📰 2026年6月 のニュース / June 2026 (全107件)
2026年6月(June 2026)に発表された基礎物理学の最新ニュースと研究解説。Recent physics news and research explanations published in June 2026.
📅 2026年6月 / June 2026
When a molecule absorbs a hard X-ray photon, a core electron is ejected and the resulting inner-shell vacancy decays through an Auger–Meitner cascade: electrons rearrange in a rapid, Coulomb-driven many-body process, and the initially compact, localized hole in the electron density grows diffuse and spreads across the molecule before it fragments. Spectroscopy can track which states are involved, but it does not directly reveal how the electrons rearrange in real space.
An international team led by Mats Simmermacher, Nathan Goff and Peter M. Weber (Brown University, with the University of Edinburgh and partners) used non-resonant hard X-ray scattering at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) to image the change in the radial electron-pair density of sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) as it undergoes Auger–Meitner decay. They exploit a second-order process — one X-ray photon ionizes the molecule and a second photon from the same pulse scatters off it — capturing the electron loss and redistribution with a sub-15-femtosecond effective time resolution. The measured “pair-density hole” deepens, broadens and migrates from the atomic cores into the valence, in close agreement with ab initio modelling. The method opens a route to real-space, ultrafast imaging of correlated electron dynamics relevant to radiation damage and radiotherapy. Published (open access) in Nature Physics.
Journal article / 論文: M. Simmermacher, N. Goff, … P. M. Weber et al., “Real-space imaging of the electron-pair density hole in molecular Auger–Meitner decay,” Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03363-8
Keywords: Auger-Meitner decay, オージェマイトナー崩壊, X-ray scattering, X線散乱, electron-pair density, 電子対密度, ultrafast imaging, 超高速イメージング, SF6, 六フッ化硫黄, LCLS, free-electron laser, 自由電子レーザー, correlated electrons, 相関電子, radiation damage, 放射線損傷, Peter Weber, Brown University, ブラウン大学, Nature Physics, 物理学, physics
The NSF–DOE Vera C. Rubin Observatory in Chile announced on June 30 that its signature 10-year campaign, the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), has officially begun — the start of what the team calls “the greatest cosmic movie ever made.” Over the next decade, Rubin will repeatedly observe the entire southern sky every few nights, building an ultra-wide, ultra-high-definition time-lapse record of the Universe. The milestone follows the celebratory “First Look” event of June 2025, final commissioning, an operational readiness review, and the start of the alert stream.
The observatory pairs the 8.4-meter Simonyi Survey Telescope with the 3,200-megapixel LSST Camera — the largest digital camera in the world — capturing a new detailed image roughly every 40 seconds. Each night Rubin collects about 10 terabytes of data and issues up to 7 million alerts of changes in the sky, streamed to automated “alert brokers” so telescopes worldwide can follow up on supernovae, active black holes and compact-object collisions. A 1.7-gigapixel image of a star field in Lupus was released to showcase the system. Rubin, jointly operated by NSF NOIRLab and DOE’s SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, is expected to catalogue billions of objects with trillions of measurements — probing dark energy, dark matter, the Milky Way and the transient sky. “Today, we begin filming the greatest cosmic movie ever made,” said Brian Stone, performing the duties of the NSF Director.
Source / 出典: Rubin Observatory (2026-06-30)「Action! NSF–DOE Vera C. Rubin Observatory Begins Capturing the Greatest Cosmic Movie Ever Made」 | U.S. National Science Foundation (2026-06-30) | SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Keywords: Vera C. Rubin Observatory, ヴェラ・ルービン天文台, LSST, Legacy Survey of Space and Time, 時空のレガシーサーベイ, Simonyi Survey Telescope, LSST Camera, 32億画素カメラ, survey astronomy, サーベイ天文学, dark energy, ダークエネルギー, dark matter, ダークマター, transient astronomy, 突発天体, alert stream, NSF, DOE, NOIRLab, SLAC, Cerro Pachón, astrophysics, 天体物理学, 物理学, physics
When identical fermions fill up the available energy levels from the bottom, one particle per level because of the Pauli exclusion principle, they form a Fermi sea with a sharp outer edge. A fractional Fermi sea keeps that sharp edge but breaks the occupancy rule inside: the levels are only partially filled, with fractional rather than integer occupation numbers — a possibility allowed by Haldane’s 1991 generalized exclusion statistics but never before realized in a controlled quantum system.
A team from the Nägerl group at the University of Innsbruck, with theory collaborator Alvise Bastianello (CNRS / Université Paris-Dauphine), showed that this exotic state can be quantum-engineered in a one-dimensional gas of ultracold cesium atoms. Cyclically driving the atoms’ interactions between strongly repulsive and strongly attractive regimes forces the initial ground state not simply to heat up, but to reorganize into a highly excited yet highly ordered non-equilibrium configuration — the fractional Fermi sea. Its correlation patterns differ from those of the celebrated Tomonaga–Luttinger liquid, the standard description of 1D quantum systems, pointing to an entirely new critical phase and opening fresh possibilities for cold-atom quantum simulation. Published in Physical Review Letters.
Journal article / 論文: A. Bastianello et al., “Exotic Critical States as Fractional Fermi Seas in the One-Dimensional Bose Gas,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 230402 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/j3s5-gjpf | Universität Innsbruck (2026-06)
Keywords: fractional Fermi sea, 分数フェルミ海, Fermi sea, フェルミ海, Pauli exclusion principle, パウリの排他原理, generalized exclusion statistics, 一般化排他統計, Haldane, ホールデイン, ultracold atoms, 極低温原子, cesium, セシウム, non-equilibrium, 非平衡, Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid, 朝永ラッティンジャー液体, critical phase, 臨界相, quantum simulation, 量子シミュレーション, Innsbruck, インスブルック大学, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
In strongly correlated materials, electrons can spontaneously organize not only their charge and spin but also which orbitals they occupy — so-called orbital order. Whether a pure orbital order can exist with a clear, measurable fingerprint in the electronic band structure — without being accompanied by a structural distortion or magnetic order — had remained an open question.
Zhanyang Hao, Haohao Sheng, Chaoyu Chen and colleagues report surface d-orbital order driven by rare-earth 5d electrons in an intermetallic compound, observed without any accompanying structural or magnetic order. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy together with supporting theory, they identify a distinct band-structure signature of the orbital order localized at the surface — direct evidence that orbital degrees of freedom alone can drive an ordered electronic state. The result clarifies a long-debated question about orbital physics in correlated metals. Published (open access) in Nature Physics.
Journal article / 論文: Z. Hao, H. Sheng, C. Chen et al., “Surface d-orbital order in an intermetallic compound,” Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03359-4
Keywords: orbital order, 軌道秩序, d-orbital, d軌道, intermetallic compound, 金属間化合物, rare earth, 希土類, 5d electrons, ARPES, 角度分解光電子分光, band structure, バンド構造, correlated electrons, 強相関電子, surface states, 表面状態, condensed matter, 凝縮系物理, Nature Physics, 物理学, physics
Single molecules that host an isolated electron spin are promising building blocks for qubits and quantum sensors, but to use them one needs a fast, local way to control each spin. Magnetic fields are hard to confine to a single molecule; an electric handle would be far more practical — yet spins do not couple to electric fields directly.
Paul Greule, Wantong Huang, Philip Willke and colleagues demonstrate exchange-mediated spin–electric control of single molecules on a surface. By using the exchange interaction between a molecule’s spin and a nearby magnetic probe as an intermediary, an applied electric field shifts the spin states electrically — and they show this works for two different molecular species, indicating the mechanism is general. Combining the atomic-scale spatial precision of scanning-probe techniques with all-electric spin control is a useful step toward scalable molecular quantum devices. Published (open access) in Nature Physics.
Journal article / 論文: P. Greule, W. Huang, P. Willke et al., “Exchange-mediated spin–electric control of single molecules on surfaces,” Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03353-w
Keywords: spin-electric control, スピン電気制御, single molecule, 単一分子, exchange interaction, 交換相互作用, molecular qubit, 分子量子ビット, scanning probe, 走査プローブ, electric-field control, 電場制御, quantum technology, 量子技術, surface spins, 表面スピン, Philip Willke, Nature Physics, 物理学, physics
The Ising model — spins that are either up or down and prefer to align with their neighbours — is the textbook model of phase transitions. But it only encodes pairwise interactions. Many real systems (social groups, neural and biochemical networks) instead involve higher-order interactions, where three or more elements act together. Such structures are naturally described by hypergraphs, in which a single “hyperedge” can connect many nodes at once.
Gangmin Son, Deok-Sun Lee and K.-I. Goh study a simplicial Ising model on hypergraphs, in which a hyperedge lowers the energy only when all of its spins point the same way (unanimous alignment). They find that the size of the hyperedges dramatically reshapes the thermodynamics, producing a rich variety of phase transitions — including unusual mixed-order transitions (combining features of continuous and abrupt transitions) and double transitions. The results sharpen our understanding of how collective order emerges in systems with group-wise interactions. The study is published in Communications Physics.
Journal article / 論文: G. Son, D.-S. Lee & K.-I. Goh, “Phase transitions in the simplicial Ising model on hypergraphs,” Communications Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s42005-026-02724-2
Keywords: Ising model, イジング模型, hypergraph, ハイパーグラフ, higher-order interactions, 高次相互作用, simplicial complex, 単体複体, phase transition, 相転移, mixed-order transition, 混合次数転移, statistical physics, 統計物理, complex networks, 複雑ネットワーク, Communications Physics, 物理学, physics
Driving a two-level emitter with light produces Rabi oscillations, but in a solid the emitter couples to lattice vibrations (phonons), which damp those oscillations as the drive strengthens. A 2007 theory (Vagov et al.) predicted that because the phonon spectral density is non-monotonic in energy, the oscillations should reappear at still higher drive — an effect that had lived only in idealized models.
Physicists at Paderborn University with TU Dortmund and Johannes Kepler University Linz (L. Hanschke, T. K. Bracht, … S. Schumacher, D. E. Reiter, K. D. Jöns) experimentally demonstrated this reappearance of Rabi rotations in a resonantly driven GaAs quantum dot: emission intensity first damps with phonon coupling, then is restored under sufficiently strong optical excitation. Theory not only explained but refined the data, and the effect is a clear signature of the dots’ high coherence and controllability — a step toward scalable quantum-dot applications. The paper appeared in Physical Review Letters in 2025; Paderborn University announced the result on June 26, 2026.
Journal article / 論文: L. Hanschke, T. K. Bracht, … D. E. Reiter, K. D. Jöns, “Experimental Measurement of the Reappearance of Rabi Rotations in Semiconductor Quantum Dots,” Phys. Rev. Lett. (2025), DOI: 10.1103/s212-43gs | Paderborn University (2026-06-26)
Keywords: Rabi oscillations, ラビ振動, Rabi rotations, 量子ドット, quantum dots, GaAs, phonon coupling, フォノン結合, coherence, コヒーレンス, single-photon source, 単一光子源, Paderborn, パーダーボルン大学, TU Dortmund, JKU Linz, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
“Super-puff” planets are a rare and puzzling class of exoplanet: roughly the size of a gas giant, yet with such tiny masses that their average densities rival cotton candy or whipped cream. They defy standard models of how giant planets form, which assume a dense core gradually accreting gas — and fewer than a couple dozen are known.
An international collaboration led by the University of Oxford, with Université Côte d’Azur/Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur and the University of Birmingham, confirmed two such worlds, TOI-791 b and TOI-791 c, orbiting an F7-type Sun-like star about 1,110 light-years away in the constellation Volans. Both are roughly Jupiter-sized but extraordinarily diffuse: TOI-791 b has a density of just 0.038 g/cm³ and TOI-791 c about 0.047 g/cm³ — some 28–35 times less dense than Jupiter. Because the planets have long orbital periods (139 and 232 days) and hours-long transits, NASA’s TESS satellite needed about 1,122 days of observations over seven years, aided by the Antarctic ASTEP telescope’s months of uninterrupted winter darkness, to capture and confirm them. Transit-timing variations from the planets’ mutual gravitational tugs pinned down their masses. The system is a rare natural laboratory for understanding how super-puffs form and evolve. Published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.
Journal article / 論文: G. Dransfield et al., “ASTEP confirmation of a pair of long-period Jupiter-sized planets with extremely low densities transiting TOI-791,” MNRAS 549, 4 (2026), DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stag864 | University of Oxford (2026-06-24)
Keywords: super-puff planet, スーパーパフ惑星, cotton candy planet, 綿菓子惑星, exoplanet, 系外惑星, low density, 低密度, TOI-791, TESS, ASTEP, transit method, トランジット法, transit timing variation, トランジット時刻変動, planet formation, 惑星形成, gas giant, ガス惑星, Volans, とびうお座, University of Oxford, オックスフォード大学, MNRAS, astrophysics, 天体物理学, 物理学, physics
Rare-earth dopants — individual rare-earth ions embedded in a crystal — are attractive building blocks for quantum networks and quantum memories, because their electron and nuclear spins can store quantum information for a long time and emit photons for communication. To build useful devices, one must control each spin individually. But when many dopants sit close together so they can interact (a prerequisite for two-qubit operations), they are typically packed more tightly than the diffraction limit of light, making it hard to address just one without disturbing its neighbours.
Haitong Xu, Mehmet T. Uysal and Jeff D. Thompson at Princeton University demonstrate coherent control of individual, interacting solid-state spins below the optical diffraction limit. Using rare-earth ions whose optical transition frequencies differ slightly from one another, they selectively drive a single chosen spin even when several lie within one diffraction-limited spot — and show that the controlled spins remain coherent. This sub-diffraction single-spin addressing of interacting qubits is a key step toward scalable, optically connected quantum processors and networks. The work appears in Nature Physics.
Journal article / 論文: H. Xu, M. T. Uysal & J. D. Thompson, “Coherent control of interacting solid-state spins below the diffraction limit,” Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03319-y
Keywords: rare-earth dopants, 希土類ドーパント, single-spin control, 単一スピン制御, diffraction limit, 回折限界, solid-state qubits, 固体ビット, quantum network, 量子ネットワーク, coherent control, コヒーレント制御, interacting spins, 相互作用スピン, quantum information, 量子情報, Jeff Thompson, Princeton University, プリンストン大学, Nature Physics, 物理学, physics
During development and wound healing, sheets of cells reshape themselves through cell intercalation — neighbouring cells swapping positions so the tissue can lengthen, narrow or rearrange without losing its integrity. Because intercalation in a living embryo is entangled with countless other biological processes, it has been hard to isolate the physical forces that actually drive a neighbour exchange.
Artur Ruppel, Vladimir Misiak and Martial Balland built a stripped-down in vitro assay using just four cells — the minimal system in which an intercalation event can happen. By controlling and measuring the mechanics directly, they show that the neighbour swap is governed by two competing ingredients: the tension along the junctions (interfaces) between cells, and the migratory forces the cells generate as they crawl. This minimal, quantitative platform turns a messy developmental process into a controllable physics experiment, clarifying how tissues physically remodel. The study is published in Nature Physics.
Keywords: cell intercalation, 細胞インターカレーション, biological physics, 生物物理, tissue mechanics, 組織力学, junction tension, ジャンクション張力, interfacial tension, 界面張力, migratory forces, 遊走力, morphogenesis, 形態形成, in vitro assay, 体外アッセイ, active matter, アクティブマター, Nature Physics, 物理学, physics
When the Sun launches a coronal mass ejection (CME), the magnetic cloud sweeping past Earth can scatter incoming cosmic rays and briefly lower their flux — the long-known Forbush decrease, well documented for relatively low-energy cosmic rays. At TeV energies, however, the particles are so rigid that they were expected to pass through such magnetic structures almost unaffected.
Using the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) in China — one of the world’s largest cosmic-ray detectors — the LHAASO Collaboration (Z. Cao et al.) reports a transient large-scale anisotropy in TeV cosmic rays caused by the interplanetary CME that hit Earth on 4 November 2021. The directional deficit was strongest just before the magnetic “flux rope” arrived, which the team attributes to enhanced scattering in the turbulent sheath region ahead of the ejecta. Because the high-energy cosmic-ray signal effectively maps the internal magnetic structure of the storm, the result points to a new way to probe — and potentially help forecast — solar storms and their effects on satellites and power grids. Published in Physical Review Letters and highlighted by APS Physics.
Coverage / 報道: APS Physics Magazine「Solar Storm Unexpectedly Reduces Cosmic-Ray Flux」(2026年6月)
Keywords: LHAASO, cosmic rays, 宇宙線, TeV, Forbush decrease, フォーブッシュ減少, coronal mass ejection, コロナ質量放出, CME, ICME, space weather, 宇宙天気, solar storm, 太陽嵐, anisotropy, 異方性, heliosphere, 太陽圏, astroparticle physics, 宇宙素粒子物理, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
An atom coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide almost perfectly reflects a weak resonant drive, and the small transmitted field is strongly bunched — photons tend to arrive together. What happens when many such atoms are lined up along the waveguide had not been worked out exactly.
Zeidan Zeidan, Therese Karmstrand, Maryam Khanahmadi and Göran Johansson (Chalmers University of Technology, with RIKEN in Saitama, Japan) derive exact analytical results for N two-level atoms separated by the drive wavelength. Increasing the number of atoms suppresses transmission while strongly enhancing photon bunching: the transmission becomes a predominantly incoherent, superbunched (N+1)-photon scattering process that can occur only when all N atoms are collectively excited. The first transmitted photon therefore heralds a fully excited atomic array, enabling heralded multi-photon state generation for long-distance entanglement and quantum metrology. Published in Physical Review Letters (preprint arXiv:2506.05147).
Journal article / 論文: Z. Zeidan, T. Karmstrand, M. Khanahmadi & G. Johansson, “Superbunching from Coherently Driven Atoms in a Waveguide,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 250803 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/6fcg-2zns
Keywords: waveguide QED, 導波路QED, superbunching, 超バンチング, photon statistics, 光子統計, multi-photon state, 多光子状態, heralded state, ヘラルド状態, quantum metrology, 量子計測, entanglement, 量子もつれ, two-level atoms, 2準位原子, Chalmers, RIKEN, 理研, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Ordinarily, a magnetic field weakens and destroys superconductivity: turn the field up high enough and the superconducting state disappears. In a few exotic materials, however, cranking the field even higher makes superconductivity return — so-called reentrant superconductivity. Until now this counterintuitive effect had been seen only in special three-dimensional bulk crystals, never at an engineered interface or thin film.
A RIKEN-led international team — Denis Maryenko, group director Masashi Kawasaki and team director Minoru Kawamura of the RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) — found reentrant superconductivity in the two-dimensional electron system that forms at the interface of an LaTiO₃/KTaO₃ oxide heterostructure. In their epitaxially grown artificial interface, cooled to very low temperature, superconductivity vanished as the magnetic field rose but reappeared above roughly 1 tesla, and the effect stayed robust over a wide range of temperatures while the interface’s electron density was tuned with a back-gate voltage. Because this oxide interface is electrically controllable and can be built into multilayer structures, it provides a versatile new platform for studying superconductivity under magnetic fields and for future quantum devices. Published as a RIKEN press release.
Journal article / 論文: D. Maryenko, M. Kawamura, I. V. Maznichenko et al., “Reentrant superconductivity at an oxide heterointerface,” Science Advances (2026), DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aeg0460 | 理化学研究所 (2026-06-25)「酸化物界面で『リエントラント超伝導』を発見 -特異な超伝導状態を研究する新たな物質基盤を確立-」
Keywords: reentrant superconductivity, リエントラント超伝導, oxide interface, 酸化物界面, oxide heterostructure, 酸化物ヘテロ構造, LaTiO3, KTaO3, two-dimensional electron system, 2次元電子系, magnetic field, 磁場, back gate, バックゲート, superconductivity, 超伝導, quantum device, 量子デバイス, RIKEN, 理化学研究所, CEMS, 創発物性科学研究センター, Masashi Kawasaki, 川﨑雅司, condensed matter, 凝縮系物理, 物理学, physics
In many transition-metal oxides an extra electron does not move freely; instead it locally distorts the surrounding lattice and drags that distortion along with it, forming a quasiparticle called a polaron. When the distortion is set by the Jahn–Teller effect (a symmetry-lowering deformation that splits electronic orbitals), the result is a Jahn–Teller polaron. These objects strongly influence a material’s electrical, structural and magnetic behaviour, but catching them forming in real time has been elusive because it requires fingerprints of a fleeting, local symmetry reduction.
An international team including Simone Restelli and colleagues (with physicists from the Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences (IFJ PAN)) demonstrate Jahn–Teller polaron formation in the spinel Co₃O₄ using state-selective ultrafast laser excitation. By targeting specific electronic transitions and watching the resulting coherent lattice modes, they show that ligand-to-metal charge transfer triggers the polaron, while on-site d–d transitions launch a coherent T2g phonon. Because the polaron is created and steered with tailored light pulses, cobalt oxide becomes a promising platform for ultrafast spintronics and light-controlled material properties. The work is published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society.
