playing with LEGO blocks," as Chen puts it — and assembled them into superlattices that freeze the fleeting transitional structure in place. Molecular-dynamics simulations backed the experimental observations. Beyond clarifying how the FCC–BCC transformation proceeds, the new material exhibits extraordinary optical properties and promising quantum-optical behavior at room temperature, suggesting applications in quantum computing and sensing, and providing a general recipe for engineering new classes of materials from custom-shaped nanoparticles. Published in Science, 28 May 2026, DOI: 10.1126/science.ady6472.
Coverage / 報道: ScienceDaily (2026-05-29)
Keywords: silver nanocrystal, 銀ナノ結晶, superlattice, 超格子, in-transition phase, 遷移中間相, FCC, 面心立方, BCC, 体心立方, phase of matter, 物質相, nanoparticle self-assembly, ナノ粒子自己組織化, quantum optics, 量子光学, Brown University, University of Michigan, Science, condensed matter physics, 凝縮系物理学, materials science, 材料科学, 物理学, physics
Angular momentum and torque matter across physics, from elementary particles to gyroscopes and astrophysical objects, but probing or steering rotation inside atoms requires torque on femtosecond timescales and picometre length scales — far beyond what laser light can deliver. A team at the University of Konstanz (Y. Fang, J. Kuttruff and senior author Peter Baum) has now shaped free electrons in an electron microscope into wave packets carrying a time-dependent chirality and an internal torque.
The electron beam is crossed with chiral laser light, so that multiple helical-photon absorptions create discrete energy sidebands and correlate each electron's orbital angular momentum with its kinetic energy. Dispersion arising from the electron's rest mass then turns every single electron into a wave function with internal torque — under the team's control, a left-handed matter wave becomes right-handed within femtoseconds. Because the torque acts at picometre scales, such structured electrons could become a tool for studying and manipulating angular momentum and chirality on atomic and sub-atomic scales. Published in Nature Physics 22, 838–843 (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03308-1 (arXiv:2412.10076).
Source / 出典: Phys.org「Electron matter waves gain ultrafast torque that flips handedness in femtoseconds」
Journal article / 論文: Y. Fang, J. Kuttruff & P. Baum, "Electron matter waves with internal torque," Nature Physics 22, 838–843 (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03308-1
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2412.10076「Electron matter waves with internal torque」
Keywords: electron matter waves, 電子の物質波, internal torque, 内部トルク, orbital angular momentum, 軌道角運動量, chirality, キラリティ, ultrafast electron microscopy, 超高速電子顕微鏡, structured electrons, 構造化電子, chiral light, キラル光, University of Konstanz, Nature Physics, 量子光学, 物理学, physics
Antihydrogen — a positron bound to an antiproton — is the only pure anti-atom ever made, and comparing it precisely with ordinary hydrogen is a sharp test of CPT symmetry, the deep requirement that matter and antimatter obey mirror-image laws. The ALPHA Collaboration at CERN reports a measurement of antihydrogen's ground-state hyperfine splitting — the tiny energy difference set by the relative orientation of the positron and antiproton spins — at 4 parts per million (ppm), a roughly 100-fold (two orders of magnitude) improvement over the collaboration's 2017 result.
From microwave spectroscopy of about 24,000 trapped anti-atoms (accumulated in samples of roughly 1,500 at a time), the team found a1S/h ≈ 1,420,404.8 ± 1.1 (stat.) ± 5.6 (sys.) kHz in a 1-tesla field, fully consistent with hydrogen. Crucially, at this precision the result becomes sensitive to the internal structure of the antiproton — which contributes at about 40 ppm — approaching the limit of current theory. Any future discrepancy with hydrogen would point to new physics and could bear on why the Universe is made of matter. Published in Nature 653, 1022–1026 (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10556-x.
Source / 出典: Phys.org「Antihydrogen mirrors hydrogen in upgraded spectrum test, narrowing cosmic mystery」
Journal article / 論文: R. Akbari et al. (ALPHA Collaboration), "Four ppm measurement of the antihydrogen ground-state hyperfine splitting," Nature 653, 1022–1026 (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10556-x
Coverage / 報道: APS Physics (Viewpoint) | Swansea University
Keywords: antihydrogen, 反水素, antimatter, 反物質, hyperfine splitting, 超微細構造分裂, CPT symmetry, CPT対称性, antiproton, 反陽子, ALPHA experiment, ALPHA実験, CERN, microwave spectroscopy, マイクロ波分光, matter-antimatter asymmetry, 物質・反物質非対称性, precision measurement, 精密測定, fundamental symmetry, 基本対称性, Nature, 反物質物理学, 素粒子物理学, 物理学, physics
A team at ETH Zurich — first author Anatoly Kulikov, led by Renato Renner and Andreas Wallraff — has reported the first experimental demonstration of device-independent randomness amplification. The protocol takes a source of "weak" randomness (bits that are biased and partly predictable, even to an adversary) and distills from it output bits that are certifiably almost perfectly random. Crucially, the guarantee is device-independent: it rests on the statistics of a loophole-free Bell test, not on any assumption about how the hardware works internally.
The experiment runs on two superconducting transmon qubits, each held in its own dilution refrigerator at about 15 millikelvin, with the two cryostats separated by roughly 30 metres and joined by a cryogenically cooled microwave link. A single microwave photon travelling between the nodes entangles the qubits; the 30 m separation is large enough that, given the measurement timing, no signal could pass between the nodes to coordinate the outcomes — closing the locality loophole. The hard part was meeting two demands at once: a high Bell-inequality violation and a high repetition rate, both required by realistic randomness-amplification protocols. Since randomness amplification has been proven impossible by purely classical means, the result is a clean demonstration of a genuine quantum advantage, with direct relevance to cryptographic key generation. Published in Nature (online 27 May 2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10521-8.
Coverage / 報道: APS Physics Magazine「Amplifying Randomness with Quantum Measurements」
Keywords: randomness amplification, ランダムさの増幅, device-independent, 装置依存なし, Bell test, ベル検定, loophole-free, ループホールフリー, superconducting qubit, 超伝導量子ビット, transmon, トランズモン, quantum advantage, 量子優位, entanglement, 量子もつれ, quantum cryptography, 量子暗号, ETH Zurich, チューリッヒ工科大学, Nature, quantum information, 量子情報, 物理学, physics
The LHCb experiment at CERN's Large Hadron Collider has reported one of the strongest recent hints of physics beyond the Standard Model. Studying the rare electroweak "penguin" decay in which a B⁰ meson decays into a kaon, a pion and two muons (B⁰→K*⁰μ⁺μ⁻), the team measured the angles and rates of the emerging particles and found a discrepancy of about four standard deviations (4σ) from Standard-Model predictions.
Penguin decays are extremely rare — only about one in a million B mesons decays this way — which makes them uniquely sensitive to the influence of hypothetical heavy particles too massive to be produced directly at the LHC. The analysis used roughly 650 billion B-meson decays recorded between 2011 and 2018; a theory–data combination suggests known effects ("charming penguins") struggle to explain the result. At 4σ the finding falls short of the 5σ discovery threshold, and independent confirmation is needed — but with three times more data already recorded and major upgrades planned for the 2030s, definitive tests are coming. Among candidate explanations are new particles such as leptoquarks. Published in Physical Review Letters (2026), DOI: 10.1103/24g9-yn9d (arXiv:2512.18053).
Source / 出典: ScienceDaily (2026-05-26)「Large Hadron Collider detects strange particle behavior that could rewrite physics」
Journal article / 論文: LHCb Collaboration, "A comprehensive analysis of the B⁰→K*⁰μ⁺μ⁻ decay," Phys. Rev. Lett. (2026). DOI: 10.1103/24g9-yn9d
Preprint & coverage / プレプリント・報道: arXiv:2512.18053 | Nature News
Keywords: Standard Model, 標準模型, beyond the Standard Model, 標準模型を超える物理, penguin decay, ペンギン崩壊, B meson, B中間子, flavour-changing neutral current, FCNC, LHCb, CERN, Large Hadron Collider, 大型ハドロン衝突型加速器, muon, ミューオン, leptoquark, レプトクォーク, particle physics, 素粒子物理学, 物理学, physics
Using version 4.0 of the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC-4), which contains 153 confident black-hole merger detections, an international research team including Cardiff University (Gravity Exploration Institute) tested whether the heaviest black holes are "second-generation" objects — formed when earlier black holes merged and then merged again in dense stellar environments.
The analysis supports a long-predicted pair-instability mass gap — roughly 50 to 130 solar masses — a range that dying stars are not expected to produce directly. Black holes found within or above this gap appear to belong to a distinct class with a different formation history: rather than collapsing from a single massive star, they are remnants of previous mergers, often carrying tell-tale high spins. The finding offers a natural explanation for "impossibly heavy" black holes that stellar death alone cannot account for, and illustrates how hierarchical assembly shapes the black-hole population. Published in Nature Astronomy (2026).
Source / 出典: ScienceDaily「The Universe's biggest black holes may be forged in violent mergers」
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org「These monster black holes did not form the usual way」 | Simons Foundation
Keywords: black hole, ブラックホール, gravitational waves, 重力波, hierarchical merger, 階層的合体, second-generation black hole, 2世代目ブラックホール, pair-instability mass gap, 対不安定性質量ギャップ, GWTC-4, LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, black hole spin, ブラックホールのスピン, Nature Astronomy, 天体物理学, 物理学, physics
Detecting light is a solved problem in the visible range, but in the far-infrared and terahertz (THz) regime — the so-called "terahertz gap" — detectors have long been either insensitive, slow, or bulky and expensive, often requiring cryogenic cooling. A team centred on the Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge (first author Ruqiao Xia, with Wladislaw Michailow, David Ritchie and colleagues) has now combined quantum physics with a carefully designed metasurface to build a compact detector that substantially improves how THz radiation is captured and converted into an electrical signal.
At the heart of the device is the in-plane photoelectric effect, a quantum process in which incoming THz photons transfer their energy to electrons confined in a two-dimensional electron gas. The metasurface — an engineered array of sub-wavelength structures — concentrates the incident field so that this energy transfer becomes efficient, yielding a "photoelectric tunable-step" detector whose response steps can be adjusted electrically. The approach points towards practical, high-sensitivity THz imaging and sensing without bulky cryogenic apparatus. Published in Advanced Photonics 8(2), 026011 (2026), DOI: 10.1117/1.AP.8.2.026011.
Journal article / 論文: R. Xia et al. "Quantum metasurface-based photoelectric tunable-step terahertz detector," Advanced Photonics 8(2), 026011 (2026). DOI: 10.1117/1.AP.8.2.026011
Coverage / 報道: ScienceDaily (2026-05-31, SPIE)
Keywords: terahertz, テラヘルツ, terahertz gap, テラヘルツギャップ, quantum metasurface, 量子メタサーフェス, in-plane photoelectric effect, 面内光電効果, two-dimensional electron gas, 2次元電子ガス, 2DEG, THz detector, テラヘルツ検出器, far-infrared, 遠赤外線, University of Cambridge, ケンブリッジ大学, Cavendish Laboratory, Advanced Photonics, 光物性, applied physics, 物理学, physics
Physicists at the Center for Computational Quantum Physics (CCQ) at the Simons Foundation's Flatiron Institute, with collaborators at Boston University, have used advanced tensor-network methods to solve on classical computers a quantum-dynamics problem previously claimed to be solvable only by a quantum computer. The technique was so efficient that lead researcher Joseph Tindall ran many of the initial calculations on a personal laptop, using the open-source ITensor library.
The target was a high-profile 2025 "beyond-classical" milestone reported with D-Wave's ~5,000-qubit Advantage2 quantum-annealing processor, which simulated the quench dynamics of Ising spin glasses. To avoid the exponential memory wall, the team built a lattice-specific 3D tensor network and adapted belief propagation — a 1980s message-passing routine — to track the entangled state. Their classical results matched the quantum machine's output and agreed with exact theory on smaller test cases. The work does not declare quantum computers obsolete; rather, it raises the bar for future quantum-advantage claims, which must now beat smarter classical baselines. Published in Science (2026).
Source / 出典: Simons Foundation (2026-05-21)「Quantum Dynamics Breakthrough Overturns Claim of 'Quantum Supremacy'」
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org (2026-05-21)「Quantum supremacy just ran into an unexpected rival: An ordinary laptop armed with new math」
Keywords: quantum supremacy, 量子超越性, quantum advantage, 量子優位性, tensor network, テンソルネットワーク, classical simulation, 古典シミュレーション, D-Wave, quantum annealing, 量子アニーリング, Ising spin glass, イジングスピングラス, belief propagation, 信念伝播, ITensor, Flatiron Institute, 量子計算, quantum dynamics, 物理学, physics
The mechanism of high-temperature (high-Tc) superconductivity remains one of the great unsolved problems of condensed-matter physics. Nickelates — nickel-oxide compounds — recently emerged as a fresh platform for attacking it, alongside the long-studied copper-oxide cuprates. A team led by Junfeng He at the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), with the groups of Qi-Kun Xue and Zhuoyu Chen at the Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), used angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) to map the electronic structure of Ruddlesden-Popper bilayer nickelate ((La,Pr,Sm)₃Ni₂O₇) superconducting thin films.
Two central questions in high-Tc physics are the symmetry of the superconducting gap and the pairing mechanism. On the first, the team found no gap "nodes" (points where the gap shrinks to zero) anywhere in momentum space — a result consistent with an s-wave (s±) gap. On the second, they observed a dispersion "kink" about 70 meV below the Fermi level, a fingerprint of electron-boson coupling that offers a clue to how electron pairs form. To prevent oxygen loss during transfer of the delicate films, the team developed a liquid-nitrogen-cooled ultrahigh-vacuum quenching-and-transfer method that carried the films over 1200 km from Shenzhen to laser-ARPES in Hefei and synchrotron-ARPES in Shanghai. (A gap of ~18 meV was measured along the Brillouin-zone diagonal.) Published in Science (2026), DOI: 10.1126/science.adw8329.
