Physics News — July 2026
2026年7月の最新研究・発見(全168件) 最終更新 / Last updated: — 査読論文・一次ソース付き / Peer-reviewed, with primary sources —
📰 2026年7月 のニュース / July 2026 (全168件)
2026年7月(July 2026)に発表・注目された基礎物理学の最新ニュースと研究解説。一次ソース(DOI・arXiv・機関発表)付きで月内の項目を掲載しています。Recent physics news and research explanations from July 2026, with primary sources.
On Saturday, 27 June 2026, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) — the world’s most powerful particle accelerator — dumped its final beams, ending an operational era that began with first collisions in 2009 and included the 2012 discovery of the Higgs boson. On 29 June the machine formally entered Long Shutdown 3 (LS3).
LS3 is CERN’s most extensive intervention on its accelerator complex since the LHC was built. Over the next ~4 years, more than 1.2 km of magnets and components will be removed and replaced to transform the collider into the High-Luminosity LHC (HiLumi LHC). When it restarts — the accelerator complex gradually coming back from 2028 and HiLumi physics beginning around 2030 — the upgrade aims to raise the luminosity (collision rate) by up to a factor of ten, enabling precision studies of the Higgs boson and sharper searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. The ATLAS and CMS detectors, which can currently resolve roughly 60 proton–proton collisions per bunch crossing, are being rebuilt to handle 140–200. CERN’s other accelerators keep running until the end of August before entering their own shutdown, and thousands of researchers will continue analysing the vast LHC Run 1–3 datasets throughout the pause. Announced by CERN.
The Hong–Ou–Mandel (HOM) effect is a hallmark of quantum indistinguishability: when two identical bosons meet at a 50:50 beam splitter, they leave together through the same port and never split. First seen with photon pairs in 1987, it underpins quantum information and metrology. Extending it to many massive particles has been hard, because photonic platforms suffer loss and atomic counting must be nearly perfect.
Martin Quensen, Mareike Hetzel, Luis Santos, Carsten Klempt and colleagues (German Aerospace Center, DLR, and Leibniz University Hannover) demonstrate HOM interference with up to 12 indistinguishable neutral atoms in a system with negligible loss and single-particle-resolving detection (counting uncertainty around 0.2 atoms). From high-fidelity twin-Fock states they observe the defining many-particle signatures — parity oscillations, a bunching envelope and genuine multipartite entanglement — and use the generated states to reach metrological sensitivity scaling at the Heisenberg limit. The result establishes a scalable, low-loss atomic platform for multiparticle interferometry and precision measurement. Published in Nature Physics.
At very low temperatures, quantum particles usually organize themselves by strict rules: fermions fill available energy levels up to a sharp edge, forming the familiar Fermi sea. Researchers now show that a driven quantum system can settle into a “fractional Fermi sea” — a state that keeps the sharp boundary but whose interior levels are only partially filled, so that order and excitation coexist.
A team from the Nagerl group (University of Innsbruck) with theorist Alvise Bastianello (CNRS / Universite Paris-Dauphine) used ultracold cesium atoms confined to one dimension and repeatedly cycled the interaction strength between strongly repulsive and strongly attractive regimes. Instead of simply heating the gas, this far-from-equilibrium drive reorganizes the atoms into a long-lived, highly ordered non-equilibrium state whose correlations go beyond Tomonaga–Luttinger liquid theory, a cornerstone description of one-dimensional quantum matter. The work provides the theoretical foundation for accompanying cold-atom experiments and offers a tunable critical phase for quantum simulation of correlated, non-equilibrium many-body physics. Published in Physical Review Letters (news coverage cresting at the turn of July 2026).
Squeezed states redistribute quantum or thermal noise in phase space so that fluctuations in one variable fall below the standard level, at the cost of increased noise in the conjugate variable. Squeezing is central to precision measurement, but realizing and characterizing it in magnetic media had remained largely unexplored.
Tomosato Hioki, Kaito Tojo and colleagues (University of Tokyo) demonstrate single-mode thermal squeezing of magnetization dynamics in a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) film using microwave parametric excitation, driving the magnon noise below its thermal level. They also observe two-mode thermal squeezing: correlated fluctuations of magnons localized on the top and bottom surfaces of the film across a macroscopic distance. Controlling thermal squeezing in a magnetic system sheds light on the fluctuation dynamics of magnetic order and marks a step toward observing quantum effects in magnetic films — useful for low-noise spin-based sensing and information technology. Published (open access) in Nature Physics; News & Views coverage appeared 30 June 2026.
Topological defects — points or lines where an ordered pattern cannot smoothly align — shape the collective behaviour of anisotropic materials, including living matter. In two dimensions their biological roles are known, but whether three-dimensional polar defects matter for biology, and how their configurations are controlled, had been unclear.
Using a liquid-crystal-based model and experiments, researchers report a charge-preserving transition between 3D defect configurations that is driven by the geometry of the confining boundary and is independent of material parameters. Strikingly, in the mouse embryo the three-dimensional polar defects mark the sites where fluid-filled lumina form — essential structures for subsequent development. When the team experimentally perturbed embryo shape beyond the predicted transition point, additional lumen-initiation sites appeared near the predicted defect locations, confirming the causal link. The work ties fundamental liquid-crystal physics to embryonic development. Published in Nature Materials, with a companion Nature Physics News & Views (30 June 2026).
Note: this item is a preprint that has drawn attention at the turn of July 2026. It proposes a correspondence and includes a small five-qubit proof-of-principle demonstration — it is not a proof of the Riemann Hypothesis.
The Riemann Hypothesis (RH) — that all nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function lie on the critical line — is one of mathematics’ deepest open problems. The century-old Hilbert–Polya conjecture suggests those zeros might be eigenvalues of some unknown quantum operator. This work proposes a physical footing for that idea: the authors construct engineered quantum many-body systems, initialize them in thermal equilibrium, and quench them with tailored interaction Hamiltonians so that the zeta function’s structure is imprinted on measurable observables. They argue that the nontrivial zeros correspond to critical points of dynamical quantum phase transitions (DQPTs) — nonanalytic points in the time evolution — in two distinct constructed models, and describe a scheme to probe even large Riemann zeros. If borne out, the framework would recast an abstract number-theory conjecture as a question about non-equilibrium quantum dynamics. Preprint (arXiv:2511.11199).
Neutrinos are among the least understood elementary particles: electrically neutral, nearly massless, and interacting so weakly that trillions pass through your body every second. Their tiny masses lie beyond the Standard Model, and one of the field’s biggest open questions is the neutrino mass ordering — whether the third mass state is the heaviest (“normal”) or the lightest (“inverted”).
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) — a 20,000-tonne liquid-scintillator sphere buried ~700 m underground in Guangdong, China, about 52.5 km from the Yangjiang and Taishan reactors and led by the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences — has published its first physics result as a Nature cover article. Using just 59 days of data (26 August – 2 November 2025), the collaboration simultaneously determined two oscillation parameters to record precision: sin²θ₁₂ = 0.3092 ± 0.0087 and Δm²₂₁ = (7.50 ± 0.12) × 10⁻⁵ eV² (normal-ordering scenario), improving the precision by a factor of 1.6 over the combination of all previous measurements. The rapid, world-leading result validates JUNO’s detector design and analysis and confirms its readiness for its primary goal — resolving the mass ordering with a larger dataset. Published in Nature, 10 June 2026.
A Schrödinger-cat state places a system into a superposition of two distinct components. The textbook version uses coherent states — wave packets that behave as classically as quantum mechanics allows — displaced in opposite directions in phase space. Such cats are central to quantum technology, including bosonic error-correcting codes that protect information in a single oscillator.
Researchers at the University of Oxford demonstrated a way to build cat states from a broad family of components that are themselves highly nonclassical, rather than near-classical coherent states. Working with the motional (oscillator) mode of a single trapped ion, they created superpositions of squeezed and trisqueezed states: the reconstructed Wigner function shows sixfold rotational symmetry and regions of Wigner negativity, a direct signature of nonclassical quantum interference. They also realized squeezed-cat states whose positional variance is simultaneously larger and smaller than the Heisenberg limit along orthogonal axes — a class proposed earlier but never before realized. Because such states are exactly the resource that squeezed-cat bosonic codes require, the work opens a practical path toward more resilient quantum computers. Published in Physical Review X, 3 June 2026.
Quantum entanglement is usually seen only in tiny, carefully isolated systems — single atoms, molecules or photons. Whether a macroscopic chunk of matter, made of an astronomical number of particles, can show a direct glimpse of the quantum world has been a deep open question. Strange metals — exotic, strongly correlated states whose electrical resistance rises linearly with temperature, defying ordinary metal theory — are a prime suspect for hosting such collective quantum behaviour.
A team from TU Wien, the University of Würzburg and Rice University (building on a theoretical idea from Peter Zoller’s group in Innsbruck) reported strong multipartite entanglement in a centimetre-sized crystal of the heavy-fermion compound Ce₃Pd₂₀Si₆. Rather than measuring entanglement directly, they extracted the quantum Fisher information (QFI) from the crystal’s dynamical spin response, measured by cold-neutron scattering on the ThALES spectrometer at the ILL down to 60 millikelvin. At the material’s field-induced quantum critical point (about 1.73 tesla), tied to the breakdown of Kondo screening, the QFI grows sharply and witnesses at least nine-partite entanglement, with dynamical scaling exponent 0.88 ± 0.02. The result ties strong entanglement directly to strange-metal behaviour — a general principle rather than a quirk of one compound. Published in Nature Physics, 15 June 2026.
Note: this item is a theoretical proposal, not an experimental detection.
For nearly a century physicists recognized two kinds of magnets: ferromagnets (ordinary fridge magnets) and antiferromagnets (magnetism hidden at the atomic scale). Within the last decade a third class, altermagnets, was proposed — combining useful features of both and promising faster, more energy-efficient spintronics. More than 200 candidate materials are predicted, but confirming altermagnetism experimentally is hard.
Physicists at the University at Buffalo and Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz (whose researchers first proposed altermagnets) describe a quantum-sensing scheme to identify them. A single magnetic defect in diamond — a nitrogen atom beside a missing carbon (an NV-type spin) — is placed near a suspected altermagnet. Because altermagnetic order produces a distinctive, direction-dependent spin texture, it makes the defect’s spin signal relax differently along different directions. Reading that anisotropic relaxation gives a telltale, minimally invasive signature of altermagnetism, without significantly disturbing the sample. Published in Physical Review Letters (2026).
🔬 / 欧州初の「超伝導TES型X線分光器」がBESSY IIで稼働——25ミリケルビンで動作する248個の超伝導遷移端センサ(TES)を用い、従来のXES/RIXS分光器より光子検出効率を最大1000倍に向上。これまで数時間かかった測定を数分に短縮し、原子1層の薄膜や希薄試料の電子状態研究を可能にする(HZB・MPI-CEC・NIST共同、Review of Scientific Instruments・2026年6月)
Synchrotron techniques such as X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) reveal a material’s electronic structure, but they are extremely photon-hungry — so far largely limited to concentrated, bulk samples.
A collaboration of HZB (Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin), MPI-CEC and NIST has commissioned Europe’s first and only superconducting transition-edge-sensor (TES) array X-ray spectrometer at a synchrotron, on the BESSY II UE52-SGM beamline. Its 248 sensors become superconducting when cooled below 25 millikelvin (via a He⁴–He³ dilution refrigerator, like those used for quantum computers); an incoming photon briefly heats a sensor, quenching superconductivity and producing a sharp resistance change read out by SQUIDs. The instrument detects photons 100–1000× more efficiently than conventional wavelength-dispersive spectrometers, turning measurements that once took hours into minutes and opening up atomically thin layers, nanostructures and highly dilute samples with full polarization control. Reported in Review of Scientific Instruments, June 2026.
HZB(ヘルムホルツ・センター・ベルリン)・MPI-CEC・NISTの共同研究チームが、放射光施設としては欧州初かつ唯一の超伝導遷移端センサ(TES)アレイX線分光器を、BESSY IIのUE52-SGMビームラインで稼働させた。248個のセンサは25ミリケルビン以下に冷やすと超伝導になり(量子コンピュータと同様のヘリウム4–ヘリウム3希釈冷凍機を使用)、入射した光子が瞬間的にセンサを加熱して超伝導を壊し、生じる抵抗変化をSQUIDで読み取る。この装置は従来の波長分散型分光器より光子検出効率が100〜1000倍高く、数時間かかっていた測定を数分に短縮する。原子1層の薄膜・ナノ構造・極めて希薄な試料の研究を、完全な偏光制御のもとで可能にする。Review of Scientific Instruments、2026年6月報告。
Pinning down string theory as an inevitable consequence of physical principles has long been a goal of the “string universality” program. In a new result, Clifford Cheung (Caltech), Grant N. Remmen (NYU), Francesco Sciotti (IFAE / BIST, Barcelona) and Michele Tarquini (Caltech) argue that string theory emerges from remarkably few assumptions about scattering amplitudes.
Requiring only that tree-level four-point amplitudes have vanishing residues at prescribed values of the momentum transfer (the sparsest “minimal zeros” the equations allow), together with ultrasoft high-energy behaviour, they prove that the space of minimally consistent amplitudes collapses uniquely onto the celebrated Veneziano and Virasoro–Shapiro amplitudes of string theory. The full stringy structure — including the infinite tower of massive higher-spin states that form the string’s “harmonics” — drops out automatically, and similar logic extends to five-point scattering. Building on their 2024 bootstrap (Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 251601) but with weaker assumptions, the work sharpens the case that string theory may be all but unavoidable. Published in Physical Review Letters (22 June 2026).
弦理論を「物理原理から必然的に導かれるもの」として示すことは、「弦理論の普遍性(string universality)」と呼ばれる研究の長年の目標だった。今回、Clifford Cheung(カリフォルニア工科大学)、Grant N. Remmen(ニューヨーク大学)、Francesco Sciotti(バルセロナ IFAE/BIST)、Michele Tarquini(カリフォルニア工科大学)は、散乱振幅についてごく少数の仮定だけから弦理論が立ち上がることを論じた。
ツリーレベルの4点振幅が所定の運動量移行の値で留数を持たないこと(=方程式が許す最小限の「ゼロ」しか持たない)と、高エネルギーで“超軟らか”に振る舞うことだけを要求すると、許される最小の振幅が弦理論のヴェネツィアーノ振幅とヴィラソロ・シャピロ振幅に一意に収束することを証明した。弦に特徴的な構造——質量を持つ高スピン粒子の無限の塔(弦の“倍音”)——も自動的に現れ、同様の論理は5点散乱にも及ぶ。2024年の彼らのブートストラップ(Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 251601)を、より弱い仮定へと洗練させた成果で、弦理論がほとんど避けられないものかもしれない、という主張を一段と強める。Physical Review Letters掲載(2026年6月22日)。
TeV-energy cosmic rays were generally assumed to be immune to solar activity, and their large-scale anisotropy was thought to be constant in time. Using the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) at 4410 m in Sichuan, China, the collaboration reports the first observation of a transient large-scale anisotropy in TeV cosmic-ray ions.
The trigger was the passage of an interplanetary shock and coronal mass ejection (ICME) carrying a magnetic flux rope on 4 November 2021. Analysing hourly sky-maps across four energy ranges (median energies 0.7–3.1 TeV), the team sees anisotropy exceeding normal hourly fluctuations at >5σ significance, strongest just before the flux rope’s leading edge arrived, with reduced flux from directions toward the outer heliosphere. They attribute this to enhanced scattering of cosmic rays passing through magnetic turbulence in the ICME’s sheath region. In other words, TeV cosmic rays can remotely probe a storm’s magnetic structure — a potential new handle for space-weather forecasting as more air-shower arrays come online worldwide. Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 251002 (26 June 2026).
Photon loss is the central obstacle in long-distance quantum communication: send single photons directly down a lossy fibre and only a small fraction survive, undermining loophole-free Bell tests and device-independent quantum key distribution. Quantum teleportation could, in principle, beat this — but in practice, teleporting a single photon with a higher survival probability than direct transmission had remained out of reach.
Li-Chao Peng, Dian Wu, Jian-Wei Pan and colleagues (University of Science and Technology of China) demonstrate an all-optical scheme for the remote preparation of entangled photons that reaches an 82% heralding efficiency for event-ready entangled pairs through a lossy channel. Having distributed entanglement in this way, they then show teleportation-based transmission with a nearly threefold enhancement in efficiency over direct transmission — an unconditional advantage of teleportation over simply sending the photon. The result marks a concrete step toward loss-tolerant quantum networks. Published in Nature Physics (23 June 2026).
In fractional quantum Hall (FQH) liquids, geometric (“quantum-metric”) theories predict chiral graviton modes — spin-2 neutral excitations that are condensed-matter analogues of gravitons, arising as the long-wavelength limit of the magnetoroton. After the first such mode was seen at filling factor ν = 1/3 (Nature, 2024), the question was whether these modes could reveal the deeper “parton” structure of FQH states.
Zihao Yang, Yifan Wang, Lingjie Du and colleagues (Nanjing University) now use inelastic scattering of circularly polarized light to observe multiple chiral graviton modes at additional filling factors. At ν = 2/9 several gravitons share the same chirality, and in the gapless, Fermi-liquid-like state at ν = 1/4 a high-energy graviton persists as a gapped chiral excitation. These patterns identify the chiral gravitons as geometrical excitations of the underlying partons — the fractionalized constituents in the parton construction of FQH states — giving direct spectroscopic evidence for the parton description of the quantum Hall effect. Published (open access) in Nature Physics (22 June 2026).
Electrons floating on the surface of superfluid helium are an appealing but hard-to-read qubit platform: they are exceptionally well isolated from noise, yet single-electron quantum measurement had remained elusive.
Gerwin Koolstra, Elena O. Glen, Johannes Pollanen and colleagues (EeroQ Corporation) demonstrate, for the first time, strong coupling between a single microwave-cavity photon and the quantized motional state of one electron on helium, using a hybrid circuit-QED device that pairs a quantum dot with a high-impedance superconducting resonator. The measured coupling strength, g/2π = 118 MHz, exceeds both the electron’s motional decoherence and the resonator’s loss — placing the system firmly in the strong-coupling regime. This opens a route to single-electron spin-qubit readout via spin–orbit hybridization techniques already used in semiconductor devices, and to studying light–matter interaction at the single-electron level. Published in Nature Physics (15 June 2026).
At gaps of a few hundred nanometres, radiative heat transfer can exceed the far-field blackbody limit by orders of magnitude, because evanescent surface waves — surface phonon polaritons — tunnel across the gap. Theory long suggested that metamaterials could push this near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) even further, but experimental proof was missing.
Zexiao Wang, Shanhui Fan (Stanford), Sheng Shen (Carnegie Mellon) and colleagues, with Purdue, pattern gold split-ring resonators on silicon-nitride (SiN) membranes and bring two such surfaces face-to-face across a nanoscale gap. The resonators’ electromagnetic modes couple strongly to the SiN’s surface phonon polaritons, enhancing heat transfer several-fold — compared with unstructured gold plates, and without exotic materials. It is one of the clearest demonstrations yet that heat flow can be engineered much like light or electricity, pointing toward contact-free chip cooling and more efficient waste-heat harvesting (thermophotovoltaics). Published in Nature 654, 64–68 (online 27 May 2026; widely reported 8 June 2026).
🔀 / フォノンの“一方通行”量子同期を提案——サニャック効果とマグノン・カー効果を組み合わせ、光や磁場を一方向から加えたときだけフォノンが同期し、逆向きでは同期しない非相反な量子同期を理論的に実現。作製誤差や熱雑音に強いのが特長(Lai・Miranowicz・Nori/理化学研究所、Nature Communications掲載。RIKEN Research Highlight 2026年4月)
“Nonreciprocal” components act like one-way streets — letting signals pass in one direction while strongly blocking the other — and are staples of microwave and optical technology. Yet nonreciprocal quantum synchronization of phonons (quanta of vibration), one of the most natural nonreciprocal quantum resources, had gone unexplored.
Deng-Gao Lai, Adam Miranowicz and Franco Nori (RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing) propose the first scheme for it. By combining two effects — the Sagnac effect (from a spinning silica microsphere) and the magnon-Kerr effect (in a YIG sphere) — phonons synchronize when light or a magnetic field is applied from one direction but not from the other. Strikingly, the scheme is robust: thanks to a magnon-Kerr-induced transition, synchronization survives the fabrication imperfections and thermal noise that would derail earlier proposals. The work charts a route from “fragile” to robust one-way quantum resources for signal routing and quantum information. Published in Nature Communications 16, 8491 (2025); featured as a RIKEN Research Highlight in April 2026 and widely covered in June 2026.
Borophene — the boron analogue of graphene — has long been predicted to host unusual electronic states, but a free-standing boron honeycomb sheet is intrinsically unstable and extremely hard to make.
A collaboration between Tohoku University (AIMR), OIST, the Institute for Molecular Science, KEK, QST, Niigata University and RIKEN CEMS took the opposite approach: rather than growing borophene, they extracted it from inside a stable three-dimensional crystal, LaRh3B2, whose structure already contains boron honeycomb layers. Cleaving the crystal exposes such a layer at the surface. Angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) measurements revealed a van Hove singularity — an energy at which the electronic density of states piles up — sitting close to the Fermi level, a condition that typically favours superconductivity, magnetism and other correlated phases. Scanning tunnelling microscopy further revealed an electronic nematic state, in which the nominally sixfold-symmetric electron distribution spontaneously selects a preferred direction, breaking the lattice symmetry. The result offers a general design strategy: build unstable two-dimensional materials inside robust three-dimensional hosts and then unveil them. Published in Science Advances on 2 July 2026.
🕳️ / ホーキングの「ブラックホール熱力学」を、平衡からいくらでも遠い“動くブラックホール”へ拡張——事象の地平面ではなく「力学的地平面(DHS)」の面積をエントロピーと見なすことで、形成・合体・蒸発といった有限の変化にも第一法則が成り立つと示す(Ashtekar・Paraizo・Shu、ペンシルベニア州立大、Phys. Rev. Lett. 編集者推薦)
In the early 1970s Bardeen, Carter and Hawking found that black holes obey relations strikingly parallel to the laws of thermodynamics, with horizon area playing the role of entropy. But those textbook laws describe stationary black holes — they are, strictly speaking, laws of black-hole statics. Real black holes form, swallow matter, merge and evaporate.
Abhay Ashtekar, Daniel E. Paraizo and Jonathan Shu (Penn State) have now extended the first law to black holes that can be arbitrarily far from equilibrium. Instead of the globally defined, teleological event horizon — whose location depends on the entire future of the spacetime — they work with quasi-local dynamical horizon segments (DHSs). Their first law refers to finite changes caused by actual physical processes at the horizon, and combines with the generalized second law on DHSs to identify black-hole entropy with the area of marginally trapped surfaces rather than of the event horizon. The new entropy measure ties more directly to a black hole’s spin and energy. The Letter appeared in Physical Review Letters as an Editors’ Suggestion (published 24 June 2026), with a longer companion paper in General Relativity and Gravitation; Penn State publicised the work on 2 July 2026.
Dark matter makes up about 85% of the matter in the Universe, yet its nature is unknown. Axions — hypothetical light particles — are a leading candidate, and theory predicts they can convert into photons in a strong magnetic field. But existing axion haloscopes rely on mechanically tuned cavities, which makes some mass ranges hard to reach.
A team at Rice University (first author Jaanita Mehrani, with co-corresponding author Junichiro Kono) proposes a detector called SQWARE (Semiconductor Quantum Well Axion Radiometer Experiment). It uses stacks of ultrathin semiconductor layers — multiple quantum wells — that trap electrons into two-dimensional sheets behaving like a plasma. In a magnetic field, axions convert into photons whose signal is enhanced by this plasma response, and the detector is tuned by varying the magnetic field rather than mechanically. This opens access to meV-scale axion masses that have been difficult to explore with current technologies. Published in Physical Review Letters.
The Galactic Center Excess (GCE) is a roughly spherical glow of gamma rays around the Milky Way’s centre that has puzzled physicists for over a decade. Two explanations compete: self-annihilating dark matter, or a large population of millisecond pulsars. Previous statistical analyses generally favoured pulsars — but they overlooked one key piece of information: the energy of each detected photon.
An international collaboration between the University of Vienna and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Florian List and colleagues) trained a machine-learning system on more than one million simulated gamma-ray observations, incorporating photon-energy information. Their analysis finds that the pulsar hypothesis would require at least 35,000 sources at the Galactic Centre — far more than the few hundred to few thousand assumed in some earlier studies — weakening one of the strongest arguments against dark matter. The team stresses this is not proof of dark matter, but shows it is too early to rule it out. Published in Physical Review Letters.
銀河中心過剰放射(Galactic Center Excess, GCE)は、天の川銀河の中心付近に広がるほぼ球状のガンマ線の“もや”で、10年以上にわたり物理学者を悩ませてきた。有力な説は2つ——自己消滅する暗黒物質か、多数のミリ秒パルサーか。従来の統計解析は概してパルサー説に有利だったが、重要な情報を見落としていた。検出された光子1個ごとのエネルギーである。
Quarks come in six flavours and bind into mesons (pairs) and baryons (triplets). Sixty years ago, as the quark structure of matter emerged, theorists built classification schemes that predicted as-yet-undiscovered particles — including “doubly charmed” baryons carrying two charm quarks.
At the Beauty 2026 conference in Maastricht, the LHCb Collaboration at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider announced the observation of the Ωcc⁺ baryon — two charm quarks plus one strange quark, with a mass around 3727 MeV/c², roughly four times the proton’s. It appears as a peak in the Ωc⁰π⁺ mass spectrum from 2024 collision data. With this, LHCb completes the family of doubly charmed baryons: the Ξcc⁺⁺ (2017), the Ξcc⁺ (earlier in 2026), and now the Ωcc⁺. Among the roughly 85 composite particles found at the LHC, these three are unique in that they decay by the weak force and live long enough to leave measurable flight distances. Announced by CERN / LHCb.
Many quantum technologies rely on single quantum emitters — atoms or molecules that interact strongly with light — for single photons, quantum memory and entanglement. To study them one at a time, they must be held in place, usually by trapping in vacuum or embedding in a bulk crystal. Molecules adsorbed on a surface would be far more accessible, but surface contaminants had always broadened their spectra below the ultimate limit.
