🔀 — Superconductivity "on/off switch" found in twisted bilayer graphene: the dielectric environment of a nearby strontium titanate (SrTiO₃) substrate tunes electron interactions and can suppress superconductivity entirely (Lau group, The Ohio State University, with Imdea Nanoscience & NIMS, Nature Physics) / ねじれ二層グラフェンで超伝導を「オン・オフ」できる手がかり——近接させたチタン酸ストロンチウム(SrTiO₃)基板の誘電環境で電子間相互作用を調整し、超伝導を弱めたり完全に消したりできることを発見(オハイオ州立大学・Lau研究室、Imdea Nanoscience・NIMS共同、Nature Physics掲載)
A team led by physics professor Chun Ning (Jeanie) Lau at The Ohio State University, working with Imdea Nanoscience (Spain) and the National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS, Japan), has shown that the superconductivity of twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) — two atom-thin carbon sheets stacked with a small relative twist — can be tuned and even completely switched off by engineering its dielectric environment. The devices were fabricated a few nanometres above a bulk strontium titanate (SrTiO₃) substrate, a perovskite with a very large, tunable dielectric constant.
By increasing the dielectric constant in situ, the team steadily suppressed the superconducting "dome" and, with further tuning, extinguished superconductivity altogether — while at larger twist angles the SrTiO₃ environment could enable a superconducting "pocket" even where correlated insulating states were absent. Unlike conventional phonon-mediated superconductors, the pairing in this moiré system is strongly governed by electron–electron interactions that are highly sensitive to nearby materials, giving researchers a new external "knob." The result points toward designing low-loss interconnects, adaptive quantum circuits and more robust superconducting elements. Published in Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03243-1.
🧭 — A quantum sensor to detect "altermagnets": a proposed diamond nitrogen-vacancy scheme would identify the elusive third class of magnet by how it relaxes a nearby spin defect (Marino group, University at Buffalo, with JGU Mainz & Max Planck, Phys. Rev. Lett.) / 新しい磁性「アルターマグネット」を見分ける量子センサー案——ダイヤモンド中の窒素‑空孔欠陥のスピン緩和の仕方から、強磁性体と反強磁性体の長所を併せ持つ「第3の磁石」を識別する理論手法を提案(バッファロー大学・Marino研究室、マインツ大・マックスプランク研共同、Physical Review Letters掲載)
For nearly a century there were two recognised kinds of magnet — ferromagnets and antiferromagnets. A third class identified in the last decade, dubbed altermagnets, may combine the best qualities of both and could enable faster, more energy-efficient electronics. Physicists at the University at Buffalo, led by corresponding author Jamir Marino, have proposed a quantum sensing scheme to make identifying altermagnets much simpler.
The theoretical technique measures how a suspected altermagnet disturbs a tiny magnetic defect — a nitrogen-vacancy centre — in a nearby diamond: the way the defect's magnetic signal relaxes would provide a fingerprint of altermagnetic order. Co-authors include Libor Šmejkal and Jairo Sinova (Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz), who first proposed altermagnets, and collaborators at the Max Planck Institutes and the University of Strasbourg. If realised experimentally, it could be a first building block for definitively confirming whether a candidate material truly is an altermagnet. Published in Physical Review Letters (2026), DOI: 10.1103/2ppn-kvjv (arXiv:2508.04788).
📷 — "Atom Camera": a single ultracold rubidium atom in an optical tweezer images the intensity and polarization of light below the diffraction limit (Tomita & Ohmori, Institute for Molecular Science, NINS, Nature Communications) / 1個の原子を“カメラ”に——光ピンセットで捕まえた極低温のルビジウム原子1個を走査し、光の強度分布と偏光分布を通常の光学顕微鏡の回折限界を超える解像度で可視化(自然科学研究機構・分子科学研究所、冨田隆文助教・大森賢治教授、Nature Communications掲載)
A group led by Assistant Professor Takafumi Tomita and Professor Kenji Ohmori at the Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences (Japan), has demonstrated an "Atom Camera" that uses a single ultracold rubidium atom held in an optical tweezer as a scanning probe to visualise the intensity and polarization distributions of light at the nanometre scale — beyond the diffraction limit of conventional optical microscopes.
By scanning the atom's position in sub-micrometre steps and measuring the light-induced energy shifts of its internal spin states, the team reconstructed both the intensity map of a microscopic optical lattice and a non-trivial polarization pattern. Crucially, near a tightly focused beam, linearly polarized light develops a hidden twist of circular polarization — an effect ordinary cameras cannot capture but the atom can sense, because circularly polarized light acts on its spin like an effective magnetic field. The resolution is limited only by the atom's positional uncertainty (~30 nm after ground-state cooling). The technique is a precise tool for designing and characterising the finely structured laser fields used to operate neutral-atom quantum computers. Published in Nature Communications, 29 May 2026 (arXiv:2410.03241).
Keywords: atom camera, アトムカメラ, single atom, 単一原子, optical tweezers, 光ピンセット, ultracold atom, 極低温原子, rubidium, ルビジウム
🧊 — IceCube finds a "break" in the cosmic neutrino spectrum: 14 years of data reject a single power law above 4σ, with a bend near 30 TeV (IceCube Collaboration, Phys. Rev. Lett.) / 宇宙ニュートリノのエネルギースペクトルは「一直線」ではなかった——IceCubeの14年分データが、約30 TeV付近での折れ曲がり(ブレーク)を示し、単一のべき乗則を4σ超で棄却(IceCube国際共同実験、Physical Review Letters掲載)
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory, a cubic kilometre of instrumented ice at the South Pole, has reported that the energy spectrum of astrophysical neutrinos is not a simple straight power law. Combining complementary neutrino samples in two independent analyses of more than a decade of data, the collaboration finds a harder spectrum below roughly 30 TeV than at higher energies, where a power law describes the data well.
A broken power law is the preferred description, with a log parabola also fitting better than a single power law; both analyses reject a single power law across the range 5 TeV to 10 PeV with a significance above 4σ. Because cosmic neutrinos are produced when high-energy cosmic rays collide with matter or radiation near sources such as active galactic nuclei, gamma-ray bursts and supernova remnants — and because they travel in straight lines, unbent by magnetic fields — the shape of the spectrum directly constrains what kinds of sources contribute. A break near 30 TeV, an energy comparable to LHC collisions, suggests a mixture of source populations rather than one dominant class. Published in Physical Review Letters 136, 121002 (26 March 2026); the result was widely covered in late May 2026. DOI: 10.1103/2gh9-d4q7 (arXiv:2507.22233).
Keywords: IceCube, アイスキューブ, astrophysical neutrino, 宇宙ニュートリノ, 天体ニュートリノ, spectral break, スペクトルの折れ曲がり, broken power law, べき乗則, 30 TeV
🌠 — The most energetic neutrino ever detected (KM3-230213A, ~220 PeV) may originate in blazars — jets of supermassive black holes pointed toward Earth (KM3NeT Collaboration, JCAP) / 史上最高エネルギー級のニュートリノ(KM3-230213A、約220 PeV)はブレーザー由来か——地球方向にジェットを向けた超大質量ブラックホールが発生源候補(KM3NeT国際共同実験、Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 掲載)※確定ではなく、さらなる観測データが必要
In February 2023 the KM3NeT/ARCA neutrino telescope, anchored deep in the Mediterranean Sea, recorded KM3-230213A — an ultra-high-energy cosmic neutrino of about 220 PeV, the most energetic ever detected and more than an order of magnitude above any previously observed high-energy neutrino. Its origin has been an open question that challenges existing models of particle acceleration.
A study by the KM3NeT Collaboration explores a blazar origin — blazars being supermassive black holes whose relativistic jets point almost directly at Earth. Using multi-messenger modelling software, the authors conclude that a population of blazars could produce a diffuse neutrino flux compatible with the KM3-230213A observation. The researchers stress this is not yet a confirmed identification: more observational data are needed, and tension with IceCube's non-detection at comparable energies remains to be resolved. Published in the Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2026/03/033 (arXiv:2511.13886).
KM3NeT国際共同実験による研究は、その起源としてブレーザー——相対論的ジェットをほぼ地球方向に向けた超大質量ブラックホール——の可能性を検討した。マルチメッセンジャー・モデリングのソフトウェアを用い、著者らは「ブレーザーの集団」がKM3-230213Aの観測と整合する拡散ニュートリノフラックスを生み出しうると結論づけている。ただし研究者らは、これが確定的な同定ではないことを強調する——さらなる観測データが必要であり、同程度のエネルギーでIceCubeが検出していないこととの整合性も今後の課題である。『Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics』(2026年)掲載、DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2026/03/033(arXiv:2511.13886)。
Keywords: ultra-high-energy neutrino, 超高エネルギーニュートリノ, KM3NeT, KM3-230213A, blazar, ブレーザー, active galactic nucleus, 活動銀河核, supermassive black hole, 超大質量ブラックホール
❄️ — Frost caught growing "in mid-air": suspended out-of-plane ice bridges slow frost propagation by over 80% (Miljkovic group, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Nature Physics) / 霜が「宙づり」で成長——液滴間の氷の橋が空中を渡ることで霜の広がりを80%以上抑制(イリノイ大学アーバナ・シャンペーン校・Miljkovic研究室、Nature Physics掲載)
At the microscopic scale, frost spreads when neighbouring supercooled water droplets connect through tiny "ice bridges", letting freezing propagate rapidly across a surface. For decades these bridges were assumed to crawl along the substrate. A team led by Nenad Miljkovic at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (first author Siyan Yang, with co-workers including Fuqiang Chu) used high-resolution optical microscopy with focal-plane-shift imaging to reveal a second, previously overlooked mode: suspended, out-of-plane ice bridges that grow through the air between droplets.
Which mode dominates is set by surface wettability: hydrophilic surfaces produce substrate-attached bridges, while superhydrophobic (water-repellent) surfaces favour suspended bridges above a contact-angle threshold of roughly 105°. The suspended bridges are thermally decoupled from the cold substrate, so they grow far more slowly; this local delay, accumulated across many droplets, suppresses overall frost spreading by more than 80% and was shown to hold from the droplet scale up to metre-sized heat exchangers. The work offers a route to better anti-frosting surfaces for heat pumps, refrigeration and aerospace. Published in Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03296-2.
🧱 — A never-before-stabilized "in-transition" phase of matter: shape-controlled silver nanocrystals freeze the elusive intermediate state between FCC and BCC crystal structures in a superlattice, with promising room-temperature quantum-optical properties (Chen group, Brown University, with Glotzer group, University of Michigan, Science) / 理論予測のみだった「遷移途中」の物質相を初めて安定化——形状を精密設計した銀ナノ結晶を積み上げた超格子で、金属の代表的な2つの結晶構造FCC(面心立方)とBCC(体心立方)の間の中間状態を凍結。室温で有望な量子光学特性も示す(ブラウン大学・Chen研究室、ミシガン大学・Glotzer研究室共同、Science掲載)
Researchers at Brown University (corresponding author: chemistry professor Ou Chen) and the University of Michigan (Sharon C. Glotzer's group) have stabilized a structural phase of matter that had been predicted theoretically but never before captured in a physical material: an "in-transition" intermediate state between two of nature's most common metallic crystal arrangements, the face-centered cubic (FCC) and body-centered cubic (BCC) structures.
Instead of atoms, the team used finely shape-controlled silver nanocrystals as building blocks — "a little bit like kids playing with LEGO blocks," as Chen puts it — and assembled them into superlattices that freeze the fleeting transitional structure in place. Molecular-dynamics simulations backed the experimental observations. Beyond clarifying how the FCC–BCC transformation proceeds, the new material exhibits extraordinary optical properties and promising quantum-optical behavior at room temperature, suggesting applications in quantum computing and sensing, and providing a general recipe for engineering new classes of materials from custom-shaped nanoparticles. Published in Science, 28 May 2026, DOI: 10.1126/science.ady6472.
ブラウン大学(責任著者:化学のOu Chen教授)とミシガン大学(Sharon C. Glotzer教授のグループ)の研究チームは、理論的には予測されていたものの物理的な材料としては一度も捉えられていなかった構造相——金属で最も一般的な2つの結晶配列である面心立方(FCC)構造と体心立方(BCC)構造の間の「遷移途中(in-transition)」の中間状態——を安定化することに成功した。
🕰️ — A quantum pendulum clock: a single three-level emitter acts as the "escapement" in an optomechanical system, beating the thermodynamic uncertainty relation and mapping the quantum-to-classical transition of timekeeping (Phys. Rev. A) / 「量子版の振り子時計」——光と機械振動子が結合した系で、3準位のエミッター1個が“脱進機(エスケープメント)”として働き、熱力学的不確定性関係(TUR)の限界を超える精度を実現。時計の量子→古典移行も追える(Physical Review A掲載)
In a grandfather clock, a swinging pendulum is kept going by the escapement, which converts the slow fall of the weights into discrete impulses and turns the hands. A research team has now built the quantum analogue on paper: an optomechanical system in which a mechanical oscillator plays the pendulum and a single emitter with three energy levels, coupled to an optical cavity, plays the escapement via Rabi oscillations. The clock is autonomous — it runs purely on time-independent, incoherent (thermal) resources, just as a real pendulum clock runs on the constant pull of its weights.
Two results stand out. First, because the clock is built around an oscillatory degree of freedom rather than purely stochastic jumps, it can violate the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR), which bounds how precise a classical Markovian clock can be for a given entropy production — making it more accurate than clocks that rely only on stochastic transitions. Second, as the number of emitters in the cavity is increased, fluctuations are suppressed and the dynamics become fully irreversible: the system smoothly approaches the behaviour of a macroscopic pendulum clock, giving a concrete model of the quantum-to-classical transition in timekeeping. Published in Physical Review A 113, 052427 (13 May 2026), DOI: 10.1103/hb36-7m2r (arXiv:2506.10666).
🍯 — Cobalt honeycombs as a cheap route to Kitaev quantum materials: ~4% Co doped into NaSbO₃ forms local CoO₆ honeycomb motifs with ferromagnetic-like order at 88 K (Li & Tanaka, SANKEN, The University of Osaka, Phys. Rev. Materials) / 「コバルトの蜂の巣」で量子計算材料を安価に——ハニカム構造をもつアンチモン酸ナトリウム(NaSbO₃)に約4%のコバルトを添加し、局所的なCoO₆ハニカムモチーフを安定化。88 Kで強磁性的な秩序を発見(大阪大学産業科学研究所(SANKEN)、Hao-Bo Li・田中秀和ら、Physical Review Materials掲載)
Kitaev materials — candidates for hosting exotic quantum spin liquids, in which spins keep flipping even at the lowest temperatures because they cannot satisfy all their neighbours at once — have so far relied on rare and expensive metals such as ruthenium and iridium. Researchers at SANKEN, The University of Osaka and collaborating institutions asked whether cobalt, one of the most common transition metals on Earth, could be persuaded into the same honeycomb geometry.
The team added about 4% cobalt to sodium antimonate (NaSbO₃), a compound that already has a layered honeycomb structure, and grew it as a thin film. The cobalt ions organised into local CoO₆ honeycomb motifs embedded inside the larger honeycomb matrix — edge-sharing octahedra of exactly the kind Kitaev physics calls for. Magnetic characterisation revealed a ferromagnetic-like ordering appearing near 88 K, arising from the local cobalt arrangement, while the coupling between layers is antiferromagnetic. Because the host is an oxide thin film, the approach is also compatible with semiconductor processing. Published in Physical Review Materials 10, 054418 (22 May 2026), DOI: 10.1103/54cx-6r5s.
🌀 — Electron matter waves with "internal torque": shaped electron wave packets whose handedness flips in femtoseconds offer a way to probe and control rotation at the atomic scale, where laser light cannot reach (Fang, Kuttruff & Baum, University of Konstanz, Nature Physics) / 「内部トルク」を持つ電子の物質波——電子顕微鏡内で整形した電子波束のキラリティ(左巻き・右巻き)がフェムト秒で反転。レーザー光では届かない原子スケールの回転運動を、調べたり制御したりできる可能性(コンスタンツ大学・Fang・Kuttruff・Baum、Nature Physics掲載)
Angular momentum and torque matter across physics, from elementary particles to gyroscopes and astrophysical objects, but probing or steering rotation inside atoms requires torque on femtosecond timescales and picometre length scales — far beyond what laser light can deliver. A team at the University of Konstanz (Y. Fang, J. Kuttruff and senior author Peter Baum) has now shaped free electrons in an electron microscope into wave packets carrying a time-dependent chirality and an internal torque.
The electron beam is crossed with chiral laser light, so that multiple helical-photon absorptions create discrete energy sidebands and correlate each electron's orbital angular momentum with its kinetic energy. Dispersion arising from the electron's rest mass then turns every single electron into a wave function with internal torque — under the team's control, a left-handed matter wave becomes right-handed within femtoseconds. Because the torque acts at picometre scales, such structured electrons could become a tool for studying and manipulating angular momentum and chirality on atomic and sub-atomic scales. Published in Nature Physics 22, 838–843 (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03308-1 (arXiv:2412.10076).
Keywords: electron matter waves, 電子の物質波, internal torque, 内部トルク, orbital angular momentum, 軌道角運動量, chirality, キラリティ, ultrafast electron microscopy, 超高速電子顕微鏡
🪞 — Antimatter "mirror" sharpened 100-fold: ALPHA measures antihydrogen's ground-state hyperfine splitting to 4 ppm — now sensitive to the antiproton's internal structure, and still matching hydrogen (ALPHA Collaboration, CERN, Nature) / 反物質の「鏡」を100倍精密に——CERN・ALPHA実験が反水素の基底状態超微細構造分裂を4 ppmで測定。反陽子の内部構造に感度が届く精度に到達しつつ水素と一致(CERN・ALPHA国際共同実験、Nature掲載)
Antihydrogen — a positron bound to an antiproton — is the only pure anti-atom ever made, and comparing it precisely with ordinary hydrogen is a sharp test of CPT symmetry, the deep requirement that matter and antimatter obey mirror-image laws. The ALPHA Collaboration at CERN reports a measurement of antihydrogen's ground-state hyperfine splitting — the tiny energy difference set by the relative orientation of the positron and antiproton spins — at 4 parts per million (ppm), a roughly 100-fold (two orders of magnitude) improvement over the collaboration's 2017 result.
From microwave spectroscopy of about 24,000 trapped anti-atoms (accumulated in samples of roughly 1,500 at a time), the team found a1S/h ≈ 1,420,404.8 ± 1.1 (stat.) ± 5.6 (sys.) kHz in a 1-tesla field, fully consistent with hydrogen. Crucially, at this precision the result becomes sensitive to the internal structure of the antiproton — which contributes at about 40 ppm — approaching the limit of current theory. Any future discrepancy with hydrogen would point to new physics and could bear on why the Universe is made of matter. Published in Nature 653, 1022–1026 (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10556-x.