Source / 出典: SciTechDaily (2026-05-24)「Scientists Crack Key Mystery Behind High-Temperature Superconductors」(USTC 発表)
Journal article / 論文: J. Shen, G. Zhou, … Q.-K. Xue, J. He & Z. Chen, "Nodeless superconducting gap and electron-boson coupling in (La,Pr,Sm)₃Ni₂O₇ films," Science (2026). DOI: 10.1126/science.adw8329
Keywords: high-temperature superconductivity, 高温超伝導, nickelate, ニッケル酸化物, Ruddlesden-Popper, ラドルスデン-ポッパー, superconducting gap, 超伝導ギャップ, nodeless gap, ノードレスギャップ, s-wave, s波, electron-boson coupling, 電子ボソン結合, pairing mechanism, ペアリング機構, ARPES, 角度分解光電子分光, cuprate, 銅酸化物, USTC, SUSTech, 凝縮系物理学, condensed matter, 物理学, physics
Astronomers using NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have taken a close look at the atmosphere of TOI-199 b, a rare Saturn-sized giant planet with temperatures surprisingly similar to Earth's, and detected methane. Giant planets are usually found at temperature extremes — frigid like Jupiter and Saturn, or blistering "hot Jupiters" orbiting close to their stars — making TOI-199 b one of only a small number of known temperate giant planets, and this is the first time the atmosphere of one has been studied in such detail.
The team, led by first author Aaron Bello-Arufe, a postdoctoral researcher at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, used transmission spectroscopy: as the planet passes in front of its star, molecules in its atmosphere absorb specific wavelengths, leaving a chemical "fingerprint" in the starlight. Researchers first collected about 20 continuous hours of observations to establish a baseline, then compared it with the spectrum recorded during the roughly 7-hour transit — far longer than the ~1-hour transits typical of hot Jupiters. The findings could sharpen models of how planets and their atmospheres form and evolve. Published in The Astronomical Journal 171, 354 (2026), DOI: 10.3847/1538-3881/ae4fba.
Journal article / 論文: A. Bello-Arufe, R. Hu, … H. A. Knutson, D. K. Sing, X. Zhang, "Methane on the Temperate Exo-Saturn TOI-199 b," The Astronomical Journal 171, 354 (2026). DOI: 10.3847/1538-3881/ae4fba
Keywords: TOI-199 b, exoplanet, 系外惑星, temperate giant planet, 温帯巨大惑星, exo-Saturn, 系外土星, methane, メタン, JWST, ジェイムズ・ウェッブ宇宙望遠鏡, transmission spectroscopy, トランジット分光, exoplanet atmosphere, 系外惑星大気, JPL, The Astronomical Journal, 天体物理学, astrophysics, 物理学, physics
In a new result presented at the Large Hadron Collider Physics 2026 (LHCP 2026) conference, the ATLAS Collaboration at CERN reported the first observation of a particle consistent with the Bc*+ meson — the lowest excited state of the Bc+ meson, which uniquely contains two kinds of heavy quarks: a charm quark and a bottom antiquark. In the excited Bc*+ the two quarks' spins are aligned, whereas in the ground-state Bc+ they point in opposite directions. Such doubly heavy mesons are a prime laboratory for testing how the strong force binds quarks inside hadrons.
The challenge: the Bc*+ decays to a Bc+ plus a photon carrying only a few tens of MeV — too soft for standard photon identification. ATLAS physicists instead exploited photon conversions, where the photon turns into an electron–positron pair in the tracking detector, reconstructing tracks with transverse momenta as low as 100 MeV via a dedicated procedure, and used Bc+ decays into three muons and an (unreconstructed) neutrino, a channel about twenty times more frequent than fully reconstructable modes. The new particle appears as a striking peak with a significance exceeding 8 standard deviations; the measured Bc*+ − Bc+ mass difference is 64.5 ± 1.4 (stat.) +1.0/−1.4 (syst.) MeV — within the range of theoretical expectations, though slightly deviating from the most recent high-precision calculations, providing valuable input for models of heavy-hadron mass spectra (arXiv:2605.16228).
Source / 出典: ATLAS Experiment / CERN Physics Briefing (2026-05-21)「ATLAS observes new Bc meson excited state」
Preprint / プレプリント: ATLAS Collaboration, "Observation of a Bc*+ meson with the ATLAS detector," arXiv:2605.16228
Keywords: Bc*+ meson, Bc*+中間子, Bc meson, Bc中間子, excited state, 励起状態, charm quark, チャームクォーク, bottom antiquark, ボトム反クォーク, ATLAS, LHC, CERN, hadron spectroscopy, ハドロン分光, strong force, 強い力, QCD, quantum chromodynamics, 量子色力学, photon conversion, 光子転換, LHCP 2026, particle physics, 素粒子物理学, 物理学, physics
A team led by Academy Professor Mikko Möttönen at Aalto University (Finland), with the company IQM and the VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, has built an ultra-sensitive calorimeter that detects energies below one zeptojoule (10⁻²¹ J). After optimised filtering, the device registered an electromagnetic pulse of just 0.83 zeptojoules — roughly the work needed to lift a red blood cell one nanometre against gravity — a world first for calorimetric measurement.
A calorimeter measures energy by absorbing it, converting it to heat, and reading the resulting temperature change. At about 20 millikelvin, a gold–palladium nanowire combined with superconducting materials reacts to the slightest change in heat. Möttönen notes the device could become a component for reading out qubits in quantum computers, and points toward the long-sought goal of counting individual photons. Because it can in principle detect pulses arriving at an arbitrary, unknown time, it may also help search for hypothetical dark-matter particles such as axions from space. Published in Nature Electronics, 12 May 2026, DOI: 10.1038/s41928-026-01615-2.
Source / 出典: Aalto University News「Researchers measure energy below a zeptojoule」
Journal article / 論文: A. M. Gunyhó, K. Kohvakka, Q.-M. Chen, … M. Möttönen, "Zeptojoule calorimetry," Nature Electronics (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41928-026-01615-2
Coverage / 報道: ScienceDaily (2026-05-20)
Keywords: calorimeter, 熱量計, カロリメータ, zeptojoule, ゼプトジュール, quantum sensor, 量子センサー, single-photon detection, 単一光子検出, superconductivity, 超伝導, qubit readout, 量子ビット読み出し, dark matter, 暗黒物質, axion, アクシオン, Aalto University, Nature Electronics, 量子計測, 物理学, physics
Tiny silicon Coriolis vibratory gyroscopes (CVGs) — the rotation sensors in phones, cars and drones — are cheap and small but far less sensitive than their bulky macroscale cousins, because the intrinsic Coriolis coupling that converts rotation into a measurable signal is weak and easily buried in noise. A research team in China (S. Zhang, D. Xiao and X. Zhou) overcomes this limit not with better hardware but with singularity physics: they operate the gyroscope near a cusp catastrophe, a third-order singularity in the phase-tracked oscillations.
Near such a cusp, the frequency shift induced by the Coriolis effect scales as the cube root of the input rotation rather than linearly, hugely amplifying small signals. The team reports a roughly 1,000-fold enhancement of the Coriolis factor, a 253-fold improvement in signal-to-noise ratio and a 297-fold increase in precision, setting a record for silicon-chip gyroscopes. Because the trick is a control strategy rather than a special material, the authors note the same cusp-singularity approach could sharpen many other compact sensors, from seismometers to gravity and gravitational-wave instruments. Published in Nature (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10565-w.
Journal article / 論文: S. Zhang, D. Xiao & X. Zhou et al. "Cusp-singularity-enhanced Coriolis effect for sensitive chip-scale gyroscopes," Nature (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10565-w
Keywords: gyroscope, ジャイロスコープ, Coriolis vibratory gyroscope, コリオリ振動ジャイロ, MEMS, cusp catastrophe, カスプ・カタストロフ, catastrophe theory, カタストロフ理論, third-order singularity, 3次特異点, exceptional point, 例外点, non-Hermitian, 非エルミート, inertial sensor, 慣性センサー, signal-to-noise ratio, S/N比, precision measurement, 精密計測, silicon chip, シリコンチップ, Nature, 応用物理学, 物理学, physics
The LiDAR sensors now built into many smartphones measure the time-of-flight of light at picosecond resolution. In principle that timing carries information about objects outside the sensor's direct view — light can bounce off a nearby wall or floor, hit a hidden object, and return — enabling non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging, or "seeing around corners." Until now this needed bulky, high-power research-grade lasers; on consumer devices the signal is too weak, too low-resolution and too blurred by motion. A team at the MIT Media Lab (Siddharth Somasundaram, Aaron Young, Ramesh Raskar and colleagues, with Dartmouth) cracked the consumer case.
Inspired by burst photography and synthetic-aperture radar, they introduce a motion-induced aperture sampling model that fuses many individual frames — turning the otherwise harmful motion of the camera and the hidden object into a virtual aperture that boosts signal quality. Using an off-the-shelf LiDAR costing under US$100, they demonstrated three capabilities on hidden objects behind walls and partitions: rough 3D reconstruction, real-time tracking of a moving mannequin, and camera self-localization — all "plug-and-play," with no special calibration. The work points toward everyday NLOS sensing for robotics, autonomous vehicles and augmented reality. Published in Nature 653, 693–699 (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10502-x.
Source / 出典: MIT Media Lab「MIT Media Lab Researchers Turn Everyday LiDAR Into an Around-the-Corner Camera」
Journal article / 論文: S. Somasundaram, A. Young, A. Dave, A. Pediredla & R. Raskar, "Imaging hidden objects with consumer LiDAR via motion-induced sampling," Nature 653, 693–699 (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10502-x
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2605.17865
Coverage / 報道: IEEE Spectrum | TechXplore
Keywords: non-line-of-sight imaging, 非視線イメージング, NLOS, LiDAR, ライダー, time-of-flight, 飛行時間, consumer sensor, 民生センサー, smartphone, スマートフォン, motion-induced sampling, 運動誘起サンプリング, multi-frame fusion, 多フレーム融合, synthetic aperture, 合成開口, 3D reconstruction, 3D再構成, computational imaging, 計算イメージング, MIT Media Lab, Ramesh Raskar, Nature, 応用光学, 物理学, physics
An international team analysing data from NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope reports what may be the first clear detection of GeV gamma rays from a superluminous supernova (SLSN) — explosions 10–100× brighter than ordinary core-collapse supernovae. Searching the six nearest SLSNe of Fermi's first 16 years, only SN 2017egm — which erupted in the barred spiral galaxy NGC 3191, about 440 million light-years away in Ursa Major — shows a significant signal in Fermi's Large Area Telescope, detected roughly 43–155 days after discovery.
The result supports the leading "magnetar central engine" model: a rapidly spinning, ultra-magnetized newborn neutron star injects energy that, once the expanding ejecta become transparent (about three months after the explosion), partly escapes as gamma rays. The model reproduces SN 2017egm's early behaviour well, though some later discrepancies remain — possibly from interaction with material shed before the explosion. Lead author Fabio Acero (CNRS, France) with Guillem Martí-Devesa (Institute of Space Sciences, Barcelona) and LSU collaborators. Published in Astronomy & Astrophysics, 20 May 2026, DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202558547.
Source / 出典: NASA Science (2026-05-20)「NASA's Fermi Glimpses Power Source of Supercharged Supernovae」
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | Sci.News
Keywords: superluminous supernova, 超高輝度超新星, SN 2017egm, magnetar, マグネター, neutron star, 中性子星, central engine, 中心エンジン, gamma rays, ガンマ線, Fermi-LAT, NASA Fermi, フェルミ望遠鏡, NGC 3191, core-collapse supernova, コア崩壊型超新星, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 天体物理学, 高エネルギー天体物理学, physics
When a pulse of light passes through a medium it picks up a group delay. Near an atomic resonance this delay can go negative — the pulse peak seems to exit before it entered. Whether that negative delay should be read as the time photons actually spend as atomic excitations has been debated for decades. A team led by Aephraim Steinberg at the University of Toronto (first author Daniela Angulo), with theorist Howard Wiseman at Griffith University, put the question directly to the atoms.
Rather than timing photons at a detector, they used a weak cross-Kerr (weak-measurement) probe to read out how long a cloud of cold rubidium atoms actually spent in the excited state as a photon was transmitted. Averaging roughly a million runs across about seven parameter sets (~70 hours of data), they measured mean excitation times ranging from (−0.82 ± 0.31)τ₀ for the narrowest-band pulse to (+0.54 ± 0.28)τ₀ for the broadest, where τ₀ is the non-post-selected excitation time — the scattering (absorption) probability multiplied by the atomic lifetime. The negative value is a genuine, measurable effect of quantum measurement — not a signal traveling faster than light, and not time travel. First circulated as a preprint in 2024, the result cleared peer review and was published in Physical Review Letters (2026), DOI: 10.1103/gjfq-k9dv.
Source / 出典: Live Science (2026-05-20)「'Negative time' confirmed: light can exit a cloud of atoms before it enters」
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2409.03680
Keywords: negative time, 負の時間, group delay, 群遅延, weak measurement, 弱測定, weak value, 弱値, atomic excitation, 原子励起, cross-Kerr effect, クロスカー効果, rubidium, ルビジウム, photon-atom interaction, 光子-原子相互作用, quantum foundations, 量子基礎論, quantum optics, 量子光学, Aephraim Steinberg, Daniela Angulo, University of Toronto, Griffith University, 物理学, physics
For years, the muon's anomalous magnetic moment (g−2) showed a persistent discrepancy between the measured value (refined to high precision at Fermilab) and the Standard-Model prediction — a gap widely viewed as a possible sign of a "fifth force" or new particles. A new calculation that combines lattice-QCD simulations with experimental data for the dominant hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) contribution now causes that anomaly to largely vanish.