Vahid Sandoghdar’s group at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light (first authors Masoud Mirzaei and Alexey Shkarin) reports Fourier-limited electronic transitions of single dibenzoterrylene (DBT) molecules on an anthracene crystal surface — the first time surface-adsorbed molecules reach the quantum limit where the linewidth is set only by the excited-state lifetime (a nano–electron-volt scale). The trick: an organic crystal that self-cleans by slow evaporation, combined with spectroscopy and super-resolution microscopy at liquid-helium temperature. This opens combined angstrom-scale spatial and high-resolution spectral studies of surfaces. Published in Science.
In everyday life you cannot combine two cups of warm water into one cup of boiling water — but in the quantum world, two low-energy photons can merge into one higher-energy photon. This photon upconversion via triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) turns visible light into ultraviolet, but efficient solid-state versions had been elusive: solids need molecules packed close enough to transfer triplet energy yet far enough apart to avoid quenching.
A Kyushu University team (Naoyuki Harada, Yoichi Sasaki, Nobuo Kimizuka and colleagues) solved this with dihydroindeno[2,1-a]indene derivatives bearing alkyl chains above and below the π-plane, which precisely set the spacing between neighbouring molecules. By combining high solid-state emission with efficient triplet energy transfer, and paired with a donor, the material reaches 1.9% visible-to-UV upconversion efficiency under ordinary sunlight-level intensity (a few mW/cm²). Because sunlight contains only a few percent UV, such materials could boost UV-driven photocatalysis (for example water splitting) and solar energy use. Published in Nature Communications.
Semiconductor quantum dots are prime single-photon sources for quantum technology, but their coherent Rabi oscillations are damped by coupling to lattice vibrations (phonons). Because the phonon spectral density is non-monotonic in energy, theory predicted back in 2007 (Vagov et al.) that at sufficiently high driving power the damping should weaken and the Rabi rotations should reappear — an effect that had lived only in idealized models.
Physicists at Paderborn University (Lukas Hanschke, Klaus D. Jöns and colleagues, with theory from TU Dortmund and dots grown at Johannes Kepler University Linz) have now demonstrated this reappearance experimentally in a resonantly driven GaAs quantum dot. As the pulse power increases, the phonon-damped oscillations recover, confirming the long-standing prediction and signalling high coherence and precise optical control — a step toward scalable quantum applications. Published in Physical Review Letters.
Magnons — quanta of spin waves in magnetic materials — are attractive building blocks for hybrid quantum systems: they naturally couple to phonons, photons and superconducting qubits, and their nanometre wavelengths could shrink circuits to smartphone-chip scale. Their drawback has been a very short lifetime, at most a few hundred nanoseconds — far too brief for practical quantum computation.
An international team led by Andrii Chumak at the University of Vienna (experiment by Rostyslav Serha) extended magnon lifetimes roughly a hundredfold, to as long as 18 microseconds — comparable to the coherence of the transmon superconducting qubits used in today’s processors. The keys were using short-wavelength dipole-exchange magnons (naturally less sensitive to surface defects) in ultra-pure YIG at low temperature. Crucially, they found the limit is set not by fundamental physics but by material quality, pointing toward even longer lifetimes and, ultimately, quantum processors the size of a one-cent coin. Published in Science Advances (1 May 2026; widely re-reported in late June 2026).
The geometry of quantum states — quantified by objects like the Berry phase — underlies phenomena from electrical conductivity to superconductivity. Extending these ideas to non-Hermitian quantum mechanics, where a system exchanges energy with its environment, is subtle: the non-Hermitian Berry phase can be complex, and its imaginary part governs amplification or decay of the wave intensity. Which genuinely new geometric effects appear had been unclear.
Tomoki Ozawa (Advanced Institute for Materials Research, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University) and Henning Schomerus (Lancaster University) show that when a non-Hermitian system has certain symmetries, such as reciprocity, the geometric contribution to adiabatic amplification becomes path-independent — depending only on the ratio of the Petermann factors at the start and end points. The Petermann factor, a static measure of how non-orthogonal a system’s eigenstates are, thus directly controls the amplification, offering a practical route to measure this experimentally challenging quantity. Published in Physical Review Research; highlighted by AIMR in June 2026.
Hawking radiation — the quantum emission of particles at a black hole’s event horizon — connects gravity with quantum mechanics and thermodynamics, and the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy has long been a benchmark for candidate theories of quantum gravity. But it has never been observed in astronomy, only in laboratory analogues. A basic question remained open: exactly how the quanta of a field give rise to Hawking quanta, and how that emission reacts back on the field that produces it.
Lorenzo M. Procopio, Raúl Agüero-Santacruz, David Bermúdez and Ulf Leonhardt (Paderborn University’s Institute for Photonic Quantum Systems, the Weizmann Institute of Science, and Cinvestav in Mexico) report experimental and theoretical evidence for the process that generates Hawking radiation in a fibre-optical analogue of an event horizon. Where the emission had been thought to arise from a complicated, cascaded process, the team finds a simple, direct process — and, crucially, measures its backreaction on the optical pump (a small frequency shift of the pump, together with an emerging sideband structure). Simplifying the theory this way opens new routes to calculate effects in analogue systems and, the authors suggest, may even shed light on how Hawking radiation arises in gravity itself. Published in Nature (online 1 July 2026).
Lorenzo M. Procopio、Raúl Agüero-Santacruz、David Bermúdez、Ulf Leonhardt(独パーダーボルン大学・光量子システム研究所/イスラエル・ワイツマン科学研究所/メキシコCinvestav)は、光ファイバーで作った事象の地平面のアナログで、ホーキング放射を生み出す過程の実験・理論的証拠を報告した。これまで複雑な“連鎖的”過程と考えられてきたが、実際には単純で直接的な過程であることを見いだし、さらにその放射がポンプ光に及ぼすバックリアクション(ポンプ光のわずかな周波数シフトと、それに伴うサイドバンド構造の出現)を測定した。理論を単純化する本成果は、アナログ系での効果を計算する新しい道を開き、著者らによれば、重力そのものにおけるホーキング放射の生成機構の理解にもつながりうるという。Natureに掲載(オンライン公開2026年7月1日)。
🧮 / 量子コンピュータで「ハドロン化(クォークの結合)」を初シミュレーション——IBMの156量子ビット機Heronの104量子ビットを用い、素粒子物理の難問「弦の破断(ストリング・ブレイキング)」を再現。重いクォーク近似+スケーラブルな変分回路で、従来の古典スパコン結果と一致(Ciavarella/米ローレンス・バークレー国立研究所、Phys. Rev. D 111, 054501・2025年。2026年6月末にバークレー研が改めて発表し再注目)
Hadronization — the process by which quarks bind through the strong force into composite particles such as protons and neutrons — happens immediately after collisions at machines like the LHC and is notoriously hard to compute from first principles on classical computers. Being able to simulate it directly would sharpen searches for physics beyond the Standard Model.
Anthony N. Ciavarella (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), accessing an IBM quantum computer through the U.S. Department of Energy’s Quantum Computer User Program (QCUP) at Oak Ridge, used 104 of the 156 qubits on IBM’s Heron processor to simulate string breaking — the mechanism in which the gluon “string” between quarks stretches and snaps, creating a new quark–antiquark pair — within a simplified, one-dimensional, heavy-quark model. Using a scalable “concurrent variational” circuit method he co-developed, the simulation reproduced earlier classical-supercomputer results and even hinted that part of the gluon string may behave like a finite-temperature gas (“gasification”) before separating. It is one of the larger digital quantum simulations of a particle-physics process to date and a concrete step toward using quantum computers to make predictions for collider physics. Published in Physical Review D (2025); the result was highlighted anew by Berkeley Lab at the end of June 2026.
Anthony N. Ciavarella(米ローレンス・バークレー国立研究所)は、米エネルギー省の量子コンピュータ利用プログラム(QCUP、オークリッジ)経由でIBMの量子コンピュータにアクセスし、156量子ビット機「Heron」の104量子ビットを使って、簡略化した1次元・重いクォーク近似のモデルで「弦の破断(ストリング・ブレイキング)」——クォーク間のグルーオンの“弦”が伸びて切れ、新しいクォーク・反クォーク対が生まれる機構——をシミュレートした。自ら共同開発した“スケーラブルな並行変分”回路法を用いることで、従来の古典スパコンの結果を再現し、さらに弦の一部が分裂前に有限温度のガスのように振る舞う(“ガス化”)可能性も示唆した。素粒子過程の量子シミュレーションとしては現時点で最大級で、加速器物理の予測に量子計算を使うための具体的な一歩となる。Physical Review D(2025年)に掲載され、2026年6月末にバークレー研が改めて発表したことで再び注目を集めた。
Superconductors carry current with zero resistance, but the ones we know were mostly found by chance, and identifying new ones is like searching for a needle in an essentially infinite haystack of possible compounds. A route to screen that space quickly would accelerate the long-sought goal of a room-temperature superconductor.
An international team from the SuperC consortium — led by Päivi Törmä (Aalto University) with synthesis led by Emilia Morosan (Rice University), and collaborators at Princeton, Ruhr University Bochum and the Donostia International Physics Center — used machine-learning-based prescreening followed by targeted first-principles calculations to predict, and then experimentally confirm, bulk superconductivity in two kagome-lattice compounds: YRu₃B₂ (Tc ≈ 0.81 K) and LuRu₃B₂ (Tc ≈ 0.95 K). Both crystallize in the hexagonal CeCo₃B₂-type structure, show nearly 100% superconducting volume fractions, and derive their superconductivity from electrons in flat bands of the Ru kagome network. The authors say the pipeline could eventually screen up to billions of candidate materials. Published in Physical Review Research (17 June 2026).
Gravitational waves — ripples in spacetime from colliding black holes and neutron stars — were first detected in 2015. A decade on, gravitational-wave astronomy has become statistical astronomy: when the detectors are running, they now pick up three to four signals every week.
The LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA (LVK) collaboration has released the Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalogue 5.0 (GWTC-5), adding 161 new events observed between 10 April 2024 and 28 January 2025 (the O4b observing run) and bringing the grand total of confirmed detections since 2015 to 390. The catalogue’s highlights include the clearest gravitational-wave signal ever recorded, the most precise sky localization of any source to date, the first measurement of three vibrational modes (“tones”) of a black hole, and evidence for second-generation black holes — black holes that are themselves products of earlier mergers, identified through their unusual spins. The enlarged dataset also yields a new gravitational-wave measurement of the Hubble constant (the expansion rate of the Universe) about 25% more precise than the previous such estimate, and enables new tests of general relativity. The six core and companion papers were posted to arXiv and submitted to The Astrophysical Journal and The Astrophysical Journal Letters; a further update covering 68 additional candidates from the end of O4 is in preparation. Announced by the LVK collaboration on 26 May 2026 and highlighted again by member institutions in early July.
Primordial black holes (PBHs) — black holes hypothesized to have formed in the first fraction of a second after the Big Bang, rather than from collapsing stars — have never been observed, yet remain a leading candidate for at least part of the Universe’s dark matter. Because ordinary stellar evolution cannot produce black holes lighter than the Sun, a sub-solar-mass merger would be a smoking gun.
On 12 November 2025, the LVK network reported the compact-binary merger candidate S251112cm: a signal with no electromagnetic counterpart, consistent with a binary black hole whose chirp mass lies in the range 0.1–0.87 solar masses, with at least one component in the sub-solar “mass gap” where stellar-origin black holes are not expected. Alberto Magaraggia and Nico Cappelluti (University of Miami) tested a physically motivated PBH population formed during the QCD epoch and found that, with PBHs making up about a third of dark matter in this mass range, the predicted detectable sub-solar merger rate (~0.8 per year) agrees well with the rate inferred from this single detection across LVK’s O1–O4 runs. An independent analysis by Haque, Iocco and Visinelli likewise concludes that a PBH interpretation is fully consistent with current constraints. Both teams stress the caveats: the event is still a candidate awaiting full parameter estimation, and a single detection cannot be conclusive — but if validated, S251112cm would be a compelling first detection of a merging sub-solar-mass PBH binary. Posted as arXiv preprints; highlighted anew by science media in early July 2026.
Trapped ions are workhorse qubits for quantum computers and sensors, now confined on miniaturized chips just above the surface. But noisy electromagnetic fields emanating from the chip itself disturb the fragile quantum states — and for more than 30 years, physicists have argued about where this electric-field noise actually comes from.
Tobias Sägesser, Jonathan Home and colleagues (ETH Zurich) turned the problem on its head: they used a single beryllium ion as a scanning probe. Their chip-based Penning trap confines the ion with static electric and magnetic fields only, allowing it to be positioned anywhere in three dimensions above the chip — impossible in conventional radio-frequency traps — and making tiny oscillating fields easier to detect. Laser-cooling the ion to its motional ground state and then watching how stray fields excite its oscillation, the team mapped a 200×200 micrometre region and set a sensitivity record: an oscillating electric field of just 10 nanovolts per metre detected in one second. Static electric fields were read from the ion’s displacement and magnetic fields from shifts in its energy levels. The full 3D maps can be compared directly with theoretical noise models, offering a new tool to identify interference sources and to screen chip materials and fabrication processes for future quantum hardware. Published in Science Advances (19 June 2026); announced by ETH Zurich in July.
For decades, magnetic memory (MRAM) has been built on spintronics — using the electron’s spin to store and move information. Orbitronics instead exploits the electron’s orbital angular momentum (loosely, the quantum “vortex” of the electron around atomic nuclei) and orbital currents, which can carry far larger signals than spin currents. The catch: until now, orbital currents always had to be converted into spin currents before they could be used, bleeding away energy and efficiency.
Christin Schmitt, Mathias Kläui and colleagues (Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz) have now removed this bottleneck, realizing the first purely orbitronic device concept. In a CoO/Cu–CuO heterostructure, they coupled the mobile orbital moments travelling in the orbital current directly to localized orbital moments inside the antiferromagnet cobalt oxide — no spin conversion layer required. Read-out based on orbital currents produced electrical signals roughly 100 times larger than comparable spintronic approaches. Eliminating the conversion step makes switching markedly more efficient, and the demonstration establishes antiferromagnets with strong orbital character as a hardware platform for non-volatile memory and computing with extremely low energy consumption. Published in Science.
Every wire wastes energy because electrons collide — with each other and with the lattice. But how much resistance can collisions generate before something fundamental stops them? The question matters for one of condensed matter’s longest-standing puzzles: strange metals, whose resistivity climbs linearly with temperature at the so-called Planckian rate (~kBT/ℏ) without saturating, defying conventional theory since the 1980s.
Frank Corapi, Joseph Thywissen and colleagues (University of Toronto, École Normale Supérieure Paris, Lehigh University) attacked the problem with a clean quantum simulator: ultracold fermionic potassium-40 atoms in an optical lattice, standing in for electrons in a Hubbard metal, free of phonons and disorder. Driving the interactions ever stronger, they found that the collision-induced resistivity does not grow without bound — it saturates at a hard quantum ceiling the team calls “lattice unitarity”. The origin is a quantum enhancement of the effective scattering cross-section: like ducks floating in bubbles that collide with the size of their bubbles rather than their bodies, the atoms’ effective size is capped by quantum mechanics on the lattice. This microscopic bound is distinct from and complementary to the geometric Mott–Ioffe–Regel limit, and it hands physicists a fresh, well-controlled benchmark for testing theories of Planckian dissipation in strange metals. Published in Physical Review Letters 136, 213401 (26 May 2026); widely highlighted at the turn of July.
The double copy is one of the most surprising structures found in modern theoretical physics: it states that gravity behaves, in a precise mathematical sense, like “two copies” of a gauge theory (the kind of theory describing the strong and electroweak forces). It has been extensively verified for scattering amplitudes in empty space — but whether it extends to genuinely non-perturbative, curved-spacetime phenomena like Hawking radiation was unknown.
In a pair of companion papers, Anton Ilderton, William Lindved and Karthik Rajeev show that Hawking radiation from a collapsing black hole — its thermal spectrum and horizon dependence included — emerges as the double copy of particle production in a background gauge field, even though the gauge-theory side has no global horizon and no thermal spectrum at all. Their approach, combining worldline and amplitude methods, also unifies several previously separate classical and quantum double-copy prescriptions for black hole spacetimes. In the second paper, John Joseph Carrasco and Yaxi Chen trace the origin of the thermality itself: analyzing the non-Abelian Yang–Mills “root” of the process, they find the radiation is thermal not in energy but in the color-charge eigenvalue, whose distribution follows the Wigner semicircle of random matrix theory — meaning the familiar Planck-like thermality of gravity is the direct dual of charge thermality in its underlying gauge theory. The results open a new route into black-hole puzzles, including information-related questions, from the gauge-theory side. Published in Physical Review Letters 136, 081603 & 081604 (2026); featured in the July 2026 issue of Science News.
Type Ia supernovae are cosmology’s “standard candles”: their calibrated brightness lets astronomers measure cosmic distances, and they underpinned the discovery that the Universe’s expansion is accelerating — the effect attributed to dark energy. But they are not perfectly identical: a supernova’s observed brightness subtly depends on its host galaxy (age, mass, dust), and the simple correction recipes used so far limit the precision of the whole enterprise.
Konstantin Karchev, Roberto Trotta and Raúl Jiménez, in work led by the Institute of Cosmos Sciences of the University of Barcelona (ICCUB) together with SISSA (Trieste), present CIGaRS (Combined Inference and Galaxy-Related Standardisation), a framework that combines physics-based simulations with AI-driven simulation-based inference to model the supernova and its host-galaxy photometry simultaneously, in unprecedented detail. The payoff: cosmic distances estimated from imaging data alone with near-spectroscopic accuracy. The authors estimate the approach could tighten cosmological constraints by up to a factor of four compared with traditional methods that rely on relatively small spectroscopic samples — exactly what is needed to digest the flood of millions of supernovae expected from the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, and to sharpen our understanding of dark energy. Published in Nature Astronomy (6 May 2026, open access); highlighted again as the Rubin survey era begins.
Konstantin Karchev・Roberto Trotta・Raúl Jiménezは、バルセロナ大学宇宙科学研究所(ICCUB)とSISSA(トリエステ国際高等研究大学院)による研究で、物理ベースのシミュレーションとAIによるシミュレーションベース推論を組み合わせた枠組み「CIGaRS(Combined Inference and Galaxy-Related Standardisation)」を発表した。超新星本体と母銀河の測光データを同時に、前例のない詳しさでモデル化するのが特徴だ。その成果として、撮像データだけから、分光観測に迫る精度で宇宙距離を推定できる。著者らの試算では、比較的少数の分光サンプルに依存する従来手法と比べ、宇宙論的制約を最大4倍厳しくできる可能性がある——ヴェラ・C・ルービン天文台が今後もたらす数百万個規模の超新星データの洪水を消化し、暗黒エネルギーの理解を研ぎ澄ますために、まさに必要とされていた道具である。Nature Astronomyに掲載(2026年5月6日・オープンアクセス)、ルービン天文台の観測時代の幕開けとともに改めて注目されている。
Chemical reactions are, at heart, molecules changing shape: hopping between different 3D conformations across an energy landscape. Watching — let alone steering — those rearrangements one structure at a time has been a long-standing challenge, because conventional one-color spectroscopy loses its signal the moment the molecule switches form.
América Y. Torres-Boy, Gerard Meijer, Gert von Helden and colleagues (Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin) exploited the globally unique two-color operation of their dual-oscillator infrared free-electron laser (IR-FEL): two intense IR beams whose timing is tightly synchronized while their frequencies (“colors”) are independently tunable over a wide range. Molecular ions — a singly deuterated proton-bound dimer of dihydrogen phosphate and formate — were embedded in superfluid helium nanodroplets a fraction of a degree above absolute zero, which cool them rapidly while letting them keep absorbing laser light. With one color pumping and the other probing, the team gained full control over the population of the two isomers and recorded the infrared spectra of the individual isomers — fingerprints that remain hidden in ordinary one-color experiments. The technique opens a new window on how molecules rearrange during chemical reactions, with the long-term prospect of steering reaction pathways with light. Published in Physical Review Letters 137, 013001 (1 July 2026).
América Y. Torres-Boy、Gerard Meijer、Gert von Heldenら(マックス・プランク協会フリッツ・ハーバー研究所、ベルリン)は、世界で唯一の2色同時発振・デュアル発振器型赤外自由電子レーザー(IR-FEL)を活用した。2本の強力な赤外ビームはタイミングが精密に同期され、周波数(「色」)は広い範囲で独立に調整できる。分子イオン——一重水素化された、リン酸二水素イオンとギ酸イオンのプロトン架橋二量体——を、絶対零度よりわずかに高温の超流動ヘリウム・ナノ液滴に閉じ込めることで、分子を急速に冷やしつつ、レーザー光を長時間吸収させ続けられる。一方の色でポンプし他方でプローブすることで、チームは2つの異性体の分布を完全に制御し、さらに個々の異性体の赤外スペクトル——通常の1色実験では隠れたままの「指紋」——の記録にも成功した。この手法は化学反応中の分子の構造変化を観る新しい窓を開き、将来的には光で反応経路そのものを操る展望につながる。Physical Review Letters 137, 013001に掲載(2026年7月1日)。
In conventional superconductors, supercurrent relies on electrons moving through dispersive bands. In flat bands — where the electron velocity nearly vanishes — superconductivity should naively be impossible, yet magic-angle graphene systems superconduct anyway. A growing body of theory attributes this to quantum geometry: the “quantum metric” of the electronic wavefunctions can supply the superfluid stiffness that band dispersion cannot. Direct experimental evidence tying the two together has, however, remained scarce.
Le Liu, Yu Hong, Chengping Zhang and colleagues, led by Kam Tuen Law (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology), Guangyu Zhang and Wei Yang (Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, with collaborators at NIMS in Tsukuba), studied alternating twisted quadrilayer graphene — four graphene sheets whose twist angle alternates in sign, so that dispersive Dirac bands and flat bands coexist. Transport measurements reveal robust superconductivity with a maximum Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition temperature of 1.6 K, critical magnetic fields beyond the Pauli limit, and a superconducting coupling strength that can be tuned with an electric displacement field. Analyzing Landau fan diagrams at zero displacement field, the team disentangled the Dirac and flat-band contributions, revealing a Coulomb-interaction-induced band broadening; they further report a vanishing Fermi velocity accompanied by an unexpectedly large superfluid stiffness — behavior they attribute to quantum metric contributions, concentrated at “hot spots” created by the hybridization of Dirac and flat bands. Published open access in npj Quantum Materials on 4 July 2026 (preprint: arXiv:2501.06460).
Le Liu、Yu Hong、Chengping Zhangらのチーム(Kam Tuen Law〔香港科技大学〕、Guangyu Zhang・Wei Yang〔中国科学院物理研究所〕が主導、筑波の物質・材料研究機構NIMSも参加)は、ツイスト角の符号が交互に入れ替わる4枚のグラフェン——交互ツイスト4層グラフェン——を調べた。この系ではディラックバンド(分散あり)と平坦バンドが共存する。輸送測定の結果、最大1.6Kのベレジンスキー・コステリッツ・サウレス(BKT)転移温度、パウリ限界を超える臨界磁場、そして電気変位場で調整できる超伝導結合強度を持つ頑健な超伝導が確認された。ゼロ変位電場でのランダウ・ファン図の解析からディラックバンドと平坦バンドの寄与を分離し、クーロン相互作用によるバンド広がりを明らかにした。さらに、フェルミ速度がほぼ消えているにもかかわらず大きな超流動剛性が残ることも報告。チームはこれを、ディラックバンドと平坦バンドの混成が生む「量子計量ホットスポット」の寄与だと結論づけた。npj Quantum Materialsに2026年7月4日オープンアクセスで掲載(プレプリント:arXiv:2501.06460)。
Simulating matter at finite temperature requires preparing thermal (Gibbs) states — the quantum analogue of the equilibrium distributions that classical Monte Carlo methods sample so successfully. Quantum computers excel at simulating Hamiltonian dynamics, but preparing thermal equilibrium states has remained a major bottleneck: recently proposed dissipative “quantum Gibbs samplers” based on engineered Lindblad evolutions could be implemented efficiently, but nobody had proven how fast they actually converge.
Cambyse Rouzé (Inria / Télécom Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris), Daniel Stilck França (ENS de Lyon / University of Copenhagen) and Álvaro M. Alhambra (Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, Madrid) now prove that this dissipative evolution thermalizes to the Gibbs state in time scaling polynomially with system size at high enough temperatures, for any Hamiltonian satisfying a Lieb–Robinson bound — such as local Hamiltonians on a lattice. They also show the efficient adiabatic preparation of the associated purifications, the “thermofield double” states familiar from high-energy physics. In the low-temperature regime the same family of evolutions becomes computationally equivalent to universal polynomial-time quantum computation — strong evidence that no classical algorithm can mimic it in general. Together, the results establish quantum Gibbs sampling as a rigorous quantum analogue of classical Monte Carlo methods. Published in Nature Physics (DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03246-y) and highlighted in an accompanying Nature Physics News & Views in early July 2026; a companion proof in Physical Review Letters 136, 060601 shows convergence in time scaling only logarithmically with system size at high temperature.
⏳ / 量子系の「時間の矢」を伸ばし・ぼかし・反転させる——量子測定が生む時間の非対称性(時間の矢)を、フィードバック制御ハミルトニアンで打ち消し・増幅・過補償できることを理論的に構築。時間が逆向きに流れるのと整合的な軌跡や、開放量子系の時間逆行ダイナミクスの模擬、さらに測定が注ぎ込むエネルギーを取り出す"連続測定エンジン"(現代版マクスウェルの悪魔)を設計し、超伝導量子ビットでの実証を視野に(García-Pintos・Liu・Gorshkov、ロスアラモス国立研究所/NIST/メリーランド大、Phys. Rev. X 16, 011028掲載)
The microscopic laws of physics are largely symmetric under time reversal, yet the processes we observe are not — the emergent asymmetry is known as the arrow of time. In quantum physics, an arrow of time emerges when a system is measured: unlike in classical physics, quantum measurements stochastically change the state of the system being observed, singling out a direction for time.