🎲 — First experimental device-independent randomness amplification: superconducting qubits turn a weak, partly predictable random source into virtually perfect random bits, certified by a loophole-free Bell test (Kulikov, Renner & Wallraff et al., ETH Zurich, Nature) / 装置に依存しない「ランダムさの増幅」を世界で初実証——超伝導量子ビットを用い、弱く偏った乱数源から、ハードウェアを信用せずループホールのないベル検定で保証された“ほぼ完全な乱数”を生成(チューリッヒ工科大学・Kulikov/Renner/Wallraffら、Nature掲載)
A team at ETH Zurich — first author Anatoly Kulikov, led by Renato Renner and Andreas Wallraff — has reported the first experimental demonstration of device-independent randomness amplification. The protocol takes a source of "weak" randomness (bits that are biased and partly predictable, even to an adversary) and distills from it output bits that are certifiably almost perfectly random. Crucially, the guarantee is device-independent: it rests on the statistics of a loophole-free Bell test, not on any assumption about how the hardware works internally.
The experiment runs on two superconducting transmon qubits, each held in its own dilution refrigerator at about 15 millikelvin, with the two cryostats separated by roughly 30 metres and joined by a cryogenically cooled microwave link. A single microwave photon travelling between the nodes entangles the qubits; the 30 m separation is large enough that, given the measurement timing, no signal could pass between the nodes to coordinate the outcomes — closing the locality loophole. The hard part was meeting two demands at once: a high Bell-inequality violation and a high repetition rate, both required by realistic randomness-amplification protocols. Since randomness amplification has been proven impossible by purely classical means, the result is a clean demonstration of a genuine quantum advantage, with direct relevance to cryptographic key generation. Published in Nature (online 27 May 2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10521-8.
📡 — Energy transfer without "spilling" light, over millimetres: bound states in the continuum in arrays of gold nanorods extend non-radiative dipole–dipole transfer far beyond the usual nanometre limit (Holman et al., Eindhoven University of Technology, Science Advances) / 光や熱として「こぼさず」にエネルギーを数ミリメートル運ぶ——金ナノロッドの振動を利用した連続体中の束縛状態(BIC)により、通常はナノメートル止まりの非放射的な双極子‑双極子エネルギー移動を桁違いに長距離化(アイントホーフェン工科大学、Holmanら、Science Advances掲載)
Non-radiative energy transfer between two molecules — the mechanism behind FRET, used everywhere from photosynthesis research to biosensors — normally works only over a few nanometres, because beyond that the energy escapes as radiation or heat. Researchers at Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) have now shown that energy can hop from one particle to another across several millimetres without "spilling" along the way.
The trick is an engineered array of microscopic gold rods whose collective vibrations support bound states in the continuum (BIC) — resonances that, despite lying inside a continuum of radiating modes, are prevented by symmetry and interference from leaking energy away. Coupling the emitters to such a state extends the effective range of dipole–dipole transfer by many orders of magnitude while preserving spatiotemporal coherence. The team argues this opens the way to coupling not just two but many distant molecules into coherent "supermolecules" that behave as a single unit, potentially reshaping how chemical reactions proceed, and brings applications in quantum communication, solar energy and medical sensing a step closer. Published in Science Advances (2026), DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adx2005.
鍵となるのは、微小な金ロッド(ナノロッド)を配列した構造で、その集団振動が連続体中の束縛状態(BIC: bound states in the continuum)を支えることである。BICは、放射モードの連続体の中にありながら、対称性と干渉によってエネルギーを外へ漏らさない特異な共鳴状態である。エミッターをこの状態に結合させることで、双極子‑双極子移動の有効距離を何桁も伸ばしつつ、時空間的コヒーレンスを保つことができた。研究チームは、これにより2分子だけでなく多数の遠く離れた分子を結合させ、全体が一体として振る舞うコヒーレントな「超分子(supermolecule)」を作れる可能性があり、化学反応の進み方そのものを変える新しい舞台になりうると論じている。量子通信・太陽光エネルギー・医療センサーへの応用も一歩近づく。『Science Advances』(2026年)掲載、DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adx2005。
Keywords: bound states in the continuum, 連続体中の束縛状態, BIC, energy transfer, エネルギー移動, FRET, dipole-dipole, 双極子相互作用, gold nanorod, 金ナノロッド
🐧 — A possible crack in the Standard Model: a rare "penguin" decay B⁰→K*⁰μ⁺μ⁻ at the LHC shows a ~4σ discrepancy from Standard-Model predictions (LHCb Collaboration, CERN, Phys. Rev. Lett.) / 標準模型のほころびか——LHCの稀な「ペンギン崩壊」B⁰→K*⁰μ⁺μ⁻で、標準模型の予測から約4σのズレを観測(CERN・LHCb実験、Physical Review Letters掲載)※発見の基準(5σ)には未到達、確認段階
The LHCb experiment at CERN's Large Hadron Collider has reported one of the strongest recent hints of physics beyond the Standard Model. Studying the rare electroweak "penguin" decay in which a B⁰ meson decays into a kaon, a pion and two muons (B⁰→K*⁰μ⁺μ⁻), the team measured the angles and rates of the emerging particles and found a discrepancy of about four standard deviations (4σ) from Standard-Model predictions.
Penguin decays are extremely rare — only about one in a million B mesons decays this way — which makes them uniquely sensitive to the influence of hypothetical heavy particles too massive to be produced directly at the LHC. The analysis used roughly 650 billion B-meson decays recorded between 2011 and 2018; a theory–data combination suggests known effects ("charming penguins") struggle to explain the result. At 4σ the finding falls short of the 5σ discovery threshold, and independent confirmation is needed — but with three times more data already recorded and major upgrades planned for the 2030s, definitive tests are coming. Among candidate explanations are new particles such as leptoquarks. Published in Physical Review Letters (2026), DOI: 10.1103/24g9-yn9d (arXiv:2512.18053).
Keywords: Standard Model, 標準模型, beyond the Standard Model, 標準模型を超える物理, penguin decay, ペンギン崩壊, B meson, B中間子, flavour-changing neutral current, FCNC
🕳️ — The hydrogen atom puts the ER = EPR "quantum wormhole" conjecture to the test — and finds no sign of it, constraining any such effect to below one part in a million (Javed & Wilson-Ewing, University of New Brunswick, Phys. Rev. Lett.) / 「量子もつれ=ワームホール」説(ER = EPR予想)を水素原子1個で検証——痕跡は見つからず、効果の大きさに自然な見積もりの100万分の1以下という強い制限(ニューブランズウィック大学、Irfan Javed・Edward Wilson-Ewing、Physical Review Letters掲載)※予想の否定ではなく、初の定量的な観測的制約
In 1935 Einstein co-authored two very different papers: one with Podolsky and Rosen introducing what we now call quantum entanglement (EPR), and one with Rosen introducing bridges between distant regions of spacetime — wormholes (ER). In 2013 Juan Maldacena and Leonard Susskind proposed the ER = EPR conjecture: that these are not merely analogous but two descriptions of the same thing, so that every entangled pair is joined by a Planck-scale wormhole. Until now the idea had no quantitative experimental handle.
Irfan Javed and Edward Wilson-Ewing at the University of New Brunswick supplied one. Assuming that part of the electric field surrounding an entangled charged particle leaks into its wormhole, they showed two consequences in ordinary hydrogen. First, the leakage would weaken the hyperfine splitting between the entangled and unentangled spin configurations of the proton and electron — the 21 cm line. Second, if the wormhole is non-traversable, hydrogen would carry a small nonzero net charge, despite being measured as neutral to about twenty decimal places. Neither effect appears in high-precision data. The hyperfine measurements alone force any ER = EPR effect to be at least a million times smaller than natural estimates, and the neutrality condition pushes that to a billion times smaller still. The conjecture is not refuted — it is, for the first time, quantitatively constrained. Published in Physical Review Letters 136, 121501 (27 March 2026), DOI: 10.1103/78f4-2gxv (arXiv:2512.02156).
🕳️ — The heaviest black holes may be "second-generation": an analysis of 153 gravitational-wave mergers (GWTC-4) finds the most massive black holes carry signatures of earlier black-hole mergers (Cardiff University-led international team, Nature Astronomy) / 重すぎる“ありえないブラックホール”は合体を繰り返した「2世代目」か——重力波カタログGWTC-4の153件の合体イベントを解析し、特に重いブラックホールに過去の合体で生まれた特徴を発見(カーディフ大学を中心とする国際研究チーム、Nature Astronomy掲載)
Using version 4.0 of the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC-4), which contains 153 confident black-hole merger detections, an international research team including Cardiff University (Gravity Exploration Institute) tested whether the heaviest black holes are "second-generation" objects — formed when earlier black holes merged and then merged again in dense stellar environments.
The analysis supports a long-predicted pair-instability mass gap — roughly 50 to 130 solar masses — a range that dying stars are not expected to produce directly. Black holes found within or above this gap appear to belong to a distinct class with a different formation history: rather than collapsing from a single massive star, they are remnants of previous mergers, often carrying tell-tale high spins. The finding offers a natural explanation for "impossibly heavy" black holes that stellar death alone cannot account for, and illustrates how hierarchical assembly shapes the black-hole population. Published in Nature Astronomy (2026).
Keywords: black hole, ブラックホール, gravitational waves, 重力波, hierarchical merger, 階層的合体, second-generation black hole, 2世代目ブラックホール, pair-instability mass gap, 対不安定性質量ギャップ
📡 — A quantum metasurface closes in on the "terahertz gap": a compact detector exploiting the in-plane photoelectric effect in a two-dimensional electron gas achieves sensitive, tunable-step THz detection (Xia, Michailow et al., Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Advanced Photonics) / 量子メタサーフェスで「テラヘルツギャップ」に迫る——2次元電子ガス中の量子過程「面内光電効果」を利用した小型検出器で、高感度かつ検出エネルギー段階を調整できるテラヘルツ検出を実現(英ケンブリッジ大学キャベンディッシュ研究所のXia・Michailowら、Advanced Photonics掲載)
Detecting light is a solved problem in the visible range, but in the far-infrared and terahertz (THz) regime — the so-called "terahertz gap" — detectors have long been either insensitive, slow, or bulky and expensive, often requiring cryogenic cooling. A team centred on the Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge (first author Ruqiao Xia, with Wladislaw Michailow, David Ritchie and colleagues) has now combined quantum physics with a carefully designed metasurface to build a compact detector that substantially improves how THz radiation is captured and converted into an electrical signal.
At the heart of the device is the in-plane photoelectric effect, a quantum process in which incoming THz photons transfer their energy to electrons confined in a two-dimensional electron gas. The metasurface — an engineered array of sub-wavelength structures — concentrates the incident field so that this energy transfer becomes efficient, yielding a "photoelectric tunable-step" detector whose response steps can be adjusted electrically. The approach points towards practical, high-sensitivity THz imaging and sensing without bulky cryogenic apparatus. Published in Advanced Photonics 8(2), 026011 (2026), DOI: 10.1117/1.AP.8.2.026011.
💻 — An ordinary laptop cracks a problem claimed to need a quantum computer: new tensor-network methods reproduce a D-Wave "beyond-classical" quantum-annealing result on classical hardware (Flatiron Institute CCQ & Boston University, Science) / 量子コンピュータでしか無理とされた計算を普通のPCが突破——テンソルネットワークなどの数学的手法で、D-Waveの「量子超越」級の量子アニーリング計算を古典コンピュータ(ノートPCでも)で再現(サイモンズ財団フラットアイアン研究所CCQ・ボストン大学、Science誌掲載)
Physicists at the Center for Computational Quantum Physics (CCQ) at the Simons Foundation's Flatiron Institute, with collaborators at Boston University, have used advanced tensor-network methods to solve on classical computers a quantum-dynamics problem previously claimed to be solvable only by a quantum computer. The technique was so efficient that lead researcher Joseph Tindall ran many of the initial calculations on a personal laptop, using the open-source ITensor library.
The target was a high-profile 2025 "beyond-classical" milestone reported with D-Wave's ~5,000-qubit Advantage2 quantum-annealing processor, which simulated the quench dynamics of Ising spin glasses. To avoid the exponential memory wall, the team built a lattice-specific 3D tensor network and adapted belief propagation — a 1980s message-passing routine — to track the entangled state. Their classical results matched the quantum machine's output and agreed with exact theory on smaller test cases. The work does not declare quantum computers obsolete; rather, it raises the bar for future quantum-advantage claims, which must now beat smarter classical baselines. Published in Science (2026).
🧊 — Nodeless superconducting gap and electron-boson coupling seen in bilayer nickelate films: the clearest window yet into how high-Tc nickelates pair (USTC & SUSTech, Science) / 2層ニッケル酸化物薄膜で「ノード(節)のない」超伝導ギャップと電子-ボソン結合を観測——高温ニッケル酸化物超伝導のペアリング機構に迫る(中国科学技術大学・南方科技大学、Science誌掲載)
The mechanism of high-temperature (high-Tc) superconductivity remains one of the great unsolved problems of condensed-matter physics. Nickelates — nickel-oxide compounds — recently emerged as a fresh platform for attacking it, alongside the long-studied copper-oxide cuprates. A team led by Junfeng He at the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), with the groups of Qi-Kun Xue and Zhuoyu Chen at the Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), used angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) to map the electronic structure of Ruddlesden-Popper bilayer nickelate ((La,Pr,Sm)₃Ni₂O₇) superconducting thin films.
Two central questions in high-Tc physics are the symmetry of the superconducting gap and the pairing mechanism. On the first, the team found no gap "nodes" (points where the gap shrinks to zero) anywhere in momentum space — a result consistent with an s-wave (s±) gap. On the second, they observed a dispersion "kink" about 70 meV below the Fermi level, a fingerprint of electron-boson coupling that offers a clue to how electron pairs form. To prevent oxygen loss during transfer of the delicate films, the team developed a liquid-nitrogen-cooled ultrahigh-vacuum quenching-and-transfer method that carried the films over 1200 km from Shenzhen to laser-ARPES in Hefei and synchrotron-ARPES in Shanghai. (A gap of ~18 meV was measured along the Brillouin-zone diagonal.) Published in Science (2026), DOI: 10.1126/science.adw8329.
🪐 — JWST detects methane on the temperate "exo-Saturn" TOI-199 b: the first detailed atmospheric study of a temperate giant planet reveals a Saturn-sized world with surprisingly Earth-like temperatures (Bello-Arufe et al., JPL/Caltech and collaborators, The Astronomical Journal) / JWSTが温帯の系外「土星」TOI-199 bでメタンを検出——地球に近い温度をもつ土星サイズの巨大惑星の大気を初めて詳細に調査(JPL/カリフォルニア工科大学のBello-Arufeら国際チーム、The Astronomical Journal掲載)
Astronomers using NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have taken a close look at the atmosphere of TOI-199 b, a rare Saturn-sized giant planet with temperatures surprisingly similar to Earth's, and detected methane. Giant planets are usually found at temperature extremes — frigid like Jupiter and Saturn, or blistering "hot Jupiters" orbiting close to their stars — making TOI-199 b one of only a small number of known temperate giant planets, and this is the first time the atmosphere of one has been studied in such detail.
The team, led by first author Aaron Bello-Arufe, a postdoctoral researcher at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, used transmission spectroscopy: as the planet passes in front of its star, molecules in its atmosphere absorb specific wavelengths, leaving a chemical "fingerprint" in the starlight. Researchers first collected about 20 continuous hours of observations to establish a baseline, then compared it with the spectrum recorded during the roughly 7-hour transit — far longer than the ~1-hour transits typical of hot Jupiters. The findings could sharpen models of how planets and their atmospheres form and evolve. Published in The Astronomical Journal 171, 354 (2026), DOI: 10.3847/1538-3881/ae4fba.
⚛️ — ATLAS reports the first observation of the Bc*+ meson, the lowest excited state of the Bc+ meson containing a charm quark and a bottom antiquark: an 8-standard-deviation peak with a Bc*+ - Bc+ mass difference of 64.5 MeV, using low-energy photon conversions (ATLAS Collaboration, CERN, presented at LHCP 2026) / ATLAS実験がBc*+中間子を初観測——チャームクォークとボトム反クォークからなるBc+中間子の最低励起状態を、8標準偏差を超える有意度で確認。Bc*+とBc+の質量差は64.5 MeV。低エネルギー光子の「電子対転換」を利用した独創的な解析(CERN・ATLAS国際共同実験、LHCP 2026会議で発表)
In a new result presented at the Large Hadron Collider Physics 2026 (LHCP 2026) conference, the ATLAS Collaboration at CERN reported the first observation of a particle consistent with the Bc*+ meson — the lowest excited state of the Bc+ meson, which uniquely contains two kinds of heavy quarks: a charm quark and a bottom antiquark. In the excited Bc*+ the two quarks' spins are aligned, whereas in the ground-state Bc+ they point in opposite directions. Such doubly heavy mesons are a prime laboratory for testing how the strong force binds quarks inside hadrons.
The challenge: the Bc*+ decays to a Bc+ plus a photon carrying only a few tens of MeV — too soft for standard photon identification. ATLAS physicists instead exploited photon conversions, where the photon turns into an electron–positron pair in the tracking detector, reconstructing tracks with transverse momenta as low as 100 MeV via a dedicated procedure, and used Bc+ decays into three muons and an (unreconstructed) neutrino, a channel about twenty times more frequent than fully reconstructable modes. The new particle appears as a striking peak with a significance exceeding 8 standard deviations; the measured Bc*+ − Bc+ mass difference is 64.5 ± 1.4 (stat.) +1.0/−1.4 (syst.) MeV — within the range of theoretical expectations, though slightly deviating from the most recent high-precision calculations, providing valuable input for models of heavy-hadron mass spectra (arXiv:2605.16228).
🥪 — A missing step in "molecular sandwich" assembly, caught at last: the first full structural characterization of a doubly ring-slipped ruthenocene intermediate (Takebayashi group, OIST, J. Am. Chem. Soc.) / 「分子のサンドイッチ」ができる途中の“見えなかった一歩”を捕まえた——メタロセン生成における二重リングスリップ中間体の完全な構造決定に世界で初めて成功(沖縄科学技術大学院大学(OIST)、Journal of the American Chemical Society掲載)
Metallocenes — a metal atom sandwiched between two flat carbon rings — have been central to organometallic chemistry since the 1950s, underpinning catalysts, functional materials, energy technologies, sensors and drug-delivery systems. Ferrocene, iron between two five-carbon rings, earned its discoverers the 1973 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Yet how these sandwiches actually assemble has stayed obscure, because the key intermediates exist only fleetingly.