The hadronic (strong-force) contributions have always been the hardest part to compute and the largest source of theoretical uncertainty. Earlier "data-driven" estimates disagreed with lattice-QCD results; the new hybrid determination — at sub-percent precision — agrees with the experimental measurement, bringing theory and experiment into accord. The upshot is not the discovery of new physics but a further strengthening of the Standard Model, and it places tight constraints on many "beyond the Standard Model" scenarios. Published in Nature (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10449-z (open access).
Source / 出典: CNRS / INP「Reconciling the Standard Model with the muon anomaly」
Journal article / 論文: A. Boccaletti, Sz. Borsanyi et al., "Hybrid calculation of hadronic vacuum polarization in muon g−2 to 0.48%," Nature (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10449-z
Keywords: muon g-2, ミューオンg-2, anomalous magnetic moment, 異常磁気モーメント, Standard Model, 標準模型, hadronic vacuum polarization, ハドロン真空偏極, lattice QCD, 格子QCD, Fermilab, フェルミ研究所, fifth force, 第5の力, new physics, 新物理, BMW collaboration, particle physics, 素粒子物理学, 物理学, physics
Researchers at Hokkaido University and the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) report that the faint red, low-latitude auroras occasionally seen from Hokkaido, Japan, reached altitudes above ~500 km during four storms in 2024 (28 June, 4 August, 12 September, 9 November) — far higher than expected, given that these were only "moderately intense" magnetic storms (peak Dst index ≈ −110 nT).
Combining photographs submitted by citizen scientists across Japan with satellite data, Tomohiro M. Nakayama and Ryuho Kataoka found the events were associated with strong magnetospheric compression driven by high-density (rather than merely high-speed) solar wind — pointing to an underappreciated role for solar-wind density in mid-latitude auroras. Because such storms can heat and expand the upper atmosphere, increasing drag on satellites, the finding has implications for space-weather forecasting and the safe operation of the growing low-Earth-orbit satellite fleet. Published in the Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate (vol. 16, art. 19), 19 May 2026, DOI: 10.1051/swsc/2026004 (Open Access).
Source / 出典: SciTechDaily (2026-05)「Hidden Solar Storms May Be Lighting Japan's Skies With Massive Red Auroras」
Journal article / 論文: T. M. Nakayama & R. Kataoka, "Faint red auroras as seen from Japan associated with intense magnetospheric compression," J. Space Weather Space Clim. 16, 19 (2026). DOI: 10.1051/swsc/2026004
Coverage / 報道: Space.com
Keywords: red aurora, 赤いオーロラ, 低緯度オーロラ, low-latitude aurora, space weather, 宇宙天気, magnetic storm, 磁気嵐, geomagnetic storm, magnetospheric compression, 磁気圏圧縮, solar wind density, 太陽風密度, Dst index, Dst指数, citizen science, 市民科学, satellite drag, 衛星空気抵抗, Hokkaido University, 北海道大学, OIST, 沖縄科学技術大学院大学, 中山智裕, 片岡龍峰, atmospheric physics, 超高層大気物理学, 物理学, physics
The universal gravitational constant G ("big G") sets the strength of gravity everywhere in the universe, yet after more than 225 years of effort it remains the least precisely known fundamental constant: modern experiments disagree by about one part in 10,000 — more than their stated uncertainties. NIST physicist Stephan Schlamminger and colleagues spent roughly a decade painstakingly recreating the BIPM torsion-balance experiment (originally performed in France) to test whether its comparatively high value of G would reappear.
To avoid unconscious bias, a colleague scrambled the data with a secret offset kept in a sealed envelope, which was only opened on a conference stage in July 2024. The unblinded result, G = 6.67387×10⁻¹¹ m³ kg⁻¹ s⁻², came out about 0.0235% below the earlier BIPM value — so the puzzle deepens rather than resolves: either subtle systematic errors lurk in these exquisitely difficult experiments, or something in our understanding of gravity is incomplete. Along the way the team identified previously unaccounted-for effects such as air pressure. Published in Metrologia 63(2), 025012 (online 16 April 2026), DOI: 10.1088/1681-7575/ae570f; the story drew wide coverage in May 2026.
Source / 出典: NIST News「NIST Weighs In on the Mystery of the Gravitational Constant」
Journal article / 論文: S. Schlamminger et al. "Redetermination of the gravitational constant with the BIPM torsion balance at NIST," Metrologia 63(2), 025012 (2026). DOI: 10.1088/1681-7575/ae570f
Coverage / 報道: ScienceDaily (2026-05-18) | CNN (2026-05-07)
Keywords: gravitational constant, 万有引力定数, big G, ビッグG, Newtonian constant of gravitation, torsion balance, ねじれ秤, BIPM, NIST, blind analysis, ブラインド解析, precision measurement, 精密測定, fundamental constants, 基本定数, metrology, 計量学, gravity, 重力, Metrologia, 物理学, physics
A joint research team led by Dr. Yu Dong (then JSPS Research Fellow at the Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo; now Special Postdoctoral Researcher at RIKEN CEMS), Associate Professor Toshiya Ideue (ISSP, UTokyo), and Group Director Yoshihiro Iwasa (RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science), together with Associate Professor Takahiro Morimoto (Graduate School of Engineering, UTokyo), Group Director Naoki Ogawa (RIKEN CEMS), and collaborators at Columbia University and the National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), has discovered a new "layer photovoltaic effect" in a bilayer (two-layer) van der Waals antiferromagnet protected by parity-time (PT) symmetry.
In this atomically thin material, the spins within each layer are aligned, while the upper and lower layers point in opposite directions — giving two equivalent antiferromagnetic ground states with zero net macroscopic magnetisation. The team illuminated the device and measured the resulting current: in the disordered (paramagnetic) state no current flows, but each antiferromagnetic state produces a spontaneous photocurrent without any applied voltage, and crucially the two antiferromagnetic states yield currents of opposite sign. The behaviour is quantitatively explained by the quantum-geometric properties of the electronic wave functions — that is, the bulk-photovoltaic-like response is protected by the underlying PT symmetry of the bilayer crystal.
Most strikingly, the photocurrent does not flow uniformly through the whole crystal: it flows locally within each atomic layer, and by engineering the electrode geometry the team demonstrated that the layer-resolved currents can be extracted individually. This means that each layer of the bilayer can be addressed as an independent photo-active channel — a property unique to atomically thin antiferromagnets and inaccessible in conventional bulk materials. Because antiferromagnets are intrinsically fast (terahertz-scale spin dynamics) and emit no stray magnetic fields, the layer photovoltaic effect opens a route to ultra-low-power, high-density photo-spintronic and quantum-electronic devices, optical antiferromagnetic memories, and on-chip optical sensors. Published online in Nature Materials on 18 May 2026 (UK summer time) — title: "Layer Photovoltaic Effect in a Two-dimensional Antiferromagnet with Parity-time Symmetry" (DOI: 10.1038/s41563-026-02593-8).
Source / 出典: JST 共同発表 (2026-05-18)「原子レベルに薄い磁性体で磁気状態を反映した光電流を観測 — 反強磁性体における符号反転する新しい光電流を発見」
RIKEN press release / 理研プレスリリース: 理化学研究所 (2026-05-19)
Press release PDF / プレスリリースPDF: JST PDF (2026-05-18)
Related keywords: layer photovoltaic effect, 層光起電力効果, parity-time symmetry, PT対称性, パリティ・時間反転対称性, bilayer antiferromagnet, 2層反強磁性体, atomically thin antiferromagnet, 原子レベル磁性体, 2D magnet, 二次元磁性体, van der Waals magnet, ファンデルワールス磁性体, photocurrent, 光電流, bulk photovoltaic effect, バルク光起電力効果, sign-reversing photocurrent, 符号反転光電流, quantum geometry, 量子幾何学, Berry curvature, ベリー曲率, electronic wave function, 電子波動関数, spin-polarized photocurrent, スピン分極光電流, photo-spintronics, フォトスピントロニクス, antiferromagnetic spintronics, 反強磁性スピントロニクス, optical control of magnetism, 光磁気制御, optical antiferromagnetic memory, 光反強磁性メモリ, quantum electronics, 量子エレクトロニクス, low-power device, 低消費電力デバイス, terahertz spin dynamics, テラヘルツスピンダイナミクス, ISSP, 物性研究所, RIKEN CEMS, 創発物性科学研究センター, Columbia University, コロンビア大学, NIMS, 物質・材料研究機構, Toshiya Ideue, 井手上敏也, Yoshihiro Iwasa, 岩佐義宏, Takahiro Morimoto, 森本高裕, Naoki Ogawa, 小川直毅, Yu Dong, Nature Materials, condensed matter physics, 凝縮系物理学, spintronics, スピントロニクス, 物理学, physics
A team led by Special Appointed Assistant Professor Hanshen Tsai, former Special Appointed Assistant Professor Takuya Matsuda, and Professor Satoru Nakatsuji at the Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo — with Professor Ryotaro Arita (UTokyo Science / RIKEN CEMS Team Director), Professor Mitsuru Takenaka, Assistant Professor Kotaro Shimizu, Professor Tetsuya Iizuka (UTokyo Engineering), Associate Professor Shinji Miwa (ISSP, UTokyo), and Senior Research Scientist Kohta Kondou (formerly RIKEN CEMS, now Osaka University) — has demonstrated a non-volatile "quantum" switching device using the topological chiral antiferromagnet Mn₃Sn, whose two magnetic memory states can be rewritten by an electrical pulse as short as 40 picoseconds (1 picosecond = 10⁻¹² s).
In conventional CPUs and GPUs, increasing the operating frequency beyond the nanosecond regime drives power dissipation to prohibitive levels because Joule heating scales with current density squared. Picosecond-scale switching — roughly 1,000× faster than today's CMOS — has therefore long been a target, but every known mechanism has been hampered by transient temperature rises of several hundred degrees, sacrificing device endurance. The Mn₃Sn device circumvents this entirely: it switches via an athermal angular-momentum-transfer spin-orbit torque (SOT), which exerts a torque on the Néel order without dumping energy as heat. The result is the only known route that simultaneously delivers picosecond switching speed, dramatically reduced energy dissipation, and high endurance.
Experimentally, the team patterned Hall-bar devices from heterostructures of Mn₃Sn (10–16 nm thick) on a Ta (5 nm) heavy-metal layer fabricated on silicon, and read out the magnetic state via the anomalous Hall effect. Pulse-width-dependent measurements over the wide range of 40 ps–500 ms revealed that thermal mechanisms dominate at long pulse widths, while in the few-tens-of-picoseconds regime the critical current density depends linearly on the inverse pulse width — confirming that the 40-ps switching originates from a non-thermal spin-torque mechanism. The team further demonstrated that a 60-picosecond photocurrent pulse, generated by feeding telecom-wavelength laser light into a uni-traveling-carrier photodiode (UTC-PD), can perform the same antiferromagnetic switching. This compatibility with standard optical communications wavelengths opens a direct path to integrating ultra-fast magnetic memory directly with optical interconnects, removing the energy bottleneck imposed by the electrical-to-optical-to-electrical conversion in today's data centers. Because the device is non-volatile (retains its state without power), the technology promises memory and logic combining DRAM-class speed, SRAM-class energy efficiency, and Flash-class data retention. Published in Science on 15 May 2026 (Japan time); joint press release from the University of Tokyo, JST, RIKEN, and Osaka University.
Source / 出典: 東京大学大学院工学系研究科 プレスリリース (2026-05-15)「超高速・超低省電力で動作する不揮発量子スイッチング素子 — 40ピコ秒動作、次世代コンピュータ・データセンター省エネへ」
Joint press release / 合同プレスリリース: JST共同発表 (2026-05-15) | 東京大学物理学専攻 | 東京大学物性研究所 | 理化学研究所
Press release PDF / プレスリリースPDF: UTokyo Engineering PDF (2026-05-15)
Journal / 掲載誌: Science (AAAS, 2026-05-15 オンライン版掲載)
Coverage / 報道: 日本経済新聞 (2026-05-15)
Related keywords: antiferromagnet, 反強磁性体, topological antiferromagnet, トポロジカル反強磁性体, chiral antiferromagnet, カイラル反強磁性体, Mn3Sn, picosecond switching, ピコ秒スイッチング, 40 picosecond, 40ピコ秒, spin-orbit torque, スピン軌道トルク, SOT, spintronics, スピントロニクス, antiferromagnetic spintronics, 反強磁性スピントロニクス, non-volatile memory, 不揮発メモリ, 不揮発量子スイッチング素子, MRAM, magnetoresistive RAM, ultra-fast memory, 超高速メモリ, energy-efficient computing, 省電力コンピューティング, data center energy efficiency, データセンター省エネ, photocurrent switching, 光電流スイッチング, uni-traveling-carrier photodiode, UTC-PD, 単一走行キャリアフォトダイオード, anomalous Hall effect, 異常ホール効果, Néel vector, ネール秩序, angular momentum transfer, 角運動量移行, athermal switching, 熱に依らないスイッチング, telecom-wavelength laser, 通信波長帯レーザー, optical interconnect, 光配線, オプティカルインターコネクト, next-generation memory, 次世代メモリ, Science journal, Science誌, AAAS, University of Tokyo, 東京大学, Satoru Nakatsuji, 中辻知, Hanshen Tsai, Ryotaro Arita, 有田亮太郎, Mitsuru Takenaka, 竹中充, Shinji Miwa, 三輪真嗣, Kohta Kondou, 近藤浩太, ISSP, 物性研究所, RIKEN CEMS, 創発物性科学研究センター, Osaka University, 大阪大学, JST, condensed matter physics, 凝縮系物理学, 物理学, physics
A frontier of condensed-matter physics is whether the properties of a material can be controlled not by light you shine on it, but by the vacuum fluctuations of an electromagnetic cavity placed around it — the residual "jitter" of the field even when no photons are present. A team led by Jérôme Faist at ETH Zurich (Lorenzo Graziotto, Josefine Enkner, Giacomo Scalari, with theory by Eugene Demler) demonstrates exactly this for a high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas in a strong magnetic field.