Luis Pedro García-Pintos (Los Alamos National Laboratory), Yi-Kai Liu (NIST / University of Maryland) and Alexey V. Gorshkov (NIST / University of Maryland) introduce quantum control tools that can yield dynamics more consistent with time flowing backward than forward. The key is the explicit construction of a control Hamiltonian that replicates the stochastic trajectories of a monitored quantum system: used in a feedback loop, it can cancel, amplify or overcompensate the disturbance caused by measurements, generating trajectories consistent with a stretched, blurred or even inverted arrow of time, and it can simulate the backward-in-time dynamics of an open quantum system. As an application, the team designed a feedback-driven continuous measurement engine — a modern Maxwell’s demon — powered by the energy that the monitoring process itself pumps into the system, and showed it can operate under experimentally realistic conditions including feedback delay and finite-efficiency measurements. The authors envision demonstrations with superconducting qubits, with implications for quantum state preparation and energy extraction. Published in Physical Review X 16, 011028 (19 February 2026); widely featured in early July 2026.
Luis Pedro García-Pintos(ロスアラモス国立研究所)、Yi-Kai Liu(NIST/メリーランド大学)、Alexey V. Gorshkov(NIST/メリーランド大学)は、時間が前向きより後ろ向きに流れるのと整合的なダイナミクスを生み出せる量子制御ツールを提案した。鍵は、監視(測定)下にある量子系の確率的な軌跡を再現する制御ハミルトニアンを明示的に構成したこと。これをフィードバック過程で使うと、測定が引き起こす擾乱を打ち消し・増幅・過補償でき、時間の矢を引き伸ばしたり、ぼかしたり、さらには反転させたりすることと整合的な軌跡を生成できる。開放量子系の時間逆行ダイナミクスのシミュレーションも可能だ。応用として、監視過程そのものが系に注ぎ込むエネルギーを動力源とするフィードバック駆動の連続測定エンジン——現代版マクスウェルの悪魔——を設計し、フィードバック遅延や有限効率の測定といった現実的な実験条件でも動作することを示した。著者らは超伝導量子ビットでの実証を視野に入れており、量子状態の準備やエネルギー抽出への応用が期待される。Physical Review X 16, 011028に掲載(2026年2月19日)。2026年7月初旬に各メディアで大きく取り上げられた。
Keywords: arrow of time, 時間の矢, time reversal, 時間反転, quantum measurement, 量子測定, monitored quantum systems, 監視下の量子系, quantum feedback control, 量子フィードバック制御
🔊 / 「音速を超えた電子」がフォノンを共鳴放出——超高移動度の二次元電子ガスに直流電流を流し、電子のドリフト速度が音速(約3km/s、電流密度約1.1A/m)を超えると、結晶がほぼ絶対零度(10mK〜3.9K)でも温度にほとんど依存しない強いフォノン共鳴("音速の壁"の上のフォノン誘起抵抗振動)が現れることを発見。既存理論の予測を超える振る舞いで、制御可能なオンチップのフォノン源=フォノンレーザーへの道を開く(Z. T. Wang・M. Hilkeら、マギル大/カナダ国立研究機構/プリンストン大、Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 146302掲載)
Phonons are the quanta of sound and lattice vibrations — the acoustic counterpart of photons. Generating them in a controlled, on-demand way is hard, yet doing so would open paths to phonon lasers and to communication in media where light and radio cannot travel, such as deep water or the human body. One long-known route is to push electrons in a crystal faster than the speed of sound, so they shed energy as acoustic phonons, in analogy with a sonic boom or Cherenkov radiation.
Z. T. Wang and Michael Hilke (McGill University), with N. Fong, D. G. Austing and S. A. Studenikin (National Research Council of Canada) and K. W. West and L. N. Pfeiffer (Princeton University, who grew the ultrapure material), drove a DC current through an ultrahigh-mobility two-dimensional electron gas at temperatures from 10 millikelvin to 3.9 kelvin. At a current density of roughly 1.1 A/m, the electron drift velocity reaches the speed of sound, about 3 km/s. Above this “sound barrier” the magnetoresistivity shows very strong resonant features with only weak temperature dependence — phonon-induced resistance oscillations from resonant magnetophonon emission by the supersonic electrons — whereas in the subsonic regime such scattering is strongly suppressed as the sample cools. The measured phonon generation exceeded what existing theories predicted, showing that electrons can be extremely “hot” even when the host crystal sits near absolute zero, and establishing a tunable, chip-scale phonon source. The team next plans to try faster materials such as graphene. Published in Physical Review Letters 136, 146302 (8 April 2026); featured by ScienceDaily on 1 July 2026.
Z. T. WangとMichael Hilke(マギル大学)は、N. Fong・D. G. Austing・S. A. Studenikin(カナダ国立研究機構NRC)、そして超高純度試料を作製したK. W. West・L. N. Pfeiffer(プリンストン大学)とともに、超高移動度の二次元電子ガスに直流電流を流し、10ミリケルビン〜3.9ケルビンで測定した。電流密度が約1.1A/mに達すると、電子のドリフト速度は音速(約3km/s)に到達する。この"音速の壁"を超えると、磁気抵抗に温度にほとんど依存しない非常に強い共鳴構造——超音速電子による共鳴マグネトフォノン放出が生むフォノン誘起抵抗振動——が現れた。一方、亜音速領域では、このフォノン散乱は低温にすると強く抑制される。観測されたフォノン生成は既存理論の予測を上回っており、結晶がほぼ絶対零度でも電子は非常に「熱く」なれることを示すとともに、チップスケールの調整可能なフォノン源を実現した。チームは次に、グラフェンなどより高速な材料での動作を計画している。Physical Review Letters 136, 146302に掲載(2026年4月8日)。2026年7月1日にScienceDailyで特集された。
🌀 / 超流動ヘリウムの中で分子を「回す」ことに初成功——光学遠心機(オプティカル・セントリフュージ)を改良し、超流動ヘリウム・ナノ液滴中の一酸化窒素二量体 (NO)₂ の回転方向と回転数を初めて自在に制御。レーザーパルス間にわずかな遅延を入れる工夫で分子の"回しやすさ"を高め、超流動が原子スケールで壊れる臨界回転数の探索という量子液体の核心的な謎に迫る(MacPhail-Bartley・A. A. Milner・Stienkemeier・V. Milner、ブリティッシュコロンビア大/フライブルク大、Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 033002掲載)
Superfluids such as liquid helium near absolute zero flow with zero viscosity, yet they still act as solvents: a molecule dissolved inside one interacts with the surrounding helium atoms, effectively “dressing up” and becoming bigger and harder to spin — like a growing snowball. Optical centrifuges — rotating laser pulses whose electric field drags molecules around with it — have long been used to spin molecules in gases, but the same approach had never succeeded inside a superfluid.
Ian MacPhail-Bartley, Alexander A. Milner and Valery Milner (University of British Columbia), with Frank Stienkemeier (University of Freiburg), embedded dimers of nitric oxide, (NO)₂, in superfluid helium nanodroplets and introduced a short time delay between the centrifuge laser pulses. The resulting interference produces a much lower, steady rotation rate that boosts the molecules’ “spinnability,” achieving the first controlled molecular rotation inside a superfluid: the team demonstrated both forced in-field rotation over a continuous range of frequencies and field-free resonant rotation with a long, nanosecond-scale decay, with the direction and frequency of rotation directly settable. The new “control knob” lets the researchers next scan across a critical rotation frequency beyond which superfluidity is expected to break down at the atomic scale — one of the central open questions of quantum liquids. Published in Physical Review Letters 136, 033002 (22 January 2026); featured by ScienceDaily on 4 July 2026.
Water is the most studied molecule on Earth, yet a basic question has stayed open for decades: when water is squeezed into gaps just a few molecules wide — inside nanopores, membranes and biological channels — does it become more or less chemically reactive? The key quantity is water’s self-dissociation, its splitting into the ions that set its pH. A decade of studies has reported both strongly enhanced and strongly suppressed reactivity, with no consistent explanation.
Xavier R. Advincula, Christoph Schran, Angelos Michaelides and colleagues (University of Cambridge’s Cavendish Laboratory, with collaborators at Harvard, Caltech and the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research) attacked the problem with enhanced-sampling molecular dynamics driven by machine-learned potentials trained to first-principles accuracy, simulating water in two-dimensional slit pores and nanodroplets bounded by graphene and hexagonal boron nitride. They find the apparent reactivity is extraordinarily sensitive to density, pore width, wall flexibility and surface chemistry — but when systems are compared at the same chemical potential, the effect of confinement largely disappears: confinement alone does not intrinsically change water’s acid–base chemistry. Instead, the intense effective pressures that build up inside nanoscale gaps explain most of the observed changes, and the surrounding material can further enhance the chemistry if it interacts with the reaction products. The framework reconciles a decade of apparently conflicting studies, with implications for nanofluidics, electrochemistry and catalysis. Published in Science Advances 12 (26); featured by ScienceDaily on 1 July 2026.
Keywords: nanoconfined water, ナノ閉じ込め水, water self-dissociation, 水の自己解離, pH, chemical potential, 化学ポテンシャル, machine-learned potentials, 機械学習ポテンシャル, molecular dynamics
🌌 / 宇宙定数は「時空のトポロジー」に守られている?——正準量子重力(ウィーラー・ドウィット量子化)の候補基底状態チャーン・サイモンズ・コダマ(CSK)状態の数学が、物質の量子ホール効果のトポロジカル場の理論と驚くほど似た構造を持つことを発見。ホール伝導度が試料の不完全性によらず量子化されるのと同じトポロジカルな保護が宇宙定数Λにも働き、θ = 12π²/(Λℓ²Pl) mod 2π の関係でΛがθ真空セクターに結びついて量子化され、QFTの真空ゆらぎでΛが約10¹²⁰倍も発散するはずの"宇宙定数問題"の量子補正を無効化するという「重力ホール効果」を提案(Alexander・Bernardo・Hui、ブラウン大学、Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 151501掲載)
The cosmological constant Λ — the energy of empty space driving the universe’s accelerating expansion — is the source of the largest quantitative discrepancy in theoretical physics: quantum field theory predicts vacuum fluctuations that should make Λ roughly 10¹²⁰ times larger than observed. Einstein introduced the constant in 1917 to keep the universe static, discarded it after Hubble’s discovery of cosmic expansion — reportedly calling it his “biggest blunder” — and it returned for good in 1998 when the expansion was found to be accelerating. Why the enormous quantum corrections are so precisely absent has remained unexplained.
Stephon Alexander, Heliudson Bernardo and Aaron Hui (Brown Theoretical Physics Center, Brown University) explored the background-independent Wheeler–DeWitt quantization of general relativity and found that the Chern–Simons–Kodama (CSK) state — a proposed ground state of quantum gravity that generalizes the Hartle–Hawking and Vilenkin states — has a striking structural similarity to the topological field theory of the quantum Hall effect, in which electrical conductance is locked to exact values by topology, immune to material imperfections. Treating gravitational topological θ sectors in analogy with Yang–Mills theory, they show the cosmological constant is tied to the θ parameter by θ = 12π²/(Λℓ²Pl) mod 2π, because the CSK state must live in a particular θ sector. The consequence is a “gravitational Hall effect”: Λ becomes quantized into discrete allowed values and is topologically protected — the quantum perturbations that should blow up its value are rendered inert. The result strengthens the CSK state’s profile as a conservative candidate route to quantum gravity, with the authors planning to develop the bigger picture in future work. Published in Physical Review Letters 136, 151501 (17 April 2026); widely covered from late April through early July 2026.
🕳️ / ブラックホールは完全には蒸発しない?——7次元のG2多様体幾何とねじれ(トーション)を持つアインシュタイン・カルタン重力で、プランク密度で生じる斥力がホーキング蒸発の最終段階を動的に止め、質量約9×10⁻⁴¹kgの安定な「残骸(レムナント)」が残ることを理論的に導出。情報はトーション場の長寿命な振動(準固有振動モードのスペクトル)に符号化されて保存され、ブラックホール情報パラドックスの解決案・ダークマターへの寄与・次元縮約から電弱スケール(ヒッグス質量)が自然に導かれる可能性まで示唆(Pinčák・Pigazzini・Pudlák・Bartoš、General Relativity and Gravitation誌掲載)
In the 1970s Stephen Hawking showed that black holes radiate and slowly evaporate. If they evaporate completely, the information about everything that fell in seems to be destroyed — violating the unitarity of quantum mechanics. This black hole information paradox remains one of the deepest conflicts between general relativity and quantum theory.
Richard Pinčák, Alexander Pigazzini, Michal Pudlák and Erik Bartoš propose a geometric resolution within a seven-dimensional Einstein–Cartan gravity with torsion, built on a G2-manifold geometry (three extra hidden dimensions beyond ordinary space-time). In this framework, as densities approach the Planck scale, the torsion of space-time generates a repulsive force that dynamically halts the final stage of Hawking evaporation. Instead of vanishing, the black hole settles into a stable remnant with a predicted mass of about 9 × 10⁻⁴¹ kg. The remnant acts as a long-term information repository: quantum information is encoded in a spectrum of long-lived quasi-normal modes — “vibrations” of the torsion field within the remnant’s geometry — so the paradox is addressed without rewriting quantum mechanics. The authors further suggest such remnants could contribute to dark matter, and that dimensional reduction of the same geometry naturally yields the electroweak scale, hinting at a link to the origin of the Higgs mass. A speculative but self-contained proposal connecting black holes, hidden dimensions and particle masses. Published in General Relativity and Gravitation (19 March 2026); widely featured from April through early July 2026.
Richard Pinčák、Alexander Pigazzini、Michal Pudlák、Erik Bartošは、G2多様体の幾何学の上に構築された、トーション(時空のねじれ)を持つ7次元のアインシュタイン・カルタン重力(通常の時空に3つの隠れた余剰次元を加えたもの)の枠内で、幾何学的な解決策を提案した。この枠組みでは、密度がプランクスケールに近づくと、時空のトーションが斥力を生み出し、ホーキング蒸発の最終段階を動的に停止させる。ブラックホールは消滅する代わりに、予測質量約9×10⁻⁴¹kgの安定な残骸(レムナント)として落ち着く。この残骸は長期的な情報の保管庫として働く。量子情報は、残骸の幾何構造内のトーション場の長寿命な振動——準固有振動モード(クワジノーマルモード)のスペクトル——に符号化されるため、量子力学を書き換えることなくパラドックスに答えられるという。著者らはさらに、こうした残骸がダークマターに寄与しうること、同じ幾何の次元縮約から電弱スケールが自然に導かれ、ヒッグス質量の起源との関連が示唆されることも指摘している。ブラックホール・隠れた次元・素粒子の質量を結ぶ、思弁的だが自己完結した提案だ。General Relativity and Gravitation誌に掲載(2026年3月19日)。2026年4月から7月初旬にかけて広く紹介された。
Werner Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle forbids knowing certain pairs of quantities — such as position and momentum — with arbitrary precision at the same time. Between position and time, however, no Heisenberg relation exists. A team at the Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN) at the University of Regensburg (the groups of Jascha Repp, Rupert Huber, Franz Giessibl and Klaus Richter), together with Angel Rubio’s team at the Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter in Hamburg, has now observed for the first time that the location and the time evolution of an electron nonetheless cannot be pinned down with arbitrary precision simultaneously — a practical “space-time limit” of quantum mechanics.
Using a newly developed laser system, the researchers steered electrons with phase-controlled, single-cycle near-infrared light pulses so that they tunnel from an atomically sharp metal tip to a silver surface across just a few atomic diameters; a second pulse with variable delay clocks the process, exposing electron dynamics on attosecond timescales (an attosecond is to a second what a second is to the age of the universe). Quantum simulations by Rubio’s group reproduce the experiments with remarkable accuracy and show the electron follows the light field with a tiny delay of about 500 attoseconds. Crucially, the team quantified a fundamental trade-off: the more precisely the electron is pinned down in time, the more energy must be supplied — and the more its quantum wave packet spreads out in space. Confining the wave packets with a single adatom placed on the surface, they showed the packets nevertheless remain spatially sharp enough for atomically resolved microscopy on attosecond timescales, with local peak current densities reaching up to a trillion amperes per square centimetre. The advance points toward light-triggered control of chemical bonds and electronics operating at the intrinsic speed limit of electron motion — hundreds of thousands of times faster than today’s CMOS technology. Published in Nature Photonics; announced by the University of Regensburg on 3 July 2026.
In quantum mechanics, squeezing reshapes the uncertainty between conjugate variables such as position and momentum — sharpening one at the expense of the other — and squeezed light already boosts the sensitivity of gravitational-wave detectors like LIGO. Physicists have long sought the stronger, higher-order members of this family, trisqueezing (third order) and quadsqueezing (fourth order), but these interactions are naturally so weak that they drown in noise; quadsqueezing had never been realized on any experimental platform.
Researchers at the University of Oxford have now demonstrated all of them in a single trapped ion. Instead of driving a weak higher-order interaction directly, the team combined two spin-dependent linear forces, following a 2021 theory proposal by Raghavendra Srinivas and Robert Tyler Sutherland: because the two forces do not commute — the order in which they act matters — their combination generates an effective interaction far stronger than the sum of its parts. By tuning frequencies, phases and strengths, the team switched between squeezing, trisqueezing and quadsqueezing, verified each by reconstructing the Wigner functions of the ion’s motional states, and generated the fourth-order interaction more than 100 times faster than conventional approaches would allow. The method has no fundamental limit on the interaction order and applies to any platform supporting spin-dependent linear interactions; combined with mid-circuit measurements of the ion’s spin, it has already produced flexible superpositions of squeezed states and simulated a lattice gauge theory. It is the companion work to the new family of Schrödinger-cat states from the same Oxford group covered in our 2 July entry. Published in Nature Physics on 1 May 2026 and widely covered through early July 2026.
One of the most anticipated features of quantum gravity is that spacetime itself can exist in quantum superposition — for instance when a massive object is placed in a superposition of two locations, each configuration dragging its own gravitational field. Detecting such superpositions, for example through gravitationally induced entanglement, is the goal of a wave of proposed tabletop experiments. But what exactly would such a detection prove?
Joshua Foo (now Associate Professor at Kyushu University’s Institute for Advanced Study), Cendikiawan Suryaatmadja, Robert B. Mann (University of Waterloo / Perimeter Institute) and Magdalena Zych (Stockholm University / University of Queensland) introduce a general framework for “quantum superpositions of spacetime states” and prove a striking result they call the relativity of spacetime superpositions: whenever the superposed spacetime amplitudes differ only by a coordinate transformation, the entire scenario can be re-expressed as ordinary quantum dynamics on a single, fixed classical background. Many scenarios labelled “superpositions of spacetimes” in the literature — including ones invoked in gravitationally-induced-entanglement proposals — are therefore mathematically equivalent to quantum matter evolving in one classical spacetime, and carry no unique quantum-gravity signature. The work also implies that the decoherence of gravitational source masses is not fundamental: it depends on external systems that define the reference frame through which the notion of a spatial superposition acquires physical meaning. Rather than undermining the experiments, the analysis sharpens them, specifying which signatures would genuinely require gravity to be quantum. Published in npj Quantum Information (2026); featured by Phys.org in early July 2026.
Magnetic fields are the natural enemy of superconductivity: conventional superconductivity relies on Cooper pairs of electrons with opposite spins, and a magnetic field tends to align those spins, disrupting the delicate pairing. In rare, exotic cases, however, materials show reentrant superconductivity — the superconducting state vanishes as the field grows, then unexpectedly returns when the field is increased further, a telltale sign that more complex quantum mechanisms are at work. Until now the effect had been associated with a few complex bulk, three-dimensional materials, where it is often linked to non-standard forms of superconductivity.
A team led by the RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) in Japan, with first author Denis Maryenko of the Strong Correlation Interface Research Group, has now observed reentrant superconductivity in a fundamentally different setting: a very thin conducting layer at the boundary between two insulating oxide materials. Cooling the interface to temperatures close to absolute zero and measuring its electrical resistance under applied magnetic fields, the researchers directly tracked when the system entered and left the superconducting state — watching it disappear and then re-emerge. The results show the field does not act as a simple destructive force here; instead the superconducting state hinges on a delicate balance among electronic effects at the interface, pointing to physics beyond the conventional description of superconductivity. Because oxide interfaces can be precisely engineered and controlled, the system provides a clean, well-defined two-dimensional platform for asking why superconductivity can survive — and even revive — under conditions where conventional theory predicts it should keep fading, with longer-term implications for the search for new superconducting materials and low-loss electronic or quantum devices. Published in Science Advances; announced by RIKEN on 25 June 2026.
Time crystals — systems that spontaneously break time-translation symmetry and repeat in time the way ordinary crystals repeat in space — have mostly been the province of delicate quantum experiments. A team spanning Hiroshima University (WPI-SKCM², the International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter), the University of Colorado Boulder and collaborators — Hanqing Zhao, Rui Zhang and Ivan I. Smalyukh — has now realized classical discrete space-time crystals, structures periodic in both space and time, in chiral liquid crystals: everyday materials of the kind long used in display technology.
Driving the liquid crystal with a periodic (Floquet) electrical signal, the researchers observed both 1+1-dimensional and 2+1-dimensional discrete space-time crystals that loop endlessly with twice the driving period — the hallmark period-doubling of a discrete time crystal — over a wide range of temperatures and driving conditions. The mechanism is remarkable: localized topological solitons (smooth, particle-like twists of the molecular alignment that travel like stable wave packets) and disclination lines (sharp defects where the alignment breaks down) periodically transform into one another, behaving like the particle–antiparticle pairs of Majorana particles — the famous class of quantum particles that are their own antiparticles — here realized as a classical, room-temperature analogue. The space-time crystals are robust against temporal perturbations and spatial defects, behaving like a time-crystalline analogue of a smectic phase. The work shows that complex space-time symmetries are not restricted to the quantum world, opens a field the authors call “time liquid crystallinity,” and — since liquid crystals are already a staple of modern electronics — suggests routes to reconfigurable laser elements, advanced beam deflectors and ultraprecise light steering. Published in Nature Communications; announced by Hiroshima University on 24 June 2026.
時間結晶——普通の結晶が空間方向に周期構造をもつように、時間並進対称性を自発的に破って時間方向に繰り返す系——は、これまで主に繊細な量子実験の領分だった。広島大学のWPI-SKCM²(キラルノット超物質国際研究拠点)とコロラド大学ボルダー校などにまたがる国際チーム(Hanqing Zhao・Rui Zhang・Ivan I. Smalyukh)は今回、ディスプレイ技術で長く使われてきた日常的な材料であるキラル液晶で、空間と時間の両方に周期構造をもつ古典的な離散時空結晶を実現した。
Antiferromagnets — magnetic materials whose atomic moments cancel out — are prized candidates for next-generation data storage: they respond extremely fast and are insensitive to external magnetic disturbances. Their great weakness has been control. Precisely because they show no net magnetization, their magnetic states are notoriously difficult to address, which has so far limited their application.
A German-Japanese research team involving the University of Augsburg, led by experimental physicist István Kézsmárki, has now for the first time written magnetic information into an antiferromagnet using only ultrashort laser pulses — no electric currents, no magnetic fields. The trick is a new control knob: in the ferrotoroidic antiferromagnet LiNiPO4, instead of the light’s polarization, the method exploits its direction of propagation — simply reversing which way the light travels — via an inverse optical magnetoelectric effect arising from a strong coupling between the photon’s linear momentum and the magnetic toroidal moment. This enables non-volatile, deterministic and repeatable switching between time-reversed antiferromagnetic domains, and the stored information can be read out by purely optical means as well. The University of Augsburg team also highlights that complex magnetic patterns can be written and retained permanently through repeated optical switching. Because the scheme operates in the telecommunications wavelength range, it is directly compatible with existing optical networks, pointing toward a future in which data arriving as light is written straight into magnetic storage without electrical signals — significantly faster and with markedly lower energy consumption, for example in data centres and communication systems. Published in Nature Materials; announced in early July 2026.
A single-photon source — a device that emits light one photon at a time — is the starting point of photon-based quantum technologies such as quantum communication, quantum sensing and quantum measurement: encode information onto individual photons, and any eavesdropping attempt alters their state, leaving a detectable trace. Until now, however, practical single-photon sources have demanded cryogenic cooling to roughly 3 kelvin (about −270 °C), room-sized optical tables and skilled researchers to operate them, confining the technology to specialist laboratories.
The Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), together with the team of Prof. Lee Wook-Jae at Kongju National University, has packaged a gallium-nitride (GaN) semiconductor single-photon source into a room-temperature, plug-and-play, 19-inch rack-mounted device that runs on a standard 220 V supply and needs no complex optical alignment. The source exploits atomic-scale defects that form naturally inside GaN: apply energy to one such defect and it emits photons one at a time. Two innovations make this practical. A deterministic spatial-mapping technique records each emission site like a set of coordinates, so the device automatically returns to the same defect even after being switched off and on; and nanoscale circular Bragg gratings (CBGs) fabricated on the semiconductor surface guide the photons upward, maximizing extraction efficiency. The rack format connects directly to existing quantum key distribution (QKD) equipment, targeting deployment along critical channels such as financial, medical and government networks. Commercialization is under way with the KRISS spin-off QRAD Inc., and the source quality is being validated with overseas metrology institutes including Germany’s PTB and Italy’s INRIM. The underlying photon-extraction advance was published in Laser & Photonics Reviews (2025); KRISS announced the packaged plug-and-play device in early July 2026.
Black holes are well documented at stellar masses (roughly ten Suns) and at supermassive scales (millions to billions of Suns) — but the population in between, the intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) of roughly a hundred to a million solar masses, remains astronomy’s elusive missing link, holding clues to how supermassive black holes were seeded in the early universe. Because IMBHs are faint and usually dormant, tidal disruption events (TDEs) — the luminous flares produced when a star strays inside a black hole’s tidal radius and is ripped apart — offer one of the few ways to catch them in the act.
A team centred at the University of Science and Technology of China (project led by Jialai Wang, with the scientific investigations coordinated by Yongquan Xue and Ning Jiang) presents late-time observations and a comprehensive multi-wavelength analysis of AT 2018cqh, a TDE at the centre of a dwarf galaxy that flared successively in the optical (2018), X-rays (2020) and radio (2021). The X-ray outburst rose for at least 550 days — among the longest-sampled X-ray rises ever recorded for a TDE — and, unexpectedly, has settled since its peak into a persistent high-state plateau that continues to the present. These signatures are consistent with a star disrupted by an IMBH of roughly (1–6) × 10⁵ solar masses, and scaling relations derived independently from the host dwarf galaxy’s properties point to a similar mass. Together with the recently discovered IMBH TDE EP240222a, AT 2018cqh sharpens the emerging picture of what this rare class of events looks like — and demonstrates the power of TDEs as a discovery channel for the missing middle class of black holes. Published in Nature Communications 17, 2007 (2026).
Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) promise cheap, color-saturated displays, but the blue devices have badly lagged their green and red counterparts. Blue emitters need wider bandgaps and therefore higher operating voltages, which aggravate the instability of the perovskite’s ionic crystal framework and shorten device life.
A team led by Xuyong Yang (Shanghai University), with first author Y. Wang, reports efficient, stable, saturated-blue PeLEDs built by weaving hydrogen-bonding networks through the perovskite and at its interfaces using a pair of isomeric molecules. A hydrogen-bond donor (O-benzylhydroxylamine hydrochloride) placed between the hole-transport layer and the emitter binds to the inorganic framework — strengthening the structure and, thanks to a large dipole moment, lowering the hole-injection barrier — while its isomer, added into the perovskite itself, supplies both donor and acceptor sites. The result is external quantum efficiencies of 16.8% at 463 nm and 22.0% at 468 nm, together with markedly improved operational stability — state-of-the-art performance among pure- and deep-blue PeLEDs and a concrete step toward vibrant full-color perovskite displays. Published in Nature.
The integer quantum Hall effect is a textbook manifestation of topological quantum transport, in which electrical resistance becomes exactly quantized. But reaching a fully spin-polarized quantum Hall state in a semiconductor has usually demanded very high magnetic fields and millikelvin temperatures — conditions requiring bulky superconducting magnets and dilution refrigerators.
M. Myronov (University of Warwick) with W. Jiang and S. Studenikin (National Research Council of Canada) demonstrate a fully spin-polarized ν = 1 quantum Hall state in a germanium quantum well at magnetic fields as low as ~0.25 tesla — an order of magnitude below what semiconductor systems have conventionally required — and up to 1.5 kelvin, a temperature reachable with an ordinary helium-3 cryostat rather than a dilution refrigerator. The trick is a combination of ultra-dilute carriers and a large, gate-tunable hole g-factor (about 13–24, versus roughly 2 for electrons in silicon): with so few holes and such strong Zeeman splitting, even a modest field fully polarizes the spins before disorder can smear the spin gap. The Hall resistance locks to h/e² to within a part in many thousands, and the device hosts a single chiral edge channel immune to backscattering — all on a CMOS-compatible chip that dispenses with high-field magnets and dilution cryostats. The result opens a path toward a single germanium chip integrating individually addressable spin qubits with topological edge channels, bolstering germanium’s standing as a leading platform for scalable semiconductor quantum computing. Published open access in Communications Materials.
At the heart of A402-BCG — the brightest galaxy in the cluster Abell 402, roughly 4 billion light-years away — sits a curious dark region about 3,200 light-years across. When Hubble first spotted it in 2018, astronomers suspected a dust cloud was simply blocking the starlight behind it.
A team led by Michael McDonald (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) tested that idea using the James Webb Space Telescope, Hubble and the Very Large Telescope. Because dust dims infrared light less than optical light, a real dust cloud should look brighter to Webb than to Hubble — but the cavity appeared equally dark at both wavelengths, ruling dust out. Instead, MUSE spectroscopy revealed two separate pockets of ionized gas on opposite sides of the void, with two distinct sets of emission lines consistent with a black-hole binary totaling about 60 ± 20 billion solar masses. The favored picture: two ultramassive black holes spiraling slowly toward each other, flinging stars outward as they go and carving the starless cavity. Individual black holes above 60 billion solar masses have been identified only a handful of times, and if confirmed this pair would be among the most massive black-hole binaries known. The authors caution that an alternative — a compact starburst masquerading as the second source — is less likely but not fully excluded. Published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters.
Michael McDonald(マサチューセッツ工科大学)率いるチームは、ジェイムズ・ウェッブ宇宙望遠鏡・ハッブル・超大型望遠鏡(VLT)を使ってこの説を検証した。ダストは可視光より赤外線を通しやすいので、本当にダスト雲ならウェッブ(赤外)ではハッブル(可視)より明るく見えるはず。ところが空洞はどちらの波長でも同じように暗く、ダスト説は否定された。代わりにMUSE分光により、空洞の反対側に2つの電離ガスの塊と、2組の異なる輝線が見つかり、合計で太陽の約600±200億倍のブラックホール連星と整合することがわかった。有力なシナリオは、2つの超大質量ブラックホールが互いにゆっくり渦を巻きながら近づき、周囲の星を弾き飛ばして“星のない空洞”を刻んだ、というもの。太陽の600億倍を超える単独ブラックホールはこれまで数例しか見つかっておらず、確認されればこのペアは既知で最大級のブラックホール連星となる。著者らは、2つ目の光源が“コンパクトなスターバースト(爆発的星形成)”である別の可能性も、より低いものの完全には排除できないと注意を促している。Astrophysical Journal Lettersに掲載された。
As the simplest multi-electron atom, helium is a prime testbed for fundamental physics: high-precision spectroscopy can both sharpen atomic theory and serve as a sensitive probe of nuclear charge radii. Its long-lived, optically accessible 2³S₁ state lets atoms be cooled, trapped and detected with exquisite control.
K. Steinebach, J. C. J. Koelemeij, H. L. Bethlem and K. S. E. Eikema (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) report an improved measurement of the 2³S₁ → 2¹S₀ transition frequency in helium-4 with just 48 Hz uncertainty (0.25 parts per trillion), using a Bose–Einstein condensate held in a magic-wavelength optical dipole trap. A systematic Doppler shift from the condensate’s motion is suppressed by time-resolved ion detection, and the frequency is calibrated against a remote active hydrogen-maser clock via a “White Rabbit” link. Combined with earlier helium-3 data and improved theory, they obtain the most precise value to date for the squared charge-radius difference between the alpha particle and the helion, rh² − rα² = 1.0676(10) fm². The result is consistent with other recent determinations and confirms that the current discrepancy between QED theory and measured helium ionization energies does not show up in the isotope shift. Published in Physical Review Letters.
K. Steinebach、J. C. J. Koelemeij、H. L. Bethlem、K. S. E. Eikema(アムステルダム自由大学)は、ボース・アインシュタイン凝縮したヘリウム4を魔法波長の光双極子トラップに閉じ込め、ヘリウム4の 2³S₁ → 2¹S₀ 遷移周波数をわずか48ヘルツ(0.25兆分の1=0.25 ppt)の不確かさで測定した。凝縮体の運動による系統的なドップラーシフトは時間分解イオン検出で抑え、周波数は「ホワイト・ラビット」リンクを介して遠隔の水素メーザー原子時計と較正した。過去のヘリウム3のデータと改良された理論を組み合わせ、α粒子(ヘリウム4核)とヘリオン(ヘリウム3核)の電荷半径の2乗差について過去最高精度の値 rh² − rα² = 1.0676(10) fm² を得た。この結果は他の最近の決定とも整合し、ヘリウムのQED(量子電磁力学)理論と実測イオン化エネルギーの間に現存する“食い違い”が、同位体シフトには現れないことを確認した。Physical Review Lettersに掲載された。
🛰️ / 太陽が活発になると「宇宙ゴミ」は速く落ちる——36年分のデータで“落下加速のしきい値”を発見。1960年代打ち上げの17個の宇宙デブリを3つの太陽周期(第22〜24周期、1986〜2024年)にわたり追跡。黒点数が各周期の最大値の約3分の2(67〜75%)を超えると、デブリが“遷移境界”を越えて一気に速く落下し始めることを実証。しきい値は放射の絶対値ではなく“太陽活動のピークへの近さ”で決まる。衛星の寿命・燃料・衝突予測に直結(Ashruf・Bhaskar・Vineeth・Pant、ヴィクラム・サラバイ宇宙センター(インド)ほか、Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences掲載)
The Sun runs on a roughly 11-year cycle, swinging between quiet spells and peaks marked by a surge of sunspots. Near the peak it emits more ultraviolet and extreme-ultraviolet radiation, heating the thermosphere and puffing denser air upward — which drags on anything in low Earth orbit and pulls it down faster. Where exactly that faster descent kicks in, however, had been unclear.
Ayisha M. Ashruf, Ankush Bhaskar, C. Vineeth and Tarun Kumar Pant (Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, India) tracked 17 pieces of space debris — all launched in the 1960s, still in orbit today at 600–800 km, and never maneuvered, so their orbits reflect nothing but the surrounding atmosphere — across three complete solar cycles (cycles 22–24, 1986–2024) using Two-Line Element (TLE) data. They found a clear, repeatable threshold: once the sunspot number climbs past roughly two-thirds (about 67–75%) of its cycle maximum, the debris crosses a “transition boundary” and begins falling much faster, coincident with a surge in solar extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) flux that heats and expands the thermosphere. Crucially, the threshold is tied not to a fixed level of solar radiation but to how close the Sun is to its own peak activity; geomagnetic indices (Ap, AE, Dst) correlate only weakly, confirming EUV forcing as the primary driver. The effect is expected to hold for station-keeping satellites too, giving operators and debris trackers concrete numbers for planning orbit corrections, fuel budgets and collision-avoidance in the years around solar maximum. Published in Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences.
Ayisha M. Ashruf、Ankush Bhaskar、C. Vineeth、Tarun Kumar Pant(インド・ヴィクラム・サラバイ宇宙センターほか)は、17個の宇宙デブリを3つの太陽周期(第22〜24周期、1986〜2024年)にわたり、2行軌道要素(TLE)データを使って追跡した。これらはすべて1960年代に打ち上げられ、現在も高度600〜800kmに残り、一度も軌道制御されていないため、その軌道変化は周囲の大気だけを反映する。解析の結果、明確で再現性のあるしきい値が見つかった。黒点数がその周期の最大値の約3分の2(67〜75%)を超えると、デブリは“遷移境界”を越えて一気に速く落ち始める。これは太陽の極端紫外線(EUV)放射の急増と一致し、EUVが熱圏を暖めて膨張させることによる。重要なのは、このしきい値が放射の絶対値ではなく“太陽がどれだけ自らのピーク活動に近いか”で決まる点だ。地磁気指数(Ap・AE・Dst)との相関は弱く、EUVによる駆動が主因であることが裏づけられた。同じ効果は軌道保持を行う実運用の衛星にも当てはまると期待され、太陽極大期前後の軌道修正・燃料計画・衝突回避に、運用者やデブリ監視者が使える具体的な数値を与える。Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciencesに掲載された。
Liquid water is famously anomalous — it expands as it freezes — and these quirks are linked to a suspected liquid–liquid phase transition between high- and low-density states in the deeply supercooled regime. At the molecular level, tetrahedral hydrogen-bond networks govern the behavior, which has motivated many “structural descriptors” that try to capture the local molecular environment. But these were largely proposed independently, with little systematic comparison.
Kohei Yoshikawa, Kokoro Shikata, Kang Kim and Nobuyuki Matubayasi (The University of Osaka) evaluate 16 previously proposed descriptors within a single, unified framework built around a neural network that classifies temperature from a molecular configuration — an objective test of how well each descriptor captures temperature-dependent structural change. They then apply explainable AI to identify which structural features drive the model’s predictions, revealing how different descriptors encode local information and establishing a data-driven way to benchmark structural descriptors in liquid water. The work offers a systematic scheme where none existed before for characterizing water’s microscopic structural changes. Published in Communications Chemistry.
From navigation to space-weather forecasting, many fields need space-based sensors that measure Earth’s magnetic field as accurately as possible at any moment. Existing sensors, though, have long struggled with drift, interference from the spacecraft itself, and the harsh conditions of orbit.
Yarne Beerden, Jaroslav Hruby and colleagues (Hasselt University and imec, Belgium) developed a diamond-based quantum magnetometer — OSCAR-QUBE — that uses nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond and optically detected magnetic resonance to read magnetic fields. Built by a student team through ESA’s Orbit Your Thesis programme, it was flown to the International Space Station in August 2021 and installed inside the station’s ICE Cubes facility, where it operated for about 10 months (2021–2022) in low Earth orbit and returned vector field measurements that matched the World Magnetic Model. The device is strikingly compact: a 1U form factor (a 10-cm cube), weighing 420 g and drawing just 5 W, with a sensitivity below 300 nT/√Hz. The authors are careful to frame the mission as a proof of concept: operating inside the ISS, the sensor picked up electromagnetic interference from station equipment that set a floor on its precision, and its in-orbit performance did not surpass state-of-the-art conventional magnetometers. What it demonstrated is that a diamond quantum sensor can survive launch, radiation and thermal cycling and keep working — pointing toward future, better-shielded units on constellations of small satellites for high-resolution geomagnetic mapping. Published in Physical Review Applied.
Across cosmic history, several core-collapse supernovae explode every second, and the neutrinos they emit have accumulated into a faint, all-sky glow called the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background (DSNB). Detecting it would offer a direct, integrated record of star formation, nucleosynthesis and compact-object formation over the age of the Universe — but the signal is extraordinarily weak and easily buried under backgrounds.
The Super-Kamiokande Collaboration (about 250 researchers from 60 institutions) reports the first observational indication of the DSNB. Since 2020 the 50,000-tonne water Cherenkov detector, 1,000 m underground in Gifu, Japan, has been loaded with dissolved gadolinium (the SK-Gd phase), which sharpens the neutron-capture signature that tags electron antineutrinos. Analysing roughly 5,000 days of Super-Kamiokande observations, the team found a 2.6σ (99.5% C.L.) excess of events in the 13.3–81.3 MeV range. Because it falls short of the 5σ discovery threshold, the result is described as an indication rather than a definitive detection, yet it already constrains models of the cosmic supernova rate. The collaboration plans to combine continuing Super-Kamiokande data with its successor Hyper-Kamiokande to push toward a firm detection. Presented on 25 June 2026 at Neutrino 2026 (XXXII International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics), UC Irvine.
⚖️ / 重陽子の「永久電気双極子能率(EDM)」に世界初の実験的上限——蓄積リングCOSYで重陽子ビームの不変スピン軸のわずかな傾きを精密測定し、|d_d| < 2.5×10⁻¹⁷ e·cm(95%信頼度)を導出。EDMは時間反転(T)=CP対称性の破れの鋭敏なプローブで、宇宙の物質-反物質非対称の起源に迫る(JEDI国際共同実験、Phys. Rev. Lett. 掲載)
A permanent electric dipole moment (EDM) — a tiny separation of positive and negative charge aligned with a particle’s spin — would violate time-reversal (T) and hence CP symmetry. The Standard Model predicts immeasurably small EDMs, so any measurable value points to new physics and to extra CP violation of the kind needed to explain the cosmic matter–antimatter asymmetry. The neutron and electron have long been probed; the deuteron (a proton bound to a neutron) had never been measured directly.
The JEDI collaboration derives the first experimental limit on the deuteron EDM using the Cooler Synchrotron (COSY), a conventional magnetic storage ring. For a charged particle in a ring, an EDM would tilt the invariant spin axis slightly out of the ring plane. Combining a radio-frequency Wien filter, a superconducting Siberian snake and an electron-cooler solenoid, the team measured tilts of only a few milliradians, dominated by systematic effects. From these they set |dd| < 2.5×10−17 e·cm (95% C.L.) — a landmark first bound that establishes storage-ring EDM techniques for light nuclei and lays groundwork for dedicated future rings. Published in Physical Review Letters.
Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for large-scale quantum computers, but it demands repeated mid-circuit measurements (MCMs): ancilla qubits are read out many times during a computation to check for errors. Each readout takes time, and the data qubits must sit idle while it happens — and that idling is itself a source of noise.
Researchers from the University of Sydney working with IBM quantified this failure mechanism and showed how to beat it. Running benchmarks on a 156-qubit IBM Quantum Heron r2 superconducting processor (in an IBM Quantum System Two), they found that measurement-induced idling noise is one of the dominant limitations on error-corrected logic-gate fidelity in today’s hardware. By redesigning the QEC circuitry to compact the schedule and shorten idling during ancilla readouts, they raised the logical-qubit survival rate from below 90% to above 96% per error-correction cycle. Rather than a new device, the work pins down quantitatively what performance the error checks must reach, giving concrete engineering targets for scalable, fault-tolerant quantum computing. Lead author Robin Harper (Sydney Nano) with Stephen Bartlett, IBM’s Ben Brown and UCL’s Constance Lainé; published in Nature Communications.
♨️ / 「量子ムペンバ効果」を超伝導量子プロセッサで観測・制御——初期の対称性の破れが大きい状態ほど対称性を速く回復するという反直観的現象を、全結合・可変結合アーキテクチャの超伝導プロセッサで実証。量子状態トモグラフィで測ったエンタングルメント非対称性(EA)を指標に、結合の遠近・オンサイト電位・初期状態を独立に操作して効果を制御し、傾いたネール状態からのクエンチで効果を確認、線形電位や傾いた強磁性状態からのクエンチで再出現させた(後者は乱れにも頑健)(Xuら、Phys. Rev. Lett. 掲載)
The classical Mpemba effect is the surprising observation that hotter water can freeze faster than cooler water. Its quantum analogue — the quantum Mpemba effect (QME) — is equally counterintuitive: in a non-equilibrium many-body system, a state that starts with greater symmetry breaking can restore symmetry faster than one that starts closer to symmetric. Theory has surged, but flexible experimental control has been scarce.
A team reports the observation and modulation of QME on a superconducting processor with an all-to-all connected, tunable-coupling architecture, which lets them dial interactions from short- to long-range and independently tune coupling regimes, on-site potentials and initial states. Symmetry restoration is quantified by the entanglement asymmetry (EA) — the relative entropy between a subsystem’s reduced density matrix and its symmetric projection — reconstructed via quantum state tomography. In strong short-range coupling, EA crossovers during quenches from tilted Néel states confirm QME; in intermediate coupling it is suppressed; and it re-emerges with on-site linear potentials or quenches from tilted ferromagnetic states, the latter robust against on-site disorder. The result demonstrates flexible, multi-parameter control of QME and opens uses in quantum information. Xu et al., published in Physical Review Letters.
🧲 / アルターマグネットで「切り替え可能なキラルマグノン」を直接観測——第3の磁性「アルターマグネット」の代表物質MnTe(テルル化マンガン)で、偏極中性子非弾性散乱により“利き手(カイラリティ)”を持つスピン波の量子=キラルマグノンを直接観測。さらに磁場でマグノンのカイラリティを可逆的にスイッチできることを示し、漏れ磁場のない効率的なマグノン・スピン流制御への基盤を築く(Liu・Masudaら、Phys. Rev. Lett. 掲載)
Chiral magnons — the quanta of handed spin waves — carry spin angular momentum without the Joule heating that plagues charge currents. Altermagnets, the recently identified third class of magnetic order, were predicted to host chiral magnons through a non-relativistic exchange mechanism similar to ferromagnets but without any net magnetization, making them a stray-field-free platform for magnon spin currents. Directly proving the handed character of these magnons had, however, remained elusive.
Using polarized inelastic neutron scattering on the prototypical altermagnet MnTe (manganese telluride) — whose two opposite-spin Mn sublattices are related by a sixfold improper rotation — the team directly observed chiral magnons, resolving the two magnon branches of opposite handedness. Crucially, they showed the magnon chirality can be reversibly switched by an applied magnetic field, establishing controllable, functional altermagnetic magnonics. The work builds a robust foundation for stray-field-free, low-dissipation spin-current devices. Liu, Masuda et al., published in Physical Review Letters.
⚛️ / 光ピンセット(光ツイーザー)でリュードベリ電子の“軌道”を彫刻する新提案——リュードベリ電子の軌道よりも細く絞ったガウスレーザーで、高々に励起した原子の電子物質波を局所的・時空間的に操作。強いリュードベリ状態混合でキロデバイ級の巨大双極子モーメントを生み、ツイーザー強度で高速変調できる(Rivera-Rodríguez・Eiles・Pfau・Meinert、マックスプランク複雑系物理学研究所(ドレスデン)/シュトゥットガルト大学、Phys. Rev. Lett. 掲載)
A Rydberg atom has one electron promoted to a very high orbit, giving it an enormous, delicate wavefunction. Controlling that wavefunction locally — not just the atom as a whole — would open new routes for quantum simulation and sensing, but the electron cloud is far larger than an ordinary laser focus, so it has been hard to reach inside it.
Homar Rivera-Rodríguez, Matthew T. Eiles, Tilman Pfau and Florian Meinert propose the local manipulation and spatiotemporal “sculpting” of the electronic matter wave of a Rydberg atom using a laser focused so tightly that its beam width is smaller than the Rydberg electron orbit. Computing the electronic eigenstates in such a sharply focused Gaussian beam, they find strong Rydberg state mixing that produces giant kilo-Debye dipole moments, which can be modulated at high bandwidth by the local tweezer intensity. Oscillations in the position-dependent level shifts — analogous to the wells that bind ultralong-range Rydberg molecules — allow eccentric radial trapping of the Rydberg electron via ponderomotive forces acting on the sub-orbit structure. The scheme turns the optical tweezer into a scalpel for the electron cloud itself. Published in Physical Review Letters, 1 July 2026.
🧮 / 中性原子量子ビットを“光子1個レベル”で高速読み出し——ニューラルネットワークとベイズ推定を組み合わせ、中性原子アレイの蛍光読み出しを単一状態の校正だけで実現。置換不変なニューラルネットでベイズ推定を1回の順伝搬に圧縮し100倍高速化、ヒストグラム重なり61%・72%で相対読み出し忠実度99%超・98%超を達成(Zhou・Xu・Chen・Shenら、山西大学、Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 013601)
Scaling up a neutral-atom quantum computer means reading out the state of every atom quickly and gently. Atom arrays use fluorescence readout, but to avoid heating and atom loss the exposure must be short — and in the single-photon regime the “bright” and “dark” signal distributions overlap so badly that a simple brightness threshold fails.
Yaoting Zhou, Zhongxiao Xu, Li Chen, Heng Shen and colleagues (Shanxi University) report a neural-network-assisted Bayesian inference method for fluorescence readout in neutral-atom arrays. Their weakly anchored Bayesian scheme needs calibration of only one state, sidestepping the asymmetric-calibration problem common to many quantum platforms, and a permutation-invariant neural network compresses the Bayesian inference into a single forward pass for a 100-fold speedup. The method reaches relative readout fidelity above 99% and 98% even when the bright/dark histograms overlap by 61% and 72%, enabling reliable extraction of Rabi oscillations from very few photons. Published in Physical Review Letters, 30 June 2026.
Keywords: neutral atom, 中性原子, atom array, 原子アレイ, qubit readout, 量子ビット読み出し, fluorescence readout, 蛍光読み出し, single photon, 単一光子
🧲 / 鉄ナノクラスターの形とスピン磁気モーメントを高精度で確定——赤外多光子解離分光と密度汎関数計算を組み合わせ、3~12個の鉄原子からなるカチオンクラスターの幾何構造とスピン状態を確定。XMCDから推定されるスピン磁気モーメントの不確かさを大幅に削減(Kaw・Ferrari・Lievensら、ルーヴェン・カトリック大学/HFML-FELIX研究所、Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 013002)
In clusters of only a few atoms, geometry and electronic structure are tightly intertwined, so the exact arrangement of atoms decides the cluster’s magnetism and reactivity. For transition metals like iron this is especially hard: many unpaired electrons give rise to numerous closely spaced spin and geometric isomers, and theory alone often makes contradictory predictions about the true ground state.
Kevin Anthony Kaw, Piero Ferrari, Ewald Janssens, Peter Lievens and colleagues (KU Leuven, with the HFML-FELIX laboratory in Nijmegen, the Netherlands) combine infrared multiple-photon dissociation spectroscopy — using a rare-gas “messenger” atom — with density-functional-theory calculations to conclusively assign the geometries and spin states of cationic iron clusters of 3 to 12 atoms. Because the vibrational spectra encode both structure and spin multiplicity, the method sharply reduces the uncertainties in spin magnetic moments that had been inferred indirectly from x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), and it provides a stringent benchmark for theoretical predictions of transition-metal clusters. Published in Physical Review Letters, 1 July 2026, and highlighted as an APS Physics synopsis.
Kevin Anthony Kaw、Piero Ferrari、Ewald Janssens、Peter Lievensら(ルーヴェン・カトリック大学、オランダ・ナイメーヘンのHFML-FELIX研究所と共同)は、希ガスの“メッセンジャー”原子を用いた赤外多光子解離分光と密度汎関数理論(DFT)計算を組み合わせ、3~12個の鉄原子からなるカチオン(陽イオン)クラスターの幾何構造とスピン状態を確定的に割り当てた。振動スペクトルには構造とスピン多重度の両方が刻まれているため、X線磁気円偏光二色性(XMCD)から間接的に推定されてきたスピン磁気モーメントの不確かさを大幅に削減し、遷移金属クラスターの理論予測を検証する厳密なベンチマークとなる。Physical Review Letters、2026年7月1日掲載(APS Physics誌のsynopsisで紹介)。
Keywords: iron cluster, 鉄クラスター, nanocluster, ナノクラスター, spin magnetic moment, スピン磁気モーメント, transition metal, 遷移金属, IR-MPD, infrared multiple photon dissociation
🔥 / 共晶合金が“溶ける”ときのパターン形成を解明——二相の層状共晶固体の溶解ダイナミクスを、透明共晶合金を用いたその場(in situ)薄試料実験と同一合金に合わせた2次元フェーズフィールド計算で解析。溶解速度と層間隔に応じて予想外に豊かな溶解パターンが現れ、実験とシミュレーションがよく一致(Rajan・Bottin-Rousseau・Akamatsuら、Access e.V.(アーヘン)/ソルボンヌ大学・CNRS、Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 256301)
Eutectic solidification — how a molten alloy freezes into a fine two-phase composite — is a textbook example of pattern formation out of equilibrium and underpins the strength of many alloys. Its reverse, eutectic melting, has been studied far less, even though additive manufacturing repeatedly drives materials through partial melting and re-solidification cycles.
Rahul Nellissery Rajan, Sabine Bottin-Rousseau, Silvère Akamatsu and colleagues (Access e.V., Aachen, and Sorbonne Université / CNRS, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris) study the melting dynamics of a two-phase eutectic solid. Combining in situ thin-sample experiments on a transparent model alloy with two-dimensional phase-field simulations calibrated to the very same alloy, they follow directional melting in a temperature gradient. Depending on the melting velocity and the spacing of the pre-solidified lamellae, an unexpectedly rich diversity of melting patterns emerges, with good agreement between experiment and simulation — casting new light on the physical mechanisms that govern steady-state melting fronts and their transformations. Published in Physical Review Letters, 26 June 2026.