Researchers at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) have now reported the first complete structural characterization of a doubly ring-slipped intermediate — a species in which both carbon rings have partially detached from the metal, changing how many ring atoms are bonded to it. While attempting to make 20-electron ruthenium metallocene derivatives, the reaction unexpectedly favoured 18-electron products and left this intermediate trapped mid-transformation, stabilised by pincer ligands. The team characterised it by X-ray crystallography, NMR and mass spectrometry, and traced the formation pathway computationally and experimentally, identifying a further unstable singly ring-slipped species. Because ring-slippage can also be induced mechanically — for example by pulling on the ends of a metallocene-containing polymer — understanding it opens design routes to stimuli-responsive materials. Published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society (2026), DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6c04198.
沖縄科学技術大学院大学(OIST)の研究チームは、二重リングスリップ(doubly ring-slipped)中間体の完全な構造決定に初めて成功した。これは、両方の炭素環が金属から部分的に外れ、金属と結合する環の原子数が変化した状態である。20電子のルテニウム系メタロセン誘導体を合成しようとしたところ、反応は予想に反して18電子生成物を優先し、その途中でこの中間体がピンサー配位子によって安定化され、捕捉された。チームはX線結晶構造解析に加えNMRや質量分析で構造を確定し、計算と実験の両面から生成経路を追跡して、さらに不安定な一重リングスリップ種の存在も同定した。リングスリップは、メタロセンを含む高分子の両端を引っ張るなど力学的にも誘起できるため、その理解は刺激応答性材料の設計に直結する。『Journal of the American Chemical Society』(2026年)掲載、DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6c04198。
⚫ — Radiating black holes need not be singular: electromagnetic repulsion plus the negative energy of Hawking radiation can prevent both a singularity and a Cauchy horizon — within ordinary general relativity (Di Filippo, ITP Frankfurt, Phys. Rev. Lett.) / 蒸発する(ホーキング放射を出す)ブラックホールは特異点を持たなくてよい——電荷による電磁的斥力とホーキング放射のエネルギー条件の破れが組み合わさると、特異点もコーシー地平面も形成されない可能性。量子重力理論を持ち出さずに一般相対論の枠内で示す(フランクフルト理論物理研究所、Francesco Di Filippo、Physical Review Letters掲載)
It is textbook knowledge that a black hole must contain a region where general relativity breaks down: Penrose's theorems imply that any spacetime with a trapped region is geodesically incomplete, which shows up as either a curvature singularity or a Cauchy horizon (a boundary beyond which the theory loses predictive power). The usual assumption is that fixing this requires either quantum gravity or exotic matter.
Francesco Di Filippo, at the Institute for Theoretical Physics in Frankfurt, challenges that assumption. He analyses a charged, spherically symmetric black hole formed by gravitational collapse and then evaporating via Hawking radiation. Two ingredients combine: the electromagnetic repulsion of the collapsing charged matter, and the fact that inside the horizon Hawking radiation carries negative energy, violating the null energy conditions that Penrose's theorems assume. Di Filippo shows this is sufficient to avoid forming both a singularity and a Cauchy horizon, giving a perfectly regular spacetime — and argues that a similar mechanism may operate in astrophysical black holes, with angular momentum playing the role of electric charge. Published in Physical Review Letters 136, 161402 (24 April 2026), DOI: 10.1103/gv8z-f128 (arXiv:2510.20649).
🌡️ — A quantum sensor that detects energy below one zeptojoule: a superconducting calorimeter measured an electromagnetic pulse of just 0.83 zeptojoules — a world record for calorimetry (Möttönen group, Aalto University, with IQM & VTT, Nature Electronics) / 1ゼプトジュール未満のエネルギーを検出する量子センサー——超伝導を用いた熱量計(カロリメータ)で、わずか0.83ゼプトジュールの電磁パルスを測定。熱量測定の世界記録(アールト大学・Möttönen教授ら、IQM・VTTと共同、Nature Electronics掲載)
A team led by Academy Professor Mikko Möttönen at Aalto University (Finland), with the company IQM and the VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, has built an ultra-sensitive calorimeter that detects energies below one zeptojoule (10⁻²¹ J). After optimised filtering, the device registered an electromagnetic pulse of just 0.83 zeptojoules — roughly the work needed to lift a red blood cell one nanometre against gravity — a world first for calorimetric measurement.
A calorimeter measures energy by absorbing it, converting it to heat, and reading the resulting temperature change. At about 20 millikelvin, a gold–palladium nanowire combined with superconducting materials reacts to the slightest change in heat. Möttönen notes the device could become a component for reading out qubits in quantum computers, and points toward the long-sought goal of counting individual photons. Because it can in principle detect pulses arriving at an arbitrary, unknown time, it may also help search for hypothetical dark-matter particles such as axions from space. Published in Nature Electronics, 12 May 2026, DOI: 10.1038/s41928-026-01615-2.
🎯 — "Catastrophe theory" makes a chip gyroscope hundreds of times more precise: a silicon Coriolis vibratory gyroscope run at a cusp (third-order) singularity gains a 253-fold signal-to-noise improvement (Nature) / 「カタストロフ理論」でチップ型ジャイロを数百倍高精度に——シリコン製コリオリ振動ジャイロをカスプ(3次)特異点で動作させ、S/N比を253倍に向上(中国の研究チーム、Nature掲載)
Tiny silicon Coriolis vibratory gyroscopes (CVGs) — the rotation sensors in phones, cars and drones — are cheap and small but far less sensitive than their bulky macroscale cousins, because the intrinsic Coriolis coupling that converts rotation into a measurable signal is weak and easily buried in noise. A research team in China (S. Zhang, D. Xiao and X. Zhou) overcomes this limit not with better hardware but with singularity physics: they operate the gyroscope near a cusp catastrophe, a third-order singularity in the phase-tracked oscillations.
Near such a cusp, the frequency shift induced by the Coriolis effect scales as the cube root of the input rotation rather than linearly, hugely amplifying small signals. The team reports a roughly 1,000-fold enhancement of the Coriolis factor, a 253-fold improvement in signal-to-noise ratio and a 297-fold increase in precision, setting a record for silicon-chip gyroscopes. Because the trick is a control strategy rather than a special material, the authors note the same cusp-singularity approach could sharpen many other compact sensors, from seismometers to gravity and gravitational-wave instruments. Published in Nature (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10565-w.
📱 — Seeing around corners with a phone: an algorithm turns sub-$100 consumer LiDAR into a non-line-of-sight camera that reconstructs and tracks hidden objects (MIT Media Lab, Nature) / スマホで「曲がり角の向こう」を見る——1万円台の市販LiDARを、見えない物体を3D再構成・追跡できる非視線(NLOS)カメラに変えるアルゴリズム(MITメディアラボ、Nature掲載)
The LiDAR sensors now built into many smartphones measure the time-of-flight of light at picosecond resolution. In principle that timing carries information about objects outside the sensor's direct view — light can bounce off a nearby wall or floor, hit a hidden object, and return — enabling non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging, or "seeing around corners." Until now this needed bulky, high-power research-grade lasers; on consumer devices the signal is too weak, too low-resolution and too blurred by motion. A team at the MIT Media Lab (Siddharth Somasundaram, Aaron Young, Ramesh Raskar and colleagues, with Dartmouth) cracked the consumer case.
Inspired by burst photography and synthetic-aperture radar, they introduce a motion-induced aperture sampling model that fuses many individual frames — turning the otherwise harmful motion of the camera and the hidden object into a virtual aperture that boosts signal quality. Using an off-the-shelf LiDAR costing under US$100, they demonstrated three capabilities on hidden objects behind walls and partitions: rough 3D reconstruction, real-time tracking of a moving mannequin, and camera self-localization — all "plug-and-play," with no special calibration. The work points toward everyday NLOS sensing for robotics, autonomous vehicles and augmented reality. Published in Nature 653, 693–699 (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10502-x.
💥 — NASA's Fermi telescope finds the first clear gamma-ray signal from a superluminous supernova, supporting the magnetar "central engine" model (SN 2017egm, Acero, Martí-Devesa et al., Astronomy & Astrophysics) / NASA・フェルミ望遠鏡が超高輝度超新星から初めて明確なガンマ線を検出——「マグネター中心エンジン」モデルを支持(SN 2017egm、Acero・Martí-Devesaら、Astronomy & Astrophysics掲載)
An international team analysing data from NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope reports what may be the first clear detection of GeV gamma rays from a superluminous supernova (SLSN) — explosions 10–100× brighter than ordinary core-collapse supernovae. Searching the six nearest SLSNe of Fermi's first 16 years, only SN 2017egm — which erupted in the barred spiral galaxy NGC 3191, about 440 million light-years away in Ursa Major — shows a significant signal in Fermi's Large Area Telescope, detected roughly 43–155 days after discovery.
The result supports the leading "magnetar central engine" model: a rapidly spinning, ultra-magnetized newborn neutron star injects energy that, once the expanding ejecta become transparent (about three months after the explosion), partly escapes as gamma rays. The model reproduces SN 2017egm's early behaviour well, though some later discrepancies remain — possibly from interaction with material shed before the explosion. Lead author Fabio Acero (CNRS, France) with Guillem Martí-Devesa (Institute of Space Sciences, Barcelona) and LSU collaborators. Published in Astronomy & Astrophysics, 20 May 2026, DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202558547.
Keywords: superluminous supernova, 超高輝度超新星, SN 2017egm, magnetar, マグネター, neutron star, 中性子星, central engine, 中心エンジン, gamma rays
⏳ — "Negative time" confirmed by asking the atoms themselves: photons can register a negative excitation time in a cloud of rubidium — appearing to leave before they enter (Steinberg group, Univ. of Toronto & Griffith Univ., Phys. Rev. Lett.) / 「負の時間」を原子自身に問うて確認——光子はルビジウム原子雲の中で「負の励起時間」を示し、入る前に出ていくように見える(トロント大学・グリフィス大学、Physical Review Letters掲載)※タイムトラベルとは無関係。量子測定の反直観的な性質
When a pulse of light passes through a medium it picks up a group delay. Near an atomic resonance this delay can go negative — the pulse peak seems to exit before it entered. Whether that negative delay should be read as the time photons actually spend as atomic excitations has been debated for decades. A team led by Aephraim Steinberg at the University of Toronto (first author Daniela Angulo), with theorist Howard Wiseman at Griffith University, put the question directly to the atoms.
Rather than timing photons at a detector, they used a weak cross-Kerr (weak-measurement) probe to read out how long a cloud of cold rubidium atoms actually spent in the excited state as a photon was transmitted. Averaging roughly a million runs across about seven parameter sets (~70 hours of data), they measured mean excitation times ranging from (−0.82 ± 0.31)τ₀ for the narrowest-band pulse to (+0.54 ± 0.28)τ₀ for the broadest, where τ₀ is the non-post-selected excitation time — the scattering (absorption) probability multiplied by the atomic lifetime. The negative value is a genuine, measurable effect of quantum measurement — not a signal traveling faster than light, and not time travel. First circulated as a preprint in 2024, the result cleared peer review and was published in Physical Review Letters (2026), DOI: 10.1103/gjfq-k9dv.
Keywords: negative time, 負の時間, group delay, 群遅延, weak measurement, 弱測定, weak value, 弱値, atomic excitation, 原子励起
🧲 — The muon g−2 "anomaly" may be a calculation issue, not new physics: a hybrid lattice-QCD + data calculation of the hadronic vacuum polarization reconciles the Standard Model with the Fermilab measurement (Boccaletti, Borsanyi et al., Nature) / ミューオンの磁気モーメント(g−2)異常は“新物理”ではなく計算の問題だった可能性——格子QCDと実験データを組み合わせたハドロン真空偏極の計算により、標準模型の予測がフェルミ研の測定値とほぼ一致(Boccaletti・Borsanyiら、Nature掲載)
For years, the muon's anomalous magnetic moment (g−2) showed a persistent discrepancy between the measured value (refined to high precision at Fermilab) and the Standard-Model prediction — a gap widely viewed as a possible sign of a "fifth force" or new particles. A new calculation that combines lattice-QCD simulations with experimental data for the dominant hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) contribution now causes that anomaly to largely vanish.
The hadronic (strong-force) contributions have always been the hardest part to compute and the largest source of theoretical uncertainty. Earlier "data-driven" estimates disagreed with lattice-QCD results; the new hybrid determination — at sub-percent precision — agrees with the experimental measurement, bringing theory and experiment into accord. The upshot is not the discovery of new physics but a further strengthening of the Standard Model, and it places tight constraints on many "beyond the Standard Model" scenarios. Published in Nature (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10449-z (open access).
Keywords: muon g-2, ミューオンg-2, anomalous magnetic moment, 異常磁気モーメント, Standard Model, 標準模型, hadronic vacuum polarization, ハドロン真空偏極, lattice QCD, 格子QCD
🔴 — Faint red auroras over Japan reached above ~500 km even during only "moderately intense" magnetic storms, revealing hidden space-weather energy (Nakayama & Kataoka, Hokkaido University / OIST, J. Space Weather Space Clim.) / 日本で見えた淡い赤いオーロラが「中程度の強さ」の磁気嵐でも高度約500 km超に達していた——隠れた宇宙天気のエネルギーを示唆(中山・片岡、北海道大学/OIST、Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate掲載)
Researchers at Hokkaido University and the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) report that the faint red, low-latitude auroras occasionally seen from Hokkaido, Japan, reached altitudes above ~500 km during four storms in 2024 (28 June, 4 August, 12 September, 9 November) — far higher than expected, given that these were only "moderately intense" magnetic storms (peak Dst index ≈ −110 nT).
Combining photographs submitted by citizen scientists across Japan with satellite data, Tomohiro M. Nakayama and Ryuho Kataoka found the events were associated with strong magnetospheric compression driven by high-density (rather than merely high-speed) solar wind — pointing to an underappreciated role for solar-wind density in mid-latitude auroras. Because such storms can heat and expand the upper atmosphere, increasing drag on satellites, the finding has implications for space-weather forecasting and the safe operation of the growing low-Earth-orbit satellite fleet. Published in the Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate (vol. 16, art. 19), 19 May 2026, DOI: 10.1051/swsc/2026004 (Open Access).
全国の市民科学者が撮影した写真と衛星データを組み合わせ、中山智裕氏と片岡龍峰氏は、これらの現象が——太陽風の「速さ」よりも「高密度」によって駆動される——強い磁気圏圧縮と相関することを見いだした。中緯度オーロラにおける太陽風密度の役割が、これまで過小評価されてきた可能性を示す。こうした磁気嵐は超高層大気を加熱・膨張させて人工衛星の空気抵抗を増やすため、宇宙天気予報や、増え続ける低軌道衛星の安全運用にも示唆を与える。『Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate』(第16巻 論文19)2026年5月19日付掲載、DOI: 10.1051/swsc/2026004(オープンアクセス)。
Keywords: red aurora, 赤いオーロラ, 低緯度オーロラ, low-latitude aurora, space weather, 宇宙天気, magnetic storm, 磁気嵐, geomagnetic storm, magnetospheric compression
⚖️ — Gravity's "big G" resists a 10-year quest: NIST's blind "sealed-envelope" re-run of the BIPM torsion-balance experiment yields G = 6.67387×10⁻¹¹ m³ kg⁻¹ s⁻², about 0.02% below the earlier result — the discrepancy remains unresolved (Schlamminger et al., NIST, Metrologia) / 重力定数「ビッグG」は10年がかりの再測定でも謎のまま——米国立標準技術研究所(NIST)がBIPMねじれ秤実験を「封印した封筒」によるブラインド解析で再現し G = 6.67387×10⁻¹¹ m³ kg⁻¹ s⁻² を得るも、先行実験との約0.02%のズレは未解決(NIST・Schlammingerら、Metrologia掲載)
The universal gravitational constant G ("big G") sets the strength of gravity everywhere in the universe, yet after more than 225 years of effort it remains the least precisely known fundamental constant: modern experiments disagree by about one part in 10,000 — more than their stated uncertainties. NIST physicist Stephan Schlamminger and colleagues spent roughly a decade painstakingly recreating the BIPM torsion-balance experiment (originally performed in France) to test whether its comparatively high value of G would reappear.
To avoid unconscious bias, a colleague scrambled the data with a secret offset kept in a sealed envelope, which was only opened on a conference stage in July 2024. The unblinded result, G = 6.67387×10⁻¹¹ m³ kg⁻¹ s⁻², came out about 0.0235% below the earlier BIPM value — so the puzzle deepens rather than resolves: either subtle systematic errors lurk in these exquisitely difficult experiments, or something in our understanding of gravity is incomplete. Along the way the team identified previously unaccounted-for effects such as air pressure. Published in Metrologia 63(2), 025012 (online 16 April 2026), DOI: 10.1088/1681-7575/ae570f; the story drew wide coverage in May 2026.
Keywords: gravitational constant, 万有引力定数, big G, ビッグG, Newtonian constant of gravitation, torsion balance, ねじれ秤, BIPM, NIST, blind analysis
🧲 — Layer photovoltaic effect in a bilayer van der Waals antiferromagnet with parity-time symmetry: discovery of a sign-reversing photocurrent reflecting the magnetic state (ISSP–RIKEN–Columbia–NIMS, Nature Materials) / 原子レベルに薄い磁性体で磁気状態を反映した光電流を観測——PT対称性に守られた2層反強磁性体で符号反転する新しい光電流(層光起電力効果)を発見(東大物性研・理研・コロンビア大・NIMS共同、Nature Materials掲載)
A joint research team led by Dr. Yu Dong (then JSPS Research Fellow at the Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo; now Special Postdoctoral Researcher at RIKEN CEMS), Associate Professor Toshiya Ideue (ISSP, UTokyo), and Group Director Yoshihiro Iwasa (RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science), together with Associate Professor Takahiro Morimoto (Graduate School of Engineering, UTokyo), Group Director Naoki Ogawa (RIKEN CEMS), and collaborators at Columbia University and the National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), has discovered a new "layer photovoltaic effect" in a bilayer (two-layer) van der Waals antiferromagnet protected by parity-time (PT) symmetry.