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org(2026年6月25日)
Keywords: Jahn-Teller polaron, ヤーンテラーポーラロン, Co3O4, 酸化コバルト, spinel, スピネル, electron-phonon coupling, 電子フォノン結合, polaron, ポーラロン, ultrafast spectroscopy, 超高速分光, coherent phonon, コヒーレントフォノン, spintronics, スピントロニクス, transition metal oxide, 遷移金属酸化物, IFJ PAN, JACS, 物理学, physics
A permanent electric dipole moment (EDM) of a subatomic particle would mean its positive and negative charge are slightly offset along its spin axis. The Standard Model predicts EDMs far too small to detect, so any measurable value would signal new physics and an extra source of CP violation — the matter–antimatter imbalance that lets the Universe contain more matter than antimatter. The deuteron (the nucleus of “heavy hydrogen,” a bound proton–neutron pair) is a particularly clean place to look.
The JEDI Collaboration used the COSY (Cooler Synchrotron) storage ring to determine the invariant spin axis of stored deuterons, combining a radio-frequency Wien filter, a superconducting Siberian snake and an electron-cooler solenoid. The measured tilts of a few milliradians were dominated by systematic effects, yielding the first experimental limit on the deuteron EDM, |dd| < 2.5 × 10−17 e·cm (95% C.L.). Finding no asymmetry is consistent with conventional particle physics, but the bound narrows the space for beyond-Standard-Model CP violation and pioneers storage-ring EDM searches for charged particles. The result is reported in Physical Review Letters (published 16 June 2026) and highlighted in Nature.
Journal article / 論文: JEDI Collaboration, “First Experimental Limit on the Permanent Electric Dipole Moment of the Deuteron,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 241801 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/ns3s-ld4k
Coverage / 報道: S. Hoekstra, “Electric fields probe the symmetry of the ‘heavy hydrogen’ nucleus,” Nature News & Views(2026年6月25日)
Keywords: deuteron EDM, 重陽子EDM, electric dipole moment, 電気双極子モーメント, CP violation, CP破れ, matter-antimatter asymmetry, 物質反物質非対称, beyond standard model, 標準模型を超える物理, storage ring, 貯蔵リング, COSY, JEDI Collaboration, particle physics, 素粒子物理, fundamental symmetry, 基本対称性, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
A superfluid flows without friction, and when it rotates its angular momentum is quantized — it can only take discrete values set by quantum mechanics. In gases of paired fermions (such as ultracold lithium atoms), the way pairs form changes smoothly across the BEC–BCS crossover, from tightly bound molecules (a Bose–Einstein condensate) to loosely correlated Cooper pairs (as in superconductors). How this microscopic pairing connects to the large-scale rotating flow has been hard to measure directly.
A team including M. Frómeta Fernández, D. Hernández-Rajkov and G. Roati built a matter-wave analogue of the Sagnac interferometer — the device behind optical gyroscopes — but using phonons (quantized sound waves) travelling around a ring-shaped superfluid instead of light. By reading the phase shift that rotation imprints on counter-propagating phonons, they directly measured the angular momentum per particle across the whole BEC–BCS crossover, giving a clean experimental link between fermionic pairing and macroscopic superflow. The work is published in Nature Physics.
Keywords: fermionic superfluid, フェルミ超流体, BEC-BCS crossover, BEC–BCSクロスオーバー, Sagnac interferometer, サニャック干渉計, phonon interferometry, フォノン干渉, quantized angular momentum, 量子化角運動量, Cooper pairs, クーパー対, ultracold atoms, 超低温原子, Fermi gas, フェルミ気体, superflow, 超流動, G. Roati, Nature Physics, 物理学, physics
Whether a magnet’s spins behave in a three-dimensional or essentially two-dimensional way — and whether they are best described by the Heisenberg model (spins free to point in any direction) or the Ising model (spins restricted to two directions) — depends on the material’s dimensionality and its magnetic anisotropy. In atomically thin van der Waals magnets, controlling this character is key to designing spintronic devices.
Working with the van der Waals ferromagnet Fe₃GeTe₂, Ke Xiao, Ruifeng Wang, Stuart S. P. Parkin and colleagues showed that self-intercalation — inserting additional iron atoms into the gaps between the layers — drives an anomalous crossover from 3D Heisenberg to 2D Ising ferromagnetism. Tuning the amount of intercalated iron thus tunes the very nature of the magnetic order, offering a route to engineer low-dimensional magnetism on demand. The study appears in Nature Physics.
Keywords: van der Waals magnet, ファンデルワールス磁性体, Fe3GeTe2, self-intercalation, 自己インターカレーション, Heisenberg model, ハイゼンベルク模型, Ising model, イジング模型, dimensional crossover, 次元クロスオーバー, ferromagnetism, 強磁性, magnetic anisotropy, 磁気異方性, 2D magnetism, 二次元磁性, spintronics, スピントロニクス, Stuart Parkin, Max Planck Institute, Nature Physics, 物理学, physics
Topological materials have electronic states protected by the global “shape” of their energy bands, giving them robust conducting surfaces and other unusual properties. Floquet engineering is the idea that shining intense, periodic light on an ordinary material could temporarily rewrite its band structure and switch on such topology — but clear experimental evidence in a real semiconductor has been lacking.
F. Chassot, A. Pulkkinen, C. Monney and colleagues studied tin telluride (SnTe), which is topologically trivial in its normal state. Using femtosecond laser pulses and time-resolved photoemission, they observed that the light briefly induces a band inversion, creating a transient topological state that vanishes once the pulse is gone. The result is direct evidence that light-driven Floquet engineering can turn topology on and off in a semiconductor. The work is published in Nature Physics.
Journal article / 論文: F. Chassot, A. Pulkkinen, C. Monney et al., “Floquet topological state induced by light-driven band inversion in SnTe,” Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03341-0
Keywords: Floquet engineering, フロケ・エンジニアリング, topological state, トポロジカル状態, SnTe, tin telluride, テルル化スズ, band inversion, バンド反転, light-driven, 光駆動, femtosecond laser, フェムト秒レーザー, time-resolved ARPES, 時間分解光電子分光, topological crystalline insulator, トポロジカル結晶絶縁体, C. Monney, University of Fribourg, フリブール大学, Nature Physics, 物理学, physics
Liquid water looks simple, but it hides dozens of anomalies — most famously that it reaches its maximum density at about 4°C and becomes easier to compress as it is cooled. For decades, one popular explanation has been the two-state model: the idea that liquid water is not a single uniform substance but a fluctuating mixture of two interconvertible local structures — a denser, more disordered arrangement and a less dense, more ordered (more ice-like) one.
In a study published in Nature Physics, Liwen Li, Jie Zhong and colleagues use large-scale molecular-dynamics simulations to provide fresh molecular-level evidence that these two local structures genuinely coexist and continuously interconvert throughout ordinary liquid water — not only in the hard-to-reach deeply supercooled regime. The work strengthens the case that water's many anomalies arise from the competition between these two structural motifs, rather than treating the two-state behaviour as a special feature of extreme conditions.
Journal article / 論文: L. Li, J. Zhong et al., “Evidence for the generic existence of two local structures in liquid water,” Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03301-8
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org(2026年6月25日)
Keywords: liquid water, 液体の水, two-state model, 二状態モデル, two local structures, 二つの局所構造, water anomalies, 水の異常性, density maximum, 密度最大, supercooled water, 過冷却水, molecular dynamics, 分子動力学, hydrogen bonding, 水素結合, interconversion, 相互変換, Liwen Li, Jie Zhong, Nature Physics, 物理学, physics
A black hole's event horizon — the boundary beyond which nothing, not even light, can escape — sits exactly where Einstein's general relativity and quantum theory are expected to meet, yet it has been almost impossible to observe directly. When two black holes merge they emit gravitational waves, ripples in spacetime detected on Earth by the twin LIGO observatories. The signal GW250114, recorded in 2025, is the loudest binary-black-hole event ever heard — about three times louder than the first detection a decade ago — making it a uniquely powerful natural laboratory.
A team led by Dr. Ling Sun and Ph.D. candidate Neil Lu at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery (OzGrav) and the Australian National University, with colleagues in Canada, the United States and Spain, developed a new way to decode the signal. Within the "sound" of the crash they isolated a small, previously poorly understood component called direct waves, which carry information from very close to the horizon. From it they extracted two fundamental properties of the newly formed black hole — its rotation frequency and surface gravity — providing a new observational window onto the event-horizon region and a first step toward future strong-field tests of general relativity. The work is published in Nature.
Journal article / 論文: L. Sun, N. Lu, et al., Nature (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10696-0(重力波GW250114の解析によるブラックホール事象の地平面近傍の観測)
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org / ANU・OzGrav(2026年6月24日)
Keywords: GW250114, gravitational waves, 重力波, event horizon, 事象の地平面, black hole merger, ブラックホール合体, binary black hole, 連星ブラックホール, direct waves, 直接波, surface gravity, 表面重力, ringdown, リングダウン, LIGO, general relativity, 一般相対論, strong-field gravity, 強重力場, Ling Sun, Neil Lu, OzGrav, Australian National University, オーストラリア国立大学, Nature, 物理学, physics
Ordinary crystals such as salt or diamond repeat their pattern in space. A time crystal, first proposed by Nobel laureate Frank Wilczek in 2012, instead repeats in time, with its components in perpetual, self-sustaining motion. Until now such states were thought to require highly complex, fragile quantum systems at near-absolute-zero temperatures, such as trapped ions or quantum simulators.
A team from Hiroshima University (WPI-SKCM²) and the University of Colorado Boulder, with first author Hanqing Zhao and Ivan I. Smalyukh, instead realised a classical space-time crystal in a room-temperature chiral liquid crystal driven by constant light. The emergent, particle-like solitons break symmetry in both space and time and move like Majorana-type quasiparticles. Remarkably, the structures stayed stable for more than 24 hours and survived deliberate disruption of the drive timing by up to 20%, showing that rich space-time symmetries are not confined to the quantum world. Because liquid crystals already underpin display technology, the authors suggest applications in reconfigurable optics such as beam steerers and laser elements. The work is published in Nature Communications.
Journal article / 論文: Hanqing Zhao et al., "Emergent discrete space-time crystal of Majorana-like quasiparticles in chiral liquid crystals," Nature Communications (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-70880-8
Coverage / 報道: 広島大学 / Hiroshima University / Phys.org(2026年6月24日)
Keywords: space-time crystal, 時空間結晶, time crystal, 時間結晶, タイムクリスタル, Majorana-like quasiparticle, マヨラナ型準粒子, chiral liquid crystal, キラル液晶, topological soliton, トポロジカルソリトン, time-translation symmetry breaking, 時間並進対称性の破れ, soft matter, ソフトマター, nonequilibrium, 非平衡, Frank Wilczek, ウィルチェック, Hanqing Zhao, Ivan Smalyukh, Hiroshima University, 広島大学, University of Colorado Boulder, コロラド大学, Nature Communications, 物理学, physics
Most cooling relies on moving a fluid or running a refrigerator, but light itself can in principle cool a solid: if a material re-emits photons carrying slightly more energy than it absorbs, the missing energy is taken from the material’s heat (its phonons). This optical cooling (laser refrigeration) usually demands near-perfect light-emission efficiency, which few materials achieve.
Jiamin Lin, Baixu Xiang, Weigao Xu and colleagues demonstrated optical cooling in stacked two-dimensional semiconductor heterostructures, where laser light drives phonon-assisted charge transfer across the interface between the layers. Because the heat is removed through this interfacial process, cooling no longer requires the stringent quantum-efficiency conditions that have held the method back — pointing toward cryogen-free, on-chip thermal management for electronics and quantum devices. The work is published in Nature.
Journal article / 論文: J. Lin, B. Xiang, W. Xu et al., “Optical cooling by interfacial charge transfer in 2D heterostructures,” Nature (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10662-w
Keywords: optical cooling, 光学冷却, laser refrigeration, レーザー冷却, 2D heterostructure, 2次元ヘテロ構造, interfacial charge transfer, 界面電荷移動, phonon-assisted, フォノン補助, transition metal dichalcogenide, 遷移金属ダイカルコゲナイド, anti-Stokes, アンチストークス, thermal management, 熱管理, cryogen-free, 冷媒不要, Weigao Xu, Nanjing University, 南京大学, Nature, 物理学, physics
A cornerstone of modern cosmology, the cosmological principle, assumes that on sufficiently large scales the Universe is homogeneous (the same everywhere) and isotropic (the same in every direction). Most analyses assume this statistical isotropy sets in well below the size of the observable Universe.
Francesco Sylos Labini and Marco Galoppo applied a parameter-free measure they call the Angular Distribution of Pairwise Distances to map directional correlations in the distribution of galaxies. They report evidence for coherent anisotropic structures extending over gigaparsec scales (billions of light-years) — larger than expected if the cosmos were statistically isotropic on those scales. If it holds up to independent checks, the finding would be in tension with the cosmological principle and could affect how cosmological parameters are inferred; like all such large-scale anisotropy claims, it will need confirmation with further data. The study is published in Nature.
Journal article / 論文: F. Sylos Labini & M. Galoppo, “Detection of anisotropic cosmic structures on a gigaparsec scale,” Nature (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10702-5
Keywords: cosmological principle, 宇宙原理, isotropy, 等方性, homogeneity, 一様性, anisotropy, 異方性, large-scale structure, 大規模構造, gigaparsec, ギガパーセク, galaxy distribution, 銀河分布, pairwise distances, 対距離, cosmology, 宇宙論, Francesco Sylos Labini, Marco Galoppo, Nature, 物理学, physics
A ring laser gyroscope measures rotation by sending two laser beams in opposite directions around a loop and watching how rotation shifts their frequencies (the Sagnac effect). But at very slow rotation the two beams tend to “lock” together in frequency, creating a dead zone — the lock-in problem — that has long limited the smallest rotations these devices can sense. Conventional fixes add mechanical “dithering” or bulky external parts.
Yuan-Hao Mao, Ji-Peng Xu, Hui Jing and colleagues instead used spontaneous symmetry breaking in a helium–neon ring laser to make the two directions intrinsically different — a kind of built-in chirality. This eliminates lock-in and lets the gyroscope measure rotation accurately right down to near zero, without external components, improving both miniaturization and precision. The work is published in Nature.
Journal article / 論文: Y.-H. Mao, J.-P. Xu, H. Jing et al., “Chiral laser gyroscopes breaking the lock-in limit,” Nature (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10684-4
Keywords: ring laser gyroscope, リングレーザージャイロ, lock-in, ロックイン, Sagnac effect, サニャック効果, spontaneous symmetry breaking, 自発的対称性の破れ, chirality, カイラリティ, helium-neon laser, ヘリウムネオンレーザー, rotation sensing, 回転検出, inertial navigation, 慣性航法, gyroscope miniaturization, ジャイロ小型化, Hui Jing, Nature, 物理学, physics
When the Sun erupts in a coronal mass ejection (CME), it flings out a bubble of magnetized plasma — a magnetic cloud — that can disturb satellites, navigation and power grids if it reaches Earth. Forecasters have generally assumed these clouds expand smoothly and predictably as they travel through the solar wind.
A team led by the University of Iowa (corresponding author Shirsh Lata Soni, with co-author David Miles, and colleagues at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre and Amity University in India) caught the same magnetic cloud with two spacecraft — Solar Orbiter (0.84 AU) and Wind (0.98 AU) — separated by just 0.14 AU (about 21 million km). In that short span the cloud underwent a “super expansion,” growing about 21% and heating to roughly three times its plasma temperature, expanding at around 192 km s⁻¹ as it interacted with the surrounding solar wind. The rapid, non-uniform growth could change how space-weather impacts are predicted. The study appears in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org / University of Iowa(2026年6月24日)
Keywords: coronal mass ejection, コロナ質量放出, CME, magnetic cloud, 磁気雲, super expansion, 超膨張, Solar Orbiter, ソーラーオービター, Wind spacecraft, space weather, 宇宙天気, solar wind, 太陽風, interplanetary, 惑星間空間, geomagnetic storm, 磁気嵐, University of Iowa, アイオワ大学, MNRAS, 物理学, physics
Strongly disordered superconductors (SDSCs) — thin films such as InOx, TiN, NbN and granular aluminium — are widely used in qubits, microwave resonators and photon detectors, where coherence times are limited by low-temperature microwave dissipation. The standard Mattis–Bardeen theory fails here because the single-particle spectrum shows a hard pseudogap.
Anton V. Khvalyuk and Mikhail V. Feigel’man developed a microscopic theory showing that low-frequency dissipation is dominated by a new type of bulk localized collective mode arising from the spatial inhomogeneity of the superconducting state. Rare “weak spots” host localized modes — low-energy rearrangements of Cooper pairs whose electric dipole is set by the weak-spot size rather than by pair breaking — producing a dissipative response with a two-level-system-like tanh(ℏω/2T) factor. The picture turns microwave spectroscopy into a probe of the order-parameter distribution and suggests a fresh strategy to extend coherence times in superconducting quantum devices. Published in Physical Review Letters.
Journal article / 論文: A. V. Khvalyuk, M. V. Feigel’man, “Dissipation due to Bulk Localized Low-Energy Modes in Strongly Disordered Superconductors,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 256001 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/923y-49z5
Keywords: disordered superconductor, 乱れた超伝導体, microwave dissipation, マイクロ波損失, collective modes, 集団励起, Cooper pairs, クーパー対, qubit coherence, 量子ビットコヒーレンス, pseudogap, 擬ギャップ, InOx, TiN, NbN, granular aluminum, Feigelman, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Photon loss is the central obstacle in quantum communication: over a long or lossy optical channel, only a tiny fraction of directly transmitted photons survive, throttling applications such as loophole-free Bell tests and device-independent quantum key distribution. Quantum teleportation offers a "disembodied" alternative — it transfers a photon's quantum state through a virtual channel of pre-shared entanglement plus classical communication, so in principle the state can arrive even when the photon itself would have been lost. Yet experimentally, no previous single-photon teleportation had ever shown a higher survival probability than simply sending the photon directly.
A team led by Jian-Wei Pan, Chao-Yang Lu and colleagues at the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) overcame this by first proposing and demonstrating an all-optical scheme for remote preparation of event-ready entangled photons. Through an effective 15 dB channel loss they reached an 82% heralding efficiency for the entangled pairs, and — using that pre-distributed entanglement — measured a 2.95-fold enhancement in transmission efficiency compared with direct transmission through the same channel, establishing an unconditional teleportational advantage for single photons. The result is a concrete step toward loss-tolerant quantum networks and a future quantum internet.
Journal article / 論文: L.-C. Peng, D. Wu, …, C.-Y. Lu & J.-W. Pan, "Unconditional quantum teleportational advantage of single photons," Nature Physics (2026)(プレプリント: arXiv:2511.08951)
Preprint & Coverage / プレプリント・報道: arXiv:2511.08951 (PDF)
Keywords: quantum teleportation, 量子テレポーテーション, single photon, 単一光子, photon loss, 光子損失, quantum communication, 量子通信, quantum entanglement, 量子もつれ, event-ready entanglement, heralding efficiency, ヘラルド効率, lossy channel, 損失通信路, quantum internet, 量子インターネット, Jian-Wei Pan, 潘建偉, Chao-Yang Lu, USTC, 中国科学技術大学, Nature Physics, 物理学, physics
For roughly a century, magnets came in two basic kinds — ferromagnets, whose electron spins line up to produce an external field, and antiferromagnets, whose spins cancel out. Within the last decade theorists identified a third category, the altermagnet, in which a special arrangement of rotated atoms and alternating spins combines the fast switching of antiferromagnets with electronic properties useful for spintronics. More than 200 materials are predicted to be altermagnets, but confirming the class in any given material remains experimentally difficult.
A team led by Jamir Marino at the University at Buffalo, together with Libor Šmejkal and Jairo Sinova (who first proposed altermagnetism) at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz and a collaborator at the Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, proposes a minimally invasive quantum-sensing test. A nitrogen–vacancy (NV) center — a single atomic defect in diamond that is exquisitely sensitive to nearby magnetism — is placed beside a suspected altermagnet, and its spin is rotated and allowed to relax in different directions. Direction-dependent relaxation would betray the telltale spin texture of an altermagnet. The scheme so far exists only in theory and awaits experimental realization, but it could become a building block for confirming — and ultimately exploiting — these materials in low-power electronics.
Coverage / 報道: University at Buffalo / Phys.org
Keywords: altermagnet, アルターマグネット, antiferromagnet, 反強磁性体, ferromagnet, 強磁性体, nitrogen-vacancy center, NV中心, 窒素空孔中心, diamond defect, ダイヤモンド欠陥, quantum sensing, 量子センシング, spintronics, スピントロニクス, spin relaxation, スピン緩和, Jamir Marino, Libor Šmejkal, Jairo Sinova, University at Buffalo, バッファロー大学, JGU Mainz, マインツ大学, Max Planck Institute, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Skyrmions are tiny, swirling, knot-like configurations — in light they appear as miniature topological textures, "akin to the spikes of a hedgehog." They are a hot research topic because their stability could be harnessed for future data storage and communications. Until now, generating optical skyrmions typically required complex and costly engineered materials such as metasurfaces.
A team led by Assistant Professor Shen Yijie at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore showed a much simpler route: directing a laser at a small circular disk to exploit the Poisson spot (also called the Arago spot), a bright point that appears in the centre of a circular shadow — a phenomenon known since the early 19th century. The resulting light field hosts up to four kinds of skyrmions at once — spin, Stokes, electric-field and magnetic-field skyrmions — letting researchers study how different optical skyrmions form and interact within a single beam. The work is published in Optica.