When the field is tuned between quantized Hall plateaus and the sample is cooled below about 200 mK, the electrons can organize into quantum Hall "stripes" — a charge-density-wave pattern that normally points in random directions. Placing the gas inside an anisotropic cavity, the polarized vacuum fluctuations exert a kind of Casimir torque that aligns the stripes, producing strongly anisotropic transport and suppressing the longitudinal resistance to well below its zero-magnetic-field value. It is a clean demonstration that cavity vacuum fields can steer a correlated electronic phase at equilibrium — a new "knob," akin to moiré engineering, for designing quantum materials. Published in Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03287-3.
Source / 出典: Phys.org「Engineering quantum Hall stripes in 2D materials inside electromagnetic cavities」
Journal article / 論文: L. Graziotto, J. Enkner, … J. Faist et al. "Cavity quantum electrodynamics control of quantum Hall stripes," Nature Physics (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03287-3
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2502.15490
Keywords: cavity quantum electrodynamics, 空洞量子電気力学, cavity QED, vacuum fluctuations, 真空ゆらぎ, quantum Hall effect, 量子ホール効果, quantum Hall stripes, 量子ホールストライプ, charge density wave, 電荷密度波, two-dimensional electron gas, 2次元電子ガス, Casimir torque, カシミール・トルク, anisotropic transport, 異方的輸送, vacuum-field engineering, 真空場工学, ETH Zurich, Jerome Faist, Nature Physics, 凝縮系物理学, 物理学, physics
Correlated and entangled photon pairs — a foundational resource in quantum optics — are normally produced by pumping a nonlinear crystal with a stable, coherent laser (spontaneous parametric down-conversion, SPDC). A team led by Wuhong Zhang and Lixiang Chen at Xiamen University has now driven SPDC using ordinary sunlight as the sole pump, and used the resulting pairs for quantum "ghost imaging."
An automatic sun-tracker (like an equatorial telescope mount) fed collected sunlight through a 20 m multimode fibre into a dark laboratory, where it pumped a periodically poled KTP (PPKTP) crystal. Despite sunlight's fluctuating intensity, the photon pairs showed strong position correlations and reconstructed ghost images at 90.7% visibility (versus 95.5% for a 405 nm laser at the same pump power). Because it removes the laser requirement that has confined the technique to the lab since 1995, the approach could suit space-based or remote quantum imaging. Published in Advanced Photonics 8(3), 036011 (2026), DOI: 10.1117/1.AP.8.3.036011 (Gold Open Access).
Source / 出典: EurekAlert! / SPIE (2026-05-15)「Sunlight-powered generation of correlated photon pairs」
Journal article / 論文: Y. Xing, D. Xu, Y. Li, R. Chen, W. Zhang & L. Chen, "Sunlight-excited spontaneous parametric down-conversion for ghost imaging," Adv. Photon. 8(3), 036011 (2026). DOI: 10.1117/1.AP.8.3.036011
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org
Keywords: ghost imaging, ゴーストイメージング, quantum imaging, 量子イメージング, correlated photon pairs, 相関光子対, entangled photons, もつれ光子, SPDC, 自発パラメトリック下方変換, sunlight, 太陽光, nonlinear crystal, 非線形結晶, PPKTP, quantum optics, 量子光学, Xiamen University, 厦門大学, Advanced Photonics, 物理学, physics
More than a century after their discovery in 1912, the origin of cosmic rays — the most energetic particles observed in nature — remains an open question. The DAMPE (Dark Matter Particle Explorer) satellite, launched in 2015 with major contributions from the University of Geneva's Department of Nuclear and Particle Physics, has now uncovered a shared feature in the energy spectra of primary cosmic-ray nuclei ranging from lightweight protons to heavy iron.
For every nucleus studied, the particle flux begins dropping much faster beyond a certain threshold — a "spectral softening" that appears universally at a magnetic rigidity of about 15 teravolts (TV). Crucially, the break scales with the particles' electric charge, not their mass: the mass-dependent alternative is excluded with a confidence greater than 99.999%. This places strong new constraints on how astrophysical sources such as supernova remnants accelerate particles and on how cosmic rays propagate through the Galaxy. Published in Nature 653, 52–55 (29 April 2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10472-0; widely covered in mid-May 2026.
Source / 出典: Phys.org / University of Geneva「DAMPE satellite reveals cosmic rays share spectral break near 15 teravolts」
Journal article / 論文: The DAMPE Collaboration, "Charge-dependent spectral softenings of primary cosmic rays below the knee," Nature 653, 52–55 (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10472-0
Coverage / 報道: ScienceDaily (2026-05-14)
Keywords: cosmic rays, 宇宙線, DAMPE, Dark Matter Particle Explorer, 悟空, spectral softening, スペクトル軟化, rigidity, 磁気剛性, 15 TV, knee, ニー, proton, 陽子, iron nuclei, 鉄原子核, particle acceleration, 粒子加速, supernova remnant, 超新星残骸, cosmic-ray propagation, 宇宙線伝播, University of Geneva, ジュネーブ大学, Nature, 天体物理学, astroparticle physics, 物理学, physics
Assistant Professor Satoshi Yoshida, Dr. Jisho Miyazaki, and Professor Mio Murao at the Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo (Murao group; Murao also at UTokyo's Trans-scale Quantum Science Institute, Miyazaki also at Ritsumeikan University BKC) have proved rigorously for the first time that a quantum memory offers a provable asymptotic performance advantage over any classical memory for the task of storing and retrieving an unknown quantum operation (channel). The result establishes a foundational gap between "measure-the-channel-and-remember-the-result" approaches and genuine quantum strategies. The paper was selected as an Editor's Suggestion in Physical Review Letters.
The team focused on isometry channels — operations that embed a smaller quantum state into a larger one, representing the generic information-encoding step in quantum information processing. For the classical strategy, where one estimates the channel from n queries and stores the estimate as classical bits, they derived analytically the optimal fidelity F = 1 − d(D − d)/n + O(n⁻²), revealing that the classical accuracy is bounded by a standard quantum limit. In contrast, they constructed a quantum strategy based on port-based teleportation that stores the channel directly into a program quantum state using only O(√n) queries — a quadratic improvement. Concretely, where a classical scheme requires roughly 100 queries to reach a target precision, the quantum scheme reaches the same precision with about 10. The approach also yields tighter program-cost bounds for general quantum channels, improving on prior results.
This is significant because, while quantum advantage has been intensely studied for computation, the foundational question of when quantum memory beats classical memory for storing operations themselves remained open, because optimising over all possible classical estimators is analytically intractable. By solving the isometry case in closed form, the paper provides the first rigorous benchmark and establishes a theoretical basis for the practical advantage of quantum memory. The result is expected to guide the design of more efficient quantum computers, quantum repeaters, secure quantum communication, and verifiable quantum protocols. Published in Physical Review Letters 136, 190601 on 13 May 2026 (DOI: 10.1103/fdvq-9m8m) as Editor's Suggestion; UTokyo Faculty of Science press release 14 May 2026.
UTokyo press release / 東大プレスリリース: 東京大学大学院理学系研究科・理学部 (2026-05-14, 日本語) | English version
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2507.10784
PRL Highlights / PRLハイライト: Physical Review Letters Highlights
Coverage / 報道: マイナビニュース TECH+ (2026-05-19)「東大、量子演算の保存・再生には『量子メモリ』が古典より優位と証明」
Related keywords: quantum memory, 量子メモリ, classical memory, 古典メモリ, quantum advantage, 量子優位, 量子アドバンテージ, storage and retrieval, 量子演算の保存, 量子演算の再生, isometry channel, アイソメトリチャネル, isometry operation, アイソメトリ演算, port-based teleportation, ポートベース量子テレポーテーション, quantum teleportation, 量子テレポーテーション, program state, プログラム状態, quadratic speedup, 2次の速度向上, standard quantum limit, 標準量子限界, query complexity, クエリ計算量, quantum channel estimation, 量子チャネル推定, quantum information theory, 量子情報理論, quantum information processing, 量子情報処理, quantum protocols, 量子プロトコル, quantum repeater, 量子中継器, quantum cryptography, 量子暗号, secure quantum communication, 安全な量子通信, verifiable quantum protocol, 検証可能な量子プロトコル, fidelity, 忠実度, asymptotic analysis, 漸近解析, Physical Review Letters, APS, American Physical Society, University of Tokyo, 東京大学, Satoshi Yoshida, 吉田悟士, Jisho Miyazaki, 宮崎自勝, Mio Murao, 村尾美緒, Trans-scale Quantum Science Institute, トランススケール量子科学研究機構, quantum computing, 量子コンピュータ, 物理学, physics
Using a "bootstrap" approach — starting from assumptions believed true and seeing what theory must follow — physicists argue that string theory emerges inevitably from a few minimal conditions on particle scattering, without assuming strings to begin with. Clifford Cheung (Caltech), Grant N. Remmen (NYU), Francesco Sciotti (IFAE / Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona) and Michele Tarquini (Caltech) require only that tree-level four-point amplitudes have prescribed vanishing residues plus "ultrasoft" high-energy behaviour.
They prove that the minimally consistent amplitudes are uniquely the Veneziano and Virasoro–Shapiro amplitudes of string theory — automatically reproducing the infinite tower of massive spinning particles (the "harmonics" of a string). "The strings just fell out," said Cheung. This is not experimental evidence, but it is theoretically suggestive: out of infinitely many a-priori possibilities, the assumptions single out strings — relevant to the search for a quantum theory of gravity and a unified description of physics. Caltech / NYU press releases 14 May 2026; arXiv:2508.09246; published in Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 251601, DOI: 10.1103/cw4p-cqh7.
Source / 出典: Caltech (2026-05-14)「String Theory Emerges from "Almost Nothing"」
Journal article / 論文: C. Cheung, G. N. Remmen, F. Sciotti & M. Tarquini, "Strings from Almost Nothing," Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 251601 (2026). DOI: 10.1103/cw4p-cqh7
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2508.09246
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | NYU News
Keywords: string theory, 弦理論, 超弦理論, theory of everything, 万物の理論, quantum gravity, 量子重力, bootstrap, ブートストラップ, scattering amplitudes, 散乱振幅, Veneziano amplitude, ヴェネツィアーノ振幅, Virasoro-Shapiro, unique, 一意性, Clifford Cheung, Grant Remmen, Caltech, NYU, IFAE, Physical Review Letters, 素粒子物理学, 数理物理学, physics
A team led by the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) — including the group of Pan Jianwei and Lu Chaoyang, together with Jiuzhang Quantum Technology — has reported Jiuzhang 4.0, a programmable photonic quantum processor that performs Gaussian boson sampling (GBS) at an unprecedented scale. The machine injects 1,024 high-efficiency squeezed states of light into a hybrid spatial–temporal-encoded circuit with 8,176 modes.
By reaching 92% source efficiency and 51% overall system efficiency, the processor registered samples with up to 3,050 detected photons — an order-of-magnitude jump over previous demonstrations and a direct attack on the photon-loss problem that has limited photonic quantum computing. The team estimates that its most complex sample takes about 25 microseconds to generate, whereas the world's fastest supercomputer would need more than 10⁴² years — a quantum-advantage margin of roughly 10⁵⁴. Beyond benchmarking, large-scale GBS can also generate bosonic error-correcting codes, a building block for fault-tolerant optical quantum computing. Published in Nature (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10523-6 (arXiv:2508.09092).
Journal article / 論文: H.-L. Liu et al., "Gaussian boson sampling with 1,024 squeezed states in 8,176 modes," Nature (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10523-6
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2508.09092「Robust quantum computational advantage with programmable 3050-photon Gaussian boson sampling」
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org「Prototype sets record for optical quantum information technology」
Keywords: Jiuzhang 4.0, 九章4.0, Gaussian boson sampling, ガウシアンボソンサンプリング, squeezed states, スクイーズド状態, photonic quantum computer, 光量子コンピュータ, quantum advantage, 量子超越, photon loss, 光子損失, USTC, 中国科学技術大学, Pan Jianwei, 潘建偉, Nature, 量子情報, 物理学, physics
The ATLAS Collaboration at CERN reported the first evidence of ZZγ production — the simultaneous creation of two neutral Z bosons together with a photon — at the Large Hadron Collider. Triboson processes are the rarest class of multi-boson production and are among the most sensitive tests of the Standard Model's electroweak sector: theoretical predictions are extremely precise, so even small discrepancies could point to new physics, and they offer unique sensitivity to quartic boson couplings.
Using the full LHC Run-2 proton–proton dataset (2015–2018), physicists selected events with two Z bosons each decaying into electron or muon pairs, plus an energetic photon — four charged leptons (4e, 2e2μ, or 4μ) and one photon, an extremely rare combination. Theory predicts only about seven signal events in the entire dataset with roughly one background event (mainly jets misidentified as photons). The analysis was performed "blinded"; after unblinding, eight events passed all criteria, spot on with the prediction. The statistical significance is 4.4 standard deviations — strong evidence, though still below the 5-sigma discovery threshold; Run-3 (2022–2026) and future High-Luminosity LHC data should enable a discovery and more detailed electroweak tests (arXiv:2602.17165).