🌀 / 光渦レーザーの放射を一方向にロックする“連続リング”を実現——二層フォトニック結晶の等方的なバンド間結合を設計し、運動量空間で一方向にのみ放射する一方向導波共鳴(UGR)のトポロジカルに保護された連続リングを構築。連続コンティニュアム束縛状態(BIC)を伴う位相渦となり、頑健な光渦レーザーの基盤となる(Su・Songら、Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 016201)
Unidirectional guided resonances (UGRs) are optical modes in a photonic-crystal slab that radiate to one side only, without needing a mirror on the other — a topological polarization singularity in momentum space. Until now, though, only a handful of discrete UGRs could be realized at isolated points, limiting their use.
Zengping Su, Qinghua Song and colleagues demonstrate an unprecedented continuous ring of UGRs in a hexagonal bilayer cylinder array, whose formation is governed by isotropic interband coupling that ensures robust, azimuthally continuous unidirectional emission. By leveraging an in-plane inversion-symmetry-protected bound state in the continuum (BIC) at the Γ point, the continuous ring inherits the BIC’s topology, appearing as a phase vortex with a nontrivial topological charge. This combination of continuous unidirectionality and a global topological charge is a robust platform for devices such as vortex lasers whose emission is locked to a single direction. Published in Physical Review Letters, 1 July 2026.
Keywords: unidirectional guided resonance, UGR, 一方向導波共鳴, bound state in the continuum, BIC, 連続体中の束縛状態, photonic crystal, フォトニック結晶, bilayer, 二層
🌌 / 重力波カタログGWTC-4から「3つの部分集団」の合体ブラックホール——主星質量ごとに異なる3群が浮かび上がり、繰り返し合体(階層的合体)で生まれた大質量ブラックホール連星の存在を示唆(Banagiri・Thrane・Laskyら、Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 021403 & 021404)
With the release of the fourth LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA gravitational-wave catalog (GWTC-4), the population of merging binary black holes is coming into sharp focus. Sharan Banagiri, Eric Thrane & Paul D. Lasky (Monash University / OzGrav) report evidence for (at least) three subpopulations of merging black holes separated by their primary mass, while an independent analysis by Cailin Plunkett, Salvatore Vitale, Thomas Callister & Michael Zevin finds decisive evidence for a subpopulation of hierarchical mergers.
Different formation channels are expected to leave different fingerprints in the data, and the converging picture points to a distinct population of massive black-hole binaries built up through repeated (hierarchical) mergers — black holes that are themselves the products of earlier mergers. The result sharpens how gravitational-wave surveys can disentangle the astrophysical origins of black holes. Published in Physical Review Letters, 6 July 2026, with an accompanying commentary in APS’s Physics magazine.
LIGO・Virgo・KAGRAの第4回重力波カタログ(GWTC-4)の公開により、合体するブラックホール連星の集団像が鮮明になりつつある。Sharan Banagiri・Eric Thrane・Paul D. Lasky(モナシュ大学/OzGrav)が主星質量で分かれる(少なくとも)3つの部分集団の証拠を報告し、独立にCailin Plunkett・Salvatore Vitale・Thomas Callister・Michael Zevinが階層的合体に由来する部分集団の決定的な証拠を見いだした。
🕳 / 真空が破れるとき——LISAが狙う極小質量比インスパイラル(EMRI)に周囲環境の影響があるかを、余分な仮定なしに検出する非パラメトリック検定を提案(Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 021405)
Gravitational-wave signals are usually analyzed under the vacuum hypothesis — assuming the astrophysical surroundings are negligible. But for low-frequency sources such as extreme mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs), prime targets for the space detector LISA, that assumption may break down: EMRIs are expected to form, at least in part, in dense environments such as active galactic nuclei or dark-matter spikes and cores.
Because these environmental effects are highly uncertain, modeling them parametrically is hard. The authors instead propose a nonparametric self-consistency test: they check whether the vacuum parameters inferred from different portions of the same signal agree with one another. Statistically significant disagreement flags the presence of an environment — or a deviation from general relativity — without adding any new parameters or assumptions about the underlying physics. Published in Physical Review Letters, 7 July 2026.
Keywords: EMRI, 極小質量比インスパイラル, LISA, gravitational waves, 重力波, environmental effects, 環境効果, dark matter spike, 暗黒物質スパイク, accretion disk
🌊 / 生まれたてのBECに自発的な量子乱流——熱クエンチでのボーズ=アインシュタイン凝縮をキブル=ズレック機構で駆動し、量子渦が増殖する非平衡普遍性(コルモゴロフ則)を確立(Shinn・del Campoら、Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 020402)
The Kibble–Zurek mechanism (KZM) predicts that when a system is driven through a continuous phase transition at a finite rate, topological defects form spontaneously. Seong-Ho Shinn, Matteo Massaro, Mithun Thudiyangal & Adolfo del Campo propose that this same mechanism can generate spontaneous quantum turbulence (SQT) during Bose–Einstein condensation triggered by a thermal quench.
Using simulations of the stochastic projected Gross–Pitaevskii equation in two dimensions, they follow a newborn condensate becoming riddled with quantum vortices. The emerging turbulence obeys nonequilibrium universality: both Kibble–Zurek scaling and Kolmogorov scaling of the incompressible kinetic energy appear together, tying defect formation at a phase transition to the classic statistics of turbulence. Published in Physical Review Letters, 7 July 2026.
キブル=ズレック機構(KZM)は、連続相転移を有限の速さで横切るとトポロジカル欠陥が自発的に生じると予測する。Seong-Ho Shinn・Matteo Massaro・Mithun Thudiyangal・Adolfo del Campoは、熱クエンチで引き起こされるボーズ=アインシュタイン凝縮の途中で、この機構が自発的な量子乱流(SQT)を生み得ると提案した。
🔗 / もつれた初期状態からのエンタングルメント成長を「生成(build)」と「移動(move)」に分解——中程度のもつれでエントロピー成長が最大化する非単調な振る舞いを発見(Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 020404)
Studies of entanglement dynamics have mostly started from simple product states. Here the authors ask what happens when the initial state is already entangled, and find surprisingly rich behavior across systems from many-body localization (MBL) to random quantum circuits.
Their central finding: in many nonergodic systems, the growth of entanglement entropy is nonmonotonic in the initial entanglement, peaking for moderately entangled starting states. To explain this, they split entanglement growth into two mechanisms — “build”, which creates new entanglement, and “move”, which redistributes existing entanglement. MBL dynamics turn out to be “move-dominated”, quantitatively matching a random-SWAP circuit of pure “move” dynamics. The framework unifies entanglement generation and transport. Published in Physical Review Letters, 7 July 2026.
Keywords: entanglement entropy, エンタングルメントエントロピー, many-body localization, 多体局在, MBL, random quantum circuit, ランダム量子回路, quantum many-body, 量子多体系, build and move
⚖️ / ノイズのある自由フェルミオンの輸送に普遍性が創発——強ノイズ極限で相関行列の統計が量子単純対称排他過程(QSSEP)の普遍クラスに従い、電荷輸送は本質的に古典的になる(Costa・Ribeiro・De Luca、Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 020403)
João Costa, Pedro Ribeiro & Andrea De Luca analyze how different kinds of noise affect one-dimensional systems of noninteracting (free) fermions. In the strong-noise limit, they show — under mild assumptions — that the statistics of the fermionic correlation matrix converge, in the thermodynamic limit, to a universal form described by the quantum simple symmetric exclusion process (QSSEP).
For charge transport, QSSEP and every model in its universality class share the same large-deviation function for the transferred charge as the classical SSEP. A key ingredient is a gauge-like invariance in the choice of the bond where the current is measured, which lets them compute the cumulant-generating function exactly and establish an exact QSSEP–SSEP correspondence, backed by numerics. The upshot: a broad class of noisy free-fermion models has essentially classical transport. Published in Physical Review Letters, 7 July 2026.
João Costa・Pedro Ribeiro・Andrea De Lucaは、さまざまなノイズが1次元の相互作用のない(自由)フェルミオン系に与える影響を解析した。強ノイズ極限では、穏やかな仮定のもと、フェルミ相関行列の統計が熱力学的極限で量子単純対称排他過程(QSSEP)の普遍形に収束することを示した。
📊 / ノイズのあるデータから非ガウス量子状態を事前知識なしで再構成——トモグラフ表現に基づく非パラメトリックなカーネル量子状態推定(KQSE)で、密度行列や純度・トレース距離などを最適に近い収束で推定(Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 020201)
Continuous-variable quantum systems underpin quantum computing, communication and sensing, yet wave functions and density matrices are often impractical to handle. The tomographic picture represents quantum states as ordinary classical probability distributions (tomograms) — convenient, but held back by a lack of robust estimators.
This Letter fills that gap with a nonparametric kernel quantum state estimation (KQSE) framework that reconstructs quantum states and their trace characteristics directly from noisy data, with no prior knowledge of the state. KQSE delivers the density matrix in various bases and trace quantities such as purity, higher moments, overlap and trace distance with near-optimal convergence. Published in Physical Review Letters, 7 July 2026.
🧵 / アーベルトポロジカル秩序を探る「骨格(skeleton)」等長テンソルネットワーク状態を構築——ストリングネット不動点を安定に変形し、量子プロセッサで実装可能・古典計算でも効率的に扱える相転移の解析例を提供(Boesl・Pollmann・Knapら、Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 020405)
Julian Boesl, Yu-Jie Liu, Frank Pollmann & Michael Knap (TU Munich / MCQST / MIT) construct parametrized isometric tensor-network states — which they call “skeletons” — that let one explore phases of Abelian topological order and can be run directly on quantum processors.
The skeletons are stable, finite-correlation-length deformations of string-net fixed points, built by conserving virtual symmetries and imposing local isometry constraints. They connect distinct topological phases through a shared critical point, giving analytically tractable examples of phase transitions beyond anyon condensation. Mapping these 2D tensor networks onto 1D stochastic automata makes expectation values of generalized Pauli strings of arbitrary weight efficiently computable classically, so the states double as an organizing principle for topological order and a testbed for quantum hardware. Published in Physical Review Letters, 7 July 2026.
🖧 / トラップイオン量子ネットワークで時間多モードのイオン間もつれを実証——10の時間フォトンモードを使い、1.2kmの光ファイバー越しにイオン間もつれ生成を4.59倍高速化、忠実度95.9%を達成(Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 020803)
Quantum networks and repeaters are the backbone of future distributed quantum computing and long-distance quantum communication, and a key step is establishing heralded entanglement between remote nodes efficiently and with high fidelity. Here researchers experimentally demonstrate multimode-enhanced heralded entanglement between two trapped-ion network nodes.
By harnessing ten temporal photonic modes, they achieve a 4.59-fold speedup in ion–ion entanglement generation and an entanglement fidelity of 95.9% ± 1.5% across 1.2 km of optical fiber. Temporal multimoding is a practical route to accelerating remote entanglement distribution over the long fibers a real quantum network would need. Published in Physical Review Letters, 7 July 2026.
🌀 / メタキャビティ量子電磁力学——幾何学的位相メタキャビティに埋め込んだ量子ドットから、波面を自由に設計した単光子(渦ビームやホログラムパターン)をPurcell増強とともに放出する200nmデバイス(Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 023601)
Cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED) harnesses light–matter interaction to make nonclassical light, but a single cavity struggles to deliver Purcell enhancement and tailored wave-front control at the same time — the two demand conflicting resonators. The authors resolve this tension with geometric-phase metacavities: triggered single-photon emission from semiconductor quantum dots whose wave fronts are designed at will.
These monolithic devices are only 200 nm thick yet provide Purcell-enhanced emission together with spin–momentum-locked radiation, optical vortex beams and holographic patterns, set by the design. A meta-atom lattice supplies high-Q confinement, while spatially rotated elliptical holes outcouple photons in the desired state. The work merges metasurface wave-front shaping with cQED, pointing toward compact, multiplexed quantum-light sources. Published in Physical Review Letters, 7 July 2026.
🤖 / 量子コンピュータが「自分のエラーから学んで自動調整する」——誤り訂正がもともと生むエラー検出信号を強化学習エージェントに与え、1,000個以上の制御パラメータを計算を止めずに連続校正。論理エラー率の新記録とドリフト耐性を実現(Google Quantum AI × Google DeepMind、Willowプロセッサ、Nature)
A quantum computer is like an orchestra whose instruments drift out of tune every few bars. Today’s machines must halt the computation and run dedicated calibration passes to retune — a costly interruption that gets worse as processors grow.
Google Quantum AI and Google DeepMind showed that this stop-and-retune cycle can be eliminated. Quantum error correction already produces a continuous stream of error-detection events as a by-product; a reinforcement learning agent can read that stream and steer the machine’s analog controls while error-correction cycles are running. On Google’s Willow superconducting processor the agent managed more than 1,000 control parameters — the settings that translate an abstract QEC circuit into actual control waveforms — achieving record logical error rates and markedly better resilience to drift. The approach exploits sparsity: each detector responds only to gates inside its own detecting region, so the problem decomposes into thousands of small overlapping sub-problems. In simulation this made convergence speed essentially independent of system size, out to distance-15 codes with roughly 40,000 parameters. Published in Nature on 8 July 2026, with 299 authors.
Google Quantum AI と Google DeepMind は、この「止めて調律する」サイクルを取り除けることを示した。量子誤り訂正(QEC)は副産物としてエラー検出イベントの連続的な流れをすでに生み出している。強化学習エージェントにこの流れを読ませれば、誤り訂正サイクルを回したまま装置のアナログ制御を操作できる、というわけだ。Googleの超伝導プロセッサ「Willow」上で、エージェントは1,000個を超える制御パラメータ——抽象的なQEC回路を実際の制御波形へ翻訳する設定値——を管理し、論理エラー率の新記録と、ドリフト(環境の緩やかな変動)に対する大幅な耐性向上を達成した。鍵となるのは疎性(スパース性)だ。各検出器は自分の「検出領域」内のゲートにしか反応しないため、問題全体が数千個の小さな重なり合う部分問題に分解される。シミュレーションでは、これにより収束速度が系のサイズにほぼ依存しなくなり、符号距離15・約4万パラメータまでスケールした。Nature 2026年7月8日付、著者数299名。
🧲 / スカーミオン格子に「ディスクリネーション(角度欠陥)」を作り安定化——五角形・七角形に整形したFeGe(鉄ゲルマニウム)ナノ構造で、5配位・7配位の角度欠陥を初めて安定化し、ローレンツ電子顕微鏡と電子線ホログラフィーで直接観察(Denneulin・Kiselev・Kuchkin・Dunin-Borkowskiら、ユーリッヒ研究所、Phys. Rev. B 114, 024411)
Magnetic skyrmions — whirlpool-like twists in a material’s magnetic texture — usually pack into a hexagonal lattice, the most space-efficient arrangement, just like circular disks on a table. Such lattices can host defects, and while translational defects (dislocations) have been studied for years, isolated angular defects — disclinations, where a node has five or seven neighbors instead of six — have remained elusive because they are hard to create and stabilize on their own.
Thibaud Denneulin, Nikolai S. Kiselev, Vladyslav M. Kuchkin and Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski (Forschungszentrum Jülich; University of Luxembourg) fabricated pentagon- and heptagon-shaped nanostructures of FeGe using focused-ion-beam milling, geometrically forcing the skyrmion lattice to accommodate a single fivefold or sevenfold disclination. They imaged the magnetic and elastic structure with Lorentz transmission electron microscopy and off-axis electron holography, and controlled the defect by strictly tuning the skyrmion population and the confining energy landscape. Isolating these angular defects gives a clean experimental platform for studying how skyrmion lattices deform and melt — important for skyrmion-based memory and logic devices. Published in Physical Review B, 7 July 2026; highlighted as a Physics Synopsis.
Thibaud Denneulin、Nikolai S. Kiselev、Vladyslav M. Kuchkin、Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowskiら(ユーリッヒ研究所/ルクセンブルク大学)は、集束イオンビーム加工で五角形・七角形に整形したFeGe(鉄ゲルマニウム)ナノ構造を作り、スカーミオン格子を幾何学的に強制して単一の5配位・7配位ディスクリネーションを収めた。ローレンツ透過電子顕微鏡とオフアクシス電子線ホログラフィーで磁気・弾性構造を可視化し、スカーミオンの個数と閉じ込めエネルギー地形を厳密に調整して欠陥を制御した。こうした角度欠陥を単離できたことで、スカーミオン格子がどう変形し“融解”するかを調べる清潔な実験基盤が得られる——スカーミオンを用いたメモリ・論理素子の開発にも重要だ。Physical Review B、2026年7月7日掲載。Physics誌のシノプシスに選出。
Physicists build quantum simulators by arranging individual neutral atoms in optical-tweezer arrays and orchestrating their interactions to mimic other quantum systems. But atoms only hold information while they stay coherent, which caps how many operations — and thus how complex a simulation — can fit in. Moving atoms faster would sidestep that limit.
Zheyuan Li (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign) with Chris H. Greene, Kaden R. A. Hazzard, Zoe Z. Yan, Jacob P. Covey and colleagues propose a blueprint using metastable helium-3 — the lightest, and therefore fastest-moving, trappable atomic species. Because it is so light, inter-tweezer hopping can be ≳3× faster than in previous lithium-6 demonstrations. Crucially, their scheme encodes qubits both in the atoms’ positions and in their vibrational (motional) states: the large energy spacings between helium-3’s vibrational modes make it easy to address the intended mode without exciting others, enabling simulations of bosonic modes and fermionic lattice dynamics alike, plus potential routes to lattice gauge theories and quantum chemistry beyond the Born–Oppenheimer approximation. Published in PRX Quantum; highlighted as a Physics Synopsis.
Zheyuan Li(イリノイ大学アーバナ・シャンペーン校)、Chris H. Greene、Kaden R. A. Hazzard、Zoe Z. Yan、Jacob P. Coveyらは、捕捉可能な原子種の中で最も軽く、したがって最も速く動く準安定ヘリウム3を用いる設計図を提案した。軽いおかげでピンセット間のホッピングを、従来のリチウム6の実証より約3倍以上速くできる。要点は、量子ビットを原子の位置と振動(運動)状態の両方に符号化する点だ。ヘリウム3の振動モードはエネルギー間隔が大きいため、目的のモードだけを他を励起せずに操作でき、ボソン的モードとフェルミオン格子ダイナミクスの双方を模擬できる。格子ゲージ理論や、ボルン・オッペンハイマー近似を超えた量子化学への道も開く。PRX Quantum掲載、Physics誌のシノプシスに選出。
🌈 / チップ上で「スペクトル一様な連続変数量子マイクロコム」を実現——高Qマイクロ共振器のカー効果で、0.7THz帯域に広がる14組の独立な二モードスクイーズド状態を、いずれも4dB超(最大4.3dB)で均一に生成。集積型の連続変数量子技術へ前進(Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 023802)
Continuous-variable (CV) quantum microcombs generated in high-Q microresonators are compact, frequency-multiplexed sources of entangled light modes for integrated quantum information processing. On-chip Kerr-induced two-mode squeezing already exists, but making the squeezing uniform across many mode pairs at once has been a central obstacle.
The authors work out the conditions needed for spectrally uniform squeezing and then build a vacuum-state CV quantum microcomb by combining a resonator with an engineered single-family mode structure and optimized pump conditions. The device delivers 14 independent two-mode squeezed states across a 0.7 THz bandwidth, each showing more than 4 dB of raw squeezing (up to 4.3 dB). This uniform, scalable quantum resource is a key step toward integrated CV quantum technologies that beat classical noise limits — useful for measurement-based quantum computing and quantum networking. Published in Physical Review Letters, 7 July 2026.
Some deep theories of physics — notably the Wheeler–DeWitt equation of quantum gravity — describe the Universe as a single, timeless quantum state with no built-in clock. Yet we plainly experience time flowing from past to future. One way out is relational time: time isn’t external, but emerges from changes inside a system.
Giovanni Barontini (University of Birmingham) tests this idea in the lab with a well-isolated Bose–Einstein condensate of ~24,000 rubidium atoms, split by a thin optical barrier into an “observed” and an “unobserved” sector. He defines an entropic time from a coarse-grained entropy and shows it can robustly order events in the observed sector across repeated cycles of expansion and recollapse — a miniature “big bang” and “big crunch” followed for 120 ms in 2 ms snapshots. This internal time has a clear arrow, can speed up or slow down as entropy is redistributed, and even lets a version of the Schrödinger equation be written using entropic time instead of an external clock. It offers a laboratory testbed for the “problem of time” in quantum gravity and cosmology. Published in Physical Review Research (11 June 2026); coverage resurged in July 2026.
Giovanni Barontini(バーミンガム大学)は、よく孤立させた約24,000個のルビジウム原子のボース・アインシュタイン凝縮体(BEC)を薄い光障壁で「観測される領域」と「観測されない領域」に分け、この考えを実験で検証した。粗視化したエントロピーからエントロピー時間を定義し、それが膨張と再収縮を繰り返す観測領域の出来事を頑健に順序づけられることを示した——ミニチュアの“ビッグバン”と“ビッグクランチ”を120ミリ秒にわたり2ミリ秒ごとに追跡している。この内部時間には明確な向き(時間の矢)があり、エントロピーの再配分に応じて速くも遅くもなり、さらに外部時計の代わりにエントロピー時間を用いてシュレディンガー方程式の一般化まで書ける。量子重力・宇宙論における「時間の問題」を実験室で検証する足場を与える成果だ。Physical Review Research掲載(2026年6月11日)、2026年7月に報道が再燃。
Fermi’s golden rule underpins an enormous share of modern physics and chemistry: it converts a hard-to-see microscopic quantity — a density of states or spectral function — into an easily measured transition rate. Its validity rests on three assumptions: a continuum of final states, an appropriate time window, and weak coupling. In simple models these are easy to check. In a strongly interacting many-body system they are not.
A team led by Nir Navon at Yale, with colleagues at the Joint Quantum Institute (NIST/University of Maryland), turned a homogeneous, strongly interacting spin-1/2 Fermi gas into a testbed. Driving it with a radio-frequency field and measuring the probability of transferring atoms into an outcoupled internal state, they mapped the full dynamical response diagram as a function of pulse duration t and drive strength. For weak drives three regimes appear in sequence: an early-time window where the transition probability grows as t2, an intermediate window where the golden rule holds (probability growing linearly in t), and a long-time non-perturbative regime where it fails. Above a threshold coupling strength the golden-rule window disappears entirely and coherent Rabi oscillations take over. The result is effectively a practical “check your ingredients” chart for anyone interpreting a spectroscopy experiment. Nature Physics, 9 July 2026.
フェルミの黄金律(Fermi's golden rule)は、現代の物理学・化学の膨大な部分を支えている。見えにくい微視的な量——状態密度やスペクトル関数——を、測りやすい遷移レートへと翻訳してくれるからだ。その成立には三つの前提がある。終状態が連続的であること、適切な時間窓であること、そして結合が弱いこと。単純なモデルなら確認は容易だが、強く相互作用する多体系ではそうはいかない。
イェール大学のニル・ナヴォンらのチームは、合同量子研究所(JQI/NIST・メリーランド大学)と共同で、一様で強く相互作用するスピン1/2フェルミ気体を試験台にした。ラジオ波で駆動し、別の内部状態へ移る原子の割合(遷移確率)を測ることで、パルス長 t と駆動の強さを軸にした動的応答相図を丸ごと描き出したのだ。弱い駆動では三つの領域が順に現れる。遷移確率がt2で立ち上がる初期領域、黄金律が成り立つ(確率が t に比例する)中間領域、そして黄金律が破れる長時間の非摂動領域である。さらに結合の強さがある閾値を超えると、黄金律の窓そのものが消え、代わりにコヒーレントなラビ振動が支配するようになる。分光実験を解釈するすべての人にとっての、実用的な「材料チェック表」と言える成果だ。Nature Physics 2026年7月9日付。
Ultracold polar molecules are the ultimate quantum-gas building block: unlike atoms they carry a permanent electric dipole moment plus rich rotational and vibrational structure. But condensing them has been blocked for years by near-universal two-body collisional losses — molecules that get close enough to thermalize also get close enough to destroy each other, so evaporative cooling stalls.
A team at the Chinese University of Hong Kong (Dajun Wang) with the Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Tao Shi) solved this with dual microwave shielding: two microwave fields of different polarization, layered over the trapped molecules, keep colliding pairs apart while still leaving their long-range dipolar interaction adjustable. Starting from an optically trapped gas of ground-state sodium–rubidium (NaRb) molecules, they evaporated to quantum degeneracy and obtained condensates of about 500 molecules. Crucially, the same microwave dressing acts as a continuous interaction dial: turning it moves the system between a gas-phase condensate and a self-bound quantum droplet — a blob held together by its own dipolar attraction, which does not fly apart when the trap is switched off. The gas-to-droplet transition was identified from time-of-flight expansion. Nature Physics, 9 July 2026.
Gigahertz-frequency mechanical oscillators are attractive quantum hardware — they are compact, they interface naturally with both microwaves and light, and a single phonon mode can store a qubit. What has held them back is decoherence of unknown origin.
Peter Rakich’s group at Yale combined non-invasive Brillouin laser spectroscopy with materials analysis on micro-fabricated high-overtone bulk acoustic-wave resonators (µHBARs) made of crystalline quartz, and identified the culprit: phonon–surface interactions. The likely causes are not the polished surface itself but what lies just beneath it — lattice distortion, subsurface damage left by conventional polishing, and a high concentration of elemental impurities near the surface. Stripping that compromised layer away with an optimized chemical-mechanical polishing process produced resonators with quality factors above 240 million at 12 GHz and phonon coherence times reaching the millisecond scale — long enough to make these devices credible long-lived solid-state quantum memories. A striking case of a quantum-technology bottleneck turning out to be a materials-processing problem. Nature Physics, July 2026.
An atomic nucleus is far more than protons and neutrons sitting still. Among its excited states, those with spin 0 and negative parity (0−) are special: they show the influence of the pion — the particle that mediates the nuclear force — unusually clearly, making them a kind of “peephole” into the deep structure of the nucleus. The trouble is that 0− states are extremely hard to excite selectively, so data on them have been scarce.