Journal article / 論文: Jun Yao et al., "Optical skyrmions in Poisson spots," Optica (2026), DOI: 10.1364/optica.591840
Coverage / 報道: NTU Singapore / Phys.org(2026年6月23日)
Keywords: optical skyrmion, 光スカーミオン, Poisson spot, ポアソンの輝点, Arago spot, アラゴの斑点, topological photonics, トポロジカルフォトニクス, Stokes skyrmion, spin skyrmion, structured light, 構造光, polarization, 偏光, data storage, データ保存, Shen Yijie, Nanyang Technological University, 南洋理工大学, NTU Singapore, Optica, 物理学, physics
In everyday life, energy does not simply add up — two cups of warm water do not make one cup of boiling water. But in the quantum world, multiple low-energy photons can combine into a single, higher-energy one, a process called photon upconversion. Ultraviolet (UV) light is indispensable for air purification, 3D-printing resin curing and dental fillings, yet it makes up only about 6% of the sunlight reaching Earth's surface, and converting abundant visible light into UV efficiently in a solid has been a long-standing challenge.
A team at Kyushu University developed a solid-state molecular material using sterically protected π-electron systems that performs triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) upconversion, "upgrading" visible light into UV under ordinary outdoor sunlight intensity with a conversion efficiency of 1.9%. By taking the energy of two visible photons and fusing it into one ultraviolet photon in a stable solid, the work — described as the culmination of more than 14 years of research — points toward better use of the visible light we usually waste, for solar energy and UV-driven applications. It is published in Nature Communications.
Journal article / 論文: "Sterically protected π-electron systems for efficient solid-state photon upconversion," Nature Communications (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-73898-0(九州大学)
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org(2026年6月23日)
Keywords: photon upconversion, 光アップコンバージョン, triplet-triplet annihilation, 三重項三重項消滅, TTA-UC, ultraviolet, 紫外線, visible light, 可視光, solar energy, 太陽光エネルギー, π-electron system, π電子系, molecular solid, 分子固体, conversion efficiency, 変換効率, Kyushu University, 九州大学, Nature Communications, 物理学, physics, 光化学
Kagome metals — named for a woven-basket lattice of corner-sharing triangles — are a playground for exotic quantum phenomena. Physicists have long suspected they host a subtle form of spontaneous symmetry breaking called loop-current order, in which microscopic currents circulate and break time-reversal symmetry. The effect had been predicted theoretically but was extremely hard to detect, because its signals are faint and easily masked by other states appearing at similar temperatures.
A team led by Yeongkwan Kim at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) studied the kagome superconductor CsV₃Sb₅ (caesium vanadium antimonide), which passes through several ordered states before becoming superconducting at low temperature. By probing it with circularly polarized light in a circular-dichroism ARPES (angle-resolved photoemission) experiment, they obtained the strongest evidence yet for the broken-time-reversal loop-current phase. The result could shed new light on how these materials transition into superconductivity. It is published in Nature Physics.
Journal article / 論文: Y. Kim et al., Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03331-2(カゴメ金属CsV₃Sb₅における時間反転対称性の破れ/ループ電流秩序の観測)
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org(2026年6月23日)
Keywords: kagome metal, カゴメ金属, CsV3Sb5, loop-current order, ループ電流秩序, time-reversal symmetry breaking, 時間反転対称性の破れ, spontaneous symmetry breaking, 自発的対称性の破れ, charge density wave, 電荷密度波, superconductivity, 超伝導, circular dichroism ARPES, 円二色性ARPES, 角度分解光電子分光, Yeongkwan Kim, KAIST, 韓国科学技術院, Nature Physics, 凝縮系物理学, 物理学, physics
At the heart of every particle accelerator sit radiofrequency (RF) systems, which use electromagnetic waves to push particle beams close to the speed of light and keep them tightly bunched. The low-level RF (LLRF) electronics act as the control "brain," shaping those fields in real time so the beam stays stable and precise. For the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) — the next-generation U.S. nuclear-physics machine now being built at Brookhaven National Laboratory on the bones of the retired RHIC — the LLRF must be both extremely accurate and reproducible across many systems.
Brookhaven reports a key early milestone: the first successful test of newly built, "common-platform" LLRF electronics on a real accelerator cavity. The common platform is shared hardware and control software that lets different accelerator subsystems reuse the same electronics rather than building bespoke controls for each. Demonstrating it on an actual cavity validates a design that will be replicated throughout the EIC, which will collide polarized electrons with ions to image — with unprecedented sharpness — how quarks and the gluons binding them generate the mass and spin of protons and nuclei.
Press release / 発表: Brookhaven National Laboratory — Electron-Ion Collider (EIC)(2026年6月22日, DOE Brookhaven National Laboratory)
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org / Science X(2026年6月22日)
Keywords: Electron-Ion Collider, EIC, 電子イオン衝突型加速器, low-level radiofrequency, LLRF, 低レベル高周波, radiofrequency system, 高周波システム, accelerator cavity, 加速空洞, common platform, Brookhaven National Laboratory, ブルックヘブン国立研究所, RHIC, quark, gluon, クォーク, グルーオン, proton spin, 陽子スピン, next-generation collider, 次世代加速器, 物理学, physics
String theory has been studied for more than 50 years as a leading candidate for a “theory of everything,” yet a basic question lingered: is it an arbitrary mathematical construction, or is it singled out by physical principles? A new study takes a “bootstrap” approach — starting from a few minimal, physically reasonable assumptions about how particles scatter at high energy, and asking which scattering amplitudes are even allowed by consistency.
Clifford Cheung (Caltech), Grant N. Remmen (New York University), Francesco Sciotti and Michele Tarquini (IFAE Barcelona) show that consistency alone forces every tree-level four-point amplitude to have vanishing residues at prescribed values of the momentum transfer. Assuming “ultrasoft” high-energy behavior, the space of minimally consistent amplitudes — those whose residues exhibit these mandated zeros and nothing more — collapses uniquely onto the celebrated Veneziano and Virasoro–Shapiro amplitudes of string theory; similar logic extends to five-point scattering. “The strings just fell out,” Cheung said. In other words, string-like scattering may be an almost inevitable consequence of a few simple rules, rather than a special assumption — published in Physical Review Letters and highlighted in an APS Physics Viewpoint.
Journal article / 論文: C. Cheung, G. N. Remmen, F. Sciotti & M. Tarquini, “Strings from Almost Nothing,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 251601 (2026). DOI: 10.1103/cw4p-cqh7
Coverage / 報道: APS Physics Viewpoint | NYU News
Keywords: string theory, 弦理論, Veneziano amplitude, ヴェネツィアーノ振幅, Virasoro-Shapiro amplitude, ヴィラソロシャピロ振幅, bootstrap, ブートストラップ, scattering amplitudes, 散乱振幅, S-matrix, S行列, theory of everything, 万物の理論, ultrasoft, Clifford Cheung, Grant Remmen, Caltech, NYU, IFAE, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
In the fractional quantum Hall (FQH) effect, electrons confined to two dimensions in a strong magnetic field form exotic incompressible quantum liquids. Beyond their charged quasiparticles, these liquids host neutral collective excitations. A “quantum geometry” picture predicts chiral spin-2 modes that behave like condensed-matter analogues of the graviton — the hypothetical spin-2 quantum of gravity. In 2024 a team including Lingjie Du reported the first experimental evidence for such chiral graviton modes at filling factor ν = 1/3.
Now, writing in Nature Physics, Zihao Yang, Yifan Wang and Lingjie Du report observing multiple chiral spin-2 neutral excitations across FQH states. The number and structure of these modes match the predictions of the “parton” construction — a theoretical scheme in which an electron is imagined as built from fictitious sub-particles (“partons”). The result provides experimental support for the parton description of the quantum Hall effect and deepens the surprising bridge between FQH liquids and the physics of gravity and quantum geometry.
Journal article / 論文: Z. Yang, Y. Wang & L. Du, “Chiral spin-2 neutral excitations and the parton description of the fractional quantum Hall effect,” Nature Physics (2026年6月22日公開)
Coverage / 報道: 関連:Liang et al., “Evidence for chiral graviton modes in fractional quantum Hall liquids,” Nature 628, 78 (2024)
Keywords: fractional quantum Hall effect, 分数量子ホール効果, chiral graviton, カイラルグラビトン, spin-2 mode, スピン2モード, magnetoroton, マグネトロトン, parton, パートン, neutral excitation, 中性励起, quantum geometry, 量子幾何学, graviton, グラビトン, 重力子, Lingjie Du, 杜霊傑, Nature Physics, 物理学, physics
Warm dense matter (WDM) is an exotic state that is too hot to treat as ordinary condensed matter, yet too dense to treat as a weakly coupled plasma. It is central to understanding planetary interiors, materials under extreme conditions, and inertial-confinement fusion. In WDM the electron density oscillates collectively as plasmons, which can be read out with X-rays via X-ray Thomson scattering (XRTS) — but interpreting those spectra relies on models of how electrons respond.
Researchers at the European XFEL, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Rostock University and partners used high-precision angle-resolved femtosecond XRTS on shock-compressed aluminium (about 50 GPa) over a wide range of scattering wave vectors. They found that the de-facto-standard uniform-electron-gas models overestimate the plasmon resonance energy by up to 8 eV, while ab initio calculations that account for shock-induced disorder agree with experiment. Because these models are used to infer opacity, conductivity and energy transport, the result implies that reliable WDM diagnostics require first-principles treatments. It is published in Physical Review Letters.
Journal article / 論文: D. S. Bespalov et al., "Momentum-resolved x-ray Thomson scattering benchmark of electronic-response models in warm dense aluminium," Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 245102 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/86cw-8wm5
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org / European XFEL(2026年6月22日)
Keywords: warm dense matter, ワームデンスマター, 高温高密度物質, X-ray Thomson scattering, X線トムソン散乱, plasmon, プラズモン, uniform electron gas, 一様電子ガス, ab initio, 第一原理計算, shock-compressed aluminium, 衝撃圧縮アルミニウム, high energy density physics, 高エネルギー密度物理, inertial confinement fusion, 慣性核融合, European XFEL, 欧州XFEL, HZDR, Rostock University, ロストック大学, Physical Review Letters, プラズマ物理学, 物理学, physics
Astronauts aboard the International Space Station have switched on NASA’s newly upgraded Cold Atom Lab (CAL), the minifridge-sized facility operated remotely by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. CAL chills rubidium and potassium atoms to just above absolute zero (below −459 °F, about −273 °C), where they merge into a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) — a “fifth state of matter” whose wave nature dominates. In the microgravity of low Earth orbit these matter waves grow larger and can be observed for longer than on Earth.
The upgraded science module launched on April 11 on a Commercial Resupply Services mission (NG-24, the final scheduled hardware delivery for CAL) and was installed by astronaut Jessica Meir on May 8. According to NASA, the new SM-3X module collects more atoms, allows quantum gas clouds to be shaped with greater flexibility, and can create BECs about five times larger than previous modules, while the HXM-1 module upgrades the magnetic-control electronics. The facility currently supports five international research teams pursuing tests of Einstein’s equivalence principle, atom interferometry, and questions about dark matter and dark energy. “We’re performing quantum 2.0 — direct manipulation of large quantum states,” said JPL deputy project scientist Ethan Elliott.
Source / 出典: NASA/JPL (2026-06)「NASA's Quantum Lab Aboard Space Station Gets Chilly Upgrade」 | NASA Science「Cold Atom Lab Upgrade Studies Dark Matter, Quantum Physics」 | ScienceDaily (2026-06-22)
Keywords: Cold Atom Lab, コールドアトムラボ, Bose-Einstein condensate, ボース・アインシュタイン凝縮, BEC, International Space Station, 国際宇宙ステーション, ISS, microgravity, 微小重力, ultracold atoms, 極低温原子, atom interferometry, 原子干渉計, equivalence principle, 等価原理, dark matter, ダークマター, quantum technology, 量子技術, NASA, JPL, SM-3X, 物理学, physics
Complex numbers — and the imaginary unit i — sit at the heart of standard quantum mechanics, from the Schrödinger equation to the structure of quantum states. Whether they are genuinely fundamental or merely convenient has been debated for nearly a century. A 2021 proposal seemed to settle the question: under certain postulates, no real-valued quantum theory could reproduce all predictions of the complex one, and two experiments backed that up. Now Pedro Barrios Hita and Dagmar Bruß at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (HHU), working with the German Aerospace Center (DLR), show that one of those postulates — about how composite systems are combined — was too restrictive.
Replacing it with a physically motivated alternative for system composition yields a whole class of theories formulated entirely with real numbers that are experimentally indistinguishable from standard quantum mechanics: both frameworks give identical predictions for every conceivable experiment. The result implies that imaginary numbers are not fundamentally necessary in quantum theory and can, in principle, be replaced by real-valued formulations — recasting i as a matter of mathematical convenience rather than physical necessity. (Independent real-valued formulations were also proposed in 2026 by groups in France and elsewhere.)
Journal article / 論文: P. Barrios Hita & D. Bruß, "Quantum Mechanics Based on Real Numbers: A Consistent Description," Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 240202 (2026)(APS Physics Viewpoint・解説)
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org
Keywords: real quantum mechanics, 実数の量子力学, real-valued quantum theory, imaginary numbers, 虚数, complex numbers, 複素数, quantum foundations, 量子基礎論, Schrödinger equation, シュレーディンガー方程式, Hilbert space, ヒルベルト空間, composite systems, 複合系, Barrios Hita, Dagmar Bruß, Heinrich Heine University, デュッセルドルフ大学, DLR, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Dark matter outweighs ordinary matter by roughly five to one, yet it neither emits nor absorbs light and can only be inferred through gravity. Around a supermassive black hole — such as Sagittarius A* at the center of the Milky Way — ordinary gas glows brightly as it spirals inward through a hot accretion disk, but any surrounding dark matter stays invisible even to instruments like the Event Horizon Telescope. Mayank Sharma, a physics graduate student at Virginia Tech, and colleagues asked whether dark matter clustered around these black holes could nonetheless be weighed indirectly.
Their tool is reverberation mapping ("echo mapping"): as material falls in, the accretion disk brightens in a pulse; that light travels outward and is re-emitted, slightly later, by gas farther out. The delay — set by the speed of light — gives the distance to that gas, and the inferred mass profile can include the contribution of any dark matter. Applied to 14 galaxies, the method turned up 5 in which the enclosed mass rises with distance from the central black hole faster than the visible matter alone allows. The authors stress this is a proof of concept rather than a definitive detection, but it sketches a concrete path to weighing dark matter in the most extreme galactic environments.
Journal article / 論文: M. Sharma et al., Physical Review D (2026). DOI: 10.1103/llpr-gnmh
Coverage / 報道: Space.com | Virginia Tech News
Keywords: dark matter, 暗黒物質, supermassive black hole, 超大質量ブラックホール, reverberation mapping, 残響マッピング, echo mapping, 光のこだま, Sagittarius A*, いて座A*, accretion disk, 降着円盤, broad-line region, mass profile, 質量分布, Mayank Sharma, Virginia Tech, バージニア工科大学, Physical Review D, 天体物理学, astrophysics, 物理学, physics
Einstein argued that the fundamental equations of physics should contain no freely adjustable parameters — every such quantity ought to emerge from physical processes rather than be inserted by hand. This expectation matters acutely for quantum gravity, whose governing equations are not supposed to harbour arbitrary external numbers. A study led by a researcher at Kyushu University with collaborators (incl. Shota Komatsu and Yuya Kusuki) now addresses this in the setting of conformal field theory (CFT) and exactly marginal operators — the operators that generate continuous families of CFTs.
The authors show that, under certain assumptions, the continuous parameters labelling such a family can be understood as arising from local operators within the theory itself, rather than as dials imposed from outside. Through the AdS/CFT correspondence, this supports the prediction that quantum gravity contains no freely chosen external parameters, speaking directly to a foundational question about what is and is not fundamental. The result currently applies to two-dimensional CFTs; extending it to more general cases is the next goal.
Journal article / 論文: S. Komatsu et al., "Continuous Family of Conformal Field Theories and Exactly Marginal Operators," Phys. Rev. Lett. (2026). DOI: 10.1103/4759-7qj2
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org
Keywords: quantum gravity, 量子重力, conformal field theory, 共形場理論, CFT, exactly marginal operators, マージナル演算子, free parameters, 自由パラメータ, AdS/CFT correspondence, AdS/CFT対応, holography, ホログラフィー, local operators, 局所演算子, Einstein, アインシュタイン, Shota Komatsu, Yuya Kusuki, Kyushu University, 九州大学, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
In some approaches to quantum gravity, time is not a built-in feature of the Universe. The Wheeler–DeWitt equation, for instance, describes the cosmos as a whole as a single, unchanging quantum state with no external clock — so any sense of “time” must somehow emerge from the internal relationships between the system’s parts. This “problem of time” has long lived in the most abstract corners of theoretical physics, seemingly beyond experimental reach.
Professor Giovanni Barontini of the University of Birmingham built a laboratory analogue: a hermetically closed quantum system of about 24,000 ultracold atoms, cooled to a few billionths of a degree above absolute zero, split by a laser-made barrier into an observed “bright” sector and a hidden “dark” one. As atoms shuttled between the two sectors, the changing distribution defined an internal, entropy-based “time” — a parameter that has a direction, orders events, and can speed up, slow down, or even halt when the distribution holds steady. The bright sector repeatedly expanded and contracted like a miniature Big-Bang/Big-Crunch cycle, and a Schrödinger-like dynamics could be written entirely in this “entropic time,” with predictions matching the data. It is the first controlled experimental evidence that time can be defined by changes within a system rather than by an external ticking clock, offering a lab test bed for ideas in quantum cosmology and quantum gravity. Published in Physical Review Research (11 June 2026).
Journal article / 論文: G. Barontini, “Testing the problem of time with cold atoms,” Phys. Rev. Research 8, L022047 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/1h9j-df4k | University of Birmingham (2026-06)
Keywords: problem of time, 時間の問題, quantum gravity, 量子重力, Wheeler-DeWitt equation, ホイーラー・ドウィット方程式, emergent time, 創発する時間, entropic time, エントロピー的時間, ultracold atoms, 極低温原子, quantum cosmology, 量子宇宙論, arrow of time, 時間の矢, Big Bang, Big Crunch, Giovanni Barontini, University of Birmingham, バーミンガム大学, Physical Review Research, 物理学, physics
A superfluid flows without friction below a critical velocity, exerting zero drag on an obstacle; above that threshold, superfluidity breaks down and energy is dissipated into ripples and vortices. Researchers at Sorbonne University, the University of Porto, Côte d'Azur University and Paris-Saclay University (M. Baker-Rasooli, T. Aladjidi, P.-É. Larré, Q. Glorieux and colleagues) studied this in a paraxial superfluid of light: a 780 nm laser beam propagating through a 20 cm hot rubidium-87 vapor cell, where near-resonant nonlinearity makes the photons interact like a 2D quantum fluid, with a second laser beam acting as a mobile optical impurity.
Driving the impurity through the flow, the team observed a counter-intuitive effect above the superfluid critical velocity: instead of being swept downstream, the impurity moves upstream, against the current. Phase-resolved measurements show this self-propulsion coincides with the periodic nucleation of vortex–antivortex pairs shed downstream of the obstacle. The platform's unique tunability — interactions set by light intensity — makes fluids of light a powerful, controllable testbed for quantum many-body hydrodynamics and future photonic devices.
Journal article / 論文: M. Baker-Rasooli et al., "Swimming against a Superfluid Flow: Self-Propulsion via Vortex–Antivortex Shedding in a Quantum Fluid of Light," Phys. Rev. Lett. (2026). DOI: 10.1103/ndj1-1j89
Preprint & Coverage / プレプリント・報道: arXiv:2512.09028 | Phys.org
Keywords: superfluid of light, 光の超流動体, quantum fluid of light, 光の量子流体, paraxial fluid, 近軸流体, superfluidity, 超流動, critical velocity, 臨界速度, vortex-antivortex, 渦・反渦, rubidium vapor, ルビジウム蒸気, nonlinear optics, 非線形光学, photon-photon interaction, 光子間相互作用, quantum hydrodynamics, 量子流体力学, Glorieux, Sorbonne, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
In 1958, Philip Anderson made the foundational discovery that disorder can trap waves — Anderson localization — a phenomenon now central to both condensed-matter and wave physics. Conventionally, theory distinguishes just two localization phases: extended states that support transport, and localized states that suppress it (with critical states at the boundary). A team led by Yucheng Wang and Jingyun Fan at the Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, has now experimentally observed five distinct localization phases coexisting within a single quantum system.
Using an advanced, programmable photonic platform realizing a one-dimensional Floquet (periodically driven) system, the researchers map out a landscape that interleaves extended, localized and critical regimes far beyond the usual extended-vs-localized dichotomy. The work demonstrates that the structure of localization physics is substantially richer than long assumed, offering a clean, tunable testbed for mobility edges and quantum transport — with implications for designing materials and devices whose conduction can be switched between sharply different regimes.