In this atomically thin material, the spins within each layer are aligned, while the upper and lower layers point in opposite directions — giving two equivalent antiferromagnetic ground states with zero net macroscopic magnetisation. The team illuminated the device and measured the resulting current: in the disordered (paramagnetic) state no current flows, but each antiferromagnetic state produces a spontaneous photocurrent without any applied voltage, and crucially the two antiferromagnetic states yield currents of opposite sign. The behaviour is quantitatively explained by the quantum-geometric properties of the electronic wave functions — that is, the bulk-photovoltaic-like response is protected by the underlying PT symmetry of the bilayer crystal.
Most strikingly, the photocurrent does not flow uniformly through the whole crystal: it flows locally within each atomic layer, and by engineering the electrode geometry the team demonstrated that the layer-resolved currents can be extracted individually. This means that each layer of the bilayer can be addressed as an independent photo-active channel — a property unique to atomically thin antiferromagnets and inaccessible in conventional bulk materials. Because antiferromagnets are intrinsically fast (terahertz-scale spin dynamics) and emit no stray magnetic fields, the layer photovoltaic effect opens a route to ultra-low-power, high-density photo-spintronic and quantum-electronic devices, optical antiferromagnetic memories, and on-chip optical sensors. Published online in Nature Materials on 18 May 2026 (UK summer time) — title: "Layer Photovoltaic Effect in a Two-dimensional Antiferromagnet with Parity-time Symmetry" (DOI: 10.1038/s41563-026-02593-8).
特筆すべきは、光電流が結晶全体を一様に流れるのではなく各原子層ごとに局所的に流れること、そして電極の構造を工夫することで各層の電流を個別に取り出せることを実証した点である。これは2層それぞれを独立した光活性チャネルとして扱えることを意味し、従来のバルク物質では実現不可能な、原子層反強磁性体に固有の機能である。反強磁性体は本質的に高速(テラヘルツ帯のスピンダイナミクス)かつ漏洩磁場を持たないため、層光起電力効果の確立は、超低消費電力かつ高密度のフォトスピントロニクス・量子エレクトロニクスデバイス、光制御反強磁性メモリ、オンチップ光センサへの展開を可能にする。本研究成果は2026年5月18日(英国夏時間)に英国科学雑誌『Nature Materials』オンライン版に掲載——論文タイトル:"Layer Photovoltaic Effect in a Two-dimensional Antiferromagnet with Parity-time Symmetry"(DOI: 10.1038/s41563-026-02593-8)。
⚡ — Ultra-fast, ultra-low-power non-volatile quantum switching device: 40-picosecond switching in the topological chiral antiferromagnet Mn₃Sn enables next-generation energy-efficient computers and data centers (Nakatsuji group, University of Tokyo, Science) / 超高速・超低省電力で動作する不揮発量子スイッチング素子——トポロジカル・カイラル反強磁性体Mn₃Snで40ピコ秒動作、次世代コンピュータ・データセンター省エネへ(東京大学・中辻知教授ら、Science誌掲載)
A team led by Special Appointed Assistant Professor Hanshen Tsai, former Special Appointed Assistant Professor Takuya Matsuda, and Professor Satoru Nakatsuji at the Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo — with Professor Ryotaro Arita (UTokyo Science / RIKEN CEMS Team Director), Professor Mitsuru Takenaka, Assistant Professor Kotaro Shimizu, Professor Tetsuya Iizuka (UTokyo Engineering), Associate Professor Shinji Miwa (ISSP, UTokyo), and Senior Research Scientist Kohta Kondou (formerly RIKEN CEMS, now Osaka University) — has demonstrated a non-volatile "quantum" switching device using the topological chiral antiferromagnet Mn₃Sn, whose two magnetic memory states can be rewritten by an electrical pulse as short as 40 picoseconds (1 picosecond = 10⁻¹² s).
In conventional CPUs and GPUs, increasing the operating frequency beyond the nanosecond regime drives power dissipation to prohibitive levels because Joule heating scales with current density squared. Picosecond-scale switching — roughly 1,000× faster than today's CMOS — has therefore long been a target, but every known mechanism has been hampered by transient temperature rises of several hundred degrees, sacrificing device endurance. The Mn₃Sn device circumvents this entirely: it switches via an athermal angular-momentum-transfer spin-orbit torque (SOT), which exerts a torque on the Néel order without dumping energy as heat. The result is the only known route that simultaneously delivers picosecond switching speed, dramatically reduced energy dissipation, and high endurance.
Experimentally, the team patterned Hall-bar devices from heterostructures of Mn₃Sn (10–16 nm thick) on a Ta (5 nm) heavy-metal layer fabricated on silicon, and read out the magnetic state via the anomalous Hall effect. Pulse-width-dependent measurements over the wide range of 40 ps–500 ms revealed that thermal mechanisms dominate at long pulse widths, while in the few-tens-of-picoseconds regime the critical current density depends linearly on the inverse pulse width — confirming that the 40-ps switching originates from a non-thermal spin-torque mechanism. The team further demonstrated that a 60-picosecond photocurrent pulse, generated by feeding telecom-wavelength laser light into a uni-traveling-carrier photodiode (UTC-PD), can perform the same antiferromagnetic switching. This compatibility with standard optical communications wavelengths opens a direct path to integrating ultra-fast magnetic memory directly with optical interconnects, removing the energy bottleneck imposed by the electrical-to-optical-to-electrical conversion in today's data centers. Because the device is non-volatile (retains its state without power), the technology promises memory and logic combining DRAM-class speed, SRAM-class energy efficiency, and Flash-class data retention. Published in Science on 15 May 2026 (Japan time); joint press release from the University of Tokyo, JST, RIKEN, and Osaka University.
🎛️ — Controlling a quantum phase with the vacuum itself: a 2D electron gas in an engineered cavity has its quantum Hall "stripes" aligned by vacuum field fluctuations, suppressing the longitudinal resistance below its zero-field value (Faist group, ETH Zurich, Nature Physics) / 「真空のゆらぎ」で量子相を制御——微小空洞に入れた2次元電子ガスの量子ホール『ストライプ』相を真空電磁場ゆらぎで整列させ、縦抵抗を磁場ゼロのときより低く抑制(ETHチューリッヒ・Faist研究室、Nature Physics掲載)
A frontier of condensed-matter physics is whether the properties of a material can be controlled not by light you shine on it, but by the vacuum fluctuations of an electromagnetic cavity placed around it — the residual "jitter" of the field even when no photons are present. A team led by Jérôme Faist at ETH Zurich (Lorenzo Graziotto, Josefine Enkner, Giacomo Scalari, with theory by Eugene Demler) demonstrates exactly this for a high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas in a strong magnetic field.
When the field is tuned between quantized Hall plateaus and the sample is cooled below about 200 mK, the electrons can organize into quantum Hall "stripes" — a charge-density-wave pattern that normally points in random directions. Placing the gas inside an anisotropic cavity, the polarized vacuum fluctuations exert a kind of Casimir torque that aligns the stripes, producing strongly anisotropic transport and suppressing the longitudinal resistance to well below its zero-magnetic-field value. It is a clean demonstration that cavity vacuum fields can steer a correlated electronic phase at equilibrium — a new "knob," akin to moiré engineering, for designing quantum materials. Published in Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03287-3.
Keywords: cavity quantum electrodynamics, 空洞量子電気力学, cavity QED, vacuum fluctuations, 真空ゆらぎ, quantum Hall effect, 量子ホール効果, quantum Hall stripes, 量子ホールストライプ, charge density wave
☀️ — Quantum "ghost imaging" demonstrated with ordinary sunlight as the only pump — no laser needed — generating correlated photon pairs via sunlight-driven SPDC (Zhang & Chen, Xiamen University, Advanced Photonics) / ふつうの太陽光だけをポンプ光に量子「ゴーストイメージング」を実証——レーザー不要で相関光子対を生成(厦門大学・Zhang/Chenら、Advanced Photonics掲載)
Correlated and entangled photon pairs — a foundational resource in quantum optics — are normally produced by pumping a nonlinear crystal with a stable, coherent laser (spontaneous parametric down-conversion, SPDC). A team led by Wuhong Zhang and Lixiang Chen at Xiamen University has now driven SPDC using ordinary sunlight as the sole pump, and used the resulting pairs for quantum "ghost imaging."
An automatic sun-tracker (like an equatorial telescope mount) fed collected sunlight through a 20 m multimode fibre into a dark laboratory, where it pumped a periodically poled KTP (PPKTP) crystal. Despite sunlight's fluctuating intensity, the photon pairs showed strong position correlations and reconstructed ghost images at 90.7% visibility (versus 95.5% for a 405 nm laser at the same pump power). Because it removes the laser requirement that has confined the technique to the lab since 1995, the approach could suit space-based or remote quantum imaging. Published in Advanced Photonics 8(3), 036011 (2026), DOI: 10.1117/1.AP.8.3.036011 (Gold Open Access).
🛰️ — A universal "rule" behind cosmic rays: DAMPE finds the spectra of nuclei from protons to iron all soften at the same rigidity of ~15 teravolts — the break is charge-dependent, ruling out mass-dependence with >99.999% confidence (DAMPE Collaboration incl. University of Geneva, Nature) / 宇宙線に潜む普遍的な「ルール」を発見——DAMPE(悟空)衛星の高精度データで、陽子から鉄までの一次宇宙線原子核のスペクトルがそろって剛性約15テラボルトで急に軟化することを確認。軟化は電荷依存で、質量依存説は信頼度99.999%超で棄却(ジュネーブ大学などが参加するDAMPE国際共同、Nature掲載)
More than a century after their discovery in 1912, the origin of cosmic rays — the most energetic particles observed in nature — remains an open question. The DAMPE (Dark Matter Particle Explorer) satellite, launched in 2015 with major contributions from the University of Geneva's Department of Nuclear and Particle Physics, has now uncovered a shared feature in the energy spectra of primary cosmic-ray nuclei ranging from lightweight protons to heavy iron.
For every nucleus studied, the particle flux begins dropping much faster beyond a certain threshold — a "spectral softening" that appears universally at a magnetic rigidity of about 15 teravolts (TV). Crucially, the break scales with the particles' electric charge, not their mass: the mass-dependent alternative is excluded with a confidence greater than 99.999%. This places strong new constraints on how astrophysical sources such as supernova remnants accelerate particles and on how cosmic rays propagate through the Galaxy. Published in Nature 653, 52–55 (29 April 2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10472-0; widely covered in mid-May 2026.
Keywords: cosmic rays, 宇宙線, DAMPE, Dark Matter Particle Explorer, 悟空, spectral softening, スペクトル軟化, rigidity, 磁気剛性, 15 TV
🧮 — Quantum advantage in storage and retrieval of isometry channels: quantum memory provably outperforms classical memory for storing and retrieving an unknown quantum operation (Yoshida–Miyazaki–Murao, University of Tokyo, Phys. Rev. Lett. — Editor's Suggestion) / 量子演算の効率的な保存・再生——量子メモリが古典メモリの性能を上回ることを理論的に証明(東京大学・吉田・宮崎・村尾、Physical Review Letters掲載・Editor's Suggestion選定)
Assistant Professor Satoshi Yoshida, Dr. Jisho Miyazaki, and Professor Mio Murao at the Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo (Murao group; Murao also at UTokyo's Trans-scale Quantum Science Institute, Miyazaki also at Ritsumeikan University BKC) have proved rigorously for the first time that a quantum memory offers a provable asymptotic performance advantage over any classical memory for the task of storing and retrieving an unknown quantum operation (channel). The result establishes a foundational gap between "measure-the-channel-and-remember-the-result" approaches and genuine quantum strategies. The paper was selected as an Editor's Suggestion in Physical Review Letters.
The team focused on isometry channels — operations that embed a smaller quantum state into a larger one, representing the generic information-encoding step in quantum information processing. For the classical strategy, where one estimates the channel from n queries and stores the estimate as classical bits, they derived analytically the optimal fidelity F = 1 − d(D − d)/n + O(n⁻²), revealing that the classical accuracy is bounded by a standard quantum limit. In contrast, they constructed a quantum strategy based on port-based teleportation that stores the channel directly into a program quantum state using only O(√n) queries — a quadratic improvement. Concretely, where a classical scheme requires roughly 100 queries to reach a target precision, the quantum scheme reaches the same precision with about 10. The approach also yields tighter program-cost bounds for general quantum channels, improving on prior results.
This is significant because, while quantum advantage has been intensely studied for computation, the foundational question of when quantum memory beats classical memory for storing operations themselves remained open, because optimising over all possible classical estimators is analytically intractable. By solving the isometry case in closed form, the paper provides the first rigorous benchmark and establishes a theoretical basis for the practical advantage of quantum memory. The result is expected to guide the design of more efficient quantum computers, quantum repeaters, secure quantum communication, and verifiable quantum protocols. Published in Physical Review Letters 136, 190601 on 13 May 2026 (DOI: 10.1103/fdvq-9m8m) as Editor's Suggestion; UTokyo Faculty of Science press release 14 May 2026.
Related keywords: quantum memory, 量子メモリ, classical memory, 古典メモリ, quantum advantage, 量子優位, 量子アドバンテージ, storage and retrieval, 量子演算の保存, 量子演算の再生, isometry channel, アイソメトリチャネル, isometry operation, アイソメトリ演算, port-based teleportation, ポートベース量子テレポーテーション, quantum teleportation, 量子テレポーテーション, program state, プログラム状態, quadratic speedup, 2次の速度向上, standard quantum limit, 標準量子限界, query complexity, クエリ計算量, quantum channel estimation, 量子チャネル推定, quantum information theory, 量子情報理論, quantum information processing, 量子情報処理, quantum protocols, 量子プロトコル, quantum repeater, 量子中継器, quantum cryptography, 量子暗号, secure quantum communication, 安全な量子通信, verifiable quantum protocol, 検証可能な量子プロトコル, fidelity, 忠実度, asymptotic analysis, 漸近解析, Physical Review Letters, APS, American Physical Society, University of Tokyo, 東京大学, Satoshi Yoshida, 吉田悟士, Jisho Miyazaki, 宮崎自勝, Mio Murao, 村尾美緒, Trans-scale Quantum Science Institute, トランススケール量子科学研究機構, quantum computing, 量子コンピュータ, 物理学, physics
🧵 — "Strings from Almost Nothing": string theory emerges uniquely from a few minimal assumptions about particle scattering, with no strings assumed at the outset (Cheung, Remmen, Sciotti & Tarquini; Caltech / NYU / IFAE, Phys. Rev. Lett.) / 「ほぼ無からの弦」——最初に弦を仮定せず、粒子散乱に関するごく少数の仮定だけから弦理論が一意に立ち現れることを証明(Cheung・Remmen・Sciotti・Tarquini、カリフォルニア工科大学/NYU/IFAE、Physical Review Letters掲載)
Using a "bootstrap" approach — starting from assumptions believed true and seeing what theory must follow — physicists argue that string theory emerges inevitably from a few minimal conditions on particle scattering, without assuming strings to begin with. Clifford Cheung (Caltech), Grant N. Remmen (NYU), Francesco Sciotti (IFAE / Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona) and Michele Tarquini (Caltech) require only that tree-level four-point amplitudes have prescribed vanishing residues plus "ultrasoft" high-energy behaviour.
They prove that the minimally consistent amplitudes are uniquely the Veneziano and Virasoro–Shapiro amplitudes of string theory — automatically reproducing the infinite tower of massive spinning particles (the "harmonics" of a string). "The strings just fell out," said Cheung. This is not experimental evidence, but it is theoretically suggestive: out of infinitely many a-priori possibilities, the assumptions single out strings — relevant to the search for a quantum theory of gravity and a unified description of physics. Caltech / NYU press releases 14 May 2026; arXiv:2508.09246; published in Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 251601, DOI: 10.1103/cw4p-cqh7.
「正しいと信じる仮定から出発し、そこから必然的に従う理論を導く」「ブートストラップ」手法を用い、物理学者らは——最初に弦を仮定することなく——粒子の散乱に関するごく少数の条件だけから弦理論が必然的に立ち現れることを示した。Clifford Cheung氏(カリフォルニア工科大学)、Grant N. Remmen氏(ニューヨーク大学)、Francesco Sciotti氏(IFAE/バルセロナ自治大学)・Michele Tarquini氏(カリフォルニア工科大学)は、ツリーレベルの4点散乱振幅が定められた位置で残差ゼロを持つことと、高エネルギーでの「超ソフト」な振る舞いだけを要請した。
Keywords: string theory, 弦理論, 超弦理論, theory of everything, 万物の理論, quantum gravity, 量子重力, bootstrap, ブートストラップ, scattering amplitudes
🎳 — CMS searches for new physics in triple gauge boson (VVV) production using an effective field theory approach: no excess, but the tightest bounds yet on two dimension-6 Wilson coefficients (CMS Collaboration, submitted to JHEP) / CMSが「3つの重いゲージボソン(VVV)が同時に生まれる」超稀事象で新物理を探索——有効場理論(EFT)の枠組みで解析し、標準模型からの超過は見られず、次元6のウィルソン係数2つに現時点で最も厳しい制限(CERN・CMS国際共同実験、Journal of High Energy Physicsに投稿)
The Standard Model predicts that proton–proton collisions at the LHC can produce three massive gauge bosons at once (VVV, where V is a W or Z). These events are extraordinarily rare, but they are sensitive to both triple and quartic gauge couplings, which makes them a sharp probe of the electroweak sector — and of anything new hiding above it.
The CMS Collaboration targeted the Lorentz-boosted regime in which all three bosons carry transverse momentum above 200 GeV, where Standard Model backgrounds are almost absent. When a boosted W or Z decays hadronically, its products merge into a single large-radius jet whose internal substructure betrays the two quarks; CMS applied dedicated V-tagging techniques to identify these, then categorised events by the number and kinematics of charged leptons and V-tagged jets. No excess over Standard Model expectations was found. Instead the analysis sets bounds on dimension-6 and dimension-8 operators in the SM effective field theory; the two strongest are −0.13 < cW/Λ² < 0.12 TeV⁻² and −0.24 < cHq3/Λ² < 0.21 TeV⁻² at 95% CL, in the Warsaw basis, where Λ is the mass scale of new physics. Analysis CMS-SMP-24-017 / CERN-EP-2026-041, released 14 May 2026 and submitted to the Journal of High Energy Physics (arXiv:2605.15023).