A collaboration led by Masanori Dozono (Kyoto University), with RIKEN Nishina Center (Tomohiro Uesaka, Shin’ichiro Michimasa), the Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo (Kentaro Yako) and RCNP, Osaka University (Shinsuke Ota), developed a new reaction they call the parity-transfer reaction. A 16O beam is fired at a 12C target; the projectile is converted into 16F in its 0− ground state, which transfers a parity flip to the target and populates 0− states in 12B. Because 16F lives for a vanishingly short time and immediately breaks up into 15O plus a proton, the team measured both fragments in coincidence with RIKEN’s SHARAQ spectrometer and reconstructed the 16F state after the fact — the trick that makes the whole scheme work. A known 0− state in 12B near 9.3 MeV showed up cleanly, validating the method. Systematic studies of 0− states now become possible, with applications including the nuclear matrix elements needed to extract the neutrino mass from double beta decay. Published in Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics on 30 June 2026; announced 9 July.
⚛️ / B中間子の稀な崩壊に「4σの綻び」——LHCb実験がB⁰→K*⁰μ⁺μ⁻崩壊の最も包括的な解析を発表。2011〜2018年の約6,500億個のB中間子崩壊を精査し、標準模型の予測から4標準偏差のずれを確認。新物理の最有力ヒントの一つに(LHCb Collaboration、Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 021802、10 July 2026号)
Since 2013, a rare decay — a neutral B0 meson transforming into an excited kaon (K*0) plus a muon–antimuon pair (μ+μ−) — has repeatedly refused to match Standard Model predictions. Small enough at first to look like a fluctuation, the pattern of discrepancies has grown into one of the most tantalizing hints of physics beyond the Standard Model.
The LHCb Collaboration at CERN now reports its most comprehensive analysis of this “electroweak penguin” decay to date, based on roughly 650 billion B-meson decays recorded between 2011 and 2018. The result shows a tension of four standard deviations (4σ) with the Standard Model. That is not yet the 5σ threshold for a discovery, but it sharpens a decade-old anomaly considerably. LHCb has since recorded three times as many B mesons, and future LHC upgrades in the 2030s aim for a dataset ~15× larger still — enough to settle whether this is new physics or a subtle theory/measurement effect. Published in Physical Review Letters (Editors’ Suggestion) with an accompanying Physics Viewpoint.
Keywords: LHCb, B meson, B中間子, rare decay, 稀崩壊, electroweak penguin, 電弱ペンギン, muon, ミュー粒子, Standard Model
🕳️ / 重力波データが示す「階層的合体で育ったブラックホール」の亜集団——GWTC-4のカタログを複数チームが独立に解析し、繰り返し合体してできた高世代ブラックホールの存在に収束。有効スピンとプレセッションスピンの同時解析から、約45太陽質量を境に集団がほぼ階層的に切り替わる“決定的証拠”(Plunkett・Vitale・Callister・Zevinら〈SPINS〉、Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 021404 ほか)
Most black holes detected via gravitational waves are thought to be “first generation,” born from single collapsing stars. But in dense environments — star clusters, AGN disks — remnants can pair up and merge again, producing hierarchical (repeated) mergers that populate the pair-instability mass gap expected around 45–120 solar masses. Several independent analyses of the fourth LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA catalog, GWTC-4, are now converging on evidence for exactly such a subpopulation.
Cailin Plunkett, Salvatore Vitale, Thomas Callister and Michael Zevin (the SPINS collaboration — MIT, Williams College, Adler Planetarium and others) introduce an astrophysically motivated model in the joint space of effective-inspiral and precessing spins — the spin signatures expected for higher-generation black holes. They find decisive evidence for a population transition above ~45 M☉, matching the anticipated onset of the pair-instability gap, plus a peak in the hierarchical merger rate near ~15 M☉. Companion papers (Banagiri, Thrane & Lasky, who find three subpopulations separated by primary mass; Li, Wang, Tang & Fan on AGN-disk mergers) find consistent mass-dependent spin substructure, suggesting contributions from both metal-rich and metal-poor star clusters. Published across Physical Review Letters vol. 137, iss. 2 (10 July 2026) with a Physics Viewpoint.
♾️ / ブラックホール合体の最終状態は「エントロピー最大化」で決まる?——2つの非スピンブラックホールが準円軌道で合体する際、質量と角運動量を仮想的なカー・ブラックホールに写像するとエントロピーが極大化し、その値が数値相対論の予測する残骸に驚くほど近い(エントロピー差 約0.61%)。熱力学原理が残骸を選ぶという新予想(Rincon-Ramirezら、ペンシルベニア州立大、Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 021406)
The final state of a binary black hole merger is predicted very precisely by numerical relativity — but at the cost of solving Einstein’s equations on supercomputers. Might a simple thermodynamic principle select the remnant instead? Just as maximizing entropy predicts the outcome when two gases mix, without tracking every molecule.
Monica Rincon-Ramirez, Nathan K. Johnson-McDaniel, Eugenio Bianchi, Ish Gupta, Vaishak Prasad and B. S. Sathyaprakash (Penn State’s Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos, and collaborators) use post-Newtonian relations between a quasi-circular, non-spinning binary’s mass M (including binding energy) and angular momentum J. Mapping the instantaneous M and J onto a hypothetical Kerr black hole, they find its entropy reaches a maximum during the inspiral — and that maximum sits strikingly close to the actual remnant predicted by numerical relativity — the entropy differing by only about 0.61% across 62 non-spinning simulations in the SXS catalog. The authors propose an entropy-maximization conjecture: thermodynamic principles may govern which black hole a merger settles into. Published in Physical Review Letters, 7 July 2026.
Keywords: black hole merger, ブラックホール合体, maximum entropy, 最大エントロピー, Kerr black hole, カー・ブラックホール, remnant, 残骸, numerical relativity, 数値相対論
🌙 / 「月そのものを重力波検出器に」——探査機LOLA・GRAILの地形・地殻データを使い、月の重力波応答を初めて高分解能(2km格子)で2次元モデル化。厚い月の地殻がデシヘルツ帯の重力波信号を増幅すること、逆に月の振動から重力波で内部構造を探れること(重力波トモグラフィー)を理論的に示す(Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 021408・021409)
Gravitational waves in the hard-to-reach deci-hertz band (roughly 0.1–1 Hz) carry unique signatures of the early Universe and merging compact objects, yet sit beyond today’s observatories. An old idea is to use the Moon itself as a giant resonant detector: a passing wave makes the whole Moon ring, and seismometers could pick that up. The catch is that the Moon’s rugged surface and lumpy interior make its response hard to model accurately.
Two companion papers tackle this. Lei Zhang and colleagues build the first high-resolution 2D model of the lunar gravitational-wave response, combining high-fidelity spectral-element simulations with normal-mode perturbation theory and resolving topography down to a 2 km grid — using real data from NASA’s LOLA (laser altimeter) and GRAIL (gravity) missions. They find that the Moon’s thick crust amplifies deci-hertz signals. In the companion work, Han Yan and Jan Harms flip the problem into “gravitational-wave tomography”: if the incoming wave’s amplitude is known from Earth-based detectors, measuring the Moon’s seismic response could constrain its internal structure. Together they strengthen the case for future Moon-based gravitational-wave detectors. Published in Physical Review Letters, 9 July 2026.
A laser–plasma accelerator can sustain electric fields orders of magnitude stronger than a conventional radio-frequency cavity, which is why people talk about metre-scale machines reaching 100 GeV — energies that took CERN’s Large Electron–Positron collider kilometres of tunnel. The obstacle is dephasing: the plasma wave is driven by a laser pulse that travels slightly slower than light in the plasma, while the electrons it accelerates move at essentially the speed of light. Sooner or later the electrons outrun the accelerating field and start being decelerated.
Researchers at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, led by Charlie Arrowsmith with K. G. Miller and Dustin Froula, removed that ceiling using a flying focus — a specially structured pulse whose focal point sweeps along the accelerator axis at the vacuum speed of light, even though the pulse itself does not. The plasma wave then keeps pace with the electrons indefinitely. In experiments on the MTW-OPAL laser system, electrons gained more than twice the energy predicted by the traditional dephasing limit over the same distance. The team’s stated next goal, on the future NSF OPAL facility, is a single-stage 100 GeV beam in a metre of plasma. Nature Physics, July 2026.
If you want to switch superconductivity off in a small region of a circuit, the standard tool is a ferromagnet: its exchange field breaks Cooper pairs. But ferromagnets bring baggage — magnetic hysteresis, stray fields that disturb neighbouring elements, and sensitivity to external magnetic fields. In a densely packed quantum circuit that is a serious liability.
A team led by Tomoteru Fukumura at Tohoku University grew bilayers of two simple rocksalt oxides by pulsed laser deposition: lanthanum monoxide (LaO), a superconductor, capped with cerium monoxide (CeO), a non-magnetic heavy-fermion material. They found that CeO exerts an exceptionally strong pair-breaking proximity effect on the adjacent LaO despite having no ferromagnetism at all. A few nanometres of CeO fully suppress superconductivity in LaO layers up to 20 nm thick. Because nothing magnetic is involved, the junction is insensitive to magnetic history and to external fields, and it does not disturb neighbouring devices — which makes it attractive as a way to turn superconductivity off in one specific area of a superconducting micro/nano-device, a high-density quantum circuit, or a quantum-computer platform. ACS Nano, 10 July 2026.
Atom interferometers are among the most sensitive quantum sensors, and in the persistent microgravity of orbit their free-fall (interrogation) times can be extended far beyond what gravity allows on Earth — promising sharper tests of fundamental physics, navigation and Earth observation. The catch is that a spacecraft vibrates, and those vibrations normally swamp the delicate matter-wave signal.
An international consortium — including the Theoretical Quantum Optics group of Enno Giese (TU Darmstadt), with Matthias Meister, Naceur Gaaloul, Nicholas P. Bigelow and colleagues — ran a differential Bose–Einstein-condensate interferometer in NASA’s Cold Atom Lab (CAL) aboard the International Space Station. By comparing two spatially separated Mach–Zehnder interferometers made of condensed rubidium atoms, common noise such as laser-phase and vibrational noise cancels out, so the device measures magnetic fields precisely even under ISS conditions. The same sequences let the team infer curvatures of the magnetic field, and comparing magnetically sensitive versus insensitive atomic states confirmed the measured forces were genuinely magnetic. It is the first demonstration of space-based magnetometry with a condensate interferometer, a milestone toward orbital quantum sensors for geophysics and searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. Published in Nature Communications, 11 July 2026.
Twisted graphene multilayers host a zoo of strongly correlated phases — superconductivity, correlated insulators, magnetism — but how these signatures relate to one another, and to the underlying ground states, has stayed murky. Do superconductivity and the insulating states share a common microscopic origin, or are they distinct?
Jesse C. Hoke, Benjamin E. Feldman and colleagues (Stanford University) attacked the question by correlating local thermodynamic and transport measurements in a single twisted trilayer graphene device with unequal angles and flat bands. Using a scanning single-electron transistor to map the inverse electronic compressibility while simultaneously tracking transport, they find that gapped correlated-insulator states and asymmetric oscillations in the inverse compressibility both show pronounced electron–hole asymmetry, with distinct “magic” angles for the conduction and valence bands. Crucially, superconductivity coincides with the characteristic compressibility oscillations, yet remains independent of the correlated insulating phases. The work cleanly separates which signatures of strong interactions are tied to superconductivity and which are not, sharpening the picture of unconventional pairing in moiré graphene. Published in Nature Nanotechnology.
Jesse C. Hoke・Benjamin E. Feldmanら(スタンフォード大学)は、角度が不均等でフラットバンドを持つ1台のねじれ三層グラフェン素子で、局所的な熱力学測定と輸送測定を相関させてこの問いに挑んだ。走査型単電子トランジスタで逆電子圧縮率をマッピングしつつ同時に輸送を追跡すると、ギャップを持つ相関絶縁体状態と逆圧縮率の非対称な振動のどちらもが顕著な電子・正孔非対称性を示し、伝導帯と価電子帯で別々の“マジック角”を持つことがわかった。決定的なのは、超伝導が特徴的な圧縮率振動と一致する一方で、相関絶縁体相からは独立している点だ。強相関のどのシグネチャが超伝導と結びつき、どれが結びつかないのかを明快に切り分け、モアレ・グラフェンにおける非従来型対形成の描像を鋭くした。Nature Nanotechnologyに掲載。
More than half a century ago, Roger Penrose proposed that energy could be extracted from a spinning black hole: a particle entering the ergosphere splits, one fragment falls in and the other escapes with more energy than it arrived with. Yakov Zel’dovich soon extended the idea to waves — a wave hitting a fast enough rotating body should be amplified. This rotational super-radiance had been seen in the lab only with physically spinning objects (a water vortex in 2017, an acoustic disc in 2020), which caps how fast the rotation can be.
Hadiseh Nasari, Hady Moussa, Yoshiaki Kasahara, Arno Thielens and Andrea Alù (Advanced Science Research Center, CUNY Graduate Center) instead built a stationary ring of radio-frequency resonators whose electromagnetic properties are modulated in space and time, so that to an incoming wave the ring appears to rotate. This synthetic rotation is not limited by mechanical strength — the modulation pattern can even sweep round faster than light without anything material moving that fast. Electromagnetic waves carrying the right angular momentum drew energy from the synthetic rotation and emerged amplified, over a broad band and selectively by mode. The authors are careful that the device is not a one-to-one mechanical analogue of Penrose’s scenario, but it is driven by the same thermodynamic logic, and notably the analysis shows that loss helps rather than hinders the effect. Published in Nature on 8 July 2026; broad coverage followed around 11–12 July.
📐 / 「拡散方程式は特殊相対論と両立する」——相対論的流体力学の長年の“定説”を覆す。放物型ゆえに瞬時に広がり、ローレンツ変換で不安定になる拡散方程式は相対論と根本的に相容れないとされてきた。だが、なめらかで十分に局在した拡散方程式の解はすべて、相対論的ヴラソフ=フォッカー=プランク方程式の厳密解の粒子密度として書けることを証明。因果的・安定・熱力学的に整合する相対論的運動論が存在すると示す(Gavassino、ケンブリッジ大、Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 022302)
The humble diffusion equation (Fick’s law) is a workhorse of physics, yet in relativistic hydrodynamics it is a textbook villain: because it is parabolic, its Green function has Gaussian tails reaching to infinity (apparent instantaneous propagation), and under a Lorentz boost it develops exponentially growing modes, making the boosted problem unstable and ill-posed. The standard reading is that diffusion is fundamentally incompatible with special relativity, prompting decades of “fixes” that replace it with hyperbolic equations.
Lorenzo Gavassino (Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge) argues this reading is simply wrong. He proves that any smooth, sufficiently localized solution of the diffusion equation is the particle density of an exact solution of the relativistic Vlasov–Fokker–Planck (VFP) equation — establishing a causal, stable and thermodynamically consistent relativistic kinetic theory whose hydrodynamic sector is governed exactly by diffusion at all wavelengths. The notorious unstable modes, he shows, live outside the space of solutions that embed into kinetic theory, so their existence does not signal any failure of diffusion; and apparent causality violations vanish once “signals” are defined via the underlying microscopic data. The result rehabilitates the simplest dissipative equation in a fully relativistic setting. Published in Physical Review Letters, 8 July 2026.
Lorenzo Gavassino(ケンブリッジ大学 応用数学・理論物理学科/DAMTP)は、この読みが端的に誤りだと論じる。彼は、なめらかで十分に局在した拡散方程式の解はすべて、相対論的ヴラソフ=フォッカー=プランク(VFP)方程式の厳密解の粒子密度になっていることを証明した。これにより、因果的・安定・熱力学的に整合する相対論的運動論が存在し、その流体力学セクターがあらゆる波長で厳密に拡散に従うことが示される。悪名高い不安定モードは、運動論に埋め込める解の空間の外側にあり、その存在は拡散のモデルとしての破綻を意味しない。また因果律の見かけ上の破れも、“信号”を背後の微視的データで定義し直せば消える。最も単純な散逸方程式を、完全に相対論的な設定で名誉回復した成果だ。Physical Review Letters、2026年7月8日掲載。
Massive objects in spatial superposition could probe the elusive interface between quantum mechanics and gravity, and cold-atom interferometers are a promising platform thanks to long matter-wave coherence and fine control. But generating such superpositions beyond a single atom has been hard: heavier objects should tunnel exponentially less, so mass and quantum coherence seem to work against each other.
Han Zhang, Yong-Kui Wang, Yi Zheng, Hai-Tao Bai and Bing Yang (Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen) report the scalable creation of high-mass spatial entanglement via quantum tunneling of ultracold atoms in an optical superlattice split into double-well units. When seven atoms bind together, the cluster tunnels as a single composite object of mass 608 amu through a barrier much higher than its kinetic energy, generating a spatially distributed Schrödinger cat state. By fully controlling the model parameters they enter a regime where the tunneling strength is nearly independent of mass, sidestepping the usual suppression, and they build an interferometer to certify the entanglement and perform quantum-enhanced measurements. The approach opens a scalable route toward ever more massive superpositions relevant to laboratory tests of quantum gravity. Published in Nature Physics (11 May 2026); highlighted in a July 2026 News & Views.
A lawn sprinkler spins because water jets out of its curved arms — a rotating rocket. But what happens if you run it backwards, sucking water in? Richard Feynman’s account of his own failed attempts made the question famous, and for over a century two rival explanations competed: Ernst Mach’s swirl inside the device, and an outer-flow account associated with Feynman.
A team led by Leif Ristroph (Courant Institute, New York University), with Brennan Sprinkle (Colorado School of Mines), built custom sprinklers modelled on the looping, twisting shapes of children’s “silly sprinklers” — the odd geometries were the experimental variable. Each device was run both forward and in reverse while the team simultaneously measured rotation, the internal and external flow fields, and the torque when the sprinkler was held still. Across every geometry, the rotation was governed by the momentum flux — the angular momentum carried by the fluid jets themselves — and both classical theories were ruled out. The reverse sprinkler behaves as an “inside-out rocket”, its jets firing inside the central chamber, which is why an earlier study by the same group found it turns roughly 50 times more slowly than the forward version. Beyond settling the puzzle, the result sharpens how engineers predict the forces flowing fluids exert on structures such as turbines. Published in PNAS, 13 July 2026.
Complex numbers sit at the heart of quantum mechanics: a state’s amplitude is the real part, its phase the imaginary part. Whether that i is a fact about nature or a convenient bookkeeping device is an old argument. A 2021 Nature paper (Renou et al., 600, 625) appeared to settle it, showing complex numbers are indispensable under the standard postulates — and experiments backed that up.
Pedro Barrios Hita, Anton Trushechkin, Hermann Kampermann, Michael Epping and Dagmar Bruß (Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, with the German Aerospace Center DLR) point out that the 2021 result rests on one specific postulate: the mathematical rule for composing subsystems (the tensor product). They argue this postulate is too restrictive and propose a physically motivated alternative. With that replacement, they identify a class of theories written entirely in real numbers that remain experimentally indistinguishable from standard quantum mechanics — including the multiparticle cases that defeated earlier attempts, where the trick is to carry a “flag” tracking what the imaginary part used to hold and to treat certain flag combinations as physically identical. Bruß puts it plainly: both frameworks give identical predictions for any conceivable experiment. Published in Physical Review Letters on 18 June 2026 and highlighted by APS Physics; the story circulated widely in the second week of July 2026.
Standard quantum error correction spreads one logical qubit across many physical qubits, so that errors can be detected without disturbing the encoded information. It works, but the overhead is brutal — hundreds or thousands of physical qubits per useful logical one.
Kyle DeBry, Nadine Meister, John Chiaverini and colleagues at MIT and MIT Lincoln Laboratory demonstrated a complementary route that theory had proposed but nobody had built: error correction inside a single particle. A trapped atomic ion has many internal energy levels — it is naturally a qudit, not just a two-level qubit — and those extra levels can be used to encode one logical qubit with room left over for error syndromes. The hard part is measuring the error and applying the correction with high enough fidelity that the procedure helps rather than hurts. It does: the encoded qubit showed errors reduced by up to a factor of 2.2 and a lifetime extended by up to a factor of 1.5 compared with an unencoded qubit in the same ion. This is not a replacement for large-scale codes like the surface code; it is best understood as a hardware-efficient first line of defence that could sit underneath them and reduce the overhead. Open access in Nature Physics, 13 July 2026.
Bose–Einstein condensation is defined by the spontaneous emergence of coherence: a crowd of independent particles suddenly starts behaving as one quantum object with a single, well-defined global phase. Textbooks state this as a consequence of spontaneous symmetry breaking. Yet the moment of phase formation itself has been notoriously hard to watch, because most experimental signatures — interference fringes, supercurrents, Josephson oscillations — depend only on phase differences in space, not on the phase itself.
Researchers at RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau (Malte Koster, Matthias R. Schweizer, Alexander Serga, Burkard Hillebrands, Georg von Freymann) used a phase-referenced detection technique to track, in the time domain, the phase of a magnon Bose–Einstein condensate relative to an external reference. Magnons — the quanta of spin waves in a magnetic material such as yttrium iron garnet — condense at room temperature, which makes them an unusually convenient laboratory. The measurement showed an initially incoherent magnon gas thermalizing and then undergoing a spontaneous transition into a coherent state whose macroscopic phase is randomly chosen, independent of the microwave excitation that created the gas. That is direct evidence of spontaneous symmetry breaking in a quasiparticle condensate. Open access in Nature Physics, 13 July 2026.
In 1818 Siméon Poisson tried to demolish Fresnel’s wave theory of light by pointing out an apparently absurd consequence: a circular obstacle should cast a shadow with a bright spot at its centre. Arago looked, the spot was there, and the wave theory won. Two centuries later that same bright spot has found a very modern job.
A team led by Nanyang Assistant Professor Yijie Shen at NTU Singapore, with first author Jun Yao, showed that simply shining a laser at a small circular disc produces optical skyrmions — tiny, topologically stable swirling textures in the properties of light, often compared to a hedgehog’s outward-pointing spines. Until now these had to be generated with expensive, precisely engineered metamaterials or nanofabricated structures. The surprise was that a single Poisson spot does not contain one skyrmion but four different kinds at once — spin, Stokes, electric-field and magnetic-field skyrmions — coexisting in the same point of light. That “four-in-one” character makes the setup a natural laboratory for studying how different optical skyrmions form, vary and interact within a single field. Because skyrmions are topologically robust, they are candidates for future data storage, optical communications and light-based computing. Optica 13(6), 1184 (2026), published 18 June; widely covered in mid-July.
🤖 / 大規模言語モデルの“AI科学者エージェント”が、未知の物理系から法則を自力で発見——「sciexplorer」は分野固有の設計図なしに、コード実行を主とする最小限の道具だけで観測・解析・仮説生成の反復ループを自動化。古典力学・波動・量子多体系にわたり、観測ダイナミクスから運動方程式を復元し、期待値からハミルトニアンを推定してみせた(Nägele・Marquardt、マックス・プランク光科学研究所/エアランゲン大、Phys. Rev. X 16, 031002)
Scientific discovery is an iterative loop of observation, analysis and hypothesis generation. Machine learning has been applied to individual pieces of this loop, but fully automating the heuristic, multi-step process of discovering the laws of an unknown system — without hand-tailoring the method to each task — has remained an open challenge.
Maximilian Nägele and Florian Marquardt (Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg) introduce sciexplorer, an agentic “artificial scientist” built on a large language model’s tool-use abilities. Given only a general task and a minimal set of generic, mostly code-execution tools — and no domain-specific blueprints — it autonomously assembles a heuristic workflow to explore systems that are initially unknown to it. Across a broad test suite spanning classical mechanical dynamics, wave evolution and quantum many-body physics, it performs impressively: recovering equations of motion from observed dynamics and inferring Hamiltonians from expectation values, all without fine-tuning or task-specific instructions. The result suggests generalist LLM agents can drive genuine open-ended scientific exploration beyond a single hard-coded domain. Published open access in Physical Review X (funded by the Max Planck Society), 8 July 2026.
Maximilian NägeleとFlorian Marquardt(マックス・プランク光科学研究所/エアランゲン=ニュルンベルク大学)は、大規模言語モデルの道具使用能力を土台にしたエージェント型“人工科学者”「sciexplorer」を提案した。与えられるのは一般的な課題と、主にコード実行からなる最小限の汎用ツールだけで、分野固有の設計図は一切与えない。それでもエージェントは、最初は未知の系を探索するためのヒューリスティックなワークフローを自律的に組み立てる。古典力学系・波動の時間発展・量子多体物理にわたる幅広いテストで、観測されたダイナミクスから運動方程式を復元し、期待値からハミルトニアンを推定するなど、微調整も課題固有の指示もなしに印象的な性能を示した。汎用のLLMエージェントが、単一のハードコードされた領域を超えて、真に自由な科学的探索を駆動しうることを示唆する。Physical Review Xにオープンアクセスで掲載(マックス・プランク協会が出版費用を負担)、2026年7月8日。
Keywords: AI scientist, AI科学者, sciexplorer, large language model, 大規模言語モデル, LLM agent, LLMエージェント, agentic AI, エージェントAI, automated discovery
🚶 / “障害物を押しのける”ランダムウォークの新しい拡散則——動く粒子(トレーサー)が複数の障害物を押しのけて進む「プッシー・ランダムウォーク」を導入。実験で見られる相互作用をより現実的に表現し、1次元・2次元で新奇な拡散/準拡散のふるまいを解明。2次元では障害物密度を上げると自由拡散から局在(空洞への閉じ込め)へ転移し、空洞半径が準拡散的に成長する(Lauber Bonomo・Shitrit・Reuveni・Redner、テルアビブ大/NYU/サンタフェ研究所、Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 037101)
Random motion through a crowded medium is shaped by obstacles. In the classic picture — the “ant in a labyrinth” with static obstacles — a sharp percolation threshold separates confined motion from free diffusion. But real tracers, from molecules in a cell to active colloids, can push what blocks them, and even minimal pushing was recently shown to change the physics qualitatively.