Journal article / 論文: Y. Qin, …, Y. Wang, J. Fan, "Observation of Five Distinct Localization Phases in a 1D Floquet System," Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 230401 (2026)(解説:Phys.org)
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org
Keywords: Anderson localization, アンダーソン局在, localization phases, 局在相, extended states, 拡張状態, localized states, 局在状態, critical phase, 臨界相, mobility edge, モビリティ・エッジ, Floquet system, フロケ系, photonic platform, フォトニック・プラットフォーム, quasiperiodic, 準周期, quantum transport, 量子輸送, Yucheng Wang, Jingyun Fan, SUSTech, 南方科技大学, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Quantum emitters — tiny sources that emit single photons — are key building blocks for quantum computing, secure communication and ultrasensitive sensing. Scientists can create and study emitters embedded in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), a layered 2D material, but controlling them on demand has been a major challenge. A team at the University of Technology Sydney (UTS), with the University of Minnesota and Kyung Hee University (lead author Dr. Angus Gale), found a new control mechanism: mechanically twisting the top hBN layer relative to the one beneath it.
By stacking hBN flakes and adjusting the twist angle, the team shifted the emitted light's color and wavelength by roughly 30 nm — about 100 meV — at room temperature, for emitters identified with carbon-trimer color centers. Density-functional-theory calculations confirmed that the twist angle and stacking of the top layer strongly reshape the local environment of the embedded defects. Because emission wavelength must often be matched precisely to a target, this tunable, mechanical "dial" is a meaningful step toward deploying hBN single-photon sources in practical quantum technologies.
Journal article / 論文: A. Gale et al., "Twist-controlled modulation of quantum emitters in hexagonal boron nitride," Science Advances (19 June 2026)(解説:Phys.org)
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | ScienceDaily
Keywords: hexagonal boron nitride, 六方晶窒化ホウ素, hBN, quantum emitter, 量子エミッター, single-photon emitter, 単一光子源, color center, 色中心, carbon trimer, 炭素トリマー, twistronics, ツイストロニクス, twist angle, ねじれ角, van der Waals, ファンデルワールス, 2D materials, 二次元材料, quantum light source, 量子光源, Angus Gale, UTS, Science Advances, 物理学, physics
The cosmological constant problem is one of physics' deepest puzzles: naive quantum field theory predicts a vacuum energy roughly 10120 times larger than the tiny value astronomers actually measure from cosmic acceleration. Stephon Alexander, Heliudson Bernardo and Aaron Hui at Brown University approached it through the background-independent Wheeler–DeWitt quantization of general relativity, focusing on the Chern–Simons–Kodama (CSK) state — a proposed ground state of quantum gravity that generalizes the Hartle–Hawking and Vilenkin states.
They point out that the CSK state has a striking mathematical resemblance to the topological field theory behind the quantum Hall effect, where electrical conductance is locked to exact quantized values and protected from disorder by the system's topology. Treating gravity's topological θ-sectors by analogy, they find the cosmological constant Λ tied to the θ-parameter, so that Λ becomes quantized and topologically protected against perturbative graviton-loop corrections — much as Hall conductance is robust against impurities. If space-time carries this non-trivial topology, it could explain why Λ stays small and stable rather than ballooning. The authors caution that the idea addresses the gravitational side of the problem and remains an early, hypothetical step.
Journal article / 論文: S. Alexander, H. Bernardo & A. Hui, "Cosmological Constant from Quantum Gravitational θ Vacua and the Gravitational Hall Effect," Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 151501 (2026). DOI: 10.1103/rzz5-p4f4
Coverage / 報道: Brown University | ScienceDaily
Keywords: cosmological constant, 宇宙定数, dark energy, ダークエネルギー, vacuum energy, 真空エネルギー, quantum gravity, 量子重力, quantum Hall effect, 量子ホール効果, Chern–Simons–Kodama state, CSK状態, topological protection, トポロジカル保護, Wheeler–DeWitt, ウィーラー=ドウィット, loop quantum gravity, ループ量子重力, Stephon Alexander, Aaron Hui, Brown University, ブラウン大学, Physical Review Letters, 宇宙論, cosmology, 物理学, physics
Spintronics aims to process information using the electron's spin rather than just its charge, promising faster and far more energy-efficient devices. Graphene is an attractive host because it conducts superbly and barely disturbs spins as they travel — but on its own it is non-magnetic, so getting controllable, switchable spin behavior out of it has been a challenge.
Researchers at the National Graphene Institute in Manchester, with the National University of Singapore, show in Nature Communications that placing graphene next to a magnetic material imprints magnetism on it through the proximity effect, without chemically changing the graphene. By combining this with a graphene superlattice and working at very low charge density, they obtained unusually large spin signals that can be tuned electrically — and even reverse sign near the charge-neutrality and superlattice-induced neutrality points, a signature of spin-dependent band splitting. Because the effect is switched by a gate voltage rather than baked in, it points toward reconfigurable, low-power spintronic components.
Journal article / 論文: "Electrically tunable spin polarization in graphene," Nature Communications (2026)(National Graphene Institute / NUS)
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org(2026年6月18日)
Keywords: graphene, グラフェン, spintronics, スピントロニクス, spin polarization, スピン偏極, magnetic proximity effect, 磁気近接効果, superlattice, 超格子, charge neutrality, 電荷中性点, spin signal, スピン信号, gate voltage, ゲート電圧, National Graphene Institute, 国立グラフェン研究所, Manchester, マンチェスター, National University of Singapore, シンガポール国立大学, Nature Communications, 物理学, physics
Important caveat: this is a speculative, not-yet-mainstream proposal, not an established result — we include it because it drew wide attention in June 2026. The Quantum Memory Matrix (QMM) framework, developed by Florian Neukart, Eike Marx and Valerii Vinokur (Leiden University / Terra Quantum), starts from the black-hole information paradox: relativity says whatever falls into a black hole is lost, while quantum theory forbids information from ever being destroyed.
QMM's response is to treat spacetime itself as discrete, made of tiny Planck-scale "memory cells," each carrying a finite-dimensional Hilbert space. Every interaction that passes through a cell leaves a reversible quantum imprint, so information is stored locally and can in principle be recovered — the authors frame this as a "geometry–information duality." In a series of papers they extend the idea from electromagnetism to the strong and weak forces and argue that residual imprint energy can resemble dark energy, while accumulated imprints can mimic cold dark matter. The framework is mathematically explicit, and its authors propose tests with cosmological surveys and quantum simulators — but it remains far outside the mainstream and unconfirmed, and mainstream physics already has well-developed (and very different) approaches to these same puzzles.
Journal article / 論文: F. Neukart, E. Marx & V. Vinokur, "The Quantum Memory Matrix: A Unified Framework for the Black Hole Information Paradox," Entropy 26(12), 1039 (2024), DOI: 10.3390/e26121039
Coverage / 報道: ScienceDaily(著者による解説, 2026年6月18日)
Keywords: Quantum Memory Matrix, QMM, 量子記憶行列, black hole information paradox, ブラックホール情報パラドックス, spacetime cells, 時空セル, Planck scale, プランクスケール, geometry-information duality, 幾何学情報双対性, dark matter, 暗黒物質, dark energy, 暗黒エネルギー, unitarity, ユニタリ性, speculative hypothesis, 仮説, Neukart, Vinokur, Terra Quantum, Leiden University, Entropy, 物理学, physics
High-precision spectroscopy of simple atoms tests the theory of atomic energy levels and probes nuclear charge radii. Discrepancies between QED theory and measured helium ionization energies have kept the field alert to possible new physics.
K. Steinebach, J. C. J. Koelemeij, H. L. Bethlem and K. S. E. Eikema (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam / LaserLaB) measured an electronic transition in helium-4 to 48 Hz uncertainty (0.25 parts per trillion) — four times better than the previous best — using a Bose–Einstein condensate in a magic-wavelength optical dipole trap. A Doppler shift from condensate motion was suppressed by time-resolved ion detection, and the frequency was calibrated over a White Rabbit link to a remote active hydrogen-maser clock. Combined with an earlier helium-3 measurement and improved theory, this yields the most precise determination to date of the charge-radius difference between the helion (³He nucleus) and the alpha particle (⁴He nucleus). Published in Physical Review Letters.
Keywords: helium spectroscopy, ヘリウム分光, charge radius, 電荷半径, helion, ヘリオン, alpha particle, アルファ粒子, precision measurement, 精密測定, Bose-Einstein condensate, ボース・アインシュタイン凝縮, QED, 量子電磁力学, White Rabbit, Eikema, Vrije Universiteit, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Most quantum effects are seen only in tiny, well-isolated systems. Can a macroscopic object, made of an enormous number of particles, still reveal quantum behavior? A team at TU Wien with the University of Würzburg and Rice University (F. Mazza, S. Biswas, X. Yan and colleagues, incl. Prof. Silke Bühler-Paschen) answered this for a strange metal — a class of materials, including high-temperature superconductors, whose electrical resistivity rises linearly (not quadratically) with temperature. They synthesized a centimeter-sized crystal of the heavy-fermion compound Ce₃Pd₂₀Si₆ (cerium–palladium–silicon).
Probing it with inelastic neutron scattering at the Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL) in Grenoble under millikelvin temperatures and a tuned magnetic field, they analyzed the response using quantum Fisher information (QFI) — a quantity (developed for this purpose by Peter Zoller and colleagues) that can witness entanglement in large many-body systems. The QFI rises in a scale-free way as temperature falls, implying that groups of at least nine quantum-entangled entities act collectively — direct evidence of multipartite entanglement in a visible solid, and the largest entanglement depth yet reported in a quantum material. The result links macroscopic entanglement to strange-metal transport and the "Kondo destruction" scenario, with potential relevance for quantum metrology.
Journal article / 論文: F. Mazza, S. Biswas, X. Yan et al., "Quantum Fisher information in a strange metal," Nat. Phys. (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03298-0
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | ILL(プレスリリース)
Keywords: strange metal, 奇妙な金属, ストレンジメタル, quantum Fisher information, 量子フィッシャー情報, QFI, multipartite entanglement, 多体量子もつれ, entanglement depth, もつれ深度, neutron scattering, 中性子散乱, heavy fermion, 重い電子系, Kondo destruction, 近藤崩壊, quantum criticality, 量子臨界性, Ce3Pd20Si6, TU Wien, Rice University, ILL, Nature Physics, 物理学, physics
An Italian team at INRiM (Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Turin) — A. Alocco, A. Celotto, L. Callegaro, E. Enrico and colleagues — has demonstrated on-demand generation of multimode entangled microwave cluster states using a programmable Josephson Traveling-Wave Parametric Amplifier (JTWPA) operated in the three-wave-mixing regime. Cluster states are the key resource for measurement-based, continuous-variable (CV) quantum computing, which can scale beyond the limitations of qubit-based architectures.
By injecting a tailored, non-equidistant comb of pump tones from an arbitrary waveform generator, the team engineers frequency-specific nonlinear couplings between many microwave frequency modes, effectively sculpting an arbitrary cluster-state graph. The target topology is verified by frequency-resolved heterodyne detection of the quadrature nullifiers. Because the entanglement structure is set purely by the pump spectrum, the platform is reconfigurable on the fly, and the JTWPA's wide bandwidth and spatial homogeneity make it inherently scalable — a promising route toward superconducting CV quantum processors. Preprint arXiv:2507.22823.
Preprint / 論文(プレプリント): A. Alocco et al., "Programmable Microwave Cluster States via Josephson Metamaterials," arXiv:2507.22823
Coverage / 報道: Quantum Zeitgeist
Keywords: cluster state, クラスター状態, continuous-variable quantum computing, 連続変数量子計算, CV量子計算, measurement-based quantum computing, 測定型量子計算, Josephson metamaterial, ジョセフソン・メタマテリアル, JTWPA, traveling-wave parametric amplifier, 進行波パラメトリック増幅器, three-wave mixing, 三波混合, microwave, マイクロ波, superconducting circuit, 超伝導回路, quadrature nullifier, entanglement, 量子もつれ, INRiM, イタリア国立計量研究所, 物理学, physics
Building on their 2025 result that gold can be superheated to ~19,000 K (≈14× its melting point) while staying crystalline, the same international collaboration (Travis D. Griffin, Dirk O. Gericke, Thomas G. White and colleagues; University of Nevada, Reno; University of Warwick; SLAC; European XFEL; and partners) has now directly measured how energy flows between electrons and ions in this extreme state. Using milli-electronvolt-resolution inelastic X-ray scattering at SLAC's LCLS (Matter in Extreme Conditions endstation), they read the ion temperature straight from the Doppler broadening of the scattered X-rays — a model-independent "ion thermometer."
A laser first dumps energy into the electrons of a nanometre-thin gold foil; the X-ray probe then tracks, in time, how fast that energy is transferred to the heavier ions (electron–ion equilibration). The team finds significantly enhanced electron–ion coupling compared with weakly excited gold, placing new constraints on non-equilibrium energy transport in dense plasmas. This matters for modelling planetary cores, stellar interiors, and inertial-fusion targets, where electron and ion temperatures briefly differ. Follow-up to White et al., Nature 643, 950–954 (2025); the equilibration study appears in Nature Communications (2026).
Journal article / 論文(基礎研究・2025): T. G. White et al., "Superheating gold beyond the predicted entropy catastrophe threshold," Nature 643, 950–954 (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09253-y
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org(手法解説) | University of Warwick(プレスリリース)
Keywords: warm dense matter, ウォーム・デンス・マター, 高温高密度物質, electron-ion equilibration, 電子イオン平衡, superheated gold, 超加熱金, entropy catastrophe, エントロピー・カタストロフィ, inelastic X-ray scattering, 非弾性X線散乱, LCLS, SLAC, European XFEL, high energy density physics, 高エネルギー密度物理, inertial confinement fusion, 慣性核融合, dense plasma, 高密度プラズマ, ion temperature, イオン温度, Thomas White, Dirk Gericke, Nature, Nature Communications, 物理学, physics
The Belgian theoretical physicist François Englert died on 18 June 2026 in Uccle, Brussels, at the age of 93, as confirmed by his university (the Université libre de Bruxelles, ULB) and CERN. In 1964, working with his close collaborator Robert Brout, Englert showed that the carriers of fundamental forces — gauge vector bosons — could acquire mass by interacting with a field permeating all of space, via spontaneous symmetry breaking. Peter Higgs reached essentially the same conclusion independently and added that the field must have an associated particle; Gerald Guralnik, Carl Hagen and Tom Kibble published a third paper the same year.
Now called the Brout–Englert–Higgs mechanism, this idea became a cornerstone of the electroweak theory and the Standard Model of particle physics. Its predicted particle, the Higgs boson, was discovered in 2012 by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider, and the following year Englert shared the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physics with Higgs. (Brout had died in 2011 and so could not share the prize; Higgs died in 2024.) A Holocaust survivor who was hidden as a child during the German occupation of Belgium and later ennobled a baron, Englert remained engaged with theoretical physics — especially the problem of reconciling general relativity with quantum theory — throughout his life. CERN announced his passing "with great sadness."
Foundational paper / 原論文(1964): F. Englert & R. Brout, "Broken Symmetry and the Mass of Gauge Vector Mesons," Phys. Rev. Lett. 13, 321 (1964)
Source & obituary / 出典・追悼: CERN | Physics World | Phys.org
Keywords: François Englert, フランソワ・アングレール, Brout–Englert–Higgs mechanism, ヒッグス機構, Robert Brout, ロベール・ブラウト, Peter Higgs, ピーター・ヒッグス, Higgs boson, ヒッグス粒子, Nobel Prize in Physics, ノーベル物理学賞, spontaneous symmetry breaking, 自発的対称性の破れ, Standard Model, 標準模型, electroweak theory, 電弱統一理論, CERN, LHC, ULB, obituary, 訃報, 素粒子物理学, particle physics, 物理学, physics
The Berry curvature dipole (BCD) endows electrons in noncentrosymmetric metals with nonreciprocal responses — such as the nonlinear Hall effect — even when time-reversal symmetry holds. Traditionally it is viewed as a single-particle property tied to a Fermi surface, so it was expected to vanish once a metal becomes superconducting and its Fermi surface is gapped out.
Reporting in Physical Review Letters, theorists reveal a superconducting Berry curvature dipole that instead arises as a collective many-body phenomenon of the entire superconducting state. Strikingly, it is sensitive to the phase of the superconducting order parameter and encodes the broken centrosymmetry of the pairing — so it can even be proximity-induced in a neighboring centrosymmetric metal. It produces dissipationless nonreciprocal electromagnetic responses, including a supercurrent-induced dynamical Hall conductivity and a giant second-order nonlinearity far exceeding that of ordinary noncentrosymmetric metals. This makes such superconductors a platform for unconventional dissipationless responses and a novel diagnostic of the superconducting gap’s fine structure.
Journal article / 論文: “Superconducting Berry Curvature Dipole,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 246902 (2026). DOI: 10.1103/gbcm-l2qd
Coverage / 報道: arXiv:2410.21363 (preprint)
Keywords: superconducting Berry curvature dipole, 超伝導ベリー曲率双極子, Berry curvature, ベリー曲率, noncentrosymmetric superconductor, 非中心対称超伝導体, nonreciprocal response, 非相互応答, nonlinear Hall effect, 非線形ホール効果, dynamical Hall conductivity, second-order nonlinearity, quantum geometry, 量子幾何学, Cooper pair, クーパー対, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
At the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), physicists usually study head-on smashups of atomic nuclei. But in ultraperipheral collisions, two gold ions streak past without touching — and the intense cloud of photons surrounding each fast-moving nucleus acts like an X-ray beam that can interact with the gluons binding the other nucleus together. Mapping those gluons is central to understanding where protons and neutrons get most of their mass and spin.
The STAR collaboration tracked the electron–positron "daughters" from J/ψ → e⁺e⁻ produced in these near-misses and, reporting in Physical Review Letters, found a spin-induced "flipped" quantum-interference pattern confirming that it is the decay products that drive the interference. Because the J/ψ is heavier and longer-lived than the light mesons used before, it yields sharper spatial resolution for imaging the gluon distribution inside gold nuclei. The result validates a key technique — and a key assumption — for the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), the successor machine that will use virtual photons from electrons to image gluons with far greater precision.
Coverage / 報道: Brookhaven National Laboratory(2026年6月17日) / Phys.org
Keywords: ultraperipheral collision, 超周辺衝突, RHIC, STAR, gluon, グルーオン, J/psi, J/ψ, photoproduction, 光生成, quantum interference, 量子干渉, spin interference, スピン干渉, heavy-ion collision, 重イオン衝突, Electron-Ion Collider, EIC, gluon imaging, グルーオン撮像, Brookhaven, ブルックヘブン, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Quantinuum has reported Helios, a 98-qubit trapped-ion quantum processor built on the quantum charge-coupled device (QCCD) architecture, in Nature. Helios encodes qubits in barium-137 (¹³⁷Ba⁺) hyperfine states — a first — and achieves all-to-all connectivity (any qubit can be entangled with any other) by physically shuttling ions through a junction and a rotatable storage ring, separating storage from logic zones.
Averaged across the machine, the team reports infidelities of 2.5×10⁻⁵ for single-qubit gates, 7.9×10⁻⁴ for two-qubit gates, and ~3–5×10⁻⁴ for state preparation and measurement — none fundamentally limited. System-level benchmarks (mirror and binary randomized benchmarking, random circuit sampling) place Helios well beyond what today's supercomputers can simulate, while supporting the mid-circuit measurement and feedforward needed for quantum error correction. The result shows the QCCD approach can scale qubit count and connectivity together. Nature (2026); preprint arXiv:2511.05465.
Journal article / 論文: Quantinuum, "A 98-qubit trapped-ion quantum computer with all-to-all connectivity," Nature (2026)
Coverage / 報道: Nature News & Views「Reconfigurable quantum computer juggles 98 qubits」 | arXiv:2511.05465
Keywords: trapped ion, トラップイオン, quantum computer, 量子コンピュータ, Quantinuum, Helios, QCCD, all-to-all connectivity, 全結合, barium-137, バリウム137, ion shuttling, イオン輸送, quantum error correction, 量子誤り訂正, gate fidelity, ゲート忠実度, random circuit sampling, ランダム回路サンプリング, quantum advantage, 量子超越, Nature, 物理学, physics
Writing in Nature Physics, researchers show that a periodic array of polar vortices — swirling topological textures of electric polarization in a ferroelectric — can act as a diffraction grating for strain. When the structure is driven piezoelectrically (by an applied electric field), the vortex lattice launches and shapes coherent strain waves at the nanometre scale.
This gives a route to generate and steer acoustic/strain waves in materials at length scales far below conventional transducers, using the material's own topological order as the active element. Controlling waves at the nanoscale could feed into phonon engineering, nanoscale acoustics, and information transport in future low-power devices. "Nanoscale strain wave generation by a piezoelectric grating from polar vortices," Nature Physics (2026).
Journal article / 論文: "Nanoscale strain wave generation by a piezoelectric grating from polar vortices," Nature Physics (2026)
Keywords: polar vortex, 極性渦, ポーラーボルテックス, ferroelectric, 強誘電体, topological texture, トポロジカル構造, strain wave, ひずみ波, diffraction grating, 回折格子, piezoelectric, 圧電, phonon, フォノン, nanoscale, ナノスケール, acoustics, ナノ音響, condensed matter physics, 物性物理, Nature Physics, 物理学, physics
Beyond superconductors and quantum-Hall systems, theory has long predicted a third route to dissipationless, ordered electron motion: chiral loop-current order, in which electrons spontaneously circulate in microscopic loops on the crystal lattice. Its mathematical fingerprint is an imaginary charge density wave (iCDW) — a charge order in which what becomes ordered is the flow of electrons rather than their density. Whether it truly exists in the kagome metals AV₃Sb₅ (A = K, Rb, Cs) has been hotly contested, partly because the currents and magnetic fields involved are extremely small.