Source / 出典: ATLAS Experiment / CERN Physics Briefing (2026-05-13)「A new trio: ATLAS finds first evidence of ZZγ production」
Preprint / プレプリント: ATLAS Collaboration, "Evidence of ZZγ production with the ATLAS detector," arXiv:2602.17165
Keywords: ZZγ production, ZZγ生成, triboson, トリボソン, Z boson, Zボソン, photon, 光子, electroweak sector, 電弱セクター, quartic gauge coupling, 4点ゲージ結合, Standard Model, 標準模型, ATLAS, LHC, CERN, Run 2, HL-LHC, particle physics, 素粒子物理学, 物理学, physics
Our Solar System is currently passing through the Local Interstellar Cloud (LIC), a region of dilute gas and dust between the stars. An international team led by Dominik Koll of the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), with Anton Wallner and colleagues at the Australian National University, the University of Bonn, the Alfred Wegener Institute and others, has now confirmed that Earth continuously accumulates iron-60 (⁶⁰Fe) — a radioactive isotope with a 2.6-million-year half-life forged only in massive stars and released by supernovae — while inside this cloud. The team analyzed 295 kg of Antarctic ice (EDML core, Kohnen Station) dated to 40,000–81,000 years ago, following their 2019 discovery of ⁶⁰Fe in fresh Antarctic snow.
Counting the atoms required the Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) at ANU — currently the only facility worldwide able to detect such tiny amounts ("like searching for a needle in 50,000 football stadiums filled with hay") — with cross-checks using beryllium-10 and aluminium-26. The key result: the ⁶⁰Fe deposition rate in the old ice was roughly five times lower than in more recent snow and marine sediments. This time variation rules out the alternative explanation of a smoothly fading remnant from supernovae millions of years ago, and instead matches the Solar System's entry into the LIC several tens of thousands of years ago — meaning the cloud itself stores supernova ⁶⁰Fe and Antarctic ice preserves an "interstellar fingerprint" of our galactic journey. The team next plans to analyze even older ice (Beyond EPICA, over 1.2 million years) from before the Solar System entered the cloud. Published in Physical Review Letters 136, 192701 (13 May 2026), DOI: 10.1103/nxjq-jwgp (open access); selected as an APS Physics Synopsis.
Journal article / 論文: D. Koll, A. Rolofs, F. Adolphi, … A. Wallner, "Local Interstellar Cloud Structure Imprinted in Antarctic Ice by Supernova ⁶⁰Fe," Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 192701 (2026). DOI: 10.1103/nxjq-jwgp
Coverage / 報道: APS Physics Synopsis (2026-05-13) | ScienceDaily
Keywords: iron-60, 鉄60, ⁶⁰Fe, supernova, 超新星, Local Interstellar Cloud, 局所星間雲, Antarctic ice core, 南極氷床コア, EDML, accelerator mass spectrometry, 加速器質量分析, HIAF, HZDR, nuclear astrophysics, 原子核宇宙物理学, radionuclide, 放射性核種, stardust, 星屑, Physical Review Letters, 天体物理学, astrophysics, 物理学, physics
An international team led by Josu C. Aurrekoetxea (Center for Theoretical Physics, MIT) with Soumen Roy (UCLouvain / Royal Observatory of Belgium, LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA member), Rodrigo Vicente (GRAPPA, University of Amsterdam), Katy Clough (Queen Mary University of London) and Pedro G. Ferreira (University of Oxford) has applied, for the first time, a semi-analytic waveform model for binary black hole inspirals "dressed" with a light scalar-field dark-matter environment — validated against full numerical relativity simulations — to publicly released LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) data. Light scalar fields — including ultralight ("fuzzy") dark matter and axion-like particles — arise naturally in many beyond-Standard-Model scenarios and are some of the most compelling dark-matter candidates known.
The crucial physical effect is that a sufficiently dense scalar-field environment surrounding a binary black hole exchanges energy and angular momentum with the binary through dynamical friction and accretion, accelerating the inspiral and slightly distorting the emitted gravitational waveform — a tiny but characteristic deviation from the standard vacuum prediction of general relativity. By solving the coupled scalar–binary dynamics self-consistently (rather than using a static "dark-matter spike" frozen in place), the team obtained a waveform template suitable for use in a Bayesian analysis of the GWTC-3 LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA catalog.
Applying the model to the GWTC-3 events, the authors obtain physically meaningful upper limits on scalar-field environments around most compact binaries — i.e., most events are consistent with vacuum. However, two events stand out: GW190728 and GW190814 — for both of these, the vacuum (no-scalar) hypothesis lies outside the 95% credible region. When superradiance priors are additionally included, GW190728 (detected on 28 July 2019) shows tentative evidence for a scalar environment with a Bayes factor of ln 𝓑_vac^env ≈ 3.5; if confirmed by independent reanalysis, this would point to a new light scalar particle with mass ~10⁻¹² eV. The authors explicitly stress that this statistical significance is not yet at the threshold for a discovery — but the result establishes a methodologically clean way to probe dark matter at sub-AU scales, scales far smaller than any direct-detection experiment can access. As LVK collects more events through O4/O5 and next-generation observatories (Einstein Telescope, Cosmic Explorer, LISA) come online, the sensitivity of this gravitational-wave channel to dark matter is expected to improve dramatically. Published in Physical Review Letters 136, 191402 (12 May 2026); DOI: 10.1103/fv9z-zkxx; arXiv:2510.17967.
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2510.17967 (gr-qc)
MIT News / プレスリリース: MIT News (2026-05-12) "A new way to spot signs of dark matter" | MIT Department of Physics
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org (2026-05-12) | EurekAlert! (AAAS) | Space.com | Sci.News | ScienceDaily
Related keywords: dark matter, 暗黒物質, ダークマター, gravitational waves, 重力波, binary black hole, 連星ブラックホール, black hole merger, ブラックホール合体, LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA, LVK, GW190728, scalar field dark matter, スカラー場ダークマター, ultralight dark matter, 超軽量ダークマター, fuzzy dark matter, ファジィダークマター, axion-like particle, アクシオン様粒子, dark matter dress, ダークマタードレス, dark matter spike, ダークマタースパイク, dynamical friction, 動的摩擦, accretion, 降着, compact binary inspiral, インスパイラル, waveform model, 波形モデル, matched filter, マッチドフィルタ, observing run, O1, O2, O3, O4, Einstein Telescope, アインシュタイン望遠鏡, Cosmic Explorer, コズミック・エクスプローラ, LISA, レーザー干渉計宇宙アンテナ, Physical Review Letters, PRL, MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, マサチューセッツ工科大学, Center for Theoretical Physics, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Royal Observatory of Belgium, ベルギー王立天文台, University of Amsterdam, アムステルダム大学, GRAPPA, Queen Mary University of London, クイーン・メアリー・ロンドン大学, University of Oxford, オックスフォード大学, Josu Aurrekoetxea, Soumen Roy, Rodrigo Vicente, Katy Clough, Pedro Ferreira, general relativity, 一般相対性理論, beyond standard model, 標準模型を超えた物理, new physics, 新物理, 物理学, physics
A team led by physicists at the Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society (Berlin), with the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), has directly observed — and controlled — the transfer of angular momentum between two distinct lattice-vibration modes (phonons) inside a crystal, in real time. The vibrations of atoms can carry an intrinsic, spin-like rotation (phonon angular momentum); how that rotation flows and is conserved among modes had remained a more-than-century-old gap since the pioneering Einstein–de Haas and Barnett experiments.
The team chose a 15-nanometre-thin single-crystal film of the topological insulator bismuth selenide (Bi₂Se₃), whose threefold rotational symmetry is ideal. An intense circularly polarized terahertz pulse drove the atoms along circular paths in an infrared-active phonon mode; the crystal's intrinsic anharmonicity then coupled that spinning phonon, via rotational phonon–phonon Umklapp scattering, to a second mode oscillating at twice the frequency (about 4 THz). A second ultrashort probe pulse stroboscopically "photographed" the lattice motion. Strikingly, during the transfer the direction of rotation reverses — a consequence of the lattice's pseudo-angular-momentum conservation and rotational symmetry. The work opens "helical and chiral nonlinear phononics" as a selective handle for ultrafast control of spins, topology and magnetism in quantum materials, with relevance to demagnetization and qubit control. Published in Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03274-8 (arXiv:2503.11626).
Source / 出典: Phys.org (2026-05-12)「Atoms vibrate on circular paths—with an unexpected twist」
Journal article / 論文: "Direct observation of angular momentum transfer among crystal lattice modes," Nature Physics (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03274-8
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2503.11626
Keywords: phonon angular momentum, フォノン角運動量, chiral phonon, カイラルフォノン, nonlinear phononics, 非線形フォノニクス, Umklapp scattering, ウムクラップ散乱, terahertz, テラヘルツ, bismuth selenide, セレン化ビスマス, Bi2Se3, topological insulator, トポロジカル絶縁体, Einstein-de Haas, demagnetization, 脱磁, Fritz Haber Institute, HZDR, Nature Physics, condensed matter physics, 凝縮系物理学, 物理学, physics
The cosmic web is the Universe's skeleton-like framework: filaments and sheets of dark matter and gas surrounding vast, near-empty voids, linking galaxies across enormous distances. Using COSMOS-Web — the largest JWST survey to date — an international team led by the University of California, Riverside (Hossein Hatamnia and Bahram Mobasher) produced the most detailed map of this structure yet.
The map places 164,000 galaxies across roughly 13.7 billion years of cosmic history, tracing large-scale structure back to when the Universe was only about one billion years old (redshift z ≈ 7) and revealing previously unseen filaments and clusters. The analysis pipeline, the galaxy catalogue and a video showing the cosmic web evolving over billions of years were released publicly. Collaborators span the US, Denmark, Chile, France, Finland, Switzerland, Japan, China, Germany and Italy. Published in The Astrophysical Journal (2026), DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ae5bac; press release 11–12 May 2026.
Source / 出典: UC Riverside News (2026-05-11)「Astronomers produce most detailed map of the cosmic web」
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org
Keywords: cosmic web, 宇宙網, コズミックウェブ, large-scale structure, 大規模構造, dark matter, ダークマター, filaments, フィラメント, voids, ボイド, COSMOS-Web, JWST, James Webb Space Telescope, ジェイムズ・ウェッブ宇宙望遠鏡, galaxy evolution, 銀河進化, redshift, 赤方偏移, UC Riverside, カリフォルニア大学リバーサイド校, The Astrophysical Journal, 宇宙論, 天体物理学, physics
Quantum tunnelling — a particle crossing a barrier it classically could not — normally becomes vanishingly weak as mass grows, so spatial superpositions of more than a single atom are hard to make. A team led by Bing Yang at the Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) trapped ultracold rubidium-87 atoms in a double-well optical superlattice and bound several of them together through on-site interactions.
When seven atoms bind into a cluster, they tunnel as a single composite object of about 608 atomic mass units through a barrier higher than their kinetic energy, generating a spatially separated Schrödinger-cat state with the two parts roughly 320 nm apart. Crucially, by tuning the interaction so that the exponential base of the tunnelling strength approaches unity, the team sharply slows the way tunnelling decays with mass — a scalable strategy. The group now aims beyond the current ~100-atom limit, and such massive superpositions could help probe where quantum mechanics meets gravity. Published in Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03281-9 (arXiv:2502.06246).
Source / 出典: Phys.org「The generation of massive Schrödinger cat states using ultracold atoms」
Journal article / 論文: "Scalable generation of massive Schrödinger cat states via quantum tunnelling," Nature Physics (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03281-9
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2502.06246
Keywords: Schrödinger cat state, シュレーディンガーの猫, macroscopic superposition, 巨視的重ね合わせ, quantum tunnelling, 量子トンネル効果, ultracold atoms, 極低温原子, optical lattice, 光格子, rubidium-87, atomic cluster, 原子クラスター, quantum metrology, 量子計測, quantum gravity, 量子重力, SUSTech, 南方科技大学, Nature Physics, 量子力学, 物理学, physics
Before NASA's Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope begins its Galactic Bulge Time-Domain Survey (GBTDS) — expected to find over a thousand wide-orbit exoplanets plus rogue planets, isolated neutron stars and black holes via gravitational microlensing — astronomers have used the Hubble Space Telescope to pre-image the same region. A team led by Sean K. Terry (University of Maryland / NASA Goddard) surveyed 1.1 square degrees toward the Milky Way's bulge with coordinated parallel imaging by Hubble's two wide-field cameras (WFC3 and ACS) in the F606W and F814W passbands, gathering more than 350 individual images across about 14 months (roughly 70% in HST Cycle 32 and 30% in Cycle 33).
The pay-off: microlensing events are fleeting alignments, and comparing Hubble's "before" images with Roman's later data will let astronomers disentangle the lensing star from the background source, measure their motions, and — crucially — convert planet-to-star mass ratios into absolute masses (e.g., confidently identifying a Saturn-mass planet orbiting a 0.8-solar-mass star). The field also contains many thousands of historical ground-based microlensing events, some detected over 20 years ago, whose sources and lenses can now be resolved. The Roman team is targeting launch as soon as early September 2026. Published 11 May 2026 in The Astrophysical Journal Letters 1003, L1, DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ae53e8.
Source / 出典: NASA「Hubble Survey Sets Up Roman's Future Look Near Milky Way's Center」
Journal article / 論文: S. K. Terry et al., "An HST Wide-field Survey of the Galactic Bulge: Overview, Strategy, and First Results," The Astrophysical Journal Letters 1003, L1 (2026). DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ae53e8
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org (2026-05-11)
Keywords: Hubble Space Telescope, ハッブル宇宙望遠鏡, Roman Space Telescope, ローマン宇宙望遠鏡, Galactic bulge, 銀河バルジ, Galactic Bulge Time-Domain Survey, GBTDS, gravitational microlensing, 重力マイクロレンズ, exoplanet, 系外惑星, rogue planet, 浮遊惑星, neutron star, 中性子星, black hole, ブラックホール, WFC3, ACS, proper motion, 固有運動, NASA, The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 天体物理学, astrophysics, 物理学, physics
In our three-dimensional world, every known particle is either a boson or a fermion, defined by what happens to the quantum state when two identical particles are exchanged. In lower dimensions this dichotomy breaks down: a third class, anyons — predicted since the 1970s and observed experimentally in two-dimensional semiconductor systems in 2020 — can interpolate continuously between the two. In two joint papers in Physical Review A, Raúl Hidalgo-Sacoto and Thomas Busch of the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) and D. Blume of the University of Oklahoma identify a one-dimensional system in which anyons can exist and work out their properties.