Ofek Lauber Bonomo (New York University / Tel Aviv University), Itamar Shitrit and Shlomi Reuveni (Tel Aviv University), and Sidney Redner (Santa Fe Institute) introduce the pushy random walk, in which a walker can displace multiple obstacles at once, penetrating large distances even at finite obstacle density — a more realistic model of experimentally observed tracer–medium interactions. Solving it reveals new diffusive and subdiffusive regimes in both one and two dimensions. In 2D, increasing the obstacle density drives a transition from free diffusion to localized behavior, where the walker becomes trapped inside a cavity whose radius grows subdiffusively in time. The minimal model clarifies how the ability to reshape one’s environment governs transport in crowded, disordered media. Published in Physical Review Letters.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース):
O. Lauber Bonomo, I. Shitrit, S. Reuveni & S. Redner, “Diffusion/Subdiffusion in the Pushy Random Walk,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 037101 (2026)
Keywords: pushy random walk, プッシー・ランダムウォーク, Sokoban random walk, ソコバン・ランダムウォーク, random walk, ランダムウォーク, diffusion, 拡散, subdiffusion, 準拡散
✂️ / 光子を「途中で断ち切る」と、光子数が0から無限大まで重なり合った状態が生まれる——完全反射鏡で反射している最中の単一光子の波束を、鏡を瞬時に取り除いて断ち切るとどうなるかを厳密に計算。結果は「別の1個の光子」でも「光子と真空の単純な混合」でもなく、光子数が最大で無限大まで重なった複雑な量子状態になる。ただし遮蔽の左右を局所的に測ると、片側は単一光子・反対側は真空に見える(Rukan・Gulla・Skaar/オスロ大学、Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 033601)
A photon is a fundamental, indivisible quantum of light — you cannot cut one in half. Yet a photon is also an extended wave packet with a spatial profile. What happens if you try to truncate that wave with an ultrafast optical shutter?
Isak Cecil Onsager Rukan, Jan Gulla and Johannes Skaar (University of Oslo, Norway) rigorously modeled a single photon travelling toward a perfect mirror: the leading part of the wave reflects, then the mirror is suddenly removed so the rest passes through. The truncated result is neither another photon nor a simple mix of a photon and vacuum. Instead it is a superposition and mixture of photon numbers up to infinity — removing the mirror infinitely fast would, in the math, conjure an unbounded number of photons; removing it more slowly yields a possibility of several photons, with smaller numbers far more likely. The reason is that a sharp disturbance of the electromagnetic field can create new photons out of the vacuum. Strikingly, the authors show the state is locally equivalent to a single photon on one side of the shutter and to vacuum on the other, even though the global state spans zero to infinity. Published in Physical Review Letters; the team next hopes to extend the analysis to electrons and other wave-like particles.
CP violation — the small difference in behaviour between matter and antimatter — is a cornerstone of the Standard Model and a key ingredient in explaining why the Universe is made of matter. Measuring it in as many decay channels as possible tests the internal consistency of the quark-mixing (CKM) picture.
The LHCb collaboration at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider reports the first observation of time-dependent CP violation in B0 → J/ψρ(770)0 decays, a process governed by a b → c̅cd quark transition. Using proton–proton collision data of about 6 fb−1 collected at 13 TeV in 2015–2018, they determine the CP-violation parameters 2βeff = 0.710 ± 0.084 ± 0.028 rad and |λ| = 1.019 ± 0.034 ± 0.009 (statistical and systematic uncertainties). This is the first time-dependent CP-violation observation in B-meson decays to charmonium final states mediated by b → c̅cd. Combined with related LHCb measurements and assuming approximate SU(3) flavour symmetry, the result helps pin down “penguin” contributions that can otherwise bias precision tests of the CKM angles. The findings are consistent with the Standard Model. Published in Physical Review Letters.
Keywords: CP violation, CP対称性の破れ, LHCb, LHC, Large Hadron Collider, 大型ハドロン衝突型加速器, CERN, セルン, B meson, B中間子
🔦 / 光の量子干渉で向きを操れる「電子の灯台」——半導体の光電流を、より高次の量子干渉(2光子吸収と3光子吸収の干渉)で強く指向化し、特定方向を向いた細い光電流の「ビーム」を生成。駆動光の偏光と相対位相でその向きを、まるで灯台の光のように掃引できる。AlGaAs素子を用いた実験で実証された(Gong・Wang・Cundiff/ミシガン大学、Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 036901)
When light is absorbed in a uniform bulk semiconductor, it normally drives no net current without an applied field: photocarriers are injected with equal amounts of opposite momentum, which cancel. Quantum interference control (QUIC) breaks this symmetry by interfering different absorption pathways — in the basic case one-photon and two-photon absorption, driven by a beam at frequency ω and its second harmonic 2ω — injecting a net directional photocurrent whose direction is set by the relative optical phase.
Yiming Gong, Kai Wang and Steven T. Cundiff (University of Michigan) show that pushing to higher-order interference — between two-photon and three-photon absorption — makes the injected current far more directional, producing a narrow “beam” of photocurrent pointing in a specified direction. Because that direction is fixed by the polarizations and relative phases of the driving light, the beam can be optically steered — swept around like the rotating beam of a lighthouse, hence an “electron lighthouse.” The scheme offers all-optical, ultrafast control over the direction of charge flow in a semiconductor, with potential relevance for optoelectronics and on-chip current shaping. In the accompanying experiments, an ohmic-contact AlGaAs device interfering two-photon (1040 nm) and three-photon (1560 nm) absorption pathways demonstrated the directional current, with angular localization matching the theoretical predictions of Sipe and co-workers. Published in Physical Review Letters.
Yiming Gong・Kai Wang・Steven T. Cundiff(米ミシガン大学)は、さらに高次の干渉——2光子吸収と3光子吸収の干渉——を使うと、注入される電流がはるかに指向的になり、特定の方向を向いた細い光電流の「ビーム」が生じることを示した。その向きは駆動光の偏光と相対位相で決まるため、位相を調整するだけでビームを光学的に掃引——灯台の回転する光のように振る——ことができる。これが「電子の灯台」だ。実験ではオーミック接触のAlGaAs素子を用い、1040 nm光の2光子吸収と1560 nm光の3光子吸収の経路を干渉させて指向性電流を確認し、角度局在性がSipeらの理論予測と一致することを示した。半導体中の電荷の流れる向きを全光学的かつ超高速に制御する手法であり、オプトエレクトロニクスやチップ上の電流成形への応用が期待される。Physical Review Lettersに掲載。
Journal article / 論文:
Y. Gong, K. Wang & S. T. Cundiff, “Directional Photocurrent Generated by Quantum Interference Control,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 036901 (2026)
Keywords: quantum interference control, 量子干渉制御, QUIC, directional photocurrent, 指向性光電流, electron lighthouse, 電子の灯台, second harmonic, 第2高調波, semiconductor
📡 / XFELの電子ビームで「メスバウアー線源」を桁違いに明るく——X線自由電子レーザー(XFEL)で空間的に微細構造化(マイクロバンチ化)した電子ビームを結晶に当て、各電子からの放射をコヒーレントに足し合わせる「超放射パラメトリック・メスバウアー放射(SPMR)」を提案。ヨーロッパXFELのパラメータでは、⁵⁷Feのメスバウアー共鳴に1パルスあたり900個超の共鳴光子を生成できると予測(Peng・Keitel・Evers/マックス・プランク核物理研究所、Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 035001)
Mössbauer nuclei (such as 57Fe) have extraordinarily narrow X-ray resonances, prized for ultra-precise metrology, nuclear inelastic scattering and nuclear quantum optics. But exploiting them demands X-ray sources with exceptionally high peak and average spectral flux — a long-standing bottleneck.
Ze-an Peng, Christoph H. Keitel and Jörg Evers (Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg) introduce a superradiant parametric Mössbauer radiation (SPMR) source. It uses spatially microstructured (microbunched) electron bunches — of the kind produced in X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) accelerators — scattering on crystals. The spatial structuring makes the radiation from different electrons add up coherently, boosting the Mössbauer signal by many orders of magnitude, and the optimum lies at qualitatively different operating conditions than previously assumed. For a focused electron beam with parameters based on the European XFEL, the scheme predicts more than 900 SPMR photons per pulse in the 57Fe Mössbauer resonance. This opens new opportunities for precision metrology and for hard-X-ray pump–probe spectroscopy that exploits the XFEL’s electron and photon beams in parallel. Published in Physical Review Letters (with a companion paper in Physical Review A).
Rare flavour-changing neutral-current (FCNC) decays such as b → sℓ+ℓ− are strongly suppressed in the Standard Model, because they cannot occur at tree level. That suppression makes them exceptionally sensitive probes: any anomaly could signal new particles or forces beyond the Standard Model.
The LHCb collaboration reports the first measurement of time-dependent CP violation in the FCNC decay B0 → K0Sμ+μ−. Performing a flavour-tagged, time-dependent analysis across the full dimuon mass range (excluding the J/ψ and ψ(2S) resonance regions), using 9 fb−1 of proton–proton collisions at 7, 8 and 13 TeV (2011–2018), they obtain the CP parameters C = −0.13 ± 0.32 ± 0.04 and S = +0.82 ± 0.29 ± 0.05 (statistical and systematic uncertainties). The results are consistent with the Standard Model, and this constitutes the first experimental study of time-dependent CP violation in b → sℓ+ℓ− processes — a new window on a class of rare decays long watched for hints of new physics. Published in Physical Review Letters.
b → sℓ+ℓ−のようなフレーバー変換中性カレント(FCNC)崩壊は、ツリーレベルでは起こらないため標準模型では強く抑制されている。その抑制ゆえに、これらは非常に感度の高い探索窓となる。もし異常が見つかれば、標準模型を超える新粒子や新しい力の兆候になりうる。
Unlike Earth, Mars never developed plate tectonics — the main engine that reworks and chemically differentiates our planet’s crust. How, then, did Mars build the chemically evolved crust hinted at by earlier data? A mineral-physics reinterpretation of seismic records now offers an answer.
Researchers led by the University of Oxford (T. Mackay-Champion, M. Anderson Loake, R. Palin and colleagues) analysed seismic data from NASA’s InSight lander (operational 2018–2022) using phase-equilibrium modelling, petrophysics and Bayesian statistics. They interpret a long-puzzling intracrustal seismic discontinuity at ~24 km as a transition from mafic to ultramafic rock, with the lowermost layer being a ~14-km-thick melt-depleted cumulate zone sitting above the crust–mantle boundary at ~38 km. Thermal modelling shows such a melt-depleted layer could not have formed at ambient temperatures; it requires elevated heat flow, most likely from mantle upwelling and magmatic intrusion. Together with prior evidence for evolved melts, this indicates Mars once hosted vertically integrated, transcrustal magmatic systems akin to those beneath Earth’s volcanoes — showing that Earth-like crustal differentiation can occur even on a “stagnant-lid” planet without plate tectonics. Published in Nature Astronomy.
Modern neutrino detectors are built by segmentation: a large volume is chopped into millions of small sensitive elements. A T2K-style scintillator detector can involve two million cubes and tens of thousands of optical fibres — a manufacturing and readout nightmare that limits how big such devices can get.
Till Dieminger, Davide Sgalaberna and colleagues (ETH Zurich and EPFL, within the Swiss National Science Foundation’s PLATON project) propose replacing the segmentation with optics. Their demonstrator is a single block of unsegmented scintillator viewed by a plenoptic (light-field) camera: a micro-lens array from Raytrix mounted directly onto SwissSPAD2, a single-photon avalanche diode imaging sensor developed at EPFL, with each micro-lens acting as a tiny camera so that intensity and direction of the scintillation light can be reconstructed. Gated detection windows suppress background counts, and a transformer-based neural network handles the reconstruction. In the lab the team reconstructed the positions of electrons from a strontium source; simulations of the upgraded design indicate neutrino-track resolution down to about 200 µm, without cryogenics and with far easier scaling. Spin-offs include sharper PET medical imaging. Published in Nature Communications; coverage resurged around 16–17 July 2026.
Till Dieminger、Davide Sgalabernaら(ETHチューリッヒ+EPFL、スイス国立科学財団のPLATONプロジェクト)は、この分割を光学で置き換えることを提案した。実証機は分割しないシンチレータの塊を、プレノプティック(ライトフィールド)カメラで見る構成だ。Raytrix社製のマイクロレンズアレイを、EPFLが開発した単光子雪崩フォトダイオードイメージセンサSwissSPAD2に直接実装し、各レンズが小さなカメラとして働くことで、シンチレーション光の強度だけでなく入射方向まで再構成する。ゲートされた検出窓で背景雑音を抜き、再構成にはトランスフォーマー型ニューラルネットを用いる。実験ではストロンチウム線源からの電子の位置を再構成し、改良版のシミュレーションではニュートリノの飛跡を約200マイクロメートルの分解能で追えると示された。大がかりな極低温設備を必要とせず、拡張もはるかに容易だ。PET(陽電子断層撮影)の高解像度化など医療応用も見込まれる。Nature Communications掲載。7月16〜17日に再び広く報じられた。
Device-independent (DI) certification verifies a quantum system based only on observed measurement statistics — without any assumption about the internal workings of the devices. Its strongest form, self-testing, has been developed for a wide range of quantum states and measurements, but self-testing of quantum operations (the gates that actually process information) had remained underdeveloped.
This work shows, in a proof-of-principle way, that any quantum unitary gate can be self-tested within the DI paradigm. The key is to embed the operation in a quantum network with multiple independent sources, whose correlations pin down the gate from data alone (up to the trivial equivalences inherent in self-testing). The result is a fundamental step toward certifying quantum interactions directly from measurement outcomes, with no detailed modelling assumptions. Beyond foundations, it supplies a crucial ingredient for quantum computation: verifying that quantum gates perform as intended is essential for building secure and reliable quantum processors. Published in Physical Review Letters.
Millicharged particles (mCPs) — hypothetical particles carrying a tiny fraction of the electron’s charge — appear in many extensions of the Standard Model and are a candidate for part of the dark matter. A terrestrial population of slow, room-temperature mCPs could build up if they are a dark-matter subcomponent, or if they are light enough to be produced in cosmic-ray air showers.
Asher Berlin, Zachary Bogorad (Fermilab / SQMS), Peter W. Graham (Stanford) and Harikrishnan Ramani (University of Delaware) show that the classic Cavendish tests of Coulomb’s law, refined since the late 18th century, act as both quasistatic accumulators and detectors for such a millicharge overdensity. Reinterpreting these decades- and centuries-old experiments already yields some of the strongest bounds on a terrestrial mCP population. They further propose surrounding the Cavendish setup with an additional charged shell; a companion paper shows that such an electrified shell (e.g. a Van de Graaff generator) acts as an efficient accumulator, amplifying the local mCP density by up to ~12 orders of magnitude — enough to probe the irreducible flux from cosmic rays and, for sub-GeV masses, to outperform future accelerator searches using decades-old technology. Published in Physical Review Letters (with a companion in Physical Review D), and featured in an APS Physics Focus story.
When two neutron stars merge, their ejecta forge many of the universe’s heaviest elements via the rapid neutron-capture process (r-process) — the origin of gold, platinum and more — and briefly shine as a kilonova. But the late-time (~10–20 day) infrared glow of well-studied kilonovae such as AT2017gfo (from GW170817) and AT2023vfi had resisted simple explanation.
A team led by Nanae Domoto (University of Tokyo) presents a model in which the puzzling late infrared emission arises from r-process heavy elements condensing into solid dust grains in the cooler, slower outer layers of the ejecta. As the material cools, grain formation begins around 10 days after the merger, first in the outer layers, and the resulting dust naturally reproduces the observed infrared excess. If confirmed, kilonova dust formation would add a new ingredient to models of heavy-element nucleosynthesis and to how mergers enrich galaxies — and could sharpen the interpretation of future kilonova spectra from gravitational-wave follow-up. Posted as a preprint (arXiv).
Keywords: kilonova, キロノバ, neutron star merger, 中性子星合体, r-process, r過程, nucleosynthesis, 元素合成, heavy elements, 重元素
🌌 / 「エントロピーからの重力」理論の熱力学——宇宙の総エントロピーは増える一方で、単位体積あたりのエントロピーは減ると示し、「熱力学第二法則の下でなぜ宇宙は構造化できるのか」という難問に新しい視点。真空の幾何学自体が温度と圧力を持つ(Bianconi、ロンドン大学クイーンメアリー校、Phys. Rev. D 114, 024042)
The second law says total entropy tends to increase. Yet cosmic history has produced ever more structure — galaxies, stars, planets, life. Reconciling the two is a long-standing puzzle in cosmology.
Ginestra Bianconi (School of Mathematical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London) approaches it through her “Gravity from Entropy” framework, in which the action for gravity is the geometric quantum relative entropy between the metric of spacetime and the metric induced by the matter fields — gravity as a running measure of information rather than a built-in force. In this new paper she works out the theory’s thermodynamics, assigning a temperature and pressure even to empty four-dimensional spacetime and showing it obeys its own first law. The key cosmological result: while the total entropy of the universe increases with time, the entropy per unit volume decreases, leaving room for structure and complexity to grow without violating the second law. The framework reduces to Einstein’s equations at low energy and reproduces the black-hole area law and de Sitter entropy, but it remains a self-consistent mathematical proposal: as of July 2026 no comparison against cosmological or gravitational-wave data has been published, and the author points to expansion measurements and gravitational waves as where it must eventually be tested. Published in Physical Review D, 16 July 2026; covered 17–18 July.
Energy and information inevitably leak from a quantum system into its environment. That leakage — dissipation — is normally the enemy of quantum technology. The usual way to distribute entanglement is to prepare objects in one place and then transport them, and, as Wolfgang Pfaff (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign) notes, transport is exactly where environmental noise spoils the carefully prepared state.
A collaboration between Illinois and the University of Chicago realised a theoretical prediction in which an externally driven quantum system reaches entanglement through dissipation rather than despite it. Two qubits coupled to a unidirectional (cascaded) waveguide are driven continuously and settle into an entangled steady state that the drive and the engineered decay maintain autonomously — no transport step, and no need to re-prepare the state after each use. The original prediction relied on highly idealised assumptions; the experiment shows it survives in a real superconducting-circuit network, pointing toward modular quantum computers and networks whose separated units share entanglement as a stabilised resource. Published in Physical Review X and featured as a Viewpoint in APS Physics; announced 15–17 July 2026.
Ancient star catalogues have an awkward entry. Hipparchus (c. 129 BC), Ptolemy (137 AD) and al-Sufi (964 AD) all list Theta Eridani among the very brightest stars in their sky. Today it is an unremarkable V = 2.9 object. For over a century the discrepancy was explained away: confusion with the far brighter Alpha Eridani (Achernar), a copying error, or over-correction for atmospheric extinction at low altitude.
Idel Waisberg (independent researcher) and Boaz Katz (Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science) argue the ancient observers were simply right. Ruling out each mundane explanation in turn, they conclude the star was visually brighter by roughly a factor of ten to twelve (V ≈ 0.2) between about 2,000 and 1,000 years ago. Characterising the system — a triple, whose inner pair is a close, mildly eccentric binary of about 2.3 + 2.2 solar masses with a semi-major axis near 0.083 AU — they propose the brightening was a “millenary transient” powered by orbital-energy extraction during a long-lived common-envelope, Roche-lobe-overflow phase as the primary finished core hydrogen burning. Posted to arXiv on 29 June 2026; picked up by the science press through mid-July, with fresh coverage on 19 July.
Type Ia supernovae come from white dwarfs in binaries and serve as cosmological distance indicators, which makes the subluminous, fast-declining “1991bg-like” subclass worth pinning down: these events are dimmer and redder than normal SNe Ia and fade quickly.
An international team led by M. Kopsacheili, with L. Galbany, G. Folatelli, M. M. Phillips and some 30 co-authors, presents follow-up observations of SN 2023vjh in the elliptical galaxy MCG+04-10-013. Its light-curve shape parameters (Δm15(B) = 1.89 ± 0.01 mag, sBV = 0.45 ± 0.03) place it firmly among fast-declining, subluminous SNe Ia. Near-peak spectra show strong Si II, Ca II and Ti II, indicating a cool photosphere and putting the event in the “cool” and extreme-cool regions of the standard classification diagrams; measured expansion velocities and pseudo-equivalent widths confirm it is an extremely cool event, with relatively large reddening of 0.2–0.35 mag. Three late-phase near-infrared spectra show the Ca II NIR triplet plus Fe II and Co II, but no obvious H-band break. Although it falls in the same regions as other well-studied 91bg-like supernovae, SN 2023vjh deviates within the class — notably in being unusually faint. Posted to arXiv on 9 July 2026 and covered on 19 July.
When a high-energy photon, electron or ion strikes a molecule, everything that follows — charge migration, bond breaking, fragmentation — begins with electron motion on the attosecond timescale (1 as = 10−18 s). Because this “impulsive ionization” happens faster than nuclei can respond, its earliest dynamics have been extremely hard to observe directly.
Taran Driver, Zhaoheng Guo, James P. Cryan and colleagues used attosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy at an X-ray free-electron laser to track the response dynamics of ionized para-aminophenol. By probing a core-level transition with an attosecond X-ray pulse after impulsive ionization, the team followed how the remaining electrons rearrange themselves around the newly created hole. The work provides a direct experimental window on the very first femtoseconds — and sub-femtoseconds — after a molecule is ionized, a regime that until now was mostly the domain of theory. Published in Nature Physics on 20 July 2026; an accompanying Research Briefing appeared on 22 July.
高エネルギーの光子・電子・イオンが分子に衝突すると、電荷移動、結合の切断、解離といったその後のすべてが、アト秒(1 as = 10−18秒)スケールの電子の運動から始まる。この「衝撃的イオン化(impulsive ionization)」は原子核が動くよりも速く起こるため、その最初期のダイナミクスを直接観測することは極めて難しかった。
Taran Driver、Zhaoheng Guo、James P. Cryanらは、X線自由電子レーザーによるアト秒X線吸収分光を用い、イオン化されたpara-アミノフェノールの応答ダイナミクスを追跡した。衝撃的イオン化の直後にアト秒X線パルスで内殻遷移をプローブすることで、新たに生じた「正孔」のまわりで残された電子がどう再配置していくかを追いかけた。これまで主に理論の領域だった「分子がイオン化された直後の数フェムト秒〜サブフェムト秒」に、実験から直接切り込む成果である。Nature Physics 2026年7月20日掲載。関連するResearch Briefingが7月22日に公開された。
Sugars are central to prebiotic chemistry: ribose forms the backbone of RNA, and simple sugars are plausible feedstocks for the chemistry that preceded life. Whether such molecules can form in space — rather than only on planetary surfaces — bears directly on how life’s ingredients are delivered to young worlds.
A team led by Izaskun Jiménez-Serra (Centre for Astrobiology, CAB / CSIC-INTA, Spain) now reports the first detection of a sugar in the interstellar medium: erythrulose, a chiral four-carbon ketose (C4H8O4). The detection was made toward the Galactic Centre molecular cloud G+0.693−0.027 through ultrasensitive, broadband spectral surveys with the Yebes 40 m and IRAM 30 m telescopes, with 12 emission lines matching laboratory spectra. Erythrulose appears to be at least eight times more abundant than the analogous three-carbon sugars, which remain undetected in the same data; quantum-chemical and astrochemical models indicate it forms efficiently on interstellar dust grains from simpler two-carbon aldehydes and alcohols. With 14 atoms it is the largest non-cyclic species identified in the interstellar medium so far, and only the second chiral molecule ever reported there — chirality being one of the outstanding puzzles of origin-of-life research. Published online in Nature Astronomy on 14 July 2026; a News & Views followed on 20 July.
Planets around massive B-type stars at intermediate orbital distances have remained largely unexplored, because hot, rapidly rotating massive stars are poor targets for the radial-velocity method. A common workaround is to observe them after they evolve into cooler giants — but then one must prove that the giant really descended from a massive progenitor.
Wen-Xu Lin, Sheng-Bang Qian, Ming Lian and colleagues show that four evolved planet-hosting stars — HD 2952, HD 120084, HIP 65891 and HIP 67537 — are secondary-clump giants descended from B-type progenitors. Secondary-clump giants are core-helium-burning stars massive enough to have avoided the electron-degenerate helium flash, so their presence is a reliable mass tag. The result demonstrates that planetary systems can and do exist around stars considerably more massive than the Sun. Published open access in Nature Communications, 20 July 2026.
Erwin Schrödinger is often cast as a reactionary: the man who invented the wave equation, then recoiled from the indeterminism that quantum mechanics brought with it, and mocked the whole business with a cat in a box.
Flavio Del Santo and Nicolas Gisin argue that a closer reading of his writings tells a different story. On their reading, Schrödinger’s views on determinism were more complex — and in places more radical — than the standard caricature, rather than simply conservative. The piece is a reminder that the historiography of quantum foundations is still very much alive, and that “who believed what” in the 1920s and 1930s is not a settled question. Comment published in Nature Reviews Physics8, 472–473 (20 July 2026).
High energy density (HED) science studies matter at extreme pressures and across a wide range of temperatures — conditions found deep inside planets and stars, and in fusion reactions. It spans plasma physics, warm dense matter and condensed matter, and connects to planetary science, materials science and fusion energy research.
In a forward-looking PRL Essay, Federica Coppari argues that recent breakthroughs in HED science are profoundly reshaping understanding across these multiple fields. Enabling technologies — above all ultraintense laser-driven compression — are producing a steady stream of new insight into how matter behaves when squeezed to conditions no ordinary laboratory can reach. Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 040001, published 20 July 2026.
Most of the ordinary matter (baryons) in the Universe is not in stars but in diffuse plasma between and around galaxies — notoriously hard to see. The dispersion measure of extragalactic fast radio bursts (FRBs), which records the total column of free electrons along the line of sight, is a powerful probe of exactly this material.
This work shows that by cross-correlating the dispersion of background FRBs with the positions of foreground galaxies, one can study the relative spatial distributions of plasma and galaxies on scales from 0.1 to 50 Mpc. That range is precisely where feedback processes in galaxy formation — supernova winds, AGN outflows — are expected to push gas out of halos, so the measurement bears directly on how galaxies redistribute their baryons. Concretely, the team measured the dispersion–galaxy angular cross-power spectrum between 2,870 FRBs from the Second CHIME/FRB Catalog and nearly 6 million galaxies from the DESI Legacy Imaging Survey; across five photometric redshift bins spanning 0.05 < z < 0.5, this yields the first definitive detection — at 4.9σ — of spatial correlations in FRB dispersion measure caused by cosmic structure. Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 041001, published 21 July 2026.