A team including researchers at the University of Tokyo and Kyoto University used nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) — the most direct microscopic probes of internal magnetic fields — on CsV₃Sb₅. At the out-of-plane ¹²¹Sb site, which is sensitive to in-plane currents, they observed anomalous spectral broadening setting in around T* ≈ 120 K, coinciding with a nematic transition well above the conventional charge-density-wave transition. This is interpreted as microscopic evidence for a pure iCDW (loop-current) phase and spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking — a new form of magnetism generated not by spin but by orbital currents. Published in Nature Physics.
Journal article / 論文: S. Suetsugu, F. Hori, Y. Matsuda et al., “Microscopic evidence for imaginary charge density wave in a kagome metal,” Nature Physics (2026)(プレプリント: arXiv:2605.05101)
Coverage / 報道: University of Tokyo Press Release (2026-06-17)
Keywords: imaginary charge density wave, 虚数電荷密度波, iCDW, loop current, ループ電流, kagome metal, カゴメ金属, CsV3Sb5, time-reversal symmetry breaking, 時間反転対称の破れ, NQR, NMR, 核四極共鳴, orbital magnetism, 軘道磁性, charge density wave, 電荷密度波, Suetsugu, Matsuda, University of Tokyo, 東京大学, Kyoto University, 京都大学, Nature Physics, 物理学, physics
High-energy neutrinos are nearly massless, electrically neutral “ghost particles” that hardly interact with matter, so pinning down where they come from is extremely hard. In 2021 the IceCube Neutrino Observatory in Antarctica recorded a high-energy event, IC 210922A, but its source remained unidentified — most secure neutrino counterparts so far have been linked to supermassive black holes (blazars), not ordinary galaxies.
A team led by Yuji Urata identified, inside the event's sky region, a dusty submillimetre galaxy nicknamed the Shadow Blaster (JCMT0402−0424). Follow-up imaging with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) showed it sits behind a gravitational lens that splits it into four magnified images, letting astronomers resolve a compact, gas-rich core of intense star formation at redshift z = 2.988 (about 11 billion years ago, at “cosmic noon”). With no bright γ-ray or X-ray counterpart and a low chance-coincidence probability, the galaxy is the most plausible candidate source — the strongest observational hint yet that dusty star-forming galaxies act as cosmic particle accelerators producing high-energy neutrinos. The study appears in Nature Astronomy.
Journal article / 論文: Y. Urata et al., “Compact dusty starbursts at cosmic noon linked to high-energy neutrinos,” Nature Astronomy (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41550-026-02884-9
Coverage / 報道: NSF NOIRLab(2026年6月) | ALMA Observatory
Keywords: high-energy neutrino, 高エネルギーニュートリノ, IceCube, IC 210922A, Shadow Blaster, シャドウ・ブラスター, JCMT0402-0424, gravitational lensing, 重力レンズ, dusty star-forming galaxy, 塵に覆われた星形成銀河, starburst, スターバースト, cosmic noon, 宇宙の正午, ALMA, multi-messenger astronomy, マルチメッセンジャー天文学, redshift 2.988, Yuji Urata, 浦田裕次, Nature Astronomy, 天体物理学, physics
Europe’s first and only transition-edge-sensor (TES) spectrometer at a synchrotron light source has gone into operation at BESSY II in Berlin. Developed by Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) together with the MPI for Chemical Energy Conversion (Mülheim an der Ruhr) and NIST (Boulder, USA), the instrument detects the photons emitted by a sample with an efficiency 100 to 1,000 times higher than conventional wavelength-dispersive X-ray emission spectrometers — opening photon-hungry techniques such as X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) to atomically thin layers, nanostructures and highly diluted samples. Measurements that used to take hours can now be completed in minutes.
The detector array holds 248 superconducting sensors cooled to 25 millikelvin by a He-3/He-4 dilution refrigerator similar to those used for quantum computers. An incoming photon briefly destroys the superconductivity of a sensor, and the resulting resistance jump is read out via an array of SQUIDs. Installed at the UE52-SGM beamline with full polarisation control and a sample chamber spanning 10 K to room temperature, the spectrometer complements band-structure methods such as ARPES; upgrades toward measurements in magnetic fields (XMCD, RIXS-MCD) are planned. Only five TES spectrometers existed at X-ray sources worldwide before — four in the U.S. and one in Japan. Published (open access) in Review of Scientific Instruments.
Source / 出典: Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin via EurekAlert! (2026-06-17) | Phys.org (2026-06)
Keywords: transition edge sensor, 超伝導転移端センサー, TES, BESSY II, synchrotron, 放射光, X-ray emission spectroscopy, X線発光分光, RIXS, 共鳴非弾性X線散乱, SQUID, dilution refrigerator, 希釈冷凍機, superconducting detector, 超伝導検出器, HZB, NIST, MPI-CEC, atomically thin layers, 原子層薄膜, low-dimensional systems, 低次元系, Review of Scientific Instruments, 物理学, physics
An international team (TU Wien, lead author L. Toscani De Col; Germany's PTB; Austria's BEV; Leibniz University Hannover; and the Czech Academy of Sciences) reports a working thorium-229 optical nuclear clock with a feedback loop. Unlike conventional atomic clocks, which use electron-shell transitions, this clock stabilizes a continuous-wave laser to the ultra-narrow 148 nm transition inside the ²²⁹Th nucleus, with the thorium embedded in a millimetre-sized calcium-fluoride crystal at room temperature.
A subharmonic of the 148 nm light is continuously compared against a single-ion ytterbium (Yb⁺) clock; the nuclear clock shows shot-noise-limited stability scaling as 3×10⁻¹² (τ/s)⁻¹ᐟ², approaching 10⁻¹⁵ over a day. Because the nucleus couples strongly to the strong and weak forces, the clock is exquisitely sensitive to drifts in fundamental constants. The team already uses it to constrain ultralight dark matter by searching for periodic shifts and slow drifts in the nuclear transition energy — competitive with the best atomic clocks for photon coupling and going beyond previous limits for coupling to the strong force and quarks. Preprint arXiv:2606.04997.
Preprint / 論文(プレプリント): "A thorium-229 optical nuclear clock with feedback loop," arXiv:2606.04997 (2026)
Coverage / 報道: Physics World(背景解説)
Keywords: nuclear clock, 原子核時計, thorium-229, トリウム229, optical clock, 光時計, fundamental constants, 基本定数, fine-structure constant, 微細構造定数, ultralight dark matter, 超軽量ダークマター, beyond standard model, 標準模型を超える物理, TU Wien, PTB, atomic clock, 原子時計, precision measurement, 精密測定, 物理学, physics
First seen in 2003, the Dₛ(2317) meson (one charm quark, one strange antiquark) has puzzled physicists because its measured mass (2.317 GeV/c²) sits far below quark-model predictions (above 2.4 GeV/c²). To explain this, theorists proposed competing pictures of its internal structure — a simple quark–antiquark state, a four-quark "tetraquark," or a loosely bound molecule — each predicting a different value for the ratio of its photon-emitting (radiative) decay to its pion-emitting decay.
Using data from Japan's KEKB and SuperKEKB electron–positron colliders, the Belle and Belle II Collaboration has now observed the particle's previously unseen gamma-emitting decay at a significance above 10 standard deviations, measuring the photon-to-pion ratio at about 7% — smaller than most quark–antiquark models predict but larger than most molecular models. Pinning down this number sharpens the case for the meson's true makeup and probes the strong force that binds matter. Accepted in Phys. Rev. Lett. (2026; DOI: 10.1103/vcld-225s); preprint arXiv:2510.27174; highlighted in APS Physics. The measured ratio is [7.14 ± 0.70(stat.) ± 0.26(syst.)]%.
Journal article / 論文: M. Abumusabh et al. (Belle & Belle II Collaboration), “Observation of the radiative decay D*ₛ₀(2317)⁺ → D*ₛ⁺ γ,” Phys. Rev. Lett. (accepted 2026), DOI: 10.1103/vcld-225s | arXiv:2510.27174
Coverage / 報道: APS Physics「Strange-Particle Decay Comes to Light」
Keywords: exotic meson, エキゾチック中間子, Ds(2317), charm quark, チャームクォーク, tetraquark, テトラクォーク, molecular state, 分子状態, radiative decay, 輻射崩壊, 光子放出崩壊, Belle II, KEKB, SuperKEKB, quantum chromodynamics, 量子色力学, QCD, strong force, 強い力, particle physics, 素粒子物理学, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Many extensions of the Standard Model predict feebly interacting particles (FIPs) — hypothetical particles that interact extremely rarely with ordinary matter, some of which could be dark-matter candidates or messengers to a hidden "dark sector." Because the decays of B mesons (heavy particles containing a bottom quark) are sensitive to such new states, Dr. Daniel Marcantonio (University of Melbourne) and the Belle & Belle II collaborations searched 711 fb⁻¹ of electron–positron collision data from the Belle experiment at KEK in Japan for an invisible particle Xinv produced together with a known hadron.
The analysis covered decays B⁰ → D̄⁰ Xinv and B± → h Xinv with h = π, K, Ds, p across five channels (three never searched before). No significant signal was observed, so the team set 90% confidence-level upper limits on the branching fractions, ranging from about 10⁻⁴ to 10⁻⁶ — the most stringent constraints to date for all of these channels, excluding previously unexplored parameter space for axion-like particles and dark scalars. The proton channel (B → p Xinv) also constrains "B-mesogenesis," a scenario in which early-universe B-meson decays could explain both dark matter and the matter–antimatter asymmetry.
Journal article / 論文: Belle & Belle II Collaborations (M. Abumusabh et al.), "Search for Feebly Interacting Particles in B Decays with Missing Energy at Belle," Phys. Rev. Lett. (2026). DOI: 10.1103/1rl4-j3np
Preprint & Coverage / プレプリント・報道: arXiv:2601.07104 | Phys.org
Keywords: feebly interacting particles, 弱結合粒子, FIP, dark sector, 暗黒セクター, dark matter, 暗黒物質, B meson, B中間子, rare decay, まれな崩壊, missing energy, ミッシングエネルギー, axion-like particle, アクシオン的粒子, dark scalar, ダークスカラー, B-mesogenesis, Bメソジェネシス, Belle, Belle II, KEK, SuperKEKB, beyond the Standard Model, 標準模型を超える物理, Marcantonio, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Galaxy-formation models have a long-standing problem: the most massive galaxies contain fewer stars than predicted. A leading fix is feedback from the central supermassive black hole — powerful winds launched from its accretion disk that blow gas out of the galaxy and starve star formation. But how and when those winds switch on has been hard to pin down, because they are highly variable and earlier X-ray instruments could not cleanly resolve their fine structure.
Using the JAXA-led X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM) (with NASA and ESA), whose energy resolution is roughly ten times that of its predecessor, University of Michigan doctoral student Xin “Cindy” Xiang and Professor Jon Miller studied the bright, nearby Seyfert galaxy NGC 4151 (a little over 50 million light-years away). Earlier work by the pair had shown the disk winds reach galaxy-clearing speeds and are launched by magnetocentrifugal driving (akin to what triggers solar flares). In the new analysis presented at the meeting, Xiang examined hundreds of days of observations, looking for X-ray flares and how the signal evolved in the following hours. She combined the X-ray brightness with its hardness/softness into a metric she called the color intensity index — shortened by Miller to “cindicity” — to flag when fast outflows are active. For NGC 4151 the fastest winds were strongest when the X-rays were hard but faint, and appeared not during a flare but typically about 10,000 seconds (just under three hours) afterward — the first direct timing link to the outflows, and a potential tool for spotting AGN “quenching” elsewhere. Presented at the 248th meeting of the American Astronomical Society in Pasadena.
Keywords: XRISM, X線撮像分光ミッション, black hole wind, ブラックホールの風, AGN feedback, 活動銀河核フィードバック, ultra-fast outflow, 超高速アウトフロー, NGC 4151, Seyfert galaxy, セイファート銀河, cindicity, color intensity index, star formation quenching, 星形成の停止, accretion disk, 降着円盤, supermassive black hole, 超大質量ブラックホール, X-ray spectroscopy, X線分光, JAXA, NASA, ESA, AAS 248, Xin Xiang, Jon Miller, University of Michigan, ミシガン大学, astrophysics, 天体物理学, 物理学, physics
The strong coupling constant, αₛ, sets the strength of the interaction between quarks and gluons — the force that binds protons, neutrons and ultimately all nuclear matter. Of the Standard Model's fundamental parameters it has long been the least precisely known, and its uncertainty feeds directly into predictions for Higgs-boson production, the top-quark mass and hadronic decay widths. Prof. Stefan Sint of Trinity College Dublin, with collaborators in Germany, Spain and Italy (the ALPHA Collaboration), has now published the most precise determination of αₛ to date.
Using non-perturbative lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) — tracing the running coupling across energy scales with a gradient-flow/step-scaling strategy — the new result halves the error of all previous experimental measurements combined, setting a new benchmark for the Standard Model. Sharper knowledge of αₛ improves our understanding of how quarks and gluons behave inside protons, enables higher-precision measurements of the Higgs boson, and, by tightening theoretical predictions, increases the chance of spotting subtle signs of physics beyond the Standard Model at CERN's LHC.
Journal article & Preprint / 論文・プレプリント: ALPHA Collaboration (M. Dalla Brida, R. Höllwieser, F. Knechtli, T. Korzec, A. Ramos, S. Sint et al.), "The strength of the interaction between quarks and gluons," Nature (2026); arXiv:2501.06633
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org
Keywords: strong coupling constant, 強結合定数, alpha_s, αs, strong force, 強い力, quarks and gluons, クォークとグルーオン, quantum chromodynamics, 量子色力学, QCD, lattice QCD, 格子QCD, gradient flow, 勾配流, Standard Model, 標準模型, Higgs boson, ヒッグス粒子, proton structure, 陽子構造, ALPHA Collaboration, Stefan Sint, Trinity College Dublin, Nature, LHC, 物理学, physics
Daniel Jampolski and Prof. Luciano Rezzolla at Goethe University Frankfurt have presented what they describe as the first dynamical solution to Einstein's field equations of general relativity in which a collapsing star ends not as a black hole but as a gravastar (gravitational vacuum condensate star) — a hypothetical ultra-compact object, almost as dense as a black hole, but with no central singularity and no event horizon. Building on the textbook Oppenheimer–Snyder collapse model, their solution shows a tiny expanding de Sitter region — a "mini-universe" filled with dark-energy-like vacuum energy — nucleating at the center of the infalling matter and pushing back against gravity, halting the collapse and settling the system into a stable gravastar.
The result answers a roughly 25-year-old open question: gravastars had been proposed as singularity-free black-hole mimics, but no one could explain how one would actually form from ordinary matter. The authors are careful to note this is not skepticism toward black holes, which remain "the most natural and simplest" outcome of gravitational collapse; rather, it is an exploration of exotic alternatives. Because the behaviour of matter at such extreme densities is poorly understood, the scenario leaves room for new physics. This is a theoretical proposal, not an observation. Published in Physical Review D 113(12) (2026), DOI: 10.1103/c6lw-nx7k.
Journal article / 論文: Daniel Jampolski & Luciano Rezzolla, "Formation of gravastars," Phys. Rev. D 113(12) (2026). DOI: 10.1103/c6lw-nx7k
Coverage / 報道: Goethe University Frankfurt (press release) | Phys.org (2026-06-11) | ScienceDaily (2026-06-14)
Keywords: gravastar, グラバスター, mini universe, 小さな宇宙, de Sitter region, ド・ジッター, black hole alternative, ブラックホールの代替, singularity, 特異点, event horizon, 事象の地平面, gravitational collapse, 重力崩壊, dark energy, ダークエネルギー, Oppenheimer-Snyder, Rezzolla, Goethe University, general relativity, 一般相対性理論, Physical Review D, astrophysics, 天体物理学, ブラックホール, black hole, 物理学, physics
In late 2025, a high-profile study argued that the evidence for dark energy was weakening — that the apparent accelerating expansion of the Universe might be an artifact of how Type Ia supernovae (the "standard candles" used to measure cosmic distances) are calibrated, claiming their peak brightness drifts as the Universe ages. A new investigation led by Dr. Phil Wiseman (University of Southampton), with co-authors including Nobel laureates Adam Riess and Brian Schmidt, reexamined the same data and found the 2025 analysis was flawed.
Specifically, the earlier work incorrectly equated the age of a host galaxy with the age of the white-dwarf progenitor star, and did not properly apply the standard host-galaxy-mass correction routinely used in modern cosmology. Once host environments and stellar populations are accounted for, the evidence for cosmic acceleration remains "remarkably consistent," and the standard ΛCDM picture — and the original Nobel-winning 1998 discovery — stands. The question of what dark energy is remains open; the question of whether it exists is, for now, settled in its favour. Published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (2026).
Keywords: dark energy, ダークエネルギー, cosmic acceleration, 宇宙の加速膨張, accelerating universe, Type Ia supernova, Ia型超新星, standard candle, 標準光源, ΛCDM, timescape, タイムスケープ, Adam Riess, Brian Schmidt, Phil Wiseman, University of Southampton, MNRAS, Hubble tension, ハッブルテンション, cosmology, 宇宙論, 物理学, physics
Magnons (quantized spin waves) can carry information in magnetic materials without moving electric charge, making them attractive for ultra-low-power “magnonic” devices. In some magnets the magnon bands are topological, giving robust edge channels analogous to those of a topological insulator. But a long-standing worry was whether such topological magnons survive at practical temperatures: as a material warms, magnons become numerous and collide and interfere with one another in a complicated many-body way, and simple theories could not say how much this thermal noise would degrade the topological protection.
Then-graduate student Rintaro Eto and Professor Masahito Mochizuki of Waseda University, with collaborators at the University of Münster and the Technical University of Munich, built a new theoretical framework that accurately treats these mutual magnon–magnon collisions and interference. Applying it to the van der Waals honeycomb ferromagnets chromium tribromide (CrBr₃) and chromium triiodide (CrI₃), they showed quantitatively that the topological magnons in these materials are far more robust against heat than previously expected, remaining stable up to relatively high temperatures. The result offers a design guideline for hunting new quantum materials for future energy-efficient information technology. Published in the American Physical Society flagship journal Physical Review X (online 10 June 2026, local time).
Press release / プレスリリース: 早稲田大学 (2026-06-11)「トポロジカルマグノンの熱に対する耐性を初めて理論的に実証」 | 共同通信 PRワイヤー
Keywords: topological magnon, トポロジカルマグノン, magnon, マグノン, spin wave, スピン波, magnonics, マグノニクス, honeycomb lattice, 蜂の巣格子, CrBr3, CrI3, chromium, van der Waals ferromagnet, ファンデルワールス強磁性体, many-body interaction, 多体相互作用, thermal robustness, 熱耐性, low-power electronics, 省電力エレクトロニクス, Waseda University, 早稲田大学, Masahito Mochizuki, 望月維人, Physical Review X, 物理学, physics
A team led by David C. Moore at Yale University (Wright Laboratory) has pushed levitated optomechanics into a regime where the motion of an optically trapped silica nanosphere is measured so precisely that the dominant noise is quantum measurement backaction — the fundamental limit set by the very photons used to watch the particle (the standard quantum limit). The trapped object is a nanogram-scale mass, roughly six orders of magnitude heavier than the atoms or ions used in earlier quantum-limited measurements.
Operating there, the team detected impulsive momentum "kicks" on the nanosphere and exploited the sensor's directional sensitivity to search for recoils that could be produced by passing dark-matter particles scattering off the sphere's nucleons. The search set new limits on dark matter that couples to neutrons across a broad mass range and — for certain dark-matter models — can rival or exceed large underground detectors in just days of running. Beyond dark matter, the technique points toward ultra-sensitive force and inertial sensors and future searches for light dark matter and neutrino mass. Published in PRX Quantum 6, 040367 (2025), DOI: 10.1103/j76m-gcp1 (arXiv:2508.00815).
Journal article / 論文: Y.-H. Tseng, T. W. Penny, B. Siegel, J. Wang & D. C. Moore, "Search for Dark Matter Scattering from Optically Levitated Nanoparticles," PRX Quantum 6, 040367 (2025). DOI: 10.1103/j76m-gcp1 | arXiv:2508.00815
Keywords: levitated nanoparticle, 浮遊ナノ粒子, levitated optomechanics, 浮遊オプトメカニクス, standard quantum limit, 標準量子限界, measurement backaction, 測定バックアクション, dark matter, 暗黒物質, ダークマター, quantum sensor, 量子センサー, force sensing, 力センサー, impulse detection, optical tweezer, 光ピンセット, Yale University, David Moore, PRX Quantum, quantum measurement, 量子計測, 物理学, physics
Newton’s third law — every action has an equal and opposite reaction — underlies the way physicists define energy and run simulations. But in a vast class of active and driven systems, from sedimenting particles to bird flocks, interactions are non-reciprocal: a bird at the front of a flock influences those behind it far more than the reverse. Such one-sided couplings do not derive from a potential, so a conventional energy function — and the powerful tools built on it — cannot be defined.