The papers establish the exchange statistics of two identical 1D anyons with short-range (zero-range) interactions, their scattering theory, and a mapping connecting bosonic-type and fermionic-type anyons, all governed by a statistics parameter α that can be dialled between 0 and 1. Crucially, they show that the anyonic character leaves a universal fingerprint in the momentum-distribution tail — an observable accessible with today's ultracold-atom experiments, where control over single particles has advanced rapidly. The papers were published in Phys. Rev. A 112(6) on 11 December 2025 (DOI: 10.1103/h2vs-ll9d and 10.1103/zf6z-2jjs); OIST announced the results in February 2026, and the work was featured again by ScienceDaily on 8 May 2026.
Source / 出典: OIST News「A new class of strange one-dimensional particles」
Journal articles / 論文: R. Hidalgo-Sacoto, T. Busch & D. Blume, "Two identical one-dimensional anyons with zero-range interactions: Exchange statistics, scattering theory, and anyon-anyon mapping," Phys. Rev. A 112(6) (2025). DOI: 10.1103/h2vs-ll9d | 同 "Universal momentum tail of identical one-dimensional anyons with two-body interactions," Phys. Rev. A 112(6) (2025). DOI: 10.1103/zf6z-2jjs
Coverage / 報道: ScienceDaily (2026-05-08)
Keywords: anyon, エニオン, exchange statistics, 交換統計, boson, ボソン, fermion, フェルミオン, fractional statistics, 分数統計, one-dimensional system, 1次元系, ultracold atoms, 極低温原子, momentum distribution, 運動量分布, quantum statistics, 量子統計, OIST, 沖縄科学技術大学院大学, University of Oklahoma, Physical Review A, quantum physics, 量子物理学, 物理学, physics
Thorium-229 has an extraordinarily low-lying nuclear excited state — the isomer ²²⁹ᵐTh, only about 8 eV above the ground state — which makes it the leading candidate for a nuclear clock far more stable than today's atomic clocks. Because that energy is comparable to valence-electron energies, the isomer's lifetime depends strongly on the atom's charge state, and for roughly a decade the singly charged ion's lifetime looked anomalously short compared with theory.
A team including Y. Shigekawa and A. Yamaguchi (RIKEN) produced ²²⁹ᵐTh⁺ through a charge-exchange reaction inside an ion trap and detected the isomers from the electrons emitted by internal conversion. They measured a half-life of 0.46(8) s, which differs by several orders of magnitude from the half-lives expected for internal conversion and radiative decay. The most natural explanation is the long-sought electronic-bridge decay — a higher-order process in which the nucleus de-excites via an electronic transition — providing the first indirect evidence for it and a route to control nuclear de-excitation in a future thorium clock. Published in Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03251-1; see also the accompanying News & Views, DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03310-7.
Source / 出典(解説): L. von der Wense, "Thorium-229 lifetime locked down," Nature Physics News & Views (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03310-7
Journal article / 論文: Y. Shigekawa, A. Yamaguchi et al., "Lifetime of the singly charged ²²⁹Th nuclear isomer," Nature Physics (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03251-1
Keywords: thorium-229, トリウム229, nuclear clock, 原子核時計, nuclear isomer, 原子核異性体, 229mTh, electronic bridge decay, 電子ブリッジ崩壊, internal conversion, 内部転換, ion trap, イオントラップ, half-life, 半減期, RIKEN, 理研, precision metrology, 精密計測, Nature Physics, 原子核物理, 物理学, physics
Superhydrides — hydrogen-rich compounds such as lanthanum hydrides, in which a metal atom sits inside a densely packed hydrogen lattice — currently hold the record for the highest critical temperatures at which signs of superconductivity have been observed, but only under pressures exceeding a million atmospheres inside diamond anvil cells. Because the samples measure just tens of micrometres, probing their atomic-scale physics has been exceptionally hard. An international team including the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) has now performed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy on lanthanum superhydrides under such extreme pressures for the first time.
The key is the use of Lenz lenses — microfabricated conductive ring elements placed on the diamond anvil — which concentrate the radio-frequency fields required for NMR precisely into the tiny sample volume. "With the use of Lenz lenses, we were able to amplify the high-frequency signal to such an extent that, for the first time, meaningful NMR data became accessible for superhydrides," explains Dr. Florian Bärtl of HZDR's Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HLD). The measurements give direct atomic-level information that complements earlier resistance studies in pulsed high magnetic fields, and open a new window onto how these near-room-temperature superconductors work. Published in Advanced Science (2026), DOI: 10.1002/advs.202520701.
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org (2026-05-06) | EurekAlert! (2026-05-07)
Keywords: superhydride, 超水素化物, lanthanum hydride, ランタン水素化物, LaH10, high-temperature superconductivity, 高温超伝導, diamond anvil cell, ダイヤモンドアンビルセル, NMR, 核磁気共鳴, Lenz lens, レンツレンズ, high pressure physics, 高圧物理, megabar, メガバール, HZDR, Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratory, ドレスデン強磁場研究所, Advanced Science, condensed matter physics, 凝縮系物理学, 物理学, physics
Ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays strike Earth with energies far beyond any accelerator. The most extreme example, the "Amaterasu" particle (≈244 EeV, detected by the Telescope Array in Utah in 2021), appeared to arrive from the nearly empty Local Void with no obvious source — and even its identity (proton, light nucleus, or heavy nucleus) was unknown. A team led by Kohta Murase (Penn State), with B. T. Zhang (Yukawa Institute, Kyoto University) and collaborators at Virginia Tech, used detailed computations to test whether the answer lies in composition rather than a missing source.
Their calculations find that ultraheavy nuclei — heavier than iron — lose energy more slowly than protons or lighter nuclei while crossing the radiation fields of intergalactic space, letting them reach Earth at the most extreme energies. The most promising factories for such nuclei would be massive stars collapsing into black holes, strongly magnetized neutron stars, and binary neutron-star mergers (also gravitational-wave sources) that power gamma-ray bursts. If correct, next-generation observatories should measure a composition heavier than iron at the very highest energies. Published in Physical Review Letters (2026), DOI: 10.1103/221m-gvs3 (arXiv:2405.17409).
Source / 出典: Penn State / Kyoto University (2026-05-07)「Ultrahigh-energy cosmic messengers may carry ultraheavy secrets」
Journal article / 論文: B. T. Zhang, K. Murase, N. Ekanger, M. Bhattacharya & S. Horiuchi, "Ultraheavy Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic Rays," Phys. Rev. Lett. (2026). DOI: 10.1103/221m-gvs3
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2405.17409
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org
Keywords: ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays, 超高エネルギー宇宙線, Amaterasu particle, アマテラス粒子, ultraheavy nuclei, 超重核, cosmic ray composition, 宇宙線組成, Telescope Array, Local Void, ローカルボイド, gamma-ray burst, ガンマ線バースト, magnetar, neutron star merger, 中性子星合体, Kohta Murase, 村瀬孔大, Penn State, Physical Review Letters, 宇宙線物理, 物理学, physics
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), at the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility, will fire the world's most intense neutrino beam 800 miles (≈1,300 km) from Fermilab in Illinois to detectors a mile underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in South Dakota, to study how neutrinos change type and why the universe is made of matter rather than antimatter. On 7 May 2026, officials from the U.S. Department of Energy, members of Congress, and the leaders of Fermilab, SURF and CERN gathered in Lead, South Dakota — signing the beams — to mark a major construction milestone.
The event began the lowering of about 10 million pounds of structural steel (≈4,500 tonnes) a mile underground to form the support structures for DUNE's massive far-detector modules. The steel is an in-kind contribution from CERN — its first investment in infrastructure for an experiment outside Europe. "Today represents the start of a pivotal phase for DUNE," said Fermilab Director Norbert Holtkamp. With underground installation now under way, Fermilab's priority is to deliver the first neutrino beam to DUNE by 2031. The collaboration spans more than 1,500 scientists worldwide.
Source / 出典: Fermilab News (2026-05-07)「Fermilab marks major milestone for world-leading DUNE experiment」
Coverage / 報道: EurekAlert! (SURF, Fermilab, CERN) | South Dakota Public Broadcasting
Keywords: DUNE, Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment, 深地下ニュートリノ実験, LBNF, Fermilab, フェルミ研究所, SURF, Sanford Underground Research Facility, CERN, neutrino oscillation, ニュートリノ振動, far detector, 遠方検出器, long-baseline, 長基線, matter-antimatter asymmetry, 物質反物質非対称, 2031, 素粒子実験, ニュートリノ, 物理学, physics
Magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG) — two graphene sheets stacked with a ~1.1° twist — hosts ultra-flat electronic bands that give rise to superconductivity and a zoo of correlated phases. But the precise shape of those bands, once electron–electron interactions are switched on, had stayed hidden for lack of a high-resolution momentum-space probe. A team led by Shahal Ilani at the Weizmann Institute used the quantum twisting microscope (QTM) — an instrument that tunnels electrons between a sample and a graphene-tipped probe at a tunable twist — to directly image the interacting energy bands with unprecedented momentum and energy resolution.
Away from the magic angle the measured bands follow ordinary single-particle theory. At the magic angle, however, interactions completely transform them: the same band shows "light" (fast, itinerant) electrons at some momenta and "heavy" (slow, localized) electrons at others. On doping, the interplay of these light and heavy components drives bandwidth renormalization and Mott-like cascades. The result resolves a long-standing puzzle — the "dual nature" of MATBG's electrons — by showing it springs from electrons at different momenta within the same topological, heavy-fermion-like flat bands, and establishes the QTM as a powerful spectroscopic tool for quantum materials. Published in Nature 653, 68–75 (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10378-x.
Journal article / 論文: "Imaging the flat bands of magic-angle graphene reshaped by interactions," Nature 653, 68–75 (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10378-x
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2506.20738「The Interacting Energy Bands of Magic Angle Twisted Bilayer Graphene Revealed by the Quantum Twisting Microscope」
Keywords: magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene, 魔法角ねじれ二層グラフェン, MATBG, flat bands, フラットバンド, quantum twisting microscope, 量子ツイスト顕微鏡, QTM, electron interactions, 電子間相互作用, heavy fermion, 重い電子, topological flat band, トポロジカルフラットバンド, momentum-resolved spectroscopy, 運動量分解分光, moire, モアレ, Weizmann Institute, Shahal Ilani, Nature, 凝縮系物理学, 物理学, physics
In the 1940s Edward Purcell showed that placing an atom inside an electromagnetic resonator speeds up how fast it emits light — the Purcell effect, now a workhorse of quantum optics. Its acoustic analogue, in which an artificial atom in a solid relaxes by emitting phonons (quanta of sound) funnelled into a single engineered mechanical mode, had long been predicted but never cleanly observed. A team led by Marko Lončar at Harvard now reports the acoustic Purcell effect using a silicon-vacancy (SiV) colour centre — an atom-like spin qubit — embedded in a purpose-built diamond optomechanical crystal.
A co-localized optical mode lets the team read the colour centre with single-photon-level laser spectroscopy at millikelvin temperatures. When the spin qubit is tuned into resonance with the resonator's 12-GHz acoustic mode, its spin relaxation speeds up roughly tenfold, the signature of phonon emission being channelled into that single mode. The same colour centre also served as an atomic-scale probe of the structure's broadband phonon spectrum up to 28 GHz. Controlling spin–phonon coupling this way is a step toward phonon-based quantum networks, transducers and memories. Published in Nature (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10495-7.
Source / 出典: Quantum Computing Report「Observation of the Acoustic Purcell Effect in Diamond Nanostructures」
Journal article / 論文: S. Ding, C. Chia, … M. Lončar et al. "Purcell-enhanced spin–phonon coupling with a single colour centre," Nature (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10495-7
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2503.09946
Keywords: acoustic Purcell effect, 音響パーセル効果, Purcell effect, パーセル効果, spin-phonon coupling, スピン・フォノン結合, color center, カラーセンター, silicon vacancy, シリコン空孔, SiV, diamond, ダイヤモンド, nanomechanical resonator, 微小機械振動子, optomechanical crystal, オプトメカニカル結晶, phonon, フォノン, spin qubit, スピン量子ビット, Harvard, Marko Loncar, Nature, 量子光学, 物理学, physics
Scaling up spin-qubit processors needs not only high-fidelity gates but flexible connectivity — the ability to rearrange which qubits talk to which. Mobile qubits, physically shuttled across a chip, promise exactly that reconfigurability, much as trapped ions and optically tweezed atoms are moved in other platforms. Coherent shuttling of electron spins in silicon was shown recently, but a key open question remained: can you perform quantum gates directly on the moving spins? A team led by Lieven Vandersypen at QuTech / TU Delft (first author Y. Matsumoto) answers yes.
In a silicon device, the authors shuttle two electron-spin qubits and operate on them while in motion, demonstrating a two-qubit logic gate with about 99% fidelity and, crucially, quantum-state teleportation between qubits separated by 320 nm. Combining high-fidelity gates with on-chip transport means a processor could reconfigure its connectivity during operation, run different error-correcting codes on the same hardware, and dedicate regions to specific tasks such as measurement or entanglement generation. It is an important step toward scalable, reconfigurable silicon spin-qubit quantum computers. Published in Nature 653, 391–397 (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10423-9.