Keywords: CMS, LHC, triboson, トライボソン, VVV production, ゲージボソン, effective field theory, 有効場理論, SMEFT, Wilson coefficient
💡 — Photonic quantum computer "Jiuzhang 4.0" sets a new record for optical quantum advantage: 1,024 squeezed states in an 8,176-mode circuit produce samples with up to 3,050 detected photons, a task estimated at ~10⁵⁴ times faster than the best supercomputer (USTC-led team, Nature) / 光量子コンピュータ「九章4.0(Jiuzhang 4.0)」が光量子超越で新記録——1,024個のスクイーズド状態を8,176モードの回路に入れ、最大3,050個の光子検出イベントを実現。世界最速級スパコンの約10⁵⁴倍とされる速度(中国科学技術大学(USTC)を中心とするチーム、Nature掲載)
A team led by the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) — including the group of Pan Jianwei and Lu Chaoyang, together with Jiuzhang Quantum Technology — has reported Jiuzhang 4.0, a programmable photonic quantum processor that performs Gaussian boson sampling (GBS) at an unprecedented scale. The machine injects 1,024 high-efficiency squeezed states of light into a hybrid spatial–temporal-encoded circuit with 8,176 modes.
By reaching 92% source efficiency and 51% overall system efficiency, the processor registered samples with up to 3,050 detected photons — an order-of-magnitude jump over previous demonstrations and a direct attack on the photon-loss problem that has limited photonic quantum computing. The team estimates that its most complex sample takes about 25 microseconds to generate, whereas the world's fastest supercomputer would need more than 10⁴² years — a quantum-advantage margin of roughly 10⁵⁴. Beyond benchmarking, large-scale GBS can also generate bosonic error-correcting codes, a building block for fault-tolerant optical quantum computing. Published in Nature (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10523-6 (arXiv:2508.09092).
🔱 — A new trio at the LHC: ATLAS finds the first evidence of ZZγ production — two Z bosons and a photon produced simultaneously — with 4.4 standard deviations, observing 8 events against a Standard Model prediction of about 7 signal events (ATLAS Collaboration, CERN; below the 5-sigma discovery threshold) / LHCで新たな「三重生成」——ATLAS実験が2つのZボソンと光子が同時に生成されるZZγ過程の初証拠を有意度4.4標準偏差で報告。標準模型の予測(信号約7事象)に対し8事象を観測(CERN・ATLAS国際共同実験)※発見の基準となる5σには未達で、Run 3以降のデータで確定を目指す
The ATLAS Collaboration at CERN reported the first evidence of ZZγ production — the simultaneous creation of two neutral Z bosons together with a photon — at the Large Hadron Collider. Triboson processes are the rarest class of multi-boson production and are among the most sensitive tests of the Standard Model's electroweak sector: theoretical predictions are extremely precise, so even small discrepancies could point to new physics, and they offer unique sensitivity to quartic boson couplings.
Using the full LHC Run-2 proton–proton dataset (2015–2018), physicists selected events with two Z bosons each decaying into electron or muon pairs, plus an energetic photon — four charged leptons (4e, 2e2μ, or 4μ) and one photon, an extremely rare combination. Theory predicts only about seven signal events in the entire dataset with roughly one background event (mainly jets misidentified as photons). The analysis was performed "blinded"; after unblinding, eight events passed all criteria, spot on with the prediction. The statistical significance is 4.4 standard deviations — strong evidence, though still below the 5-sigma discovery threshold; Run-3 (2022–2026) and future High-Luminosity LHC data should enable a discovery and more detailed electroweak tests (arXiv:2602.17165).
物理学者たちはLHC Run 2の全陽子・陽子衝突データ(2015〜2018年)を用い、2つのZボソンがそれぞれ電子対またはミューオン対に崩壊し、高エネルギーの光子を伴う事象——荷電レプトン4個(4e、2e2μ、4μ)と光子1個という極めて稀な組み合わせ——を選別した。理論の予測では全データ中の信号はわずか約7事象、背景事象(主にジェットの光子への誤識別)は約1事象。バイアスを避けるため解析は「ブラインド」で行われ、開封後に全条件を満たしたのは8事象——予測とぴたり一致した。統計的有意度は4.4標準偏差で、これは背景のみのゆらぎである確率がおよそ1万分の1という強い証拠だが、発見と呼ぶための5σにはまだ届かない。Run 3(2022〜2026年)と将来の高輝度LHC(HL-LHC)のデータにより、この過程の発見と電弱セクターのさらに詳細な検証が可能になる見込みだ(arXiv:2602.17165)。
❄️ — Surrounded by stardust: Antarctic ice 40,000-81,000 years old confirms Earth is continuously collecting supernova-forged iron-60 as the Solar System traverses the Local Interstellar Cloud — the deposition rate was about 5 times lower in the older ice, ruling out a fading ancient supernova and showing the cloud itself stores the radioactive isotope (Koll et al., HZDR / ANU / University of Bonn and others, Phys. Rev. Lett.) / 星屑に囲まれて——4万〜8万1千年前の南極の氷から、太陽系が「局所星間雲」を通過する間、地球が超新星由来の放射性同位体・鉄60を集め続けていることを確認。古い氷では堆積率が約5分の1で、数百万年前の超新星の名残が薄れているだけという説を否定し、星間雲自体が鉄60を蓄えていることを示した(HZDR・オーストラリア国立大・ボン大学などの国際チーム、Physical Review Letters掲載)
Our Solar System is currently passing through the Local Interstellar Cloud (LIC), a region of dilute gas and dust between the stars. An international team led by Dominik Koll of the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), with Anton Wallner and colleagues at the Australian National University, the University of Bonn, the Alfred Wegener Institute and others, has now confirmed that Earth continuously accumulates iron-60 (⁶⁰Fe) — a radioactive isotope with a 2.6-million-year half-life forged only in massive stars and released by supernovae — while inside this cloud. The team analyzed 295 kg of Antarctic ice (EDML core, Kohnen Station) dated to 40,000–81,000 years ago, following their 2019 discovery of ⁶⁰Fe in fresh Antarctic snow.
Counting the atoms required the Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) at ANU — currently the only facility worldwide able to detect such tiny amounts ("like searching for a needle in 50,000 football stadiums filled with hay") — with cross-checks using beryllium-10 and aluminium-26. The key result: the ⁶⁰Fe deposition rate in the old ice was roughly five times lower than in more recent snow and marine sediments. This time variation rules out the alternative explanation of a smoothly fading remnant from supernovae millions of years ago, and instead matches the Solar System's entry into the LIC several tens of thousands of years ago — meaning the cloud itself stores supernova ⁶⁰Fe and Antarctic ice preserves an "interstellar fingerprint" of our galactic journey. The team next plans to analyze even older ice (Beyond EPICA, over 1.2 million years) from before the Solar System entered the cloud. Published in Physical Review Letters 136, 192701 (13 May 2026), DOI: 10.1103/nxjq-jwgp (open access); selected as an APS Physics Synopsis.
♊ — Hawking radiation meets the double copy: black-hole particle production is recast as an electromagnetic scattering problem, letting particle-physics results be "recycled" into gravity (Aoude, O'Connell, Sergola & White, JHEP) / ホーキング放射に「ダブルコピー」を適用——直接観測できないブラックホールの粒子生成を、電磁的な散乱問題に翻訳して計算する道が開ける。素粒子物理の計算結果を重力へ“使い回す”(Journal of High Energy Physics 2026年5月号掲載)
Hawking radiation — the faint quantum emission from a black hole horizon — is far too weak to observe directly, and the mathematics linking gravity to quantum theory is notoriously hard. The double copy offers a way around both problems: a remarkable relationship under which certain gravity calculations can be rewritten as two copies of a corresponding gauge-theory (particle-physics) calculation. As theoretical physicist Chris White of Queen Mary University of London has put it, it lets researchers compute things previously out of reach by recycling existing results in a clever way.
In this paper, Rafael Aoude, Donal O'Connell, Matteo Sergola and Chris White describe an electromagnetic system that is related, through the double copy, to black-hole formation with Hawking radiation. They consider a massless scalar particle scattering through a collapsing electromagnetic background — the "single copy" of the Vaidya collapse metric — and identify the Feynman diagrams that exponentiate in the geometric-optics limit. The Bogoliubov coefficients extracted from this diagrammatic approach are reproduced by an independent semiclassical ray-tracing calculation of null rays in the same background, and the resulting number distribution is interpreted thermodynamically. The work sits alongside two companion analyses published in Physical Review Letters in February 2026, which together indicate that physics intrinsic to black holes is encoded in gauge theory. Published in Journal of High Energy Physics 2026, 166, DOI: 10.1007/JHEP05(2026)166 (arXiv:2510.25866).
本論文でRafael Aoude、Donal O'Connell、Matteo Sergola、Chris Whiteの各氏は、ダブルコピーを通じて「ホーキング放射を伴うブラックホール生成」と結びつく電磁的な系を記述した。具体的には、崩壊していく電磁場背景——Vaidya崩壊計量の「シングルコピー」——の中を通過する質量ゼロのスカラー粒子の散乱を考え、幾何光学極限で指数化するファインマン図を同定する。この図的手法から得られるボゴリューボフ係数は、同じ背景中のヌル測地線を半古典的にレイトレーシングする独立計算によって再現され、得られた粒子数分布は熱力学的に解釈される。本研究は、2026年2月に『Physical Review Letters』へ掲載された2本の関連論文と並ぶもので、これらを合わせると、ブラックホール固有の物理がゲージ理論の中に符号化されていることが示唆される。『Journal of High Energy Physics』2026年、166、DOI: 10.1007/JHEP05(2026)166(arXiv:2510.25866)。
🌌 — Detecting dark matter through gravitational waves: a new scalar-field waveform model finds a tentative dark-matter imprint in LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA event GW190728 (Aurrekoetxea–Roy–Vicente–Clough–Ferreira; MIT / UCLouvain / Univ. of Amsterdam / Queen Mary Univ. of London / Univ. of Oxford, Phys. Rev. Lett.) / ダークマターを“重力波で聞く”——連星ブラックホール周りのスカラー場波形モデルが、LIGO-Virgo-KAGRAイベントGW190728にダークマターの痕跡の可能性を発見(MIT・UCLouvain・アムステルダム大・Queen Mary・Oxford 国際チーム、Physical Review Letters掲載)
An international team led by Josu C. Aurrekoetxea (Center for Theoretical Physics, MIT) with Soumen Roy (UCLouvain / Royal Observatory of Belgium, LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA member), Rodrigo Vicente (GRAPPA, University of Amsterdam), Katy Clough (Queen Mary University of London) and Pedro G. Ferreira (University of Oxford) has applied, for the first time, a semi-analytic waveform model for binary black hole inspirals "dressed" with a light scalar-field dark-matter environment — validated against full numerical relativity simulations — to publicly released LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) data. Light scalar fields — including ultralight ("fuzzy") dark matter and axion-like particles — arise naturally in many beyond-Standard-Model scenarios and are some of the most compelling dark-matter candidates known.
The crucial physical effect is that a sufficiently dense scalar-field environment surrounding a binary black hole exchanges energy and angular momentum with the binary through dynamical friction and accretion, accelerating the inspiral and slightly distorting the emitted gravitational waveform — a tiny but characteristic deviation from the standard vacuum prediction of general relativity. By solving the coupled scalar–binary dynamics self-consistently (rather than using a static "dark-matter spike" frozen in place), the team obtained a waveform template suitable for use in a Bayesian analysis of the GWTC-3 LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA catalog.
Applying the model to the GWTC-3 events, the authors obtain physically meaningful upper limits on scalar-field environments around most compact binaries — i.e., most events are consistent with vacuum. However, two events stand out: GW190728 and GW190814 — for both of these, the vacuum (no-scalar) hypothesis lies outside the 95% credible region. When superradiance priors are additionally included, GW190728 (detected on 28 July 2019) shows tentative evidence for a scalar environment with a Bayes factor of ln 𝓑_vac^env ≈ 3.5; if confirmed by independent reanalysis, this would point to a new light scalar particle with mass ~10⁻¹² eV. The authors explicitly stress that this statistical significance is not yet at the threshold for a discovery — but the result establishes a methodologically clean way to probe dark matter at sub-AU scales, scales far smaller than any direct-detection experiment can access. As LVK collects more events through O4/O5 and next-generation observatories (Einstein Telescope, Cosmic Explorer, LISA) come online, the sensitivity of this gravitational-wave channel to dark matter is expected to improve dramatically. Published in Physical Review Letters 136, 191402 (12 May 2026); DOI: 10.1103/fv9z-zkxx; arXiv:2510.17967.
MIT理論物理学センターのJosu C. Aurrekoetxea研究員を筆頭著者とし、ベルギー・UCLouvain/王立ベルギー天文台のSoumen Roy博士(LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA共同研究メンバー)、アムステルダム大GRAPPAのRodrigo Vicente博士、ロンドン大学Queen MaryのKaty Clough博士、Oxford大のPedro G. Ferreira教授からなる国際チームは、連星ブラックホール周りに「軽いスカラー場ダークマター環境」をまとった半解析的(semi-analytic)波形モデルを構築し、数値相対論シミュレーションで検証したうえで、LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA(LVK)公開データに世界で初めて適用した。軽いスカラー場——超軽量(fuzzy)ダークマターやアクシオン様粒子を含む——は、標準模型を超える理論で自然に現れ、もっとも有力なダークマター候補のひとつである。
Related keywords: dark matter, 暗黒物質, ダークマター, gravitational waves, 重力波, binary black hole, 連星ブラックホール, black hole merger, ブラックホール合体, LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA, LVK, GW190728, scalar field dark matter, スカラー場ダークマター, ultralight dark matter, 超軽量ダークマター, fuzzy dark matter, ファジィダークマター, axion-like particle, アクシオン様粒子, dark matter dress, ダークマタードレス, dark matter spike, ダークマタースパイク, dynamical friction, 動的摩擦, accretion, 降着, compact binary inspiral, インスパイラル, waveform model, 波形モデル, matched filter, マッチドフィルタ, observing run, O1, O2, O3, O4, Einstein Telescope, アインシュタイン望遠鏡, Cosmic Explorer, コズミック・エクスプローラ, LISA, レーザー干渉計宇宙アンテナ, Physical Review Letters, PRL, MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, マサチューセッツ工科大学, Center for Theoretical Physics, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Royal Observatory of Belgium, ベルギー王立天文台, University of Amsterdam, アムステルダム大学, GRAPPA, Queen Mary University of London, クイーン・メアリー・ロンドン大学, University of Oxford, オックスフォード大学, Josu Aurrekoetxea, Soumen Roy, Rodrigo Vicente, Katy Clough, Pedro Ferreira, general relativity, 一般相対性理論, beyond standard model, 標準模型を超えた物理, new physics, 新物理, 物理学, physics
🌀 — Angular momentum seen flowing between two crystal vibrations for the first time — and its rotation reverses: circularly polarized terahertz pulses drive a chiral phonon in topological insulator Bi₂Se₃, then anharmonic three-phonon (Umklapp) scattering transfers the angular momentum to another mode (Fritz Haber Institute & HZDR, Nature Physics) / 結晶の2つの振動の間を「角運動量」が流れる様子を初めて直接観測——しかも途中で回転の向きが反転。円偏光テラヘルツ光でトポロジカル絶縁体Bi₂Se₃のカイラル・フォノンを駆動し、非調和な三フォノン散乱(ウムクラップ散乱)を介して別のモードへ角運動量が移動(フリッツ・ハーバー研究所・HZDR共同、Nature Physics掲載)
A team led by physicists at the Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society (Berlin), with the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), has directly observed — and controlled — the transfer of angular momentum between two distinct lattice-vibration modes (phonons) inside a crystal, in real time. The vibrations of atoms can carry an intrinsic, spin-like rotation (phonon angular momentum); how that rotation flows and is conserved among modes had remained a more-than-century-old gap since the pioneering Einstein–de Haas and Barnett experiments.
The team chose a 15-nanometre-thin single-crystal film of the topological insulator bismuth selenide (Bi₂Se₃), whose threefold rotational symmetry is ideal. An intense circularly polarized terahertz pulse drove the atoms along circular paths in an infrared-active phonon mode; the crystal's intrinsic anharmonicity then coupled that spinning phonon, via rotational phonon–phonon Umklapp scattering, to a second mode oscillating at twice the frequency (about 4 THz). A second ultrashort probe pulse stroboscopically "photographed" the lattice motion. Strikingly, during the transfer the direction of rotation reverses — a consequence of the lattice's pseudo-angular-momentum conservation and rotational symmetry. The work opens "helical and chiral nonlinear phononics" as a selective handle for ultrafast control of spins, topology and magnetism in quantum materials, with relevance to demagnetization and qubit control. Published in Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03274-8 (arXiv:2503.11626).
🕸️ — JWST's COSMOS-Web survey yields the most detailed map yet of the cosmic web, placing 164,000 galaxies across ~13.7 billion years of cosmic history (Hatamnia, Mobasher et al., UC Riverside, The Astrophysical Journal) / JWSTの大規模観測「COSMOS-Web」が宇宙網のこれまでで最も詳細な地図を作成——約137億年の宇宙史にわたり16万4000個の銀河を配置(Hatamnia・Mobasherら、カリフォルニア大学リバーサイド校、The Astrophysical Journal掲載)
The cosmic web is the Universe's skeleton-like framework: filaments and sheets of dark matter and gas surrounding vast, near-empty voids, linking galaxies across enormous distances. Using COSMOS-Web — the largest JWST survey to date — an international team led by the University of California, Riverside (Hossein Hatamnia and Bahram Mobasher) produced the most detailed map of this structure yet.
The map places 164,000 galaxies across roughly 13.7 billion years of cosmic history, tracing large-scale structure back to when the Universe was only about one billion years old (redshift z ≈ 7) and revealing previously unseen filaments and clusters. The analysis pipeline, the galaxy catalogue and a video showing the cosmic web evolving over billions of years were released publicly. Collaborators span the US, Denmark, Chile, France, Finland, Switzerland, Japan, China, Germany and Italy. Published in The Astrophysical Journal (2026), DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ae5bac; press release 11–12 May 2026.
🗳️ — A survey of more than 1,600 physicists finds strikingly little consensus — even ΛCDM, the standard model of cosmology, falls short of majority support (Afshordi & Harper with APS Physics Magazine) / 1,600人超の物理学者への調査で「合意のなさ」が浮き彫りに——宇宙論の標準模型ΛCDMですら過半数の支持を得られず。量子重力の最有力候補である超弦理論も支持は19%(ペリメーター研究所/ウォータールー大学のNiayesh Afshordi氏と共著者のPhil Harper氏、米物理学会Physics Magazine)
Building on an earlier survey by two of the authors, the American Physical Society's Physics Magazine ran a ten-question survey covering the biggest open controversies in cosmology, particle physics and general relativity. More than 1,600 people responded, making it — to the authors' knowledge — the largest survey to date focused specifically on physicists' views of open questions in physics, as distinct from broader surveys about careers, education or the workforce.