Yu-Bo Shi, Roderich Moessner, Ricard Alert and Marin Bukov (Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, with Nankai University) overcome this by constructing a Hamiltonian with auxiliary degrees of freedom — a fictitious “mirror partner” for each component — that, under a constraint, reproduces the original non-reciprocal dynamics. Monte Carlo simulations based on this constrained Hamiltonian recover both the steady and non-stationary states of the original (Langevin) dynamics, demonstrated for dissipative XY spins with vision-cone interactions. The symplectic structure even allows established Hamiltonian-engineering ideas — e.g. tuning a periodic (Floquet) drive to switch the effective lattice geometry. The work hands active-matter and non-equilibrium physics a long-missing analytical and numerical toolbox. Published in Nature Physics.
Journal article / 論文: Y.-B. Shi, R. Moessner, R. Alert & M. Bukov, “Hamiltonian description of non-reciprocal interactions,” Nature Physics (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03317-0
Coverage / 報道: arXiv:2505.05246 (preprint)
Keywords: non-reciprocal interactions, 非相互作用, Newton's third law, ニュートンの第3法則, active matter, アクティブマター, bird flocks, 鳥の群れ, Hamiltonian, ハミルトニアン, non-equilibrium physics, 非平衡物理, Vicsek model, vision cone, Floquet, フロケ, statistical physics, 統計物理, Moessner, Bukov, Max Planck, Nature Physics, 物理学, physics
Altermagnets are a recently recognized third class of magnet — their atomic spins cancel out (like an antiferromagnet, giving no net magnetization or stray field) yet their electronic bands are spin-split (like a ferromagnet). They are predicted to host chiral magnons: handed spin waves that carry spin angular momentum without the Joule heating that limits conventional electronics, making them attractive for energy-efficient “magnonic” devices.
A team reporting in Physical Review Letters directly observed chiral magnons in the altermagnetic prototype MnTe using polarized inelastic neutron scattering, providing the first unambiguous evidence of the chirality of the split magnon bands. Crucially, they showed the magnon chirality can be reversibly switched by an applied magnetic field. Because altermagnets carry no stray field and their chiral magnons can reach terahertz frequencies, the result establishes a robust, stray-field-free foundation for functional altermagnetic magnonics and ultrafast spintronics.
Journal article / 論文: “Observation of Switchable Chiral Magnons in an Altermagnet,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 236705 (2026). DOI: 10.1103/m8lc-f8gk
Coverage / 報道: arXiv:2605.14124 (preprint)
Keywords: altermagnet, オルター磁性体, chiral magnon, カイラルマグノン, MnTe, magnon, マグノン, spin wave, スピン波, magnonics, マグノニクス, spintronics, スピントロニクス, polarized neutron scattering, 偏光中性子散乱, time-reversal symmetry, terahertz, テラヘルツ, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Galaxies grow by turning gas into stars, and the direct fuel is cold molecular gas. In the very early Universe this fuel has been almost impossible to detect: the usual tracer is carbon monoxide (CO), but at high redshift the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is warmer and brighter, washing out the faint low-energy CO lines against an increasingly bright sky.
A team led by Karin Cescon (Leiden University), with advisor Jacqueline Hodge and collaborators, used deep NSF VLA (Very Large Array) Q-band and ALMA Band 3 observations to directly detect CO(3–2) and CO(7–6) emission in REBELS-25, a massive star-forming galaxy at redshift z = 7.31 — seen as it was only about 700 million years after the Big Bang, in the Epoch of Reionization. After correcting for the CMB, the CO(3–2) line — the highest-redshift detection of a low-J CO transition to date — implies a very large molecular gas mass of order 10¹¹ solar masses. The result confirms that big, gas-rich galaxies had already assembled enormous star-forming reservoirs within the first billion years of cosmic history, and it previews the kind of survey the future ngVLA will carry out. Published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.
Journal article / 論文: K. Cescon et al., “Direct detection of cool molecular gas in a star-forming galaxy at z=7.31,” MNRAS 549, 3 (2026), DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stag924 | ALMA Observatory (2026-06)
Keywords: REBELS-25, cosmic dawn, 宇宙の夜明け, Epoch of Reionization, 再電離期, molecular gas, 分子ガス, carbon monoxide, 一酸化炭素, CO emission, CO輝線, high redshift, 高赤方偏移, z=7.31, cosmic microwave background, 宇宙マイクロ波背景放射, VLA, ALMA, star formation, 星形成, early galaxies, 初期銀河, gas reservoir, ガス貯蔵庫, Karin Cescon, Leiden University, ライデン大学, MNRAS, astrophysics, 天体物理学, 物理学, physics
Testing cosmological models beyond ΛCDM — massive neutrinos, modified gravity, primordial non-Gaussianity — requires running huge numbers of computationally expensive simulations of virtual universes. Veena Krishnaraj, Adrian Bayer, Christian Kragh Jespersen and Peter Melchior (Princeton University / Flatiron Institute) tested whether transfer learning — pretraining a neural network on cheap, familiar ΛCDM simulations and then fine-tuning on harder beyond-ΛCDM scenarios — can reduce that cost. In favourable cases it cut the number of expensive simulations needed by more than a factor of ten.
But the team also documented a subtler failure mode they call "negative transfer": when a beyond-ΛCDM parameter is physically degenerate with a standard-model parameter, the network bakes in the ΛCDM associations as biases that actively hinder detecting the new physics — for example, misreading neutrino-mass signatures. The lesson generalizes to any foundation-model approach to "searching beyond a standard model," including particle physics at the LHC: pretraining accelerates inference but can blind you to the unexpected. As surveys like Euclid and the Rubin Observatory (LSST) arrive, the authors recommend auditing for degeneracies and using bottleneck / dummy-node architectures. Published in JCAP 06(2026)026, DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2026/06/026.
Journal article / 論文: Veena Krishnaraj et al., "Transfer learning beyond the standard model," JCAP 06(2026)026. DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2026/06/026 (arXiv:2510.19168)
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org (2026-06)「To discover new physics, AI may need to 'unlearn' the old one」 | ScienceDaily (2026-06-11)
Keywords: transfer learning, 転移学習, machine learning, 機械学習, AI cosmology, AI宇宙論, cosmological simulation, 宇宙論シミュレーション, ΛCDM, beyond standard model, 標準模型を超える物理, negative transfer, 負の転移, simulation-based inference, massive neutrinos, modified gravity, 修正重力, Euclid, Rubin Observatory, LSST, foundation model, 基盤モデル, JCAP, Flatiron Institute, Princeton, cosmology, 宇宙論, 物理学, physics
CERN's flagship accelerator has begun what its operators call the "final laps" of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) before a major overhaul. Stable beams for the 2026 physics run were declared on 7 March 2026, opening the last data-taking campaign of the current machine. The short but intense run packs in low-pile-up running for precision measurements (such as the W-boson mass), high-pile-up running to extend the dataset for rare processes, special low-energy and high-intensity beam tests, and about three weeks of lead-ion collisions recreating the quark–gluon plasma of the early Universe.
Collisions continue until the end of June; on 29 June 2026, Long Shutdown 3 (LS3) begins — roughly four years of work to replace part of the 27-km, 9000-superconducting-magnet machine with new equipment for the High-Luminosity LHC (HiLumi LHC). HiLumi will eventually circulate over 2700 bunches per beam and boost integrated luminosity by about a factor of ten (toward 3000 fb⁻¹), sharpening studies of the Higgs boson and searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. HiLumi physics running is planned to start in 2030.
Source / 出典: CERN「Final laps at the LHC」(2026-03-07) | CERN Accelerator Report「The 2026 run will be short but intense」
Keywords: LHC, Large Hadron Collider, 大型ハドロン衝突型加速器, HiLumi LHC, High-Luminosity LHC, 高輝度LHC, Long Shutdown 3, LS3, luminosity, ルミノシティ, Higgs boson, ヒッグス粒子, quark-gluon plasma, クォークグルーオンプラズマ, lead-ion collisions, 鉛イオン衝突, W boson, Wボソン, CERN, particle physics, 素粒子物理学, accelerator, 加速器, 物理学, physics
The ultra-hot gas giant WASP-121 b is tidally locked: one hemisphere permanently faces its star and is heated to roughly 2,500 °C, while the night side is some 1,775 °C cooler. The boundary zones between day and night — the terminators, corresponding to eternal dawn and dusk — had long been predicted by atmospheric models to differ from each other, but clear observational proof was missing.
Using the James Webb Space Telescope, a team led by Cyril Gapp (Max Planck Institute for Astronomy) analysed infrared starlight filtering through the planet’s atmosphere during transits, exploiting the planet’s rotation during the transit (“rotational transits”) to separate the morning and evening limbs. The absorption pattern is distinctly asymmetric: fierce winds carry heat from the permanent dayside, making the evening terminator hotter and more inflated than the morning one. The data also show signs that water molecules are being thermally torn apart in the hottest regions, and hint at mineral clouds shaping the cooler morning side. The result is the clearest evidence yet that the two twilights of a tidally locked world have different temperatures and chemistry. Published in Nature Astronomy.
Source / 出典: Max Planck Institute for Astronomy via ScienceDaily (2026-06-11)
Keywords: WASP-121b, exoplanet, 系外惑星, hot Jupiter, ホットジュピター, terminator, 明暗境界, atmospheric asymmetry, 大気非対称性, JWST, ジェイムズ・ウェッブ宇宙望遠鏡, transit spectroscopy, トランジット分光, tidal locking, 潮汐固定, water dissociation, 水の熱解離, mineral clouds, 鉱物雲, atmospheric circulation, 大気循環, MPIA, Nature Astronomy, 天体物理学, 物理学, physics
Friction slows moving objects at every scale, but at the electronic level a subtle form — quantum friction — describes the direct transfer of momentum between a liquid and the electrons of a solid. Because it is microscopic, it has been very hard to observe directly.
An interdisciplinary team at Ruhr University Bochum led by Sebastian Kruss, Marialore Sulpizi (theory and simulations) and Martina Havenith (THz spectroscopy) showed that near-infrared fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) exhibit light-induced quantum friction in water. Under green-light excitation, the diffusion constant of functionalized SWCNTs drops linearly by about 50% with excitation power — the opposite of the expected heating or light-driven motion. The effect vanishes when excitons are localized (SWCNTs with quantum defects), and chemically raising or lowering the exciton concentration tunes the diffusion by up to a factor of two. Optical-pump / terahertz-probe spectroscopy reveals an almost instantaneous response (around 30 cm−1), pointing to direct exciton–water coupling. Published open access in Nature.
Journal article / 論文: T. Kistwal, K. Kanhaiya, … S. Kruss et al., “Light-induced quantum friction of carbon nanotubes in water,” Nature 654, 941–947 (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10632-2
Keywords: quantum friction, 量子摩擦, carbon nanotubes, カーボンナノチューブ, SWCNT, exciton, 励起子, nanofluidics, ナノ流体, diffusion, 拡散, light-induced, 光誘起, Ruhr University Bochum, ルール大学ボーフム, Sebastian Kruss, Kavokine, Nature, 物理学, physics
Macroscopic quantum coherence emerges when bosons condense into a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC). Excitons — bound electron–hole pairs — are a long-sought solid-state route to strongly interacting, electrically tunable, potentially multicomponent BECs, but firm evidence for equilibrium condensation had remained elusive.
Ruishi Qi, Qize Li and Feng Wang and colleagues report evidence for two-component exciton BECs in MoSe2/hBN/WSe2 electron–hole bilayers by probing the spin–valley susceptibility of the constituent electrons and holes. The heterostructure hosts equilibrium exciton fluids with four spin–valley flavours; magneto-optical spectroscopy in a dilution refrigerator reveals three condensate phases with distinct flavour polarizations and quantum phase transitions under magnetic field. At zero field the many-body ground state is a coherent superposition of two condensed intravalley exciton flavours, and the condensate remains stable up to about 1.8 K. Published in Nature.
Journal article / 論文: R. Qi, Q. Li, F. Wang et al., “Two-component exciton condensates in an electron–hole bilayer,” Nature (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10636-y
Keywords: exciton condensate, 励起子凝縮, Bose-Einstein condensate, ボース・アインシュタイン凝縮, electron-hole bilayer, 電子正孔二層, MoSe2, WSe2, spin-valley, スピンバレー, 2D materials, 二次元材料, quantum phase transition, 量子相転移, Feng Wang, Nature, 物理学, physics
Running quantum algorithms for hard problems in physics and chemistry demands far lower error rates than today’s physical qubits provide, which requires quantum error correction (QEC) operating below a critical threshold.
A Microsoft–Quantinuum team (A. Paetznick, B. W. Reichardt, M. P. da Silva, K. M. Svore et al.) demonstrated on a trapped-ion QCCD processor improvements in logical error rates ranging from 11× to 800× over physical-circuit baselines. The results use two codes optimized for the ion trap — a 12-qubit code encoding two logical qubits (inspired by Knill) and a 16-qubit tesseract colour code encoding four — combined with a scalable method of error detection and post-selection. In a Bell-state preparation the logical error rate fell from roughly 0.8% to 0.001% (the headline 800×); repeated error correction ran at a per-round rate 51× lower than baseline, and a 12-qubit cat state improved 22×. Published in Nature (654, 349–355).
Keywords: quantum error correction, 量子誤り訂正, logical qubit, 論理量子ビット, trapped ion, トラップイオン, QCCD, tesseract color code, テッセラクト符号, fault tolerance, 誤り耐性, Microsoft, Quantinuum, Reichardt, Svore, Nature, 物理学, physics
Molecules are far harder to laser-cool and trap than atoms because of their many vibrational and rotational states. Metal hydrides are attractive because near-threshold dissociation of an ultracold molecule could yield even colder hydrogen atoms — but first the molecules must be trapped.
Jinyu Dai, Benjamin Riley, Qi Sun, Debayan Mitra and Tanya Zelevinsky (Columbia University and Indiana University Bloomington) demonstrated the first three-dimensional magneto-optical trap (MOT) of a metal hydride molecule, CaH. Scattering roughly 104 photons (with vibrational loss covered up to ν = 2), they laser-slowed the beam to near-zero velocity with a “white-light” technique and loaded it into a radio-frequency MOT holding about 230 molecules below one millikelvin. The predissociation that limits the trap could, in turn, enable controlled breakup of CaH — a route to optically trapping hydrogen atoms for precision spectroscopy. Published in Physical Review Letters.
Journal article / 論文: J. Dai, B. Riley, Q. Sun, D. Mitra, T. Zelevinsky, “Magneto-Optical Trapping of a Metal Hydride Molecule,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 233403 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/xy6y-kyhc
Keywords: magneto-optical trap, 磁気光学トラップ, MOT, CaH, calcium monohydride, カルシウム一水素化物, laser cooling, レーザー冷却, ultracold molecules, 極低温分子, ultracold hydrogen, 超低温水素, predissociation, 予備解離, Zelevinsky, Columbia University, コロンビア大学, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
The JUNO Collaboration has formally published its first physics results in Nature. JUNO (Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory) is a 20-kiloton liquid-scintillator detector located 52.5 km from multiple nuclear reactor cores in Guangdong, China. Using the first 59.1 days of data collected since detector completion in August 2025 (2,379 inverse-beta-decay candidates), the collaboration reports the first simultaneous high-precision determination of two neutrino oscillation parameters: sin²θ₁₂ = 0.3092 ± 0.0087 and Δm²₂₁ = (7.50 ± 0.12)×10⁻⁵ eV² (normal mass ordering), improving precision by a factor of 1.6 relative to the combination of all previous measurements — relative uncertainties of 2.81% and 1.55%.
The measurement also re-examines the mild "solar neutrino tension" — a ~1.5σ discrepancy between solar- and reactor-based determinations of these parameters — which JUNO is uniquely positioned to resolve using both neutrino sources. The rapid, world-leading result with such a short exposure validates the detector design and confirms JUNO's readiness for its primary goal: resolving the neutrino mass ordering (whether the third mass state is the heaviest or the lightest) with a larger dataset. Published in Nature 654, 343–348 (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10538-z (arXiv:2511.14593; first announced November 2025).
Journal article / 論文: JUNO Collaboration, "Measurement of reactor neutrino oscillation with the first JUNO data," Nature 654, 343–348 (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10538-z | arXiv:2511.14593
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org (2025-11-19) | Scientific American
Keywords: JUNO, 江門地下ニュートリノ観測所, neutrino oscillation, ニュートリノ振動, ニュートリノ質量順序, neutrino mass ordering, reactor neutrino, 原子炉ニュートリノ, liquid scintillator, 液体シンチレータ, solar neutrino tension, θ12, Δm²21, particle physics, 素粒子物理学, ニュートリノ, Nature, 物理学, physics
The biennial 2026 Kavli Prize in Nanoscience has been awarded to Eva Y. Andrei (Rutgers University), Pablo Jarillo-Herrero (MIT) and Allan H. MacDonald (University of Texas at Austin) "for foundational work that established the field of Twistronics" — the discovery that stacking two-dimensional materials such as graphene with a slight relative twist can fundamentally reshape their electronic properties. The three laureates share a USD 1 million honorarium awarded by the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters with the Kavli Foundation.
The prize recognizes a three-act story: in 2009, Andrei's group used scanning tunneling microscopy on accidentally twisted bilayer graphene to show that small twist-angle variations profoundly modify the electronic structure via moiré patterns; in 2011, MacDonald (with Rafi Bistritzer) predicted theoretically that at discrete "magic angles" (~1.1°) the electronic bands become flat, enormously enhancing interactions; and in 2018, Jarillo-Herrero's group experimentally realized magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene, discovering correlated insulating phases and superconductivity — launching the explosive field of moiré quantum materials.
Source / 出典: The Kavli Prize (2026-06-10)「2026 Kavli Prize Laureates Announced」 | 2026 Kavli Prize in Nanoscience — Citation
Coverage / 報道: MIT News (2026-06-10) | Rutgers University
Keywords: Kavli Prize, カブリ賞, twistronics, ツイストロニクス, magic angle, 魔法角, twisted bilayer graphene, ねじれ二層グラフェン, moiré materials, モアレ物質, superconductivity, 超伝導, graphene, グラフェン, 2D materials, 2次元材料, Eva Andrei, Pablo Jarillo-Herrero, Allan MacDonald, condensed matter physics, 物性物理学, 物理学, physics
The UK's Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) must find cumulative savings of about £162 million by 2030 as its core budget stays roughly flat against sharply rising operating costs (notably electricity). According to reporting by The Guardian (10 June 2026), the national flagship facilities Diamond Light Source (the UK synchrotron) and ISIS Neutron and Muon Source face potential cuts of up to ~20%; the Institute of Physics notes that decisions on modelled cuts of 20%, 40% and 60% across STFC programmes are due in summer 2026.
The squeeze extends beyond facilities: UKRI has already told CERN it will withdraw from the LHCb detector upgrade, and particle physics, astronomy and nuclear physics grants are under severe pressure. Because over 90% of UKRI-funded research at Diamond is supported by other councils (EPSRC, BBSRC, MRC), cuts would ripple far beyond "STFC science" into materials science, chemistry and the life sciences — prompting warnings from the Royal Astronomical Society and the Institute of Physics.
Source / 出典: Institute of Physics「UKRI and STFC funding changes: what's happening?」 | Chemistry World (2026-02)
Keywords: Diamond Light Source, ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, STFC, UKRI, 研究予算削減, science funding cuts, synchrotron, 放射光, neutron source, 中性子源, UK physics, 英国物理学, LHCb, research infrastructure, 大型研究施設, 科学政策, science policy, 物理学, physics
Materials scientists at the University of Washington (Ting Cao and colleagues) used artificial intelligence to simulate huge stacks of two-dimensional atomic sheets — molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe₂) — assembled in intricate patterns. Trained on a relatively small dataset, the AI acts as a fast, inexpensive surrogate for a supercomputer, extrapolating the behaviour of very large material systems and revealing emergent quantum phenomena that simply do not appear in small clusters of atoms.
The approach (Yueyao Fan et al., published 2 June 2026 in PNAS; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2532550123) makes it practical to predict large-scale quantum behaviour — superconductivity, entanglement, exotic magnetism — that was previously impossible to model directly. A companion study (Lingnan Shen et al., Nature Communications, 8 June 2026; DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-72769-y) shows quantum computers naturally simulating hard quantum states (such as the Laughlin state), forming a self-improving loop: quantum computation generates data to refine the AI, and the AI guides the next quantum simulations. Together they point toward a hybrid AI-plus-quantum workflow for designing next-generation quantum materials and energy-efficient electronics.