Journal article / 論文: Y. Matsumoto, M. De Smet, … L. M. K. Vandersypen et al. "Two-qubit logic and teleportation with mobile spin qubits in silicon," Nature 653, 391–397 (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10423-9
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2503.15434
Keywords: spin qubit, スピン量子ビット, silicon, シリコン, mobile qubit, モバイル量子ビット, spin shuttling, スピン・シャトリング, two-qubit gate, 2量子ビットゲート, quantum teleportation, 量子テレポーテーション, gate fidelity, ゲート忠実度, quantum dot, 量子ドット, reconfigurable connectivity, 再構成可能な結合, quantum error correction, 量子誤り訂正, QuTech, TU Delft, Vandersypen, Nature, 量子計算, 物理学, physics
Permanently shadowed regions near the lunar poles are prime candidates for hosting water ice, a critical resource for future exploration. A team led by Rishitosh K. Sinha (Physical Research Laboratory, with colleagues from India's lunar programme) analysed data from the Dual-Frequency Synthetic Aperture Radar (DFSAR) aboard India's Chandrayaan-2 orbiter, focusing on so-called "doubly shadowed" craters — locations shielded not only from direct sunlight but also from indirect, secondary illumination scattered off surrounding terrain, making them among the coldest and most sheltered spots on the Moon.
The radar polarimetry reveals scattering signatures consistent with ice buried beneath the surface in these doubly shadowed craters near the south pole. Because such sites are even better at trapping volatiles than ordinary permanently shadowed regions, they mark promising targets for future landers and resource prospecting — including follow-up missions in the Chandrayaan programme. As with all orbital radar detections, the evidence is indirect, and definitive confirmation awaits future in-situ exploration. Published in npj Space Exploration 2, 22 (6 May 2026), DOI: 10.1038/s44453-026-00038-9; the finding drew wide coverage in India in late May.
Journal article / 論文: R. K. Sinha, R. R. Bharti, K. Acharyya, S. K. Mishra, N. Srivastava & A. Bhardwaj, npj Space Exploration 2, 22 (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s44453-026-00038-9
Keywords: Moon, 月, lunar south pole, 月南極, water ice, 水氷, doubly shadowed craters, 二重影クレーター, permanently shadowed regions, 永久影, Chandrayaan-2, チャンドラヤーン2号, DFSAR, dual-frequency synthetic aperture radar, 二周波合成開口レーダー, ISRO, radar polarimetry, レーダー偏波, in-situ resource utilization, 資源探査, planetary science, 惑星科学, npj Space Exploration, 物理学, physics
The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) collaboration has, for the first time, detected ultra-high-energy (UHE) gamma rays — exceeding 100 TeV — from a gamma-ray binary: LS I +61° 303, a system in which a compact object orbits a massive star. Exploiting LHAASO's exceptional sensitivity and broad energy coverage, the team measured the source's energy spectrum up to about 200 TeV, confirming it as a UHE gamma-ray binary; in the KM2A array alone, 16 photon-like events above 100 TeV were identified against an estimated background of 5.1.
The collaboration also found that the gamma-ray flux varies with the system's ~26.5-day orbital period, and that this orbital modulation is energy dependent — a feature the authors interpret within a composite scenario in which leptonic and hadronic processes jointly contribute. The result provides critical evidence that gamma-ray binaries like LS I +61° 303 are potential "PeVatrons" — accelerators capable of pushing cosmic rays to PeV energies — imposing stringent new constraints on models of particle acceleration in extreme environments. Published in Physical Review Letters 136, 181001 (6 May 2026), DOI: 10.1103/7xhp-tff7 (arXiv:2510.23345); selected as an Editors' Suggestion and featured as a Physics Magazine Synopsis.
Journal article / 論文: LHAASO Collaboration, "First Detection of Ultrahigh Energy Emission from Gamma-Ray Binary LS I +61° 303," Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 181001 (2026). DOI: 10.1103/7xhp-tff7
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2510.23345
Keywords: LHAASO, gamma-ray binary, ガンマ線連星, LS I +61° 303, ultra-high-energy gamma rays, 超高エネルギーガンマ線, UHE, PeVatron, ペバトロン, cosmic ray, 宇宙線, particle acceleration, 粒子加速, orbital modulation, 軌道変調, KM2A, WCDA, compact object, コンパクト天体, Physical Review Letters, astroparticle physics, 宇宙素粒子物理学, 天体物理学, 物理学, physics
Neutron stars — city-sized stellar remnants packing more mass than the Sun — should be scattered throughout the Milky Way, but unless they shine as pulsars or in X-rays, most are effectively invisible. A study led by Zofia Kaczmarek (Heidelberg University), with co-author Peter McGill (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) and colleagues, shows that NASA's upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, scheduled for launch in 2026, could find them anyway — through astrometric microlensing. When a neutron star passes in front of a background star, its gravity briefly brightens the star (photometry) and shifts its apparent position (astrometry); Roman's Galactic Bulge Time Domain Survey will monitor a ~1.7-square-degree field at a 12-minute cadence over six ~70-day seasons with ~10-millimagnitude photometric and ~1-milliarcsecond astrometric precision, enough to measure both effects.
Using dedicated Galactic models with four simulated neutron-star populations (Maxwellian natal-kick velocities of 150–450 km/s), the team found Roman could detect and characterize dozens of isolated neutron stars — the first large sample discovered through gravity alone — with direct mass measurements that photometry alone cannot deliver, and even identified a feature in the event-timescale–Einstein-radius plane that uniquely tags neutron-star lenses and is sensitive to the natal kicks they receive at birth in supernovae. Notably, this capability "wasn't part of the original plan": Roman's microlensing survey was designed for exoplanets, and the astrometric channel adds a whole new kind of science. Published in Astronomy & Astrophysics 707, A264 (2026), DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202558238 (arXiv:2601.10789).
Source / 出典: NASA「NASA's Roman Poised to Transform Hunt for Elusive Neutron Stars」
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org (2026-05-06)
Keywords: neutron star, 中性子星, isolated neutron star, 孤立中性子星, astrometric microlensing, 位置天文マイクロレンズ, gravitational microlensing, 重力マイクロレンズ, Roman Space Telescope, ローマン宇宙望遠鏡, Galactic Bulge Time Domain Survey, GBTDS, natal kick, 誕生時キック, mass measurement, 質量測定, compact object, コンパクト天体, NASA, Heidelberg University, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 天体物理学, astrophysics, 物理学, physics
Many quantum algorithms only beat classical ones if they can load classical data into the quantum computer quickly and coherently — a job for a quantum random-access memory (QRAM), which despite many proposals had seen few experimental realizations. A team led by Zhejiang University (F. Shen et al.) implemented a circuit-based bucket-brigade QRAM on a programmable superconducting quantum processor, mapping a binary tree of quantum routers onto a 2D grid of qubits.
Using an efficient gate-decomposition scheme — which shortens the circuit compared with the usual controlled-SWAP approach — plus an error-mitigation method, they realized QRAMs addressing four and eight classical bits, reaching query fidelities of 0.809 ± 0.025 and 0.604 ± 0.005 respectively. They also studied how errors propagate and how the scheme scales, giving experimental evidence for the noise resilience of the bucket-brigade design. The work remains a proof of principle: scaling up will need higher gate fidelities, lower cross-talk and error correction. Published in Nature Physics (online March 2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03218-2; featured in a News & Views (5 May 2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03273-9.
Source / 出典(解説): "Quantum random access memory put to the test," Nature Physics News & Views 22, 651–652 (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03273-9
Journal article / 論文: F. Shen et al., "A bucket-brigade quantum random access memory," Nature Physics (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03218-2
Coverage / 報道: The Quantum Insider
Keywords: quantum random access memory, 量子ランダムアクセスメモリ, QRAM, qRAM, bucket-brigade architecture, バケツリレー方式, superconducting quantum processor, 超伝導量子プロセッサ, quantum routers, 量子ルーター, query fidelity, クエリ忠実度, data loading, データ読み込み, quantum algorithms, 量子アルゴリズム, Zhejiang University, 浙江大学, Nature Physics, 量子情報, 物理学, physics
A Japan-led team headed by Dr. Ko Arimatsu (National Astronomical Observatory of Japan / Ishigakijima Astronomical Observatory), with co-authors Fumi Yoshida, Tsutomu Hayamizu and others, has reported the first detection of an atmosphere around a trans-Neptunian object (TNO) other than Pluto. The target, (612533) 2002 XV93, is a "plutino" — a Kuiper-Belt body locked in the same 2:3 mean-motion resonance with Neptune as Pluto — with a radius of only about 250 km (diameter ~500 km), well below the size of dwarf planets such as Eris, Haumea, Makemake, and Quaoar, none of which has shown any detectable atmosphere in previous stellar-occultation searches (upper limits ~1–100 nanobar).
On 10 January 2024 the team conducted a coordinated stellar-occultation campaign as 2002 XV93 passed in front of a background star, using telescopes at Kyoto, Kiso, and Fukushima in Japan. The three light curves did not show the sharp dimming expected from a bare, airless body. Instead, they exhibited a smooth, gradual extinction — the unmistakable refractive signature of starlight bending through a thin gaseous envelope. Fitting the curves with a pure CH₄ (methane) atmosphere yields a best-fit surface pressure of about 124 nanobar, with a 100–200 nanobar range — roughly a hundred times thinner than Pluto's atmosphere, yet clearly above the upper limits set for any larger TNO.
This result challenges the standard volatile-retention picture, in which only the largest, gravitationally strongest TNOs are expected to hold gases against thermal escape. At 2002 XV93's size and temperature, any atmosphere should dissipate in less than ~1,000 years without continuous resupply, and recent James Webb Space Telescope observations have not detected the kind of widespread surface ices that could sublimate to feed it. The authors therefore favour two possibilities: (i) ongoing cryovolcanism delivering volatiles from a warmer interior, or (ii) a recent impact by a small icy body that liberated a transient atmosphere. If follow-up observations show the atmosphere fading over years to decades, the impact scenario is favoured; if it persists or varies seasonally, the cryovolcanic scenario is favoured. Either way, the discovery suggests that a non-trivial fraction of distant icy minor planets can host — at least transiently — atmospheres, and that the outer Solar System is geophysically far more active than previously assumed. The result has direct bearing on planetary formation theory, volatile transport in the Kuiper Belt, and the search for ongoing geological activity on small icy bodies. Published in Nature Astronomy, 4 May 2026.
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2605.02243
Coverage / 報道: Science News (2026-05-04) | CNN (2026-05-04) | Smithsonian Magazine (2026-05-08) | Sci.News
Related keywords: trans-Neptunian object, TNO, 太陽系外縁天体, plutino, プルーティノ, 2002 XV93, Kuiper Belt, カイパーベルト, stellar occultation, 恒星掩蔽, methane atmosphere, メタン大気, cryovolcanism, 氷火山, クライオボルカニズム, volatile retention, 揮発性物質保持, Pluto, 冥王星, dwarf planet, 準惑星, planetary formation, 惑星形成, outer Solar System, 外縁太陽系, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, NAOJ, 国立天文台, Ishigakijima Astronomical Observatory, 石垣島天文台, Ko Arimatsu, 有松亘, Nature Astronomy, refractive signature, 屈折シグネチャ, surface pressure, 表面気圧, nanobar, ナノバール, James Webb Space Telescope, JWST, ジェイムズ・ウェッブ宇宙望遠鏡, planetary atmosphere, 惑星大気, astrophysics, 天体物理学, planetary science, 惑星科学, 物理学, physics
A team at Aalto University's Low Temperature Laboratory (Department of Applied Physics), led by Academy Research Fellow Dr. Jere T. Mäkinen — with co-authors Petri J. Heikkinen, Samuli Autti, Vladislav V. Zavjalov, and Vladimir B. Eltsov (collaborators at Royal Holloway and Lancaster Universities) — has achieved the first connection of a time crystal to an external physical system. Time crystals, first proposed by 2004 Nobel Laureate Frank Wilczek in 2012, are an exotic phase of matter that spontaneously breaks continuous time-translation symmetry: their ground state moves in perpetual rhythm without consuming energy. Until now, every observed time crystal had to remain perfectly isolated, because any measurement or coupling to the outside world was expected to destroy its delicate motion. The Aalto team broke that barrier.
The researchers used radio waves to pump magnons — quasiparticles representing collective spin excitations — into a superfluid of helium-3 cooled to microkelvin temperatures, a small fraction of a degree above absolute zero. When the radio-wave pump was switched off, the magnons spontaneously self-organized into a continuous time crystal in the form of a magnon Bose-Einstein condensate. The crystal sustained itself for up to 10⁸ (one hundred million) oscillation cycles, lasting several minutes — orders of magnitude longer than typical quantum systems used in today's quantum computers — before fading below the detection threshold.
Crucially, the team showed that the time crystal's oscillation frequency couples to a macroscopic mechanical mode — the free surface waves of the surrounding superfluid — through the same equations that govern cavity optomechanics, the well-established framework used in gravitational-wave detectors such as LIGO. By reading out the mechanical mode rather than the crystal directly, the system can be probed and tuned without destroying the time-crystal state. "Perpetual motion is possible in the quantum realm so long as it is not disturbed by external energy input, such as by observing it. That is why a time crystal had never before been connected to any external system. But we did just that and showed, also for the first time, that you can adjust the crystal's properties using this method," says Mäkinen. The new platform — which the authors term time-crystal optomechanics — opens a path to ultra-precise quantum sensors, frequency-comb references for high-sensitivity measurements, and long-coherence memory systems for next-generation quantum computers. The work was performed using the facilities of OtaNano, Finland's national research infrastructure for nano-, micro-, and quantum technologies. Published in Nature Communications on 16 October 2025 and initially covered by Aalto University's press release, Phys.org, Optica/OPN, and Interesting Engineering in October–November 2025, with further coverage by SciTechDaily in March 2026 and major international re-coverage by ScienceDaily, ScienceSprings, and The Debrief in May 2026.