The headline finding is how few "standard answers" command majority support. Even ΛCDM (Lambda Cold Dark Matter), the standard model of cosmology, did not reach a majority — plausibly reflecting results from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) hinting that dark energy may evolve rather than stay constant. On quantum gravity, string theory remains the most popular answer at just 19%, closely followed by loop quantum gravity (12%) and by the view that gravity cannot be quantized at all (18%). Majority agreement appeared on only two points: that the Big Bang does not mark the beginning of time, and that cosmic inflation occurred. Niayesh Afshordi (Perimeter Institute / University of Waterloo), who led the study with coauthor Phil Harper, frames the result not as confusion but as a sign that the frontier is alive. The anonymized dataset was released for independent analysis. Published in Physics 19, 34 (12 May 2026). ※編集部は2026年5月18日付で「物理学史上最大の調査」という表現を訂正し、キャリア・教育など他分野を扱うより大規模な調査が存在すると注記している。
Keywords: physicist survey, 物理学者調査, LCDM, ΛCDM, standard model of cosmology, 宇宙論の標準模型, dark energy, ダークエネルギー, DESI, quantum gravity
🐱 — One of the largest Schrödinger-cat states yet: bound clusters of seven ultracold atoms (≈608 atomic mass units) tunnel together through a barrier and split into a spatial quantum superposition — a scalable route to massive superpositions (Yang group, Southern University of Science and Technology, Nature Physics) / これまでで最大級のシュレーディンガーの猫状態——7個の極低温原子が結合したクラスター(質量約608原子質量単位)が障壁を一体で量子トンネルし、空間的な量子重ね合わせに分裂。巨視的な重ね合わせへ拡張できる手法(南方科技大学・楊冰グループ、Nature Physics掲載)
Quantum tunnelling — a particle crossing a barrier it classically could not — normally becomes vanishingly weak as mass grows, so spatial superpositions of more than a single atom are hard to make. A team led by Bing Yang at the Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) trapped ultracold rubidium-87 atoms in a double-well optical superlattice and bound several of them together through on-site interactions.
When seven atoms bind into a cluster, they tunnel as a single composite object of about 608 atomic mass units through a barrier higher than their kinetic energy, generating a spatially separated Schrödinger-cat state with the two parts roughly 320 nm apart. Crucially, by tuning the interaction so that the exponential base of the tunnelling strength approaches unity, the team sharply slows the way tunnelling decays with mass — a scalable strategy. The group now aims beyond the current ~100-atom limit, and such massive superpositions could help probe where quantum mechanics meets gravity. Published in Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03281-9 (arXiv:2502.06246).
🔭 — Hubble maps 1.1 square degrees of the Milky Way's bulge to set up NASA's Roman Space Telescope: over 350 images taken across about 14 months give a "before" epoch that will let Roman pin down the masses of microlensing exoplanets, rogue planets, and hidden neutron stars and black holes (Terry et al., University of Maryland / NASA Goddard, The Astrophysical Journal Letters; Roman launch targeted as soon as early September 2026) / ハッブル宇宙望遠鏡が天の川銀河バルジの1.1平方度を精密撮像し、NASAの次期主力機ローマン宇宙望遠鏡の観測を先回りで支援——約14か月で350枚超の画像を取得。ローマンのマイクロレンズ観測と比較する「事前の1コマ」となり、系外惑星・浮遊惑星・見えない中性子星やブラックホールの質量決定を可能にする(メリーランド大学/NASAゴダードのTerryら、The Astrophysical Journal Letters掲載。ローマンは早ければ2026年9月上旬打ち上げ予定)
Before NASA's Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope begins its Galactic Bulge Time-Domain Survey (GBTDS) — expected to find over a thousand wide-orbit exoplanets plus rogue planets, isolated neutron stars and black holes via gravitational microlensing — astronomers have used the Hubble Space Telescope to pre-image the same region. A team led by Sean K. Terry (University of Maryland / NASA Goddard) surveyed 1.1 square degrees toward the Milky Way's bulge with coordinated parallel imaging by Hubble's two wide-field cameras (WFC3 and ACS) in the F606W and F814W passbands, gathering more than 350 individual images across about 14 months (roughly 70% in HST Cycle 32 and 30% in Cycle 33).
The pay-off: microlensing events are fleeting alignments, and comparing Hubble's "before" images with Roman's later data will let astronomers disentangle the lensing star from the background source, measure their motions, and — crucially — convert planet-to-star mass ratios into absolute masses (e.g., confidently identifying a Saturn-mass planet orbiting a 0.8-solar-mass star). The field also contains many thousands of historical ground-based microlensing events, some detected over 20 years ago, whose sources and lenses can now be resolved. The Roman team is targeting launch as soon as early September 2026. Published 11 May 2026 in The Astrophysical Journal Letters 1003, L1, DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ae53e8.
NASAのナンシー・グレース・ローマン宇宙望遠鏡は、中核サーベイ「銀河バルジ時間領域サーベイ(GBTDS)」で、重力マイクロレンズ法により地球より外側の軌道を回る系外惑星を1000個以上、さらに浮遊惑星や孤立した中性子星・ブラックホールまで発見すると期待されている。その開始に先立ち、ハッブル宇宙望遠鏡で同じ領域を先回りして撮像するサーベイが行われた。Sean K. Terry氏(メリーランド大学/NASAゴダード宇宙飛行センター)率いるチームは、ハッブルの2台の広視野カメラ(WFC3とACS)による同時並行撮像(F606W・F814Wバンド)で天の川銀河バルジ方向の1.1平方度を観測し、約14か月間で350枚超の画像を取得した(約70%がHSTサイクル32、残り30%がサイクル33)。
Keywords: Hubble Space Telescope, ハッブル宇宙望遠鏡, Roman Space Telescope, ローマン宇宙望遠鏡, Galactic bulge, 銀河バルジ, Galactic Bulge Time-Domain Survey, GBTDS, gravitational microlensing, 重力マイクロレンズ
🪢 — Neither boson nor fermion: a theory of one-dimensional "anyons" with continuously tunable exchange statistics, plus a recipe to observe them in ultracold atoms via their momentum distribution (Hidalgo-Sacoto, Busch & Blume, OIST & University of Oklahoma, Phys. Rev. A ×2) / ボソンでもフェルミオンでもない——交換統計を連続的に調整できる1次元「エニオン」の理論的枠組みを構築し、極低温原子系で運動量分布から観測するための「レシピ」を提示(沖縄科学技術大学院大学(OIST)・米オクラホマ大学、Physical Review A 2編)
In our three-dimensional world, every known particle is either a boson or a fermion, defined by what happens to the quantum state when two identical particles are exchanged. In lower dimensions this dichotomy breaks down: a third class, anyons — predicted since the 1970s and observed experimentally in two-dimensional semiconductor systems in 2020 — can interpolate continuously between the two. In two joint papers in Physical Review A, Raúl Hidalgo-Sacoto and Thomas Busch of the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) and D. Blume of the University of Oklahoma identify a one-dimensional system in which anyons can exist and work out their properties.
The papers establish the exchange statistics of two identical 1D anyons with short-range (zero-range) interactions, their scattering theory, and a mapping connecting bosonic-type and fermionic-type anyons, all governed by a statistics parameter α that can be dialled between 0 and 1. Crucially, they show that the anyonic character leaves a universal fingerprint in the momentum-distribution tail — an observable accessible with today's ultracold-atom experiments, where control over single particles has advanced rapidly. The papers were published in Phys. Rev. A 112(6) on 11 December 2025 (DOI: 10.1103/h2vs-ll9d and 10.1103/zf6z-2jjs); OIST announced the results in February 2026, and the work was featured again by ScienceDaily on 8 May 2026.
⏱️ — A decade-old puzzle in the thorium-229 nuclear clock is resolved: the half-life of the singly charged ²²⁹ᵐTh⁺ isomer is measured at 0.46(8) s — orders of magnitude off the known decay channels, pointing indirectly to a long-sought "electronic-bridge" decay (Shigekawa, Yamaguchi et al., RIKEN, Nature Physics) / トリウム229原子核時計をめぐる約10年来の謎が決着——単一荷電の²²⁹ᵐTh⁺異性体の半減期を0.46(8)秒と測定。既知の崩壊経路とは桁違いで、長らく探されてきた「電子ブリッジ崩壊」の存在を間接的に示唆(理研・Shigekawa・Yamaguchiら、Nature Physics掲載)
Thorium-229 has an extraordinarily low-lying nuclear excited state — the isomer ²²⁹ᵐTh, only about 8 eV above the ground state — which makes it the leading candidate for a nuclear clock far more stable than today's atomic clocks. Because that energy is comparable to valence-electron energies, the isomer's lifetime depends strongly on the atom's charge state, and for roughly a decade the singly charged ion's lifetime looked anomalously short compared with theory.
A team including Y. Shigekawa and A. Yamaguchi (RIKEN) produced ²²⁹ᵐTh⁺ through a charge-exchange reaction inside an ion trap and detected the isomers from the electrons emitted by internal conversion. They measured a half-life of 0.46(8) s, which differs by several orders of magnitude from the half-lives expected for internal conversion and radiative decay. The most natural explanation is the long-sought electronic-bridge decay — a higher-order process in which the nucleus de-excites via an electronic transition — providing the first indirect evidence for it and a route to control nuclear de-excitation in a future thorium clock. Published in Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03251-1; see also the accompanying News & Views, DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03310-7.
🪢 — Isolated magnetic hopfions created by laser and seen directly for the first time: femtosecond pulses nucleate 3D knotted spin textures in the chiral magnet FeGe (Zheng, Kiselev, Rybakov, Fu et al., Nature Physics) / 孤立した「ホップフィオン」をレーザーで作り、初めて直接観測——フェムト秒レーザーパルスでキラル磁性体FeGe中に3次元の“結び目”スピン構造を生成し、ローレンツ透過電子顕微鏡で捉える(華南理工大学・南開大学・ユーリッヒ研究センターほか、Nature Physics掲載)
Topological solitons are localised magnetisation configurations that behave like particles inside a magnetic material, typically only tens of nanometres across, and whose structure cannot be smoothly unwound into a uniform state. Among them the hopfion — a three-dimensional object made of closed loops of continuously swirling spin, resembling linked or knotted vortex rings — has been the hardest to realise. Until now hopfions had been seen in magnetic crystals only in unusual composite configurations, with hopfion rings threaded onto skyrmion strings, even though theory predicted stable isolated ones should exist.
A collaboration spanning South China University of Technology, Nankai University, Forschungszentrum Jülich, South China Normal University, the University of Luxembourg and Uppsala University has now nucleated and directly observed isolated hopfions in the cubic chiral magnet FeGe. Circularly polarized femtosecond laser pulses were fired at the sample inside a transmission electron microscope, and the resulting spin textures imaged by Lorentz TEM. The nucleation conditions were mapped as a function of laser fluence and applied magnetic field, and a single pulse was found to produce a whole zoo of textures — hopfion clusters, hopfion–skyrmion pairs and hopfion–antiskyrmion pairs. Quantitative agreement with micromagnetic simulations supports the identification, and the authors derive the topological invariant for hopfions under realistic rather than idealized boundary conditions, computing integer values for the observed objects. Published in Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03236-0.
💠 — First NMR look inside record-holding "superhydride" superconductors: microstructured Lenz lenses focus radio-frequency fields onto tens-of-micrometre samples in a diamond anvil cell at over a million atmospheres (HZDR-led international team, Advanced Science) / 転移温度の記録を持つ「超水素化物」超伝導体の内部を核磁気共鳴(NMR)で初観測——微細加工した「レンツレンズ」でラジオ波を数十マイクロメートルの試料に集束させ、100万気圧超のダイヤモンドアンビルセル内のランタン超水素化物を原子レベルで分析(独ヘルムホルツ・ツェントルム・ドレスデン・ロッセンドルフ(HZDR)ら国際チーム、Advanced Science掲載)
Superhydrides — hydrogen-rich compounds such as lanthanum hydrides, in which a metal atom sits inside a densely packed hydrogen lattice — currently hold the record for the highest critical temperatures at which signs of superconductivity have been observed, but only under pressures exceeding a million atmospheres inside diamond anvil cells. Because the samples measure just tens of micrometres, probing their atomic-scale physics has been exceptionally hard. An international team including the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) has now performed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy on lanthanum superhydrides under such extreme pressures for the first time.
The key is the use of Lenz lenses — microfabricated conductive ring elements placed on the diamond anvil — which concentrate the radio-frequency fields required for NMR precisely into the tiny sample volume. "With the use of Lenz lenses, we were able to amplify the high-frequency signal to such an extent that, for the first time, meaningful NMR data became accessible for superhydrides," explains Dr. Florian Bärtl of HZDR's Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HLD). The measurements give direct atomic-level information that complements earlier resistance studies in pulsed high magnetic fields, and open a new window onto how these near-room-temperature superconductors work. Published in Advanced Science (2026), DOI: 10.1002/advs.202520701.
☄️ — The highest-energy cosmic rays may be heavier than iron: calculations show "ultraheavy" nuclei lose energy more slowly than protons over cosmic distances, which could explain the 244-EeV "Amaterasu" particle and narrow its possible sources (Zhang, Murase et al., Penn State / Kyoto, Phys. Rev. Lett.) / 最高エネルギーの宇宙線は鉄より重い原子核かもしれない——「超重核」は宇宙空間で陽子よりエネルギーを失いにくいとの計算。244 EeVの「アマテラス粒子」を説明し、起源候補を絞り込める可能性(ペンシルベニア州立大学・京大ら、Zhang・Muraseら、Physical Review Letters掲載)※理論・計算による提案。今後の組成測定による検証が必要
Ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays strike Earth with energies far beyond any accelerator. The most extreme example, the "Amaterasu" particle (≈244 EeV, detected by the Telescope Array in Utah in 2021), appeared to arrive from the nearly empty Local Void with no obvious source — and even its identity (proton, light nucleus, or heavy nucleus) was unknown. A team led by Kohta Murase (Penn State), with B. T. Zhang (Yukawa Institute, Kyoto University) and collaborators at Virginia Tech, used detailed computations to test whether the answer lies in composition rather than a missing source.
Their calculations find that ultraheavy nuclei — heavier than iron — lose energy more slowly than protons or lighter nuclei while crossing the radiation fields of intergalactic space, letting them reach Earth at the most extreme energies. The most promising factories for such nuclei would be massive stars collapsing into black holes, strongly magnetized neutron stars, and binary neutron-star mergers (also gravitational-wave sources) that power gamma-ray bursts. If correct, next-generation observatories should measure a composition heavier than iron at the very highest energies. Published in Physical Review Letters (2026), DOI: 10.1103/221m-gvs3 (arXiv:2405.17409).
超高エネルギー宇宙線は、いかなる加速器をもはるかに超えるエネルギーで地球に降り注ぐ。その最も極端な例である「アマテラス粒子」(約244 EeV、2021年に米ユタ州のTelescope Arrayが検出)は、ほぼ空っぽの「ローカル・ボイド」方向から、明らかな発生源もなく到来したように見え、その正体(陽子か、軽い原子核か、重い原子核か)すら分かっていなかった。Kohta Murase(村瀬孔大)氏(ペンシルベニア州立大学)を中心に、B. T. Zhang氏(京都大学・基礎物理学研究所)やバージニア工科大学の研究者らが、その答えが「発生源の欠如」ではなく組成にあるかを計算で検証した。
Keywords: ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays, 超高エネルギー宇宙線, Amaterasu particle, アマテラス粒子, ultraheavy nuclei, 超重核, cosmic ray composition, 宇宙線組成, Telescope Array, Local Void
🏗️ — DUNE reaches a turning point: Fermilab, SURF and CERN begin lowering about 10 million pounds of steel a mile underground to build the far detector of the giant U.S. long-baseline neutrino experiment, targeting first beam in 2031 (Fermilab / SURF / CERN) / 巨大ニュートリノ実験DUNEが節目に——フェルミ研・SURF・CERNが、約1,000万ポンド(約4,500トン)の鋼材を地下1マイルへ搬入開始。米国の長基線ニュートリノ実験の遠方検出器を建設し、2031年の初ビームを目指す(Fermilab/SURF/CERN)
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), at the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility, will fire the world's most intense neutrino beam 800 miles (≈1,300 km) from Fermilab in Illinois to detectors a mile underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in South Dakota, to study how neutrinos change type and why the universe is made of matter rather than antimatter. On 7 May 2026, officials from the U.S. Department of Energy, members of Congress, and the leaders of Fermilab, SURF and CERN gathered in Lead, South Dakota — signing the beams — to mark a major construction milestone.
The event began the lowering of about 10 million pounds of structural steel (≈4,500 tonnes) a mile underground to form the support structures for DUNE's massive far-detector modules. The steel is an in-kind contribution from CERN — its first investment in infrastructure for an experiment outside Europe. "Today represents the start of a pivotal phase for DUNE," said Fermilab Director Norbert Holtkamp. With underground installation now under way, Fermilab's priority is to deliver the first neutrino beam to DUNE by 2031. The collaboration spans more than 1,500 scientists worldwide.
Keywords: DUNE, Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment, 深地下ニュートリノ実験, LBNF, Fermilab, フェルミ研究所, SURF, Sanford Underground Research Facility, CERN, neutrino oscillation
🧊 — "Quantum metallurgy": electron crystals accumulate defects and melt just as atomic solids do, spanning a continuum from order to disorder (Shen & Hovden, University of Michigan, Matter) / 「量子冶金学」——電子が作る結晶(電荷密度波)も、原子の固体と同じように欠陥を溜めながら融ける。秩序から無秩序までが連続的につながっていることを実証(ミシガン大学工学部、Jeremy Shen・Robert Hovdenら、Matter掲載)
In an ordinary conductor free electrons are spread evenly. Sometimes, however, they bunch into uniformly spaced clusters, producing a wave-like pattern of alternating high and low electron density known as a charge density wave (CDW) — an "electron crystal" whose ordering mirrors the atomic lattice of a real crystal. CDWs are usually pictured as highly ordered, static objects.
Researchers at University of Michigan Engineering, with Robert Hovden as corresponding author, show that this picture is incomplete. Studying materials including tantalum sulfide, and combining electron diffraction with computational modelling, they find that electron crystals accumulate defects as they melt, exactly as atomic solids do — passing through an intermediate, partially disordered regime and, ultimately, melting completely into an electronic "liquid" in which the ordered periodic arrangement of clusters disappears (even though nothing flows the way a physical liquid does). The practical point is control: because superconducting states can coexist with defects in charge density waves, precisely editing that defect structure offers a handle on superconductors; and because CDWs impede conduction in some metals, tuning them allows rapid switching between conductor and insulator — behaviour reminiscent of how neurons transmit signals, and of interest for neuromorphic computing. "Metallurgists often control defects, or disorder, in metals to produce specific properties," Hovden notes; a similar approach might work for quantum materials. Published in Matter (2026), DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2026.102665.