Source / 出典: University of Washington News(PNAS論文へのリンクあり) | Phys.org (2026-06-10) | PNAS論文 (DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2532550123) | Nature Commun. 論文 (DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-72769-y)
Keywords: quantum materials, 量子材料, machine learning, 機械学習, artificial intelligence, 人工知能, molybdenum ditelluride, MoTe2, 二テルル化モリブデン, 2D materials, 二次元材料, stacked atomic sheets, 積層原子シート, moiré, モアレ, emergent quantum phenomena, 創発的量子現象, quantum computing, 量子コンピューティング, Laughlin state, ラフリン状態, University of Washington, PNAS, Nature Communications, condensed matter, 物性物理, 物理学, physics
Since 2022 the James Webb Space Telescope has found the early Universe littered with compact, crimson sources dubbed “little red dots” (LRDs) — so numerous that some feared they broke cosmological models. A team led by Vasily Kokorev (University of Texas at Austin) has now obtained the deepest spectrum of an LRD to date, for the object GLIMPSE-17775 at redshift 3.5 (about 1.8 billion years after the Big Bang). The dot happens to lie behind the galaxy cluster Abell S1063, whose gravitational lensing boosted a roughly 20-hour Webb spectrum to the equivalent of about 80 hours of telescope time.
The spectrum shows more than 40 spectral lines, and multiple independent indicators all point the same way: hydrogen, oxygen and helium lines are broadened by electron scattering — the fingerprint of a dense, layered gas cocoon — while an “iron forest” of 16 iron lines and strong oxygen features demand a powerful central engine. The picture that fits is a “black hole star”: a rapidly accreting supermassive black hole (around five million solar masses, feeding at nearly twice the Eddington limit) wrapped in gas so thick it is opaque, reprocessing the radiation into the red glow Webb sees. A substantial host galaxy dilutes the usual Balmer break. The work, published in The Astrophysical Journal, is the strongest evidence yet for the black-hole-star interpretation of LRDs.
Journal article / 論文: V. Kokorev et al., “The Deepest GLIMPSE of a Dense Gas Cocoon Enshrouding a Little Red Dot,” The Astrophysical Journal (2026), DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ae4ed7
Source / 出典: NASA Webb (2026-06-10)「NASA Webb Finds Strongest Evidence Yet for 'Black Hole Stars'」 | Sky & Telescope「“Little Red Dot” Is a Cocooned Black Hole」 | Space.com
Keywords: little red dots, リトルレッドドット, LRD, black hole star, ブラックホール星, GLIMPSE-17775, JWST, ジェイムズ・ウェッブ宇宙望遠鏡, gravitational lensing, 重力レンズ, Abell S1063, supermassive black hole, 超大質量ブラックホール, electron scattering, 電子散乱, Eddington limit, エディントン限界, early universe, 初期宇宙, spectroscopy, 分光, Vasily Kokorev, The Astrophysical Journal, 天体物理学, 物理学, physics
Astrophysicists Mark D. Gorski and Lena Murchikova at Northwestern University report the discovery of a long-sought active wind from Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way. Using more than 100 hours of ALMA observations accumulated over about five years — yielding an unprecedentedly deep (Tb ∼ 30 mK) and sharp (≲0.25″) map of the cold molecular gas — they detected a large conical clearing at least 1 parsec long with a ~45-degree opening angle next to the black hole.
The cavity, devoid of cold carbon-monoxide gas in the ALMA data, is filled with hot X-ray-emitting gas seen by NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory. Its morphology and energetics are consistent with active clearing by a hot wind from Sgr A*, while alternatives such as stellar winds or a recent supernova are disfavored. Because Sgr A* is currently in a quiet, weakly accreting state, the result gives the first close look at the gentle feedback that typical, non-flaring supermassive black holes exert on their surroundings. Published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters 1004, L7 (4 June 2026), DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ae63cf.
Source / 出典: Northwestern Now (2026-06-04)「Found: Milky Way black hole's missing wind」
Journal article / 論文: M. D. Gorski & L. Murchikova, "The Discovery of an Active Wind from the Milky Way's Central Black Hole," ApJL 1004, L7 (2026). DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ae63cf(arXiv:2509.10615)
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org (2026-06-04) | Chandra X-ray Observatory Photo Album
Keywords: Sagittarius A*, いて座A*, supermassive black hole, 超大質量ブラックホール, black hole wind, ブラックホールの風, ALMA, Chandra, AGN feedback, 銀河中心, Galactic Center, Northwestern University, Astrophysical Journal Letters, astrophysics, 天体物理学, 物理学, physics
Researchers led by University College Dublin (UCD) with international collaborators (G. Mihailescu, U. Alushi, R. Di Candia, S. Felicetti and K. Gietka) have published a comprehensive tutorial in PRX Quantum on critical quantum sensing — an emerging metrology paradigm that exploits the dramatically enhanced susceptibility and non-classical correlations that quantum systems spontaneously develop near quantum phase transitions. Near a critical point, a vanishingly small change in the quantity being measured produces a large, detectable response in the probe system.
The tutorial distills sophisticated theoretical frameworks (quantum Fisher information, optimal scaling of precision with probe size and protocol time, finite-component phase transitions, driven-dissipative criticality) into practical blueprints for next-generation sensors, guiding the reader through protocols of increasing complexity. Such criticality-enhanced sensors are being explored on platforms from superconducting resonators to trapped ions and cavity QED, with prospective applications in gravitational-wave detection, magnetometry, medical imaging and precision navigation. Published in PRX Quantum (2026); preprint arXiv:2510.02035.
Journal article / 論文: G. Mihailescu et al., "Critical Quantum Sensing: a tutorial on parameter estimation near quantum phase transitions," PRX Quantum (2026). arXiv:2510.02035
Coverage / 報道: Bioengineer.org (2026-06-09)「Physicists Unlock the Power of Quantum Phase Transitions」
Keywords: critical quantum sensing, クリティカル量子センシング, quantum phase transition, 量子相転移, quantum metrology, 量子計測, quantum sensor, 量子センサー, quantum Fisher information, 量子フィッシャー情報, Heisenberg scaling, ハイゼンベルク限界, gravitational wave detection, 重力波検出, PRX Quantum, University College Dublin, 量子技術, quantum technology, 物理学, physics
How are elements heavier than iron — such as gold and platinum — formed in the universe? Roughly half of them are produced by the rapid neutron-capture process (r-process), in environments like neutron-star mergers, where the synthesis flow repeatedly pauses at so-called waiting-point nuclei near closed neutron shells. The β-decay half-lives of these extremely neutron-rich nuclei set the tempo of the r-process and shape the final abundance pattern, but they are very hard to measure experimentally.
A team led by TU Darmstadt (Zhen Li et al.) has now computed β-decay half-lives of N=50 neutron-rich nuclei from first principles, using the ab initio valence-space in-medium similarity renormalization group (VS-IMSRG) with chiral interactions and two-body weak currents. The predicted total half-lives agree well with existing experimental data, validating the framework and providing reliable predictions where measurements do not yet exist — a key input for simulations of heavy-element nucleosynthesis. Published in Physical Review Letters (2026), DOI: 10.1103/xjv9-t6sn.
Journal article / 論文: Zhen Li et al., "Ab Initio Calculations of β-Decay Half-Lives for N=50 Neutron-Rich Nuclei," Phys. Rev. Lett. (2026). DOI: 10.1103/xjv9-t6sn
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org (2026-06-09)「Neutron-rich nuclei yield beta-decay clues that could refine heavy-element origin models」
Keywords: beta decay, ベータ崩壊, r-process, rプロセス, 重元素合成, heavy element nucleosynthesis, neutron-rich nuclei, 中性子過剰核, waiting point nuclei, 待機点核, ab initio, 第一原理計算, VS-IMSRG, TU Darmstadt, nuclear physics, 原子核物理学, 中性子星合体, neutron star merger, gold, 金, platinum, 白金, 物理学, physics
Researchers at Kanazawa University, in collaboration with Diamond and Carbon Applications (Germany), have developed a buried-growth process for nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD). The key innovation is nitrogen-radical selective etching, which simultaneously hardens the metal mask through nitridation — enabling a continuous etching-then-growth sequence within a single MPCVD chamber and minimizing crystal damage.
Optical measurements confirmed highly aligned NV centers selectively buried in predefined regions — i.e., simultaneous control of both the position and the crystallographic orientation of the qubits, arranged in two-dimensional arrays. The method also works on standard (100) diamond substrates, indicating broad applicability. Because the NV center is the leading room-temperature solid-state qubit and quantum-sensor platform, a stable, scalable fabrication route to oriented NV arrays is an important step toward multi-qubit diamond devices and high-sensitivity magnetometry. Published in Carbon (Elsevier; online 29 January 2026); covered by Phys.org on 9 June 2026.
Source / 出典: 金沢大学プレスリリース (2026-03-11)「ダイヤモンド中の量子ビットを配向軸を揃えながら位置制御することに成功」(PDF)
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org (2026-06-09)「New buried-growth process enables 2D arrays of position- and orientation-controlled diamond qubits」
Keywords: NV center, NVセンター, diamond qubit, ダイヤモンド量子ビット, nitrogen-vacancy center, 窒素空孔中心, MPCVD, マイクロ波プラズマCVD, buried growth, 埋め込み成長, quantum sensor, 量子センサー, room-temperature quantum technology, 室温量子技術, Kanazawa University, 金沢大学, Carbon, quantum computing, 量子コンピュータ, 物理学, physics
Florida State University physicists Cyprian Lewandowski (Assistant Professor) and postdoctoral researcher Phong Võ Tiến, as part of an international collaboration, have uncovered new aspects of superconductivity and topology in rhombohedral graphene — a few layers of carbon atoms stacked like the treads of a staircase (chiral stacking). At low energy, electrons in this structure localize almost exclusively onto specific atoms on the top and bottom surfaces.
The system exhibits unusual superconducting states and a quantum anomalous Hall effect, with electron and hole carriers residing on opposite surfaces and minimal charge in the bulk. This dual-surface configuration enables emergent correlated and topological phases, making rhombohedral graphene a promising platform for exploring strongly correlated quantum matter. Because intrinsic superconductivity and quantum anomalous Hall states can coexist and be tuned in such flat-band systems, the material family is also discussed as a route toward topologically protected modes (such as Majorana zero modes) relevant to topological quantum computation. Published in Nature Physics (2026).
Source / 出典: Florida State University News (2026-06-08)
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org (2026-06-08)「Research uncovers novel electronic properties in quantum material」
Keywords: rhombohedral graphene, 菱面体グラフェン, chiral stacking, カイラル積層, superconductivity, 超伝導, quantum anomalous Hall effect, 量子異常ホール効果, flat band, 平坦バンド, topological quantum computation, トポロジカル量子計算, Majorana zero mode, マヨラナ零モード, Florida State University, Nature Physics, condensed matter physics, 凝縮系物理学, 物理学, physics
Researchers at the University of Oxford (including Dr Oana Băzăvan and Dr Sebastian Saner) have demonstrated a new family of Schrödinger-cat-like quantum states in the motion of a single trapped strontium-88 ion. Unlike conventional cat states built from displaced coherent wave packets, the new superpositions are assembled from components that are themselves highly non-classical — squeezed, trisqueezed and quadsqueezed motional states previously synthesised on the same platform.
The ion's internal electronic state acts as a qubit while its motion behaves as a quantum harmonic oscillator; engineered interactions entangle the two, and a mid-circuit measurement of the internal state projects the motion into the chosen superposition. The method is programmable — the size, orientation and separation of each component can be tuned — and reconstructed Wigner functions show interference fringes and Wigner negativity confirming genuine quantum superpositions. The work opens routes toward quantum computing with non-binary (oscillator-based) systems, quantum sensing, and probing the boundary between the classical and quantum worlds. Published in Physical Review X (2026).
Source / 出典: University of Oxford Department of Physics「Oxford physicists create new family of Schrödinger's cat states」
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org (2026-06-09) | EurekAlert!
Keywords: Schrödinger cat state, シュレーディンガーの猫状態, trapped ion, トラップイオン, strontium ion, ストロンチウムイオン, squeezed state, スクイーズド状態, Wigner negativity, ウィグナー負値, quantum superposition, 量子重ね合わせ, bosonic quantum computing, quantum error correction, 量子誤り訂正, University of Oxford, Physical Review X, quantum physics, 量子物理学, 物理学, physics
Quantum mechanics and general relativity are the two pillars of modern physics, yet experiments that combine the two frameworks remain rare. A team including Haocun Yu (now at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville) has realized a 50-km table-top Mach-Zehnder fiber interferometer operating at the single-photon level — compressing what would otherwise be a kilometer-scale apparatus onto a laboratory bench using spooled optical fiber.
The interferometer achieved a phase sensitivity of 4.42×10⁻⁶ rad RMS in the 0.01–5 Hz band and resolved a modulated signal of (6.18 ± 0.44)×10⁻⁵ rad RMS at 0.1 Hz — a magnitude comparable to the gravitational phase shift expected in a table-top apparatus. Heralded single photons were generated by a Sagnac-geometry SPDC source and detected with superconducting nanowire detectors. The result surpasses all previous single-photon fiber interferometers in sensitivity and marks a concrete step toward measuring gravitational (general-relativistic) effects on single quanta of light in a controlled laboratory setting. Published in Physical Review Letters 136, 110803 (17 March 2026; arXiv:2511.17022); the work attracted renewed attention in June 2026.
Journal article / 論文: H. Yu et al., "50-km Fiber Interferometer for Testing Gravitational Signatures in Quantum Interference," Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 110803 (2026)
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2511.17022
Keywords: quantum gravity experiment, 量子重力実験, general relativity, 一般相対性理論, fiber interferometer, 光ファイバー干渉計, Mach-Zehnder, マッハ・ツェンダー干渉計, single photon, 単一光子, gravitational redshift, 重力赤方偏移, quantum sensing, 量子センシング, University of Tennessee, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
A team at the University of Hong Kong (HKU) Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Centre for Advanced Semiconductors and Integrated Circuits, led by Professor Yuhao Zhang and PhD student Xin Yang, has discovered gate-controlled negative differential resistance (NDR) in industry-standard silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs, arising from electron-donor impact ionization, with an on/off current ratio above 10⁷.
For the first time, a single transistor was shown to mimic the energy-efficient "spiking" behavior of biological neurons at temperatures as low as 10 millikelvin. The team demonstrated programmable cryogenic spiking neuromorphic circuits — sensory, logic, and integrate-and-fire neurons — that can be cascaded into larger networks. Because qubit-control electronics must dissipate almost no heat at millikelvin temperatures, this technology could relieve the wiring and cooling bottlenecks of scaling quantum computers (e.g., local processing for quantum error correction and real-time control), and SiC's established 300-mm foundry manufacturability eases adoption; the rugged circuits also suit deep-space exploration. Published in Nature Communications (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-70963-6.
Journal article / 論文: X. Yang et al., "Cryogenic neuromorphic circuits using gate-controlled negative differential resistance in silicon carbide," Nature Communications (2026)
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org (2026-06-08)
Keywords: silicon carbide, シリコンカーバイド, SiC MOSFET, cryogenic electronics, 極低温エレクトロニクス, neuromorphic computing, ニューロモルフィック, negative differential resistance, 負性微分抵抗, spiking neuron, スパイキングニューロン, quantum computer control, 量子コンピュータ制御, millikelvin, ミリケルビン, University of Hong Kong, 香港大学, Nature Communications, 物理学, physics
The Amaterasu particle — an ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray of ~244 EeV (over 240 exa-electronvolts) detected by the Telescope Array in Utah in 2021, second in energy only to the 1991 "Oh-My-God particle" — has puzzled physicists because its arrival direction traces back to the Local Void, a nearly empty region of space with no obvious powerful source. New research led by Kohta Murase (Penn State), with collaborators at the Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (Kyoto University), Virginia Tech and other institutions, proposes a resolution: the particle may be an ultraheavy atomic nucleus, heavier than iron, rather than a proton.
Detailed simulations of how particles of different masses propagate through intergalactic radiation fields show that, at Amaterasu-like energies, ultraheavy nuclei lose energy more slowly than protons or intermediate-mass nuclei, letting them survive cosmic distances while retaining extreme energies — and changing the inferred magnetic deflection, hence the reconstructed source direction. If some of the highest-energy events are ultraheavy nuclei, candidate accelerators shift toward environments rich in heavy elements, such as magnetars (strongly magnetized neutron stars) and compact-object mergers. The authors stress they are not claiming all UHECRs are ultraheavy — but the possibility reshapes the source search. Published in Physical Review Letters (2026).
Source / 出典: Kyoto University (2026-05-08)「Ultrahigh-energy cosmic messengers may carry ultraheavy secrets」
Coverage / 報道: ScienceDaily (2026-06-08) | Phys.org (2026-05-07)
Keywords: Amaterasu particle, アマテラス粒子, ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray, 超高エネルギー宇宙線, UHECR, ultraheavy nuclei, 超重原子核, Telescope Array, テレスコープアレイ, Local Void, ローカルボイド, magnetar, マグネター, neutron star merger, 中性子星合体, Kohta Murase, 村瀬孔大, cosmic ray origin, 宇宙線の起源, astroparticle physics, 宇宙素粒子物理学, 物理学, physics
Astronomers at MIT, Columbia University and other institutions have detected the earliest known flickering quasar, tracing its light back to the "cosmic dawn" — just 850 million years after the Big Bang. The object, J0439+1634 at redshift z = 6.51, shines with the brightness of roughly 12 trillion suns. Using archival infrared data from NASA's NEOWISE mission (2010–2024), reprocessed in a project launched by Kishalay De (now at Columbia), the team tracked the quasar varying randomly by about 20% over 14 years — "much like a candle's flame flickers without a fixed pattern."
Because the flicker pattern at different wavelengths encodes the structure of the accretion flow, the team could infer the disk geometry: surprisingly, this very young quasar already has a thin, flat, pancake-like accretion disk, resembling those of mature, modern-day quasars rather than the chaotic, puffed-up disks expected during rapid early growth. The result suggests that the messy, super-fast growth phases of supermassive black holes happened very early — before we see them as luminous quasars — deepening the mystery of how billion-solar-mass black holes matured so quickly. Published in Nature Astronomy (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41550-026-02897-4; led by Anna-Christina Eilers and Gene Leung (MIT Kavli Institute).
Source / 出典: MIT News (2026-06-08)「MIT astronomers discover the earliest known flickering quasar」
Journal article / 論文: Nature Astronomy (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41550-026-02897-4
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org (2026-06-08) | Columbia News
Keywords: quasar, クエーサー, J0439+1634, flickering quasar, ちらつくクエーサー, supermassive black hole, 超大質量ブラックホール, accretion disk, 降着円盤, cosmic dawn, 宇宙の夜明け, early universe, 初期宇宙, NEOWISE, redshift 6.51, MIT, Nature Astronomy, cosmology, 宇宙論, 天体物理学, astrophysics, 物理学, physics
By extending general relativity into higher dimensions, a trio of theoretical physicists — including Christian Ecker of Goethe University Frankfurt — has mathematically shown that a repeating, crystal-like pattern of ripples in space-time geometry could give rise to naked singularities (singularities not hidden behind an event horizon) and microscopic black holes.
The study, published in Physical Review Letters and reported by Live Science, revisits a problem contemplated by Stephen Hawking and Kip Thorne about whether naked singularities can emerge from rare patterns in space-time geometry. Earlier numerical simulations were limited by finite computer precision; the new analytical treatment provides the deeper understanding that exact equation-based methods offer. Importantly, this is a theoretical advance — it does not show that such space-time crystals exist in the real universe — but it sharpens the long-standing debate around the cosmic censorship conjecture.
Keywords: naked singularity, 裸の特異点, cosmic censorship conjecture, 宇宙検閲仮説, general relativity, 一般相対性理論, higher dimensions, 高次元時空, black hole, ブラックホール, spacetime geometry, 時空幾何, Gregory-Laflamme, Goethe University, Physical Review Letters, theoretical physics, 理論物理学, 物理学, physics
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University, with collaborators at Stanford University and Purdue University, have experimentally demonstrated metamaterial-mediated enhancement of near-field radiative heat transfer. When two objects are only a few hundred nanometers apart, thermal energy can tunnel across the gap via evanescent electromagnetic waves, exceeding the far-field blackbody limit — and engineered structures can push this much further.
The team, led by mechanical engineering professor Sheng Shen, patterned microscopic gold split-ring resonators onto silicon nitride (SiN) membranes and positioned them face-to-face across a nanoscale gap, increasing heat transfer by as much as four times compared with unstructured gold plates or bare membranes. The result is one of the clearest experimental confirmations that radiative heat flow can be actively designed, with prospects for chip cooling, thermophotovoltaics (converting heat into electricity), thermal energy harvesting, and infrared sensing. Published in Nature (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10595-4.
Journal article / 論文: "Metamaterial-enhanced near-field radiative heat transfer," Nature (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10595-4
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | ScienceDaily (2026-06-06)
Keywords: near-field radiative heat transfer, 近接場放射熱伝達, metamaterial, メタマテリアル, split-ring resonator, スプリットリング共振器, thermophotovoltaics, 熱光起電力, chip cooling, チップ冷却, nanoscale heat, ナノスケール熱輸送, Carnegie Mellon University, カーネギーメロン大学, Nature, thermal physics, 熱物理学, 物理学, physics
A team at the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, led by Professor Aashish Clerk, has proposed a surprisingly simple way to create powerful entangled quantum states in cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity QED). In standard cavity QED, all atoms couple to the confined light identically; this symmetry limits which entangled states the system can produce.