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2502.11730
University press release / 大学公式リリース: Aalto University (2025-10-16)
Coverage / 報道: ScienceDaily (2026-05-05) | Phys.org | SciTechDaily | Optica/OPN | Interesting Engineering
Related keywords: time crystal, 時間結晶, continuous time crystal, 連続時間結晶, time crystal optomechanics, 時間結晶オプトメカニクス, cavity optomechanics, 空洞オプトメカニクス, magnon, マグノン, magnon Bose-Einstein condensate, マグノン・ボース=アインシュタイン凝縮, magnon BEC, マグノンBEC, superfluid helium-3, 超流動ヘリウム3, He-3 superfluid, helium-3, ヘリウム3, microkelvin physics, マイクロケルビン物理学, low-temperature physics, 低温物理学, ultracold quantum gas, 極低温量子気体, quantum perpetual motion, 量子永久運動, perpetual motion in the quantum realm, time translation symmetry, 時間並進対称性, spontaneous symmetry breaking, 自発的対称性の破れ, non-equilibrium phase of matter, 非平衡物質相, quantum sensor, 量子センサー, quantum memory, 量子メモリ, quantum computing, 量子コンピュータ, frequency comb, 周波数コム, mechanical resonator, 機械的共振器, mechanical mode, 機械的モード, Aalto University, アールト大学, Low Temperature Laboratory, 低温研究室, OtaNano, Jere Mäkinen, Mäkinen, Frank Wilczek, フランク・ウィルチェック, Nature Communications, condensed matter physics, 凝縮系物理学, quantum physics, 量子物理学, fundamental physics, 基礎物理学, 物理学, physics
Magnons are quanta of spin waves — collective ripples in the magnetization of a magnetic solid, much like waves spreading across a pond. Because they live inside a solid and couple naturally to phonons, photons and qubits, and because their wavelengths can shrink to the nanometer scale, they are attractive building blocks for hybrid quantum systems and on-chip quantum information. Their great weakness has been a very short lifetime — a few hundred nanoseconds at most, far too brief for practical quantum operations. An international team led by Andrii Chumak at the University of Vienna has now extended that lifetime nearly a hundredfold, to as long as 18 microseconds.
The key was a new class of excitation — short-wavelength dipole-exchange magnons — driven in highly pure single-crystal yttrium iron garnet (YIG) spheres cooled to about 30 millikelvin. Short-wavelength magnons are inherently less sensitive to surface defects, which had previously capped magnon lifetimes. Strikingly, the team found the limit is set not by any fundamental law of physics but by material quality: even their least-pure sample beat all previous records, pointing to a clear path toward even longer-lived magnons. At 18 µs, magnon coherence rivals that of the transmon superconducting qubits in today's leading processors — raising the prospect of a programmable on-chip "quantum bus" linking many distant qubits, and of quantum computers as small as a 1-cent coin. Published in Science Advances (2026), DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aee2344.
Source / 出典: Physics World「New class of magnons live a hundred times longer」
Journal article / 論文: R. O. Serha, K. H. McAllister, … A. V. Chumak & D. A. Bozhko, "Ultralong-living magnons in the quantum limit," Science Advances (2026). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aee2344
Coverage / 報道: University of Vienna | Phys.org
Keywords: magnon, マグノン, spin wave, スピン波, magnon lifetime, マグノン寿命, dipole-exchange magnon, ダイポール交換マグノン, yttrium iron garnet, イットリウム鉄ガーネット, YIG, quantum magnonics, 量子マグノニクス, hybrid quantum system, ハイブリッド量子系, quantum bus, 量子バス, coherence, コヒーレンス, superconducting qubit, 超伝導量子ビット, Andrii Chumak, University of Vienna, 凝縮系物理学, condensed matter, 物理学, physics
Relaxor ferroelectrics have powered ultrasound imaging, microphones and sonar for decades. Their remarkable electromechanical properties are thought to arise from nanoscale regions of local electric polarization, yet this internal structure had stubbornly eluded direct measurement, forcing researchers to rely on incomplete models. A team led by James LeBeau at MIT (co-first authors Menglin Zhu and Michael Xu), with collaborators at the University of Pennsylvania, Rice University, KAIST and the University of Alabama at Birmingham, has now directly characterised the three-dimensional atomic structure of a relaxor ferroelectric for the first time.
Studying the workhorse alloy lead magnesium niobate–lead titanate (PMN-PT), the team applied multislice electron ptychography (MEP): a nanoscale electron probe is scanned across the sample and the overlapping diffraction patterns are algorithmically reconstructed into a 3D map of atomic positions and polarization. The data reveal a layered hierarchy of chemical and polar order — and show that the polar regions are significantly smaller than earlier simulations predicted, with chemical disorder that previous models had not fully accounted for. Feeding these observations back into molecular-dynamics models markedly improved their agreement with reality, providing a firmer foundation for designing next-generation sensing, memory and energy materials. Published in Science 392(6797), 519 (2026), DOI: 10.1126/science.ads6023.
Source / 出典: MIT News「The hidden structure behind a widely used class of materials」
Journal article / 論文: M. Zhu, M. Xu, …, J. M. LeBeau, "Bridging experiment and theory of relaxor ferroelectrics with multislice electron ptychography," Science 392(6797), 519 (2026). DOI: 10.1126/science.ads6023
Coverage / 報道: ScienceDaily (2026-05-04) | Phys.org (2026-04-30)
Keywords: relaxor ferroelectric, リラクサー強誘電体, PMN-PT, ニオブ酸マグネシウム鉛チタン酸鉛, polar nanoregions, 分極ナノ領域, electron ptychography, 電子タイコグラフィー, multislice electron ptychography, MEP, electron microscopy, 電子顕微鏡, piezoelectric, 圧電, ultrasound, 超音波, MIT, Science, materials physics, 物性物理学, condensed matter physics, 凝縮系物理学, 物理学, physics
Standard quantum mechanics contains two incompatible rules: smooth, deterministic evolution of the wavefunction, and the abrupt "collapse" that occurs upon measurement. Quantum collapse models resolve this tension by postulating that collapse happens spontaneously, without any observer — and some versions tie the mechanism to gravity. An FQxI-supported team led by PhD student Nicola Bortolotti (Enrico Fermi Research Centre, Rome), with Catalina Curceanu (INFN-LNF), Lajos Diósi (Wigner Research Centre / Eötvös Loránd University), Simone Manti and Kristian Piscicchia, asked a concrete question: if collapse is linked to gravity, what does that imply for time itself?
Examining the Diósi–Penrose model and, for the first time quantitatively, connecting the Continuous Spontaneous Localization (CSL) model to gravitational spacetime fluctuations, the team showed that if such models are correct, time must carry a tiny intrinsic uncertainty — a fundamental floor on how precise any clock can ever be. The predicted blur lies many orders of magnitude below what even the best atomic clocks can sense, so everyday timekeeping is untouched; but the result turns collapse models into concrete, in-principle testable statements at the interface of quantum mechanics and gravity. Published in Physical Review Research 7, 043166 (13 November 2025), DOI: 10.1103/p6tj-lg8l (arXiv:2504.06109); featured by ScienceDaily on 3 May 2026.
Source / 出典: ScienceDaily (2026-05-03)「Physicists just found a tiny flaw in time itself」
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2504.06109
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org / FQxI (2026-01)「A twitch in time?」
Keywords: quantum collapse models, 量子収縮モデル, wavefunction collapse, 波動関数の崩壊, measurement problem, 測定問題, Diósi-Penrose model, ディオシ・ペンローズ模型, Continuous Spontaneous Localization, CSL, 連続的自発局在化, quantum gravity, 量子重力, spacetime fluctuations, 時空ゆらぎ, clock precision, 時計の精度, atomic clock, 原子時計, time, 時間, quantum foundations, 量子基礎論, FQxI, Physical Review Research, 物理学, physics
Researchers at the University of Oxford (lead author Oana Băzăvan) have demonstrated, for the first time on any platform, "quadsqueezing" — a fourth-order generalized squeezing interaction — in a single trapped ion, alongside ordinary (second-order) squeezing and trisqueezing. Squeezing redistributes quantum uncertainty between conjugate variables (e.g. position and momentum); ordinary squeezed light already boosts the sensitivity of gravitational-wave detectors such as LIGO. Higher-order interactions generate richer, non-Gaussian quantum states useful for continuous-variable quantum computation, but they are usually far too weak to access directly.
Instead of driving a weak higher-order interaction head-on, the team combined two spin-dependent linear forces on the ion. Individually each is simple and linear, but applied together they amplify one another through non-commutativity (the order of quantum operations matters), implementing up to fourth-order nonlinear bosonic interactions mediated by the ion's spin. By tuning the frequencies, phases and strengths of the forces, the researchers selected which interaction appeared while suppressing unwanted terms, and confirmed the result by reconstructing the ion's motional quantum states — revealing the distinctive shapes of second-, third- and fourth-order squeezing. The quadsqueezing interaction was generated more than 100× faster than conventional methods. The approach builds on a 2021 theory by Raghavendra Srinivas and Robert Tyler Sutherland, with applications in quantum simulation, sensing and computing. Published in Nature Physics 22, 757–762 (2026), 1 May 2026, DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03222-6.
Journal article / 論文: O. Băzăvan et al. "Squeezing, trisqueezing and quadsqueezing in a hybrid oscillator–spin system," Nature Physics 22, 757–762 (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03222-6
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org (2026-05-01)
Keywords: quadsqueezing, クアッドスクイージング, squeezing, スクイージング, trisqueezing, トライスクイージング, trapped ion, イオントラップ, quantum harmonic oscillator, 量子調和振動子, non-Gaussian state, 非ガウス状態, continuous-variable quantum computing, 連続変数量子計算, non-commutativity, 非可換性, University of Oxford, オックスフォード大学, Nature Physics, quantum optics, 量子光学, 物理学, physics
Ian Powell, a physics lecturer at California Polytechnic State University (Cal Poly), with undergraduate researcher Louis Buchalter, has shown theoretically that periodically switching the magnetic flux threading a lattice on and off over time — a form of Floquet engineering (using periodic driving to shape quantum behaviour) — can reorganize a quantum system into unusual topological phases that have no static counterpart.
In conventional condensed-matter physics, a material's properties depend on what it is made of and how its atoms are arranged. This work argues that how a system is driven in time can be an equally powerful design knob: by flipping the flux between values in a controlled, time-periodic way, the authors find driven quantum phases — including topological ones — that simply do not exist in any static, unchanging material. Such periodically driven phases can be more robust against "noise" and imperfections, one of the central obstacles in quantum computing, making the approach relevant to error-resistant quantum computation and simulation. The result is a theoretical proposal, motivating future experimental work on periodically driven quantum matter. Published in Physical Review B (2026), 1 May 2026, DOI: 10.1103/c28t-x1dh (arXiv:2509.06897).
Source / 出典: Phys.org (2026-05-04)「Time-varying magnetic fields can engineer exotic quantum matter」
Journal article / 論文: I. E. Powell & L. Buchalter, "Flux-switching Floquet engineering," Phys. Rev. B (2026). DOI: 10.1103/c28t-x1dh
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2509.06897
Keywords: Floquet engineering, フロケ工学, flux switching, 磁束スイッチング, periodic driving, 周期駆動, topological phase, トポロジカル相, driven quantum matter, 駆動量子物質, magnetic flux, 磁束, qubit, 量子ビット, noise robustness, ノイズ耐性, Cal Poly, カリフォルニア州立工科大学, Physical Review B, condensed matter physics, 凝縮系物理学, 物理学, physics
A team led by the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) — with experimentation headed by Dr. Lingen Huang — has captured, step by step, how a solid is ionized into a hot, dense plasma. The work, carried out at the HED-HiBEF station of the European XFEL in Schenefeld near Hamburg, targets a very thin copper wire (about one-seventh the thickness of a human hair), which an intense optical pulse vaporizes into a plasma reaching several million degrees — conditions otherwise found only near neutron stars or in gamma-ray bursts, and central to inertial-confinement-fusion research.
The challenge is speed: ionization unfolds within picoseconds (trillionths of a second), so resolving it demands even shorter pulses — here two laser pulses of just 25 and 30 femtoseconds. The high-intensity optical laser ReLaX serves as the "pump" that ionizes the copper; the X-ray free-electron laser then acts as the "probe," its 8.2-keV photons tuned to resonantly interact with Cu²²⁺ ions (copper atoms stripped of 22 electrons). By scanning the pump–probe delay, the team built a frame-by-frame "movie": the number of Cu²²⁺ ions peaks about 2.5 ps after the laser hits and then disappears within roughly 10 ps as electrons recombine. The method offers improved diagnostics for laser-fusion research. Published in Nature Communications 17 (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-71429-5.
Source / 出典: ScienceDaily / HZDR (2026-05-01)「This laser turns metal into a star-like plasma in trillionths of a second」
Keywords: solid-density plasma, 固体密度プラズマ, ionization dynamics, 電離ダイナミクス, highly charged ions, 多価イオン, copper, 銅, Cu22+, X-ray free-electron laser, X線自由電子レーザー, XFEL, ReLaX, European XFEL, 欧州XFEL, HED-HiBEF, resonant X-ray absorption, 共鳴X線吸収, pump-probe, ポンプ・プローブ, femtosecond, フェムト秒, inertial confinement fusion, 慣性閉じ込め核融合, laser fusion, レーザー核融合, high energy density, 高エネルギー密度, HZDR, Lingen Huang, Nature Communications, plasma physics, プラズマ物理学, 物理学, physics
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