Keywords: charge density wave, 電荷密度波, CDW, electron crystal, 電子結晶, melting, 融解, defect, 欠陥, quantum metallurgy
🔬 — Photographing the "flat bands" of magic-angle graphene: the quantum twisting microscope directly images how interactions reshape the bands, revealing electrons that are simultaneously "light" and "heavy" (Ilani group, Weizmann Institute, Nature) / 魔法角グラフェンの「フラットバンド」を直接撮影——量子ツイスト顕微鏡(QTM)で相互作用がバンドをどう作り変えるかを可視化し、同じ電子が『軽く』も『重く』もなる二重性を解明(ワイツマン科学研究所・Ilani研究室、Nature掲載)
Magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG) — two graphene sheets stacked with a ~1.1° twist — hosts ultra-flat electronic bands that give rise to superconductivity and a zoo of correlated phases. But the precise shape of those bands, once electron–electron interactions are switched on, had stayed hidden for lack of a high-resolution momentum-space probe. A team led by Shahal Ilani at the Weizmann Institute used the quantum twisting microscope (QTM) — an instrument that tunnels electrons between a sample and a graphene-tipped probe at a tunable twist — to directly image the interacting energy bands with unprecedented momentum and energy resolution.
Away from the magic angle the measured bands follow ordinary single-particle theory. At the magic angle, however, interactions completely transform them: the same band shows "light" (fast, itinerant) electrons at some momenta and "heavy" (slow, localized) electrons at others. On doping, the interplay of these light and heavy components drives bandwidth renormalization and Mott-like cascades. The result resolves a long-standing puzzle — the "dual nature" of MATBG's electrons — by showing it springs from electrons at different momenta within the same topological, heavy-fermion-like flat bands, and establishes the QTM as a powerful spectroscopic tool for quantum materials. Published in Nature 653, 68–75 (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10378-x.
💎 — The acoustic Purcell effect, seen at last: a nanomechanical resonator built around a single diamond colour centre channels its "phonon emission" into one 12-GHz mode, speeding spin relaxation tenfold (Loncar group, Harvard, Nature) / 音の「パーセル効果」を初観測——ダイヤモンド中の単一カラーセンターの周りに微小機械振動子を作り込み、“フォノン放出”を12 GHzの単一音響モードに集中させてスピン緩和を10倍高速化(ハーバード大学・Loncar研究室、Nature掲載)
In the 1940s Edward Purcell showed that placing an atom inside an electromagnetic resonator speeds up how fast it emits light — the Purcell effect, now a workhorse of quantum optics. Its acoustic analogue, in which an artificial atom in a solid relaxes by emitting phonons (quanta of sound) funnelled into a single engineered mechanical mode, had long been predicted but never cleanly observed. A team led by Marko Lončar at Harvard now reports the acoustic Purcell effect using a silicon-vacancy (SiV) colour centre — an atom-like spin qubit — embedded in a purpose-built diamond optomechanical crystal.
A co-localized optical mode lets the team read the colour centre with single-photon-level laser spectroscopy at millikelvin temperatures. When the spin qubit is tuned into resonance with the resonator's 12-GHz acoustic mode, its spin relaxation speeds up roughly tenfold, the signature of phonon emission being channelled into that single mode. The same colour centre also served as an atomic-scale probe of the structure's broadband phonon spectrum up to 28 GHz. Controlling spin–phonon coupling this way is a step toward phonon-based quantum networks, transducers and memories. Published in Nature (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10495-7.
Keywords: acoustic Purcell effect, 音響パーセル効果, Purcell effect, パーセル効果, spin-phonon coupling, スピン・フォノン結合, color center, カラーセンター, silicon vacancy, シリコン空孔
🛤️ — Quantum logic "on the move": electron-spin qubits shuttled through silicon undergo two-qubit gates at ~99% fidelity and are teleported across 320 nm (Vandersypen group, QuTech / TU Delft, Nature) / 「動かしながら」量子演算——シリコン中で電子スピン量子ビットを運搬しつつ2量子ビットゲートを約99%の忠実度で実行し、320 nm離れた量子ビット間で量子テレポーテーションを実証(QuTech/デルフト工科大学・Vandersypen研究室、Nature掲載)
Scaling up spin-qubit processors needs not only high-fidelity gates but flexible connectivity — the ability to rearrange which qubits talk to which. Mobile qubits, physically shuttled across a chip, promise exactly that reconfigurability, much as trapped ions and optically tweezed atoms are moved in other platforms. Coherent shuttling of electron spins in silicon was shown recently, but a key open question remained: can you perform quantum gates directly on the moving spins? A team led by Lieven Vandersypen at QuTech / TU Delft (first author Y. Matsumoto) answers yes.
In a silicon device, the authors shuttle two electron-spin qubits and operate on them while in motion, demonstrating a two-qubit logic gate with about 99% fidelity and, crucially, quantum-state teleportation between qubits separated by 320 nm. Combining high-fidelity gates with on-chip transport means a processor could reconfigure its connectivity during operation, run different error-correcting codes on the same hardware, and dedicate regions to specific tasks such as measurement or entanglement generation. It is an important step toward scalable, reconfigurable silicon spin-qubit quantum computers. Published in Nature 653, 391–397 (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10423-9.
🌗 — Chandrayaan-2 radar finds signatures of buried water ice in "doubly shadowed" craters near the Moon's south pole — regions that receive neither direct sunlight nor indirect (secondary) illumination (Sinha et al., ISRO/PRL, npj Space Exploration) / チャンドラヤーン2号のレーダーが、月南極域の「二重に影になった」クレーターで地下水氷の兆候を検出——直接の太陽光も間接光(散乱光)も届かない領域を二周波合成開口レーダー(DFSAR)で解析(インド物理研究所(PRL)・ISROのSinhaら、npj Space Exploration掲載)※レーダー観測に基づく間接的な証拠であり、確定には今後の探査が必要
Permanently shadowed regions near the lunar poles are prime candidates for hosting water ice, a critical resource for future exploration. A team led by Rishitosh K. Sinha (Physical Research Laboratory, with colleagues from India's lunar programme) analysed data from the Dual-Frequency Synthetic Aperture Radar (DFSAR) aboard India's Chandrayaan-2 orbiter, focusing on so-called "doubly shadowed" craters — locations shielded not only from direct sunlight but also from indirect, secondary illumination scattered off surrounding terrain, making them among the coldest and most sheltered spots on the Moon.
The radar polarimetry reveals scattering signatures consistent with ice buried beneath the surface in these doubly shadowed craters near the south pole. Because such sites are even better at trapping volatiles than ordinary permanently shadowed regions, they mark promising targets for future landers and resource prospecting — including follow-up missions in the Chandrayaan programme. As with all orbital radar detections, the evidence is indirect, and definitive confirmation awaits future in-situ exploration. Published in npj Space Exploration 2, 22 (6 May 2026), DOI: 10.1038/s44453-026-00038-9; the finding drew wide coverage in India in late May.
月の極域にある永久影領域は、将来の探査にとって重要な資源である水の氷が存在する有力候補地だ。Rishitosh K. Sinha氏(インド物理研究所, PRL)らのチームは、インドの月周回機チャンドラヤーン2号に搭載された二周波合成開口レーダー(DFSAR)のデータを解析した。対象は「二重に影になった(doubly shadowed)」クレーター——直接の太陽光だけでなく、周囲の地形で散乱された間接光(二次照明)さえ届かない、月面で最も低温で閉ざされた場所である。
レーダー偏波解析の結果、南極付近のこれらの二重影クレーターに、地下に埋もれた氷と整合する散乱シグネチャが見つかった。このような場所は通常の永久影領域よりもさらに揮発性物質を閉じ込めやすいため、チャンドラヤーン計画の後続ミッションを含む、将来の着陸機や資源探査の有望なターゲットとなる。ただし、軌道上レーダーによる観測は間接的な証拠であり、確定にはその場探査による確認が待たれる。『npj Space Exploration』2巻, 22(2026年5月6日付)掲載、DOI: 10.1038/s44453-026-00038-9。5月下旬にはインド国内で広く報道された。
Keywords: Moon, 月, lunar south pole, 月南極, water ice, 水氷, doubly shadowed craters, 二重影クレーター, permanently shadowed regions, 永久影
💥 — A new extreme particle accelerator in the Milky Way: LHAASO makes the first detection of ultra-high-energy gamma rays (above 100 TeV, spectrum measured up to ~200 TeV) from a gamma-ray binary, LS I +61° 303, showing orbital modulation over its ~26.5-day period (with a hint that the modulation is energy-dependent) — evidence that such binaries may be "PeVatrons" (LHAASO Collaboration, Phys. Rev. Lett., Editors' Suggestion) / 天の川銀河に新たな「極限粒子加速器」——中国の高地宇宙線観測所LHAASOが、ガンマ線連星LS I +61° 303から100 TeVを超える超高エネルギーガンマ線を初検出(スペクトルは約200 TeVまで測定)。約26.5日の公転周期に伴う明るさの変動(軌道変調)も検出し、その変動にはエネルギー依存性の兆候も見られた。ガンマ線連星が宇宙線をPeVまで加速する「ペバトロン」候補である証拠を提示(LHAASO国際共同実験、Physical Review Letters掲載・Editors' Suggestion選出)
The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) collaboration has, for the first time, detected ultra-high-energy (UHE) gamma rays — exceeding 100 TeV — from a gamma-ray binary: LS I +61° 303, a system in which a compact object orbits a massive star. Exploiting LHAASO's exceptional sensitivity and broad energy coverage, the team measured the source's energy spectrum up to about 200 TeV, confirming it as a UHE gamma-ray binary; in the KM2A array alone, 16 photon-like events above 100 TeV were identified against an estimated background of 5.1.
The collaboration also found that the gamma-ray flux varies with the system's ~26.5-day orbital period, and that this orbital modulation is energy dependent — a feature the authors interpret within a composite scenario in which leptonic and hadronic processes jointly contribute. The result provides critical evidence that gamma-ray binaries like LS I +61° 303 are potential "PeVatrons" — accelerators capable of pushing cosmic rays to PeV energies — imposing stringent new constraints on models of particle acceleration in extreme environments. Published in Physical Review Letters 136, 181001 (6 May 2026), DOI: 10.1103/7xhp-tff7 (arXiv:2510.23345); selected as an Editors' Suggestion and featured as a Physics Magazine Synopsis.
中国の高地宇宙線観測所(LHAASO)国際共同実験は、大質量星の周りをコンパクト天体が公転するガンマ線連星LS I +61° 303から、100 TeV(100兆電子ボルト)を超える超高エネルギー(UHE)ガンマ線を初めて検出した。LHAASOの卓越した感度と広いエネルギー帯域を活かし、チームはこの天体のエネルギースペクトルを約200 TeVまで測定し、UHEガンマ線連星であることを確認。KM2Aアレイ単独では、推定背景事象5.1に対し、100 TeV超の光子的事象16個が同定された。
さらに共同実験は、ガンマ線の明るさ(フラックス)が系の約26.5日の公転周期に伴って変動し、この「軌道変調」がエネルギーに依存することも発見した。著者らはこの特徴を、レプトン過程とハドロン過程が共に寄与する複合シナリオで説明できるとしている。この結果は、LS I +61° 303のようなガンマ線連星が、宇宙線をPeV(1000兆電子ボルト)のエネルギーまで加速しうる「ペバトロン」の候補であることを示す決定的な証拠であり、極限的な天体環境における粒子加速と放射の理論モデルに厳しい新たな制約を課すものだ。『Physical Review Letters』136巻181001(2026年5月6日付)に掲載、DOI: 10.1103/7xhp-tff7(arXiv:2510.23345)。Editors' Suggestionに選ばれ、Physics Magazine誌のSynopsisでも紹介された。
Keywords: LHAASO, gamma-ray binary, ガンマ線連星, LS I +61° 303, ultra-high-energy gamma rays, 超高エネルギーガンマ線, UHE, PeVatron, ペバトロン, cosmic ray
🌌 — Weighing invisible stars: simulations show NASA's Roman Space Telescope could detect and characterize dozens of isolated neutron stars via astrometric microlensing — directly measuring their masses for the first time as a population and even probing their supernova "natal kicks" (Kaczmarek et al., Heidelberg University / Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Astronomy & Astrophysics) / 「見えない星」を重さで見つける——2026年打ち上げ予定のNASAローマン宇宙望遠鏡が、位置天文マイクロレンズ効果を使って孤立した中性子星を数十個検出・特性評価できることをシミュレーションで実証。質量の直接測定を集団規模で初めて可能にし、超新星爆発時に中性子星が受ける「natal kick(誕生時の蹴り)」まで調べられる(ハイデルベルク大学・ローレンス・リバモア国立研究所のKaczmarekら、Astronomy & Astrophysics掲載)
Neutron stars — city-sized stellar remnants packing more mass than the Sun — should be scattered throughout the Milky Way, but unless they shine as pulsars or in X-rays, most are effectively invisible. A study led by Zofia Kaczmarek (Heidelberg University), with co-author Peter McGill (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) and colleagues, shows that NASA's upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, scheduled for launch in 2026, could find them anyway — through astrometric microlensing. When a neutron star passes in front of a background star, its gravity briefly brightens the star (photometry) and shifts its apparent position (astrometry); Roman's Galactic Bulge Time Domain Survey will monitor a ~1.7-square-degree field at a 12-minute cadence over six ~70-day seasons with ~10-millimagnitude photometric and ~1-milliarcsecond astrometric precision, enough to measure both effects.
Using dedicated Galactic models with four simulated neutron-star populations (Maxwellian natal-kick velocities of 150–450 km/s), the team found Roman could detect and characterize dozens of isolated neutron stars — the first large sample discovered through gravity alone — with direct mass measurements that photometry alone cannot deliver, and even identified a feature in the event-timescale–Einstein-radius plane that uniquely tags neutron-star lenses and is sensitive to the natal kicks they receive at birth in supernovae. Notably, this capability "wasn't part of the original plan": Roman's microlensing survey was designed for exoplanets, and the astrometric channel adds a whole new kind of science. Published in Astronomy & Astrophysics 707, A264 (2026), DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202558238 (arXiv:2601.10789).
Keywords: neutron star, 中性子星, isolated neutron star, 孤立中性子星, astrometric microlensing, 位置天文マイクロレンズ, gravitational microlensing, 重力マイクロレンズ, Roman Space Telescope, ローマン宇宙望遠鏡
☢️ — A stubborn quantum-computing error finally explained: even gap-engineered superconducting qubits suffer correlated phase-error bursts from ionizing radiation, seen on a 72-qubit Willow processor (Kurilovich et al., Phys. Rev. X) / 超伝導量子コンピュータで消えなかったエラーの正体が判明——「ギャップエンジニアリング」で守ったはずの量子ビットでも、宇宙線や環境放射線に起因する相関した位相エラーのバーストが残ることを、72量子ビットのWillowプロセッサで観測(Physical Review X掲載)
Superconducting quantum computers are vulnerable to ionizing radiation from cosmic rays and the environment. A radiation particle striking the silicon substrate creates rogue excitations called quasiparticles, which then disrupt the qubits built on top. The standard defence is gap engineering: tailoring the superconducting energy gap so that a barrier makes it harder for quasiparticles to reach the sensitive parts of the device. It was widely assumed that this largely solved the problem.
It does not. Using a 72-qubit Willow processor to perform rapid, repetitive measurements on qubits every few microseconds, researchers observed that correlated phase-error bursts persist in a gap-engineered array. Because the events are correlated across many qubits at once, they are especially damaging: quantum error-correcting codes are designed on the assumption that errors are largely independent, and a single radiation event that flips the phase of many qubits simultaneously can overwhelm that assumption. Identifying the mechanism that survives gap engineering is a necessary step toward shielding, materials choices or code designs that can tolerate it. Published in Physical Review X (2026), DOI: 10.1103/1bl4-b2f7.
💾 — Quantum RAM, demonstrated: a superconducting processor runs a "bucket-brigade" quantum random-access memory that addresses 4- and 8-bit classical data in superposition — a first step toward feeding big data into quantum algorithms (Shen et al., Zhejiang University, Nature Physics; highlighted in a May News & Views) / 量子RAM(qRAM)の実証——超伝導プロセッサ上で「バケツリレー(bucket-brigade)」型の量子ランダムアクセスメモリを動作させ、4ビット・8ビットの古典データを重ね合わせ状態でアドレス指定。大規模データを量子アルゴリズムに送り込む第一歩(浙江大学・Shenら、Nature Physics。5月のNews & Viewsで紹介)※論文は2026年3月オンライン公開、本項で取り上げた解説(News & Views)は5月公開
Many quantum algorithms only beat classical ones if they can load classical data into the quantum computer quickly and coherently — a job for a quantum random-access memory (QRAM), which despite many proposals had seen few experimental realizations. A team led by Zhejiang University (F. Shen et al.) implemented a circuit-based bucket-brigade QRAM on a programmable superconducting quantum processor, mapping a binary tree of quantum routers onto a 2D grid of qubits.
Using an efficient gate-decomposition scheme — which shortens the circuit compared with the usual controlled-SWAP approach — plus an error-mitigation method, they realized QRAMs addressing four and eight classical bits, reaching query fidelities of 0.809 ± 0.025 and 0.604 ± 0.005 respectively. They also studied how errors propagate and how the scheme scales, giving experimental evidence for the noise resilience of the bucket-brigade design. The work remains a proof of principle: scaling up will need higher gate fidelities, lower cross-talk and error correction. Published in Nature Physics (online March 2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03218-2; featured in a News & Views (5 May 2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03273-9.
🪐 — First detection of an atmosphere on a trans-Neptunian object beyond Pluto: a thin atmosphere found around the ~250-km-radius plutino (612533) 2002 XV93 (composition undetermined; surface pressure ~100–200 nbar) / 冥王星以外で初めて、太陽系外縁天体に大気を発見——半径約250 kmの「プルーティノ」(612533)2002 XV93の周囲に薄い大気を検出(組成は未確定、表面気圧は約100〜200ナノバール)
A Japan-led team headed by Dr. Ko Arimatsu (National Astronomical Observatory of Japan / Ishigakijima Astronomical Observatory), with co-authors Fumi Yoshida, Tsutomu Hayamizu and others, has reported the first detection of an atmosphere around a trans-Neptunian object (TNO) other than Pluto. The target, (612533) 2002 XV93, is a "plutino" — a Kuiper-Belt body locked in the same 2:3 mean-motion resonance with Neptune as Pluto — with a radius of only about 250 km (diameter ~500 km), well below the size of dwarf planets such as Eris, Haumea, Makemake, and Quaoar, none of which has shown any detectable atmosphere in previous stellar-occultation searches (upper limits ~1–100 nanobar).