The new method breaks that symmetry without new hardware: while all atoms are driven by a common laser, an additional magnetic field or lasers tune the excited-state energies of different groups of atoms, with each atom paired to another carrying an equal-and-opposite energy offset. This generates a wide variety of highly entangled states — including noise-resistant configurations for measuring gradients of magnetic or gravitational fields, and complex many-body states such as AKLT states of interest for quantum computing and condensed matter physics. The theoretical proposal, supported by the DOE's Q-NEXT center, is published in Physical Review X (2026).
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org (2026-06-09) | ScienceDaily (2026-06-06)
Keywords: quantum entanglement, 量子もつれ, cavity QED, 共振器量子電磁力学, optical cavity, 光共振器, AKLT state, AKLT状態, quantum sensing, 量子センシング, many-body physics, 多体物理, University of Chicago, シカゴ大学, Physical Review X, quantum information, 量子情報, 物理学, physics
The ATLAS Collaboration at CERN's Large Hadron Collider has reported the first measurements of quantum entanglement between spins in pairs of Z bosons, using the rare but pristine decay H → ZZ* → 4 leptons (electron or muon pairs) in proton-proton collision data at 13 TeV and 13.6 TeV (Run 2 + Run 3). Measurements of angular observables sensitive to the ZZ* spin-density matrix yield coefficients C₂,₁,₂,₋₁ = −0.71 ± 0.45 and C₂,₂,₂,₋₂ = 0.08 ± 0.44, consistent with Standard Model predictions.
A complementary likelihood-ratio test using the full angular distribution — relying on several Standard Model assumptions in the decays — rejected the non-entangled (separable-state) hypothesis with an observed significance of 4.7 standard deviations (4.9σ expected). This constitutes strong evidence of quantum entanglement between massive vector bosons — spin-1 "qutrits" (three-level quantum systems) — at the electroweak energy scale, extending tests of quantum mechanics to by far the highest energies ever probed and opening a new program of quantum-information measurements at colliders. Reported in an ATLAS physics briefing (June 2026); paper submitted as arXiv:2603.26463.
Journal article / 論文: ATLAS Collaboration, "Measurements of Z-boson pair entanglement in decays of Higgs bosons at the ATLAS experiment," arXiv:2603.26463 (2026)
Keywords: ATLAS, quantum entanglement, 量子もつれ, Higgs boson, ヒッグス粒子, Z boson, Zボソン, qutrit, クートリット, H→ZZ*→4l, LHC, CERN, electroweak scale, 電弱スケール, spin density matrix, スピン密度行列, particle physics, 素粒子物理学, quantum information, 量子情報, 4.7 sigma, 物理学, physics
Cobalt is one of the best-studied magnetic metals — a textbook elemental ferromagnet found in hard drives, motors and battery materials — so few surprises were expected from its electronic structure. An international team led by Jaime Sánchez-Barriga at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) used spin-resolved photoemission (spin-ARPES) at the BESSY II synchrotron and found otherwise: cobalt is threaded with spin-polarized magnetic nodal lines — extended paths where two spin-sorted electron bands cross without opening a gap — that remain robust even at room temperature.
Because cobalt's magnetism breaks time-reversal symmetry, the electrons forming these nodal lines carry a net spin polarization that can be fully reversed by flipping the magnetization, and near the crossings they behave like fast, nearly massless Weyl-like carriers. Switching the magnetization direction can open a gap at selected crossings or continuously tune the spin texture — precisely the kind of magnetic on/off control wanted for spintronic devices, which encode information in electron spin rather than charge. Cobalt's elemental simplicity and high Curie temperature keep these states stable at and above room temperature, reframing a familiar metal as a tunable topological platform. The work is a measurement of material properties, not yet a working device.
Journal article / 論文: J. Sánchez-Barriga et al., Communications Materials (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s43246-026-01072-6
Coverage / 報道: ScienceDaily | Phys.org
Keywords: cobalt, コバルト, topological electronic states, トポロジカル電子状態, magnetic nodal lines, 磁気ノーダルライン, spin-ARPES, スピン分解ARPES, ferromagnet, 強磁性体, spintronics, スピントロニクス, Weyl-like carriers, ワイル型キャリア, room temperature, 室温, BESSY II, Jaime Sánchez-Barriga, HZB, ヘルムホルツ・センター・ベルリン, Communications Materials, 凝縮系物理学, condensed matter, 物理学, physics
Actively feeding black holes betray themselves as brilliant quasars, but a dormant black hole emits almost nothing — its presence can only be inferred from the motion of stars caught in its gravity. That “stellar dynamics” technique had so far been limited to relatively nearby galaxies. An international team led by Andrew B. Newman (Carnegie Science), with co-authors including Meng Gu, Sirio Belli and Richard S. Ellis (UCL), has now pushed it to a record distance.
The target is MRG-M0138, a massive quiescent galaxy at redshift 1.95 — seen as it was when the Universe was only about 3 billion years old, roughly 10 billion light-years away. A foreground galaxy cluster acts as a natural gravitational lens, magnifying the galaxy about 30-fold. Combining this magnification with JWST NIRSpec integral-field spectroscopy, the team spatially resolved the stellar kinematics inside the black hole’s sphere of influence and weighed it at 6.0 (+2.1/−1.7) × 109 solar masses — the most distant dormant black hole ever measured, about 15 times farther than the previous record. Both the black hole and its galaxy are inert: MRG-M0138 likely once hosted a luminous quasar whose feedback shut down star formation. Intriguingly, the measured mass is consistent with one local black-hole–galaxy scaling relation but inconsistent with another, providing a rare test of how these correlations evolved. Published in Science.
Journal article / 論文: A. B. Newman et al., “A stellar dynamical mass measurement of an inactive black hole at redshift 2,” Science 392, 1065–1068 (2026), DOI: 10.1126/science.adx5816
Source / 出典: Carnegie Science (2026-06-03) | Phys.org (2026-06-04)「JWST 'weighs' dormant black hole 10 billion light-years away」
Keywords: dormant black hole, 休眠ブラックホール, supermassive black hole, 超大質量ブラックホール, MRG-M0138, stellar dynamics, 恒星力学, gravitational lensing, 重力レンズ, JWST, NIRSpec, integral field spectroscopy, 面分光, black hole mass, ブラックホール質量, quiescent galaxy, 静穏銀河, scaling relations, スケーリング関係, redshift 2, Andrew Newman, Carnegie Science, カーネギー研究所, Science, 天体物理学, 物理学, physics
Quarks — up, down, charm, strange, top and bottom — bind into baryons (three quarks, like the proton and neutron) and mesons. Particles carrying two charm quarks are especially rare and heavy, and the quark model has long predicted a trio of such “doubly charmed” baryons. LHCb discovered the first (Ξcc⁺⁺) in 2017 and the second (Ξcc⁺) earlier in 2026, leaving one member missing.
At the Beauty 2026 conference in Maastricht, the LHCb collaboration at CERN's Large Hadron Collider announced the first observation of the Ωcc⁺ baryon — containing two charm quarks and one strange quark — completing the family. Reconstructed from 2024 Run-3 proton–proton collision data, it appears as a peak around a mass of 3727 MeV/c² (roughly four times the proton mass) in the Ωc⁰π⁺ spectrum, with the short-lived particle travelling a fraction of a millimetre before decaying. The result, about 50 years after such states were first predicted, sharpens tests of how the strong force binds heavy quarks.
Journal article / 論文: CERN「LHCb discovers the final missing member of a doubly charmed particle family」(2026年6月)
Coverage / 報道: LHCb Outreach(2026年6月3日・Beauty 2026)
Keywords: LHCb, CERN, Large Hadron Collider, 大型ハドロン衝突型加速器, doubly charmed baryon, 二重チャームバリオン, Omega_cc, Ωcc+, charm quark, チャームクォーク, strange quark, ストレンジクォーク, baryon, バリオン, quark model, クォーク模型, Beauty 2026, Run 3, 3727 MeV, particle physics, 素粒子物理学, Standard Model, 標準模型, physics
A Schrödinger-cat state places a system in a quantum superposition of two distinct configurations at once. Traditionally these “cats” are built from coherent states — the most classical-like wave packets — placed in opposition. Such states are central to quantum sensing and to bosonic error-correction codes for quantum computers.
Researchers at the University of Oxford, including Sebastian Saner and Raghavendra Srinivas, instead built cat-like superpositions from components that are themselves already deeply nonclassical: squeezed, trisqueezed and quadsqueezed motional states of a single trapped ion, in which quantum uncertainty is reshaped in unusual ways. By engineering interactions between the ion's internal qubit and its motion, they sculpted programmable superpositions and confirmed genuine quantum features such as interference and Wigner negativity. The approach deepens the quantum character of cat states from the inside and supplies a platform that squeezed-cat error-correction schemes require. The work appears in Physical Review X.
Coverage / 報道: University of Oxford, Dept. of Physics(2026年6月)
Keywords: Schrodinger cat state, シュレディンガーの猫状態, quantum superposition, 量子重ね合わせ, trapped ion, イオントラップ, squeezed state, スクイーズド状態, trisqueezed, quadsqueezed, nonclassical state, 非古典状態, Wigner negativity, ウィグナー負性, bosonic error correction, ボソニック誤り訂正, quantum harmonic oscillator, 量子調和振動子, Sebastian Saner, University of Oxford, Physical Review X, 量子情報, quantum information, physics
U.S. startup Atom Computing announced what it describes as the industry’s first full demonstration of quantum error correction using a toric code — the torus-shaped stabilizer code proposed by Alexei Kitaev that underlies much of modern fault-tolerance theory — on a neutral-atom quantum computer. According to the company, the results show that logical error rates decrease as more qubits are used, the key scaling requirement for fault tolerance, and that error correction was sustained over many consecutive rounds — a feat previously reported by only one other company, and now achieved with neutral atoms for the first time.
Atom Computing credits several architectural features: the ability to dynamically rearrange atoms, giving effective all-to-all connectivity unconstrained by a fixed chip layout; a zoned architecture that parallelizes operations; and nuclear-spin qubits with very long coherence times, needed to survive deep circuits. “This is the clearest demonstration yet that neutral atoms are highly competitive with superconducting systems and other approaches for building scalable logical qubits,” said CEO and founder Ben Bloom. The claims are from the company’s June 3 press release; a detailed technical publication is the natural next step for independent scrutiny.
Source / 出典: Atom Computing press release via HPCwire (2026-06-03) | The Quantum Insider (2026-06-03)
Keywords: Atom Computing, quantum error correction, 量子誤り訂正, QEC, toric code, トーリック符号, neutral atoms, 中性原子, logical qubit, 論理量子ビット, fault tolerance, フォールトトレランス, nuclear spin qubit, 核スピン量子ビット, all-to-all connectivity, 全結合, zoned architecture, quantum computing, 量子コンピュータ, Kitaev, キタエフ, 物理学, physics
By definition, a photon is an elementary particle of light that cannot be split into smaller pieces. Yet a photon is also an extended wave spread across space. So what would happen if you intercepted only part of that wave — for example, with an ultrafast optical shutter (a very fast mirror switched on and off) that blocks the middle of a light pulse?
In a theoretical study in Physical Review Letters, Johannes Skaar and colleagues show the answer is strange: you cannot make “half a photon.” Instead, the act of abruptly chopping the wave injects energy and conjures an infinite swarm of additional photons out of the vacuum. The result is a clean, intuitive demonstration of how quantum field theory protects the photon as an indivisible quantum, and of how sharp time-domain manipulations of light create particles. A preprint is available on arXiv (2510.21636).
Journal article / 論文: J. Skaar et al., Physical Review Letters (2026), DOI: 10.1103/94pm-hp34(arXiv:2510.21636)
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org(2026年6月2日)
Keywords: photon, 光子, single photon, 単一光子, quantum field theory, 場の量子論, optical shutter, 光シャッター, photon indivisibility, 光子の不可分性, particle creation, 粒子生成, vacuum, 真空, quantum optics, 量子光学, Johannes Skaar, Physical Review Letters, arXiv 2510.21636, theoretical physics, 理論物理学, physics
Magnons — the quanta of spin waves in a magnet — are promising carriers for sensing and quantum information, but like any physical system they are subject to thermal fluctuations (noise) that blur precise measurements. A technique called squeezing redistributes those fluctuations in phase space, pushing the noise in one quadrature below its usual level at the expense of the conjugate one; squeezing is well established for light and for mechanical oscillators, but realizing and characterizing it in magnetic media had remained largely unexplored.
A team led by Tomosato Hioki and Kaito Tojo (equal contribution) with Professor Eiji Saitoh at the University of Tokyo — together with the Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR) at Tohoku University (Mehrdad Elyasi, Gerrit E. W. Bauer), RIKEN CEMS and JST — demonstrated single-mode thermal squeezing of the magnetization dynamics in an yttrium iron garnet (YIG) film using microwave parametric excitation, driving the noise below the thermal level in one phase. They further observed two-mode thermal squeezing: correlated fluctuations between two magnon modes concentrated on the top and bottom surfaces of the film, persisting even near room temperature. The result opens paths to ultra-low-noise magnetic sensing, future quantum information technology, and heat engines that use non-equilibrium squeezing to beat equilibrium thermodynamic limits. Published (open access) in Nature Physics (1 June 2026).
Journal article / 論文: T. Hioki, K. Tojo, M. Elyasi et al., “Single- and two-mode magnon thermal squeezing,” Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03294-4 | 理化学研究所 (2026-06-02) 共同プレスリリース
Keywords: magnon, マグノン, spin wave, スピン波, thermal squeezing, 熱スクイージング, squeezed state, スクイーズ状態, parametric excitation, パラメトリック励起, YIG, yttrium iron garnet, イットリウム鉄ガーネット, two-mode squeezing, 二モードスクイージング, quantum noise, 量子ノイズ, magnonics, マグノニクス, magnetometry, 磁気計測, heat engine, 熱機関, University of Tokyo, 東京大学, Eiji Saitoh, 齊藤英治, RIKEN, 理化学研究所, Tohoku University, 東北大学, Nature Physics, 物理学, physics
The formal public debate on CERN's Future Circular Collider (FCC) project has opened in France, organized under the auspices of the Commission Nationale du Débat Public (CNDP) and running from 2 June to 1 October 2026, with a kick-off meeting on 4 June at Archamps. It runs in parallel with the Swiss public consultation (18 May – 2 October 2026). Public debates under the CNDP are the most important form of public participation in France for major infrastructure projects.
If approved — with the CERN Council decision expected no earlier than 2028 as part of the update to the European Strategy for Particle Physics — the FCC would be built in a ring-shaped tunnel of about 91 km circumference (90.7 km in the feasibility study) at an average depth of ~200 m beneath the Haute-Savoie and Ain departments in France and the canton of Geneva. Its first phase (FCC-ee) would collide electrons and positrons as a "Higgs factory", measuring the Higgs boson and other Standard Model particles with unprecedented precision to probe dark matter, the matter-antimatter asymmetry and physics beyond the Standard Model. The debates address not only the scientific case but also environmental impact, land use and electricity consumption of the giant machine.
Source / 出典: CERN「The public consultation process for the FCC project begins in Switzerland and France」 | CNDP — Débat public : projet d'accélérateur de particules (FCC)
Keywords: FCC, Future Circular Collider, 将来円形衝突型加速器, Higgs factory, ヒッグス工場, ヒッグスファクトリー, CERN, CNDP, public debate, 公開討論, 91 km, 90.7 km, FCC-ee, Higgs boson, ヒッグス粒子, particle accelerator, 粒子加速器, European Strategy for Particle Physics, 環境負荷, 電力消費, 素粒子物理学, particle physics, 物理学, physics
In certain atomically thin semiconductors, electrons can occupy one of two energy “valleys” — a quantum label, the valley degree of freedom, that could encode information much like spin does in spintronics. The field of valleytronics has long been stuck on a practical problem: researchers could generate valley-encoded signals or detect them, but never do everything in one integrated device.
A team at Monash University led by Dr. Chi Li (with co-first author Dr. Kaijian Xing and senior author Dr. Haoran Ren, alongside Professors Michael S. Fuhrer and Stefan A. Maier) has now built a fully integrated on-chip programmable valley optoelectronic nanocircuit that creates, routes and reads valley-encoded light signals within a single compact system — at room temperature. The key was a straightforward stacking approach that combines few-atom-thick materials with engineered metasurfaces, sidestepping the difficulty of growing such materials directly on photonic structures. As a demonstration, the chip encoded and processed two separate images simultaneously. The international collaboration spanned Australia, China, Singapore, Germany and Japan (including Kenji Watanabe and Takashi Taniguchi), and the authors see applications in low-energy photonic computing, quantum technologies and optical communications. Published in Nature Photonics.
Journal article / 論文: C. Li, K. Xing, … S. A. Maier, H. Ren, “An on-chip programmable valley optoelectronic nanocircuit,” Nature Photonics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41566-026-01916-0
Source / 出典: Monash University via ScienceDaily (2026-06-02)
Keywords: valleytronics, バレートロニクス, valley degree of freedom, バレー自由度, photonic chip, 光チップ, metasurface, メタサーフェス, 2D materials, 2次元材料, atomically thin, 原子層材料, optoelectronics, 光電子工学, nanophotonics, ナノフォトニクス, room temperature, 室温動作, integrated photonics, 集積フォトニクス, Monash University, モナシュ大学, Nature Photonics, 物理学, physics
Early fault-tolerant quantum computers — machines capable of on the order of a million reliable logical operations (the “megaquop” regime) — are expected within a few years, but two overheads threaten to eat their budget: preparing low-noise “magic” resource states via distillation, and synthesizing arbitrary rotations from a discrete gate set. QuEra Computing and Los Alamos National Laboratory have published a hardware/software co-designed answer: the transversal STAR (Space-Time Efficient Analog Rotation) architecture, tailored to reconfigurable neutral-atom arrays.
For structured tasks such as simulating quantum materials and non-equilibrium many-body dynamics, the scheme performs the needed small-angle rotations directly and transversally, bypassing magic-state distillation and discrete gate synthesis, and yielding execution speed-ups of up to ~250× over conventional fault-tolerant approaches. Integrating high-rate qLDPC codes (such as a [[32, 2, 4]] toric variant) whose internal symmetries align with the simulated lattice pushes the required physical footprint down to roughly 1,500–3,000 qubits — versus about 10,000–15,000 for the surface-code version — while keeping the speed advantage. The paper is led by co-first authors Refaat Ismail (QuEra) and I-Chi Chen (Los Alamos National Laboratory), with co-authors including Fangli Liu, Hengyun Zhou, Sheng-Tao Wang and Milan Kornjača (QuEra) and Andrew Sornborger (LANL). Published in PRX Quantum; preprint on arXiv.
Journal article / 論文: R. Ismail, I-C. Chen, … S.-T. Wang, A. Sornborger & M. Kornjača, “Transversal architecture for megaquop-scale quantum simulation with neutral atoms,” PRX Quantum (2026); preprint arXiv:2509.18294
Source / 出典: Quantum Computing Report (2026-06)「QuEra and Los Alamos National Laboratory Introduce Transversal STAR Architecture」
Keywords: QuEra, Los Alamos National Laboratory, ロスアラモス国立研究所, transversal STAR, fault-tolerant quantum computing, 誤り耐性量子計算, magic state distillation, 魔法状態蒸留, qLDPC codes, qLDPC符号, neutral atoms, 中性原子, quantum simulation, 量子シミュレーション, megaquop, メガクオップ, logical qubits, 論理量子ビット, Hamiltonian simulation, ハミルトニアンシミュレーション, PRX Quantum, 量子コンピュータ, 物理学, physics
The nonlinear Hall effect (NLHE) is a quantum transport phenomenon in which a voltage appears perpendicular to an applied alternating current even with no magnetic field — and, crucially, it can rectify, converting an AC drive directly into DC output without the diodes and junctions a conventional rectifier needs. That makes it attractive for harvesting ambient electromagnetic energy (Wi-Fi and other radio-frequency fields arrive as oscillations) to power devices without batteries.
An international team led by Prof. Dongchen Qi (Queensland University of Technology) and Prof. Xiao Renshaw Wang (Nanyang Technological University) studied the NLHE in the well-known topological insulator bismuth telluride (Bi₂Te₃) and disentangled which microscopic mechanisms control it: impurity scattering dominates at low temperature, while lattice vibrations (phonon scattering) take over as the material warms, with the rectified output able to strengthen and even reverse direction near ~230 K. This temperature tunability is a step toward designing compact, room-temperature AC-to-DC energy harvesters and self-powered sensors. Published in Newton (Cell Press, 2026), DOI: 10.1016/j.newton.2026.100410. (Primary coverage of this study appeared in February 2026, with continued attention into mid-2026.)
Journal article / 論文: D. Qi, X. R. Wang et al., "Unraveling scattering contributions to the nonlinear Hall effect in topological insulator Bi₂Te₃," Newton (2026). DOI: 10.1016/j.newton.2026.100410
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org「Quantum effect could power the next generation of battery-free devices」
Keywords: nonlinear Hall effect, 非線形ホール効果, NLHE, battery-free, 電池レス, バッテリー不要, energy harvesting, エネルギーハーベスティング, AC-DC conversion, AC-DC変換, rectification, 整流, wireless rectification, 無線整流, topological insulator, トポロジカル絶縁体, bismuth telluride, テルル化ビスマス, Bi2Te3, phonon scattering, フォノン散乱, QUT, Nanyang Technological University, Newton, condensed matter physics, 物性物理学, 物理学, physics
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