On 10 January 2024 the team conducted a coordinated stellar-occultation campaign as 2002 XV93 passed in front of a background star, using telescopes at Kyoto, Kiso, and Fukushima in Japan. The three light curves did not show the sharp dimming expected from a bare, airless body. Instead, they exhibited a smooth, gradual extinction — the unmistakable refractive signature of starlight bending through a thin gaseous envelope. Fitting the curves with a pure CH₄ (methane) atmosphere yields a best-fit surface pressure of about 124 nanobar, with a 100–200 nanobar range — roughly a hundred times thinner than Pluto's atmosphere, yet clearly above the upper limits set for any larger TNO.
This result challenges the standard volatile-retention picture, in which only the largest, gravitationally strongest TNOs are expected to hold gases against thermal escape. At 2002 XV93's size and temperature, any atmosphere should dissipate in less than ~1,000 years without continuous resupply, and recent James Webb Space Telescope observations have not detected the kind of widespread surface ices that could sublimate to feed it. The authors therefore favour two possibilities: (i) ongoing cryovolcanism delivering volatiles from a warmer interior, or (ii) a recent impact by a small icy body that liberated a transient atmosphere. If follow-up observations show the atmosphere fading over years to decades, the impact scenario is favoured; if it persists or varies seasonally, the cryovolcanic scenario is favoured. Either way, the discovery suggests that a non-trivial fraction of distant icy minor planets can host — at least transiently — atmospheres, and that the outer Solar System is geophysically far more active than previously assumed. The result has direct bearing on planetary formation theory, volatile transport in the Kuiper Belt, and the search for ongoing geological activity on small icy bodies. Published in Nature Astronomy, 4 May 2026.
🕰️ — World-first coupling of a continuous time crystal to an external optomechanical device: "quantum perpetual motion" observed for up to 10⁸ cycles in superfluid helium-3 (Aalto University) / 時間結晶を外部装置に世界で初めて接続——超流動ヘリウム3中の連続時間結晶をオプトメカニクス系プラットフォームに結合、最大10⁸サイクル・数分間にわたる「量子永久運動」を観測・制御(アールト大学)
A team at Aalto University's Low Temperature Laboratory (Department of Applied Physics), led by Academy Research Fellow Dr. Jere T. Mäkinen — with co-authors Petri J. Heikkinen, Samuli Autti, Vladislav V. Zavjalov, and Vladimir B. Eltsov (collaborators at Royal Holloway and Lancaster Universities) — has achieved the first connection of a time crystal to an external physical system. Time crystals, first proposed by 2004 Nobel Laureate Frank Wilczek in 2012, are an exotic phase of matter that spontaneously breaks continuous time-translation symmetry: their ground state moves in perpetual rhythm without consuming energy. Until now, every observed time crystal had to remain perfectly isolated, because any measurement or coupling to the outside world was expected to destroy its delicate motion. The Aalto team broke that barrier.
The researchers used radio waves to pump magnons — quasiparticles representing collective spin excitations — into a superfluid of helium-3 cooled to microkelvin temperatures, a small fraction of a degree above absolute zero. When the radio-wave pump was switched off, the magnons spontaneously self-organized into a continuous time crystal in the form of a magnon Bose-Einstein condensate. The crystal sustained itself for up to 10⁸ (one hundred million) oscillation cycles, lasting several minutes — orders of magnitude longer than typical quantum systems used in today's quantum computers — before fading below the detection threshold.
Crucially, the team showed that the time crystal's oscillation frequency couples to a macroscopic mechanical mode — the free surface waves of the surrounding superfluid — through the same equations that govern cavity optomechanics, the well-established framework used in gravitational-wave detectors such as LIGO. By reading out the mechanical mode rather than the crystal directly, the system can be probed and tuned without destroying the time-crystal state. "Perpetual motion is possible in the quantum realm so long as it is not disturbed by external energy input, such as by observing it. That is why a time crystal had never before been connected to any external system. But we did just that and showed, also for the first time, that you can adjust the crystal's properties using this method," says Mäkinen. The new platform — which the authors term time-crystal optomechanics — opens a path to ultra-precise quantum sensors, frequency-comb references for high-sensitivity measurements, and long-coherence memory systems for next-generation quantum computers. The work was performed using the facilities of OtaNano, Finland's national research infrastructure for nano-, micro-, and quantum technologies. Published in Nature Communications on 16 October 2025 and initially covered by Aalto University's press release, Phys.org, Optica/OPN, and Interesting Engineering in October–November 2025, with further coverage by SciTechDaily in March 2026 and major international re-coverage by ScienceDaily, ScienceSprings, and The Debrief in May 2026.
アールト大学(フィンランド)応用物理学科・低温研究室のJere T. Mäkinen博士(アカデミー研究フェロー)を筆頭著者とする研究チーム(共著者:Petri J. Heikkinen、Samuli Autti、Vladislav V. Zavjalov、Vladimir B. Eltsov ── 一部はロンドン大学ロイヤル・ホロウェイ校およびランカスター大学に所属)が、時間結晶を外部の物理系に接続することに史上初めて成功した。時間結晶とは、2004年ノーベル物理学賞受賞者フランク・ウィルチェックが2012年に提唱した「時間並進対称性を自発的に破る」物質の新たな相であり、その基底状態がエネルギーを消費せずに永久に振動を続けるという、量子力学の枠内で許される一種の「永久運動機関」である。これまで観測されたあらゆる時間結晶は、外部世界との結合や観測そのものが繊細な振動を破壊してしまうため、完全に孤立した状態で生成・観測されるしかなかった。アールト大学チームはこの壁を打ち破った。
Related keywords: time crystal, 時間結晶, continuous time crystal, 連続時間結晶, time crystal optomechanics, 時間結晶オプトメカニクス, cavity optomechanics, 空洞オプトメカニクス, magnon, マグノン, magnon Bose-Einstein condensate, マグノン・ボース=アインシュタイン凝縮, magnon BEC, マグノンBEC, superfluid helium-3, 超流動ヘリウム3, He-3 superfluid, helium-3, ヘリウム3, microkelvin physics, マイクロケルビン物理学, low-temperature physics, 低温物理学, ultracold quantum gas, 極低温量子気体, quantum perpetual motion, 量子永久運動, perpetual motion in the quantum realm, time translation symmetry, 時間並進対称性, spontaneous symmetry breaking, 自発的対称性の破れ, non-equilibrium phase of matter, 非平衡物質相, quantum sensor, 量子センサー, quantum memory, 量子メモリ, quantum computing, 量子コンピュータ, frequency comb, 周波数コム, mechanical resonator, 機械的共振器, mechanical mode, 機械的モード, Aalto University, アールト大学, Low Temperature Laboratory, 低温研究室, OtaNano, Jere Mäkinen, Mäkinen, Frank Wilczek, フランク・ウィルチェック, Nature Communications, condensed matter physics, 凝縮系物理学, quantum physics, 量子物理学, fundamental physics, 基礎物理学, 物理学, physics
🌊 — Magnons made to live 100× longer: short-wavelength dipole-exchange magnons in ultrapure YIG reach 18 microseconds — a route to coin-sized quantum computers (Chumak group, University of Vienna, Science Advances) / マグノン(磁気の波)の寿命を100倍に延長——超高純度YIG中の短波長ダイポール交換マグノンが18マイクロ秒に到達し、コイン大の量子コンピュータへの道を拓く(ウィーン大学、Science Advances掲載)
Magnons are quanta of spin waves — collective ripples in the magnetization of a magnetic solid, much like waves spreading across a pond. Because they live inside a solid and couple naturally to phonons, photons and qubits, and because their wavelengths can shrink to the nanometer scale, they are attractive building blocks for hybrid quantum systems and on-chip quantum information. Their great weakness has been a very short lifetime — a few hundred nanoseconds at most, far too brief for practical quantum operations. An international team led by Andrii Chumak at the University of Vienna has now extended that lifetime nearly a hundredfold, to as long as 18 microseconds.
The key was a new class of excitation — short-wavelength dipole-exchange magnons — driven in highly pure single-crystal yttrium iron garnet (YIG) spheres cooled to about 30 millikelvin. Short-wavelength magnons are inherently less sensitive to surface defects, which had previously capped magnon lifetimes. Strikingly, the team found the limit is set not by any fundamental law of physics but by material quality: even their least-pure sample beat all previous records, pointing to a clear path toward even longer-lived magnons. At 18 µs, magnon coherence rivals that of the transmon superconducting qubits in today's leading processors — raising the prospect of a programmable on-chip "quantum bus" linking many distant qubits, and of quantum computers as small as a 1-cent coin. Published in Science Advances (2026), DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aee2344.
📐 — The hidden 3D atomic structure of relaxor ferroelectrics, imaged at last: multislice electron ptychography shows polar nanoregions are far smaller than models predicted, finally bridging experiment and theory (Zhu, Xu & LeBeau et al., MIT with UPenn, Rice, KAIST & UAB, Science) / 超音波診断やソナーを支える「リラクサー強誘電体」の隠れた3次元原子構造をついに直接観測——マルチスライス電子タイコグラフィーで、分極ナノ領域が従来モデルの予測よりはるかに小さいことを解明し、実験と理論の橋渡しに成功(MITのZhu・Xu・LeBeauら、ペンシルベニア大・ライス大・KAIST等と共同、Science掲載)
Relaxor ferroelectrics have powered ultrasound imaging, microphones and sonar for decades. Their remarkable electromechanical properties are thought to arise from nanoscale regions of local electric polarization, yet this internal structure had stubbornly eluded direct measurement, forcing researchers to rely on incomplete models. A team led by James LeBeau at MIT (co-first authors Menglin Zhu and Michael Xu), with collaborators at the University of Pennsylvania, Rice University, KAIST and the University of Alabama at Birmingham, has now directly characterised the three-dimensional atomic structure of a relaxor ferroelectric for the first time.
Studying the workhorse alloy lead magnesium niobate–lead titanate (PMN-PT), the team applied multislice electron ptychography (MEP): a nanoscale electron probe is scanned across the sample and the overlapping diffraction patterns are algorithmically reconstructed into a 3D map of atomic positions and polarization. The data reveal a layered hierarchy of chemical and polar order — and show that the polar regions are significantly smaller than earlier simulations predicted, with chemical disorder that previous models had not fully accounted for. Feeding these observations back into molecular-dynamics models markedly improved their agreement with reality, providing a firmer foundation for designing next-generation sensing, memory and energy materials. Published in Science 392(6797), 519 (2026), DOI: 10.1126/science.ads6023.
Keywords: relaxor ferroelectric, リラクサー強誘電体, PMN-PT, ニオブ酸マグネシウム鉛チタン酸鉛, polar nanoregions, 分極ナノ領域, electron ptychography, 電子タイコグラフィー, multislice electron ptychography, MEP
⌛ — Does time itself carry a tiny built-in "blur"? Gravity-linked quantum collapse models imply a fundamental — though immeasurably small — limit on clock precision (Bortolotti, Curceanu, Diósi, Manti & Piscicchia, CREF / INFN-LNF / Wigner RCP, Phys. Rev. Research) / 時間そのものに極小の「にじみ」が組み込まれているのか——重力と結びついた量子収縮(波動関数の自発的崩壊)モデルから、時計の精度に原理的な(ただし測定不可能なほど小さい)限界が導かれると理論計算(伊エンリコ・フェルミ研究センター(CREF)・INFNフラスカティ国立研究所・ウィグナー物理学研究センターのBortolotti・Curceanu・Diósiら、Physical Review Research掲載)※理論研究
Standard quantum mechanics contains two incompatible rules: smooth, deterministic evolution of the wavefunction, and the abrupt "collapse" that occurs upon measurement. Quantum collapse models resolve this tension by postulating that collapse happens spontaneously, without any observer — and some versions tie the mechanism to gravity. An FQxI-supported team led by PhD student Nicola Bortolotti (Enrico Fermi Research Centre, Rome), with Catalina Curceanu (INFN-LNF), Lajos Diósi (Wigner Research Centre / Eötvös Loránd University), Simone Manti and Kristian Piscicchia, asked a concrete question: if collapse is linked to gravity, what does that imply for time itself?
Examining the Diósi–Penrose model and, for the first time quantitatively, connecting the Continuous Spontaneous Localization (CSL) model to gravitational spacetime fluctuations, the team showed that if such models are correct, time must carry a tiny intrinsic uncertainty — a fundamental floor on how precise any clock can ever be. The predicted blur lies many orders of magnitude below what even the best atomic clocks can sense, so everyday timekeeping is untouched; but the result turns collapse models into concrete, in-principle testable statements at the interface of quantum mechanics and gravity. Published in Physical Review Research 7, 043166 (13 November 2025), DOI: 10.1103/p6tj-lg8l (arXiv:2504.06109); featured by ScienceDaily on 3 May 2026.
🎛️ — First-ever "quadsqueezing": a single trapped ion realizes a fourth-order generalized squeezing interaction (plus standard and tri-squeezing) by combining two spin-dependent forces, generated over 100× faster than conventional approaches (Băzăvan et al., University of Oxford, Nature Physics) / 史上初の「クアッドスクイージング(4次のスクイージング)」——1個のイオントラップ中で2つのスピン依存力を組み合わせ、4次の非線形相互作用を実現(通常のスクイージング・トライスクイージングも同じ装置で生成)。従来の直接手法より100倍以上速く生成(オックスフォード大学・Băzăvanら、Nature Physics掲載)
Researchers at the University of Oxford (lead author Oana Băzăvan) have demonstrated, for the first time on any platform, "quadsqueezing" — a fourth-order generalized squeezing interaction — in a single trapped ion, alongside ordinary (second-order) squeezing and trisqueezing. Squeezing redistributes quantum uncertainty between conjugate variables (e.g. position and momentum); ordinary squeezed light already boosts the sensitivity of gravitational-wave detectors such as LIGO. Higher-order interactions generate richer, non-Gaussian quantum states useful for continuous-variable quantum computation, but they are usually far too weak to access directly.
Instead of driving a weak higher-order interaction head-on, the team combined two spin-dependent linear forces on the ion. Individually each is simple and linear, but applied together they amplify one another through non-commutativity (the order of quantum operations matters), implementing up to fourth-order nonlinear bosonic interactions mediated by the ion's spin. By tuning the frequencies, phases and strengths of the forces, the researchers selected which interaction appeared while suppressing unwanted terms, and confirmed the result by reconstructing the ion's motional quantum states — revealing the distinctive shapes of second-, third- and fourth-order squeezing. The quadsqueezing interaction was generated more than 100× faster than conventional methods. The approach builds on a 2021 theory by Raghavendra Srinivas and Robert Tyler Sutherland, with applications in quantum simulation, sensing and computing. Published in Nature Physics 22, 757–762 (2026), 1 May 2026, DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03222-6.
🧲 — "Flux-switching Floquet engineering": periodically switching magnetic flux over time can create topological quantum phases with no static counterpart — potentially more robust against noise (Powell & Buchalter, Cal Poly, Phys. Rev. B) ※理論提案 / 「フラックス・スイッチング・フロケ工学」——磁束を時間的に周期変調すると、静的な物質には存在しないトポロジカル量子相を作り出せることを理論的に提案。ノイズに強い相になりうる(カリフォルニア州立工科大学・PowellとBuchalter、Physical Review B掲載)※理論提案
Ian Powell, a physics lecturer at California Polytechnic State University (Cal Poly), with undergraduate researcher Louis Buchalter, has shown theoretically that periodically switching the magnetic flux threading a lattice on and off over time — a form of Floquet engineering (using periodic driving to shape quantum behaviour) — can reorganize a quantum system into unusual topological phases that have no static counterpart.
In conventional condensed-matter physics, a material's properties depend on what it is made of and how its atoms are arranged. This work argues that how a system is driven in time can be an equally powerful design knob: by flipping the flux between values in a controlled, time-periodic way, the authors find driven quantum phases — including topological ones — that simply do not exist in any static, unchanging material. Such periodically driven phases can be more robust against "noise" and imperfections, one of the central obstacles in quantum computing, making the approach relevant to error-resistant quantum computation and simulation. The result is a theoretical proposal, motivating future experimental work on periodically driven quantum matter. Published in Physical Review B (2026), 1 May 2026, DOI: 10.1103/c28t-x1dh (arXiv:2509.06897).
🌟 — Filming how a solid is ionized into a hot, "star-like" solid-density plasma in trillionths of a second: a pump–probe scheme pairs the high-intensity optical laser ReLaX with an X-ray free-electron laser to track highly charged copper ions (Cu²²⁺), aiding laser-fusion diagnostics (Huang et al., HZDR / European XFEL, Nature Communications) / 固体(銅)が1兆分の1秒で“星の内部のような”高温・固体密度プラズマへ電離していく過程を撮影——高強度光レーザーReLaXとX線自由電子レーザーのポンプ・プローブ計測で、高電離した銅イオン(Cu²²⁺)の時間変化を追跡。レーザー核融合の診断にも貢献(HZDR・欧州XFEL、Huangら、Nature Communications掲載)
A team led by the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) — with experimentation headed by Dr. Lingen Huang — has captured, step by step, how a solid is ionized into a hot, dense plasma. The work, carried out at the HED-HiBEF station of the European XFEL in Schenefeld near Hamburg, targets a very thin copper wire (about one-seventh the thickness of a human hair), which an intense optical pulse vaporizes into a plasma reaching several million degrees — conditions otherwise found only near neutron stars or in gamma-ray bursts, and central to inertial-confinement-fusion research.
The challenge is speed: ionization unfolds within picoseconds (trillionths of a second), so resolving it demands even shorter pulses — here two laser pulses of just 25 and 30 femtoseconds. The high-intensity optical laser ReLaX serves as the "pump" that ionizes the copper; the X-ray free-electron laser then acts as the "probe," its 8.2-keV photons tuned to resonantly interact with Cu²²⁺ ions (copper atoms stripped of 22 electrons). By scanning the pump–probe delay, the team built a frame-by-frame "movie": the number of Cu²²⁺ ions peaks about 2.5 ps after the laser hits and then disappears within roughly 10 ps as electrons recombine. The method offers improved diagnostics for laser-fusion research. Published in Nature Communications 17 (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-71429-5.