本研究は、背景のFRBの分散量と手前の銀河の位置を相互相関させることで、0.1〜50 Mpcのスケールにわたってプラズマと銀河の相対的な空間分布を調べられることを示した。この範囲はちょうど、超新星風や活動銀河核アウトフローといった銀河形成のフィードバック過程がガスをハローの外へ押し出すと期待されるスケールであり、銀河がバリオンをどう再分配するかに直接切り込む測定になる。具体的には、CHIME/FRB第2カタログの2,870個のFRBと、DESIレガシー撮像サーベイの約600万個の銀河とのあいだで分散量–銀河の角度クロスパワースペクトルを測定。0.05 < z < 0.5の5つの測光赤方偏移ビンにわたり、宇宙の大規模構造に起因するFRB分散量の空間相関を4.9σではじめて決定的に検出した。Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 041001、2026年7月21日出版。
Superconductivity in the bilayer nickelate La3Ni2O7 has been one of the hottest topics in condensed matter since its discovery under pressure, not least because nickelates are chemically close cousins of the cuprates. But a central question remained open: which orbitals actually pair? Theory has been split between scenarios dominated by the dz² bands (with interlayer coupling doing the work) and those dominated by the in-plane dx²−y² bands, as in the cuprates.
Wenjie Sun, Zhicheng Jiang, Yuefeng Nie and colleagues now report the observation of a superconductivity-induced leading-edge gap in La3Ni2O7, resolving the structure of the superconducting gap directly. The Fermi surface is shown to derive mainly from the dx²−y² bands, with minimal involvement of the dz² band — a strong constraint on pairing theories and a point of contact with cuprate phenomenology. Nature Physics, 21 July 2026.
Orbital order — a spontaneous choice of which electron orbital is occupied, breaking rotational symmetry — is notoriously difficult to isolate, because it usually arrives entangled with structural (lattice) and magnetic transitions. Disentangling the orbital degree of freedom from its companions is a long-standing experimental challenge.
A new study on an intermetallic compound reveals a surface 5d-orbital order, identified through both its electronic band structure and its real-space fingerprints. The two-pronged evidence — momentum space and real space — is what makes the identification convincing. The result adds to a broader theme in current condensed matter physics: moving beyond charge transport to exploit orbital, spin and other electronic degrees of freedom. News & Views by Pochang Chen and Md Shafayat Hossain, Nature Physics, 21 July 2026.
Some near-Earth objects show tiny nongravitational accelerations — motions that cannot be explained by gravity alone — despite showing no visible coma or tail. These “dark comets” are thought to be outgassing ices too faintly to see, but proving it has been hard.
This work shows that astrometry of the near-Earth object (875163) 1998 SH2 spanning 1998 to 2025 reveals orbital perturbations consistent with cometary outgassing. No activity was visible in archival images, but follow-up observations with large-aperture telescopes — ESO’s Very Large Telescope (VLT) and the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) — revealed a weak, low-surface-brightness tail, proving that 1998 SH2 is genuinely a cometary object; it has since received the periodic-comet designation P/1998 SH2. The methodological point is the important one: when cometary activity is weak, outgassing can go undetected for decades, so nongravitational perturbations measured over long astrometric arcs provide an independent diagnostic for identifying comets — implying that more near-Earth objects currently catalogued as asteroids may in fact be comets. This also bears on planetary defence, since impact-risk calculations for the near-Earth catalogue generally assume gravity-only dynamics. Nature Astronomy, July 2026.
Most stars are born in binaries, so in principle many supernova remnants should come in pairs — two explosions from two stars that once orbited each other. Yet no surviving pair of supernova remnants from the same stellar system had ever been identified.
Miltiadis Michailidis, Marianne Lemoine-Goumard, Nicola Omodei and colleagues report that the progenitors of the supernova remnants IC 443 and G189.6+3.3 may have formed a binary system. The key evidence is their shared interactions with the same surrounding clouds: the two remnants appear to be plowing into common material, which is difficult to arrange unless they exploded in the same place. If confirmed, this would be a candidate binary-system supernova pair with no known analogue. Published open access in Nature Communications17, 6190 (21 July 2026).
In a burning fusion plasma, energetic alpha particles can resonantly drive Alfvén eigenmodes, which in turn can eject those very particles before they finish heating the plasma. Understanding how such modes saturate nonlinearly is therefore crucial for predicting high-performance tokamak operation.
This study addresses the nonlinear saturation of reversed-shear Alfvén eigenmodes (RSAEs) in tokamaks, employing both nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations and analytic theory. The key result: with energetic-particle dynamics kept linear, the suppression and eventual saturation of the RSAE occur via downward frequency chirping induced by the beat-driven zonal current — as the frequency chirps down, mode conversion into radially propagating, electron-Landau-damped kinetic Alfvén waves strengthens, enhancing convective (radiative) damping until the mode saturates. Theory and simulations agree both qualitatively and quantitatively. RSAEs are localized near the minimum of the safety factor q in reversed-shear configurations, making them a distinctive and practically important class of energetic-particle-driven instability. Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 045101, published 21 July 2026.
本研究は、トカマクにおける反転磁気シアAlfvén固有モード(RSAE)の非線形飽和を、非線形ジャイロ運動論シミュレーションと解析的理論の双方を用いて扱った。鍵となる結果はこうだ。高エネルギー粒子のダイナミクスを線形に保った条件では、RSAEの抑制と最終的な飽和はビート駆動されたゾナル電流が引き起こす下向きの周波数チャーピングを介して進む。周波数が下がるにつれて、径方向へ伝播する電子ランダウ減衰型の運動論的Alfvén波へのモード変換が強まり、対流的(輐射的)減衰が増して飽和に至る。理論はシミュレーションと定性的にも定量的にも良く一致した。RSAEは反転磁気シア配位における安全係数qの極小付近に局在するモードであり、高エネルギー粒子駆動不安定性のなかでも特徴的かつ実用上重要なクラスである。Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 045101、2026年7月21日出版。
Most cosmic rays are charged particles — protons and heavier nuclei — and interstellar magnetic fields bend their paths, erasing any memory of where they came from. Neutrinos do not have that problem. Being electrically neutral and almost non-interacting, a high-energy neutrino travels essentially straight from its source to Earth, which makes it the single best pointer to whatever is accelerating particles to PeV energies. Such sources are nicknamed PeVatrons.
On 4 October 2023 the IceCube detector at the South Pole recorded a high-energy neutrino event, IC-231004A, arriving from the direction of Leo. The very next day the Zwicky Transient Facility at Palomar found a Type Ibn supernova, SN 2023uqf, in that same patch of sky. Type Ibn supernovae are “interaction-powered”: the exploding star ploughs into a dense shell of helium-rich material it shed shortly before death, and that collision is exactly the kind of environment where shocks can accelerate protons to enormous energies. Ryo Sawada (RIKEN iTHEMS), Yusuke Inoue (Kyoto University) and Yosuke Ashida (Tohoku University) modelled the system to test whether SN 2023uqf could plausibly have produced the neutrino. Their conclusion is carefully hedged — this is not a claim that IC-231004A came from SN 2023uqf — but it shows that interaction-powered Type Ibn supernovae are viable transient PeVatron candidates, a class worth systematically following up in the multi-messenger era. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 8 July 2026; announced by RIKEN on 21 July.
More than 6,000 exoplanets have been found, yet no exomoon has ever been confidently detected. Candidates exist but remain controversial. Brown dwarfs sit between planets and stars; an object orbiting such a substellar companion is called an exosatellite, and whether it also qualifies as an “exomoon” is unsettled because the term lacks a formal definition.
Kevin Hoy, Alice Zurlo and colleagues applied radial-velocity analysis — the same technique Mayor and Queloz used in 1995 to find the first exoplanet around a Sun-like star — to VLT/CRIRES+ spectra of the directly imaged brown dwarf companion CD-35 2722 B. They find what appears to be the periodic signal of at least one orbiting satellite. Their best-fitting model includes a satellite with a minimum mass of about 0.9 Jupiter masses and a period of around 170 days. This is, to the authors’ knowledge, the first time the RV technique has produced evidence of satellites around a companion brown dwarf. Whether it meets the (currently undefined) criteria for an exomoon is uncertain, but it is a marked step toward the first uncontroversial detection, since improving technology will let the same method reach less massive targets. Nature655, 865–869 (published 22 July 2026); the finding immediately sparked debate over what should count as a moon.
It has been widely accepted that the severity of geomagnetic storms — magnetic disturbances in Earth’s outer atmosphere — saturates: beyond a certain solar-wind driving strength, the storm response stops growing. That apparent ceiling has shaped estimates of the worst-case space weather that power grids, satellites and communications must withstand.
This Nature News & Views piece explains that the upper limit is an illusion. It arises from uncertainty in measuring solar-wind strength: when the driving parameter is noisy, extreme measured values are systematically overestimates, and the true value regresses toward the mean — which makes the storm response look as though it flattens out at the high end. Correct for that statistical artefact and the saturation disappears. The practical implication is uncomfortable: extreme geomagnetic storms may be more severe than current models assume. Published 22 July 2026.
Kagome metals host an unusual mix of superconductivity, charge order and topological band features, and the role of magnetic impurities in shaping that mix has remained unresolved. In a conventional superconductor a magnetic impurity is pair-breaking; in a kagome system with competing orders the outcome is far less obvious.
A new study on a magnetically doped kagome superconductor reveals anisotropic Kondo resonances intertwined with the superconducting gap. In other words, the impurity spin is screened by the conduction electrons (the Kondo effect) in a direction-dependent way, and that screening does not simply coexist with superconductivity — the two are entangled in the local electronic spectrum. News & Views by Barun Ghosh, Nature Physics, 22 July 2026.
Cuprate high-temperature superconductivity emerges when holes are doped into a Mott insulator, but almost everything we know about it comes from the collective end of the story — charge order, pseudogap, superconductivity. What the very first doped holes actually look like, one at a time, has been much harder to see.
New work shows that the first holes doped into a cuprate create atomic-scale electronic states — described as “electronic clovers” for their shape — which then combine into larger motifs. This offers a genuinely bottom-up view of how charge order and superconducting phenomena emerge from individual dopants, rather than inferring the microscopic picture backwards from macroscopic order. News & Views by Eduardo H. da Silva Neto, Nature Physics, 22 July 2026.
新しい研究は、銅酸化物に最初にドープされたホールが原子スケールの電子状態を作ることを示した。その形状から「電子のクローバー」と表現されるこの状態が、やがてより大きなモチーフへと結合していく。マクロな秩序から微視的描像を逆算するのではなく、個々のドーパントから電荷秩序や超伝導現象がどう立ち上がるかをボトムアップで見る視点を与える成果である。Eduardo H. da Silva NetoによるNews & Views、Nature Physics 2026年7月22日。
Nature published an explainer on how quantum computers work, aimed at readers outside the field. Its framing reflects a shift in mood: recent breakthroughs suggest usable devices could arrive within a decade.
The timing is not accidental. Over the past year the field has seen steady progress on the hardest problem — quantum error correction — including, elsewhere in July 2026, the encoding and correction of a logical qubit within the internal states of a single trapped ion. Explainers like this one matter because the gap between what quantum computers can actually do and what they are popularly believed to do remains large. By Dan Fox and Davide Castelvecchi, Nature, 22 July 2026.
Heat in solids is usually carried diffusively by phonons that scatter constantly, which is why it spreads out in all directions. But if phonons can travel far enough without scattering, heat flow becomes wave-like and can be focused along particular crystal directions — a phenomenon called phonon focusing. Historically this required cryogenic temperatures, where phonon lifetimes are long.
Man Li, Huan Wu, Yongjie Hu and colleagues now demonstrate phonon focusing at room temperature. They observe long-lived phonon waves and transport that depends on crystal orientation — the signature of focusing rather than diffusion. Because the effect survives at ambient conditions, it opens practical opportunities for directional heat control in future technologies: steering waste heat away from hotspots in electronics, or engineering thermal circuits much as one engineers electrical ones. Nature Physics, 23 July 2026.
The 2026 Fields Medals — mathematics’ most famous prize, awarded every four years to two to four mathematicians under the age of 40 — were announced on 23 July at the opening ceremony of the International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) in Philadelphia, the first ICM held in the United States since 1986. The winners are Yu Deng (University of Chicago), John Pardon (Stony Brook University), Jacob Tsimerman (University of Toronto) and Hong Wang (New York University / IHÉS, France).
Deng and Wang are the first Chinese-born winners since Shing-Tung Yau in 1982, and Wang is only the third woman ever to receive a Fields Medal, after Maryam Mirzakhani (2014) and Maryna Viazovska (2022); her recognized work includes the resolution, with Joshua Zahl, of the three-dimensional Kakeya conjecture. The physics connection is unusually direct this year: Deng was cited for the rigorous derivation of the Boltzmann equation from hard-sphere dynamics and of wave kinetic equations from nonlinear dispersive systems — core problems of mathematical physics. Reported by Davide Castelvecchi, Nature, 23 July 2026.
Characterizing what a quantum device actually does — learning its noise channels — is a prerequisite for error correction, but the number of experiments required grows punishingly with system size. Theory says that using entanglement with a quantum memory can give an exponential advantage, but real memories are noisy, and it was unclear whether the advantage survives in practice.
Alireza Seif, Senrui Chen, Zlatko K. Minev and colleagues show that entanglement with a noisy quantum memory can significantly speed up learning of quantum processes. Combined with error mitigation, their method characterizes quantum noise at scale and outperforms entanglement-free approaches. This is a useful result precisely because it does not assume a fault-tolerant memory: the advantage is demonstrated with the imperfect hardware available now. Published open access in Nature Communications, 23 July 2026.
Resolving finite-temperature critical behaviour near a phase transition is computationally hard: correlation lengths diverge, so one needs large systems and careful finite-size scaling. Quantum annealers are usually pitched as optimizers, not as tools for equilibrium statistical mechanics.
Gianluca Teza, Francesco Campaioli, Oren Raz and colleagues demonstrate that a carefully calibrated quantum annealer can accurately extract the critical temperature and universal exponents of the two-dimensional Ising model at large system sizes. The 2D Ising model is exactly solvable, which is the point: it provides an unforgiving benchmark against which the annealer’s output can be validated. Success there suggests annealers may be usable as thermal samplers for models that are not exactly solvable. Published open access in Nature Communications, 23 July 2026.
Rydberg atoms are excellent microwave electrometers — their huge dipole moments make them exquisitely sensitive — and they are also a leading platform for quantum computing. Combining the two roles, so that computational control improves sensing, has proved harder than it sounds.
Stanisław Kurzyna, Bartosz Niewelt, Michał Parniak and colleagues demonstrate a microwave-sensing protocol based on collective Rydberg states in which the interatomic interactions themselves implement inherent error protection. The protocol is robust against detection losses — a dominant practical noise source, since photons that never reach the detector normally degrade the signal directly. Building the robustness into the physics rather than into post-processing is what makes the approach attractive. Published open access in Nature Communications, 24 July 2026.
A toroidal magnetic moment — spins arranged head-to-tail around a ring — is a genuinely distinct magnetic order parameter, neither ferromagnetic nor antiferromagnetic, and it couples magnetism to electric fields (magnetoelectricity). Molecular rings are natural hosts, but toroidal states have been hard to prepare and hard to detect.
Alessandro Soncini, Kieran Hymas, Annie K. Powell and colleagues show that near-infrared light can drive finite-temperature toroidal polarization in an Fe10Dy10 molecular ring, and that the resulting state is amenable to magnetoelectric readout. Both halves matter: optical driving gives a handle for preparation, and magnetoelectric readout gives a handle for detection — and crucially, this is at finite temperature rather than only in an idealized ground state. Published open access in Nature Communications, 24 July 2026.
The quantum Hall effect is a two-dimensional phenomenon, but 3D semimetals can show analogous quasi-quantum Hall effects (QQHE) when the magnetic field pushes carriers into the lowest Landau level. The obstacle has been tunability: it is hard to lower the Fermi level enough in a semimetal to reach that regime at accessible fields.
Ian A. Leahy, Anthony D. Rice, Kirstin Alberi and colleagues achieve ultralow carrier densities in Cd3As2, revealing QQHE signatures at modest magnetic fields. Just as importantly, they show that charged disorder plays a critical role in degrading the quasi-quantization — a caution for anyone hoping to build devices on topological semimetals, where the same low carrier density that enables the effect also makes screening of charged impurities weak. Published open access in Communications Materials, 24 July 2026.
Ian A. Leahy、Anthony D. Rice、Kirstin Alberiらは、Cd3As2において超低キャリア密度を達成し、控えめな磁場でQQHEのシグナルを観測した。同じく重要なのは、荷電不純物による乱れが準量子化を著しく損なうことを示した点である。トポロジカル半金属でデバイスを作ろうとする者への警告でもある——効果を可能にするその低キャリア密度こそが、荷電不純物の遮蔽を弱めてしまうからだ。Communications Materials 2026年7月24日、オープンアクセス。
Altermagnetism — a proposed third class of collinear magnetism, with compensated (zero net) moments but spin-split bands — has been one of the most energetic debates in magnetism, and RuO2 has been its flagship candidate for metallic d-wave altermagnetism. Experiments have disagreed sharply about whether RuO2 is magnetically ordered at all.
Mojtaba Alaei, Nafise Rezaei, Alireza Qaiumzadeh and colleagues use first-principles calculations to argue that RuO2 thin films cannot stabilize a compensated antiferromagnetic order. Instead they find ferrimagnetic-like behaviour influenced by strain, film orientation and substrate effects. If correct, this clarifies the long-running experimental discrepancies by locating them in sample-dependent physics rather than in the intrinsic ground state — and it weakens the case for RuO2 specifically, without settling altermagnetism as a concept. Published open access in Communications Materials, 24 July 2026.
The maser preceded the laser, but practical masers have long required cryogenics, vacuum tubes or exotic crystals such as pentacene-doped p-terphenyl; the 2018 diamond maser achieved continuous-wave room-temperature operation with nitrogen–vacancy centres, but diamond is hard to engineer into scalable devices. A semiconductor maser working continuously above room temperature would be a genuinely different proposition — compact, scalable and compatible with existing device technology.
Andreas Gottscholl, Maximilian Wagenhöfer, Andreas Sperlich and colleagues report the first maser realized in silicon carbide (SiC), based on optically pumped silicon-vacancy (VSi) spin defects in 4H-SiC. The device achieves continuous-wave operation above room temperature with high gain, demonstrates microwave mode cooling, and functions as an ultrasensitive magnetometer. SiC is an industrially mature wide-bandgap semiconductor with well-characterized spin defects, which is exactly why this result points toward compact, scalable maser technologies rather than a laboratory curiosity. Published open access in Nature Communications17, 7267 (25 July 2026).
Quantum-enhanced optical networks — squeezed-light interferometers, distributed sensing, gravitational-wave detectors — rely on preserving delicate quantum correlations across multiple beams. Ordinary loss is well understood. This work identifies a hidden decoherence mechanism that is not.
Stephan Grebien, Julian Gurs, Mikhail Korobko and colleagues describe “hyperloss”: decoherence arising from coherent spatial-mode mixing, in which small mismatches between laser beams can completely destroy the quantum enhancement. The severity is the point — a mismatch that would look negligible in a classical alignment budget can wipe out the advantage entirely. Encouragingly, the authors also show that phase engineering can restore the lost quantum correlations, turning a fundamental-sounding obstacle into an engineering problem. Published open access in Nature Communications17, 7270 (25 July 2026).
Noise limits how long superconducting qubits can hold quantum information. A standard defence is to operate at a “sweet spot” — a bias point where the qubit frequency is first-order insensitive to flux noise. Dynamical sweet spots, created by periodically modulating the flux, extend this idea, but they involve a trade-off: what protects dephasing (T2) may harm relaxation (T1) or gate quality.
Zhen Yang, Shan Jin, Xiaoting Wang and colleagues treat this explicitly as a multi-objective problem, performing Pareto front engineering of generalized periodic flux modulation in fluxonium qubits. Optimizing along the Pareto front, they improve dephasing times by a factor of 3–5 while maintaining long relaxation times and enabling high-fidelity gates — that is, without paying the usual price elsewhere. Published open access in Communications Physics, 25 July 2026.
Correlated oxides are known for metamagnetic switching: applying a field (or current) drives a non-ferromagnetic phase into a ferromagnetic one. The reverse — electrically pushing a ferromagnet into a non-ferromagnetic phase — is much less common, and more useful for low-power memory, since it offers a second, independent switching direction.
Suryakanta Mondal, Vinod Kumar, Bhagwati Prasad and colleagues demonstrate an electrically driven inverse-metamagnetic transition in an epitaxial Sm1−xSrxMnO3 thin film: an applied electrical stimulus takes the film from a ferromagnetic state into an antiferromagnetic-like phase. Manganites of this family sit close to a phase boundary between ferromagnetic-metallic and charge/orbital-ordered insulating states, which is what makes such a small stimulus able to tip the balance. Published open access in Nature Communications, 25 July 2026.
Shrinking magnetic domains to the nanoscale can produce unconventional short-range magnetic phases that are neither cleanly ferromagnetic nor paramagnetic. In two-dimensional magnets, where thermal fluctuations are already severe, such intermediate regimes are both common and poorly understood.
Xue Yang, Ruihuan Duan, Li Lu and colleagues synthesize the two-dimensional magnet CrxPt1−xTe2 and report a temperature-dependent evolution of superparamagnetism together with a distinctive anomalous Hall effect. Superparamagnetism — where individual nanoscale domains flip freely like giant spins — is normally a nuisance for memory applications, but here it is the physics of interest: the accompanying Hall signature provides a transport-level probe of short-range order that theory will have to reproduce. Published open access in Communications Materials, 25 July 2026.
In the strange metal phase of the cuprates, the electrical resistivity rises linearly with temperature over an enormous range, as if scattering occurred at the fastest rate quantum mechanics allows: the Planckian rate, 1/τ ≈ kBT/ħ. Whether this bound is truly universal, or merely looks that way, has been contested for decades.
A. Shekhter, B. J. Ramshaw and N. Harrison analyse existing data and show that the Planckian relaxation rate in cuprate superconductors is doping independent. The result follows from their finding that the square of the optical plasma frequency scales linearly with doping. They further argue that this scaling is a natural consequence of Mott physics — that is, of the fact that the carriers are doped into a Mott insulator, so their effective density is set by the doping itself. The appeal of the argument is that it derives the apparent universality rather than postulating it. Published open access in Nature Communications, 26 July 2026.
A. Shekhter、B. J. Ramshaw、N. Harrisonは既存データを解析し、銅酸化物超伝導体におけるプランキアン緩和率がドーピングに依存しないことを示した。この結論は、光学プラズマ周波数の2乗がドープ量に線形にスケールするという発見から導かれる。さらに著者らは、このスケーリングがモット物理の自然な帰結である——すなわちキャリアがモット絶縁体にドープされたものであるがゆえに、その実効密度がドープ量そのもので決まる——と論じる。この議論の魅力は、見かけの普遍性を仮定するのではなく導出している点にある。Nature Communications 2026年7月26日、オープンアクセス。
Coronal seismology uses the oscillations of magnetic loops in the Sun’s corona to infer quantities — above all the magnetic field strength — that cannot be measured directly. Kink oscillations, in which a loop sways transversely like a plucked string, are the workhorse mode.
Neda Dadashi, Bita Khademi, Navdeep K. Panesar and colleagues report a period increase and amplitude modification in the kink oscillations of a small-scale EUV loop. A drifting period is diagnostically valuable: it points to the loop’s physical parameters — length, density, magnetic field — changing during the oscillation itself, rather than the loop behaving as a static resonator. Small-scale loops are also increasingly accessible to modern high-resolution EUV imaging, extending coronal seismology below the large, well-studied structures. Published open access in Scientific Reports, 26 July 2026.
Nano-FTIR (scattering-type near-field infrared spectroscopy) achieves chemical identification at spatial resolutions far below the infrared wavelength, by scattering light off a sharp AFM tip. But extracting the true optical response of the sample from the measured signal is nontrivial: the tip–sample interaction distorts both amplitude and phase.
Edher Z. Herrera, Francisco C. B. Maia, Alexandre Rossi and colleagues address phase reconstruction and causality in nano-FTIR signals by combining the finite dipole model of the tip–sample interaction with the Kramers–Kronig relations. Kramers–Kronig is the mathematical expression of causality — the real and imaginary parts of any causal response function are not independent — so imposing it is not an extra assumption but a physical consistency requirement. The result is a more trustworthy route from raw near-field signal to genuine material spectra. Published open access in Scientific Reports, 26 July 2026.
Edher Z. Herrera、Francisco C. B. Maia、Alexandre Rossiらは、探針・試料相互作用の有限双極子モデルとクラマース・クローニッヒ関係を組み合わせ、ナノFTIR信号の位相再構成と因果律の問題に取り組んだ。クラマース・クローニッヒ関係は因果律の数学的表現——因果的な応答関数の実部と虚部は独立ではない——であるから、これを課すことは追加の仮定ではなく物理的な整合性の要請である。生の近接場信号から真の物質スペクトルへ至る、より信頼できる経路が得られたことになる。Scientific Reports 2026年7月26日、オープンアクセス。
For over half a century, radio SETI has concentrated on the “water hole” — the quiet band between roughly 1.42 and 1.66 GHz, bracketed by the natural emission of hydrogen and hydroxyl, the constituents of water. It is a poetic choice and a practical one, but it is also a very thin slice of the spectrum.
Louisa Mason and colleagues at the University of Manchester asked what happens if you look somewhere completely different, and did it without requesting a single hour of new telescope time. They combed archival ALMA observations — ALMA being unmatched in sensitivity above 35 GHz — examining four calibrator fields in Band 3, in two narrow spectral windows centred on 90.642 and 93.151 GHz. Narrowband signals are a natural technosignature because natural astrophysical sources essentially never concentrate radio power into such a narrow range. No candidates appeared above the detection thresholds; for the nearest of 28 Gaia DR3 stars caught in the field, the data exclude transmitters with an equivalent isotropic radiated power above roughly 7×1017 W. The null result matters less than the precedent: it is the first technosignature survey conducted with ALMA, opening the millimetre band to SETI. A companion paper pushed the “stellar bycatch” idea further — when a telescope points at one target, many other stars fall inside its field of view — and simulations suggest past radio SETI surveys may have effectively sampled over 6 million stars, versus the roughly 288,000 formally counted. Presented at the UK National Astronomy Meeting (NAM 2026) in July.
Topological phase transitions separate many-body phases that are locally indistinguishable yet globally distinct. That is precisely what makes them hard to observe: no local measurement can tell the phases apart, so a conventional order parameter does not exist.
Lin Su, Rahul Sahay, Markus Greiner and colleagues use a quantum simulator of interacting erbium atoms in an optical lattice to identify such a transition between one-dimensional crystalline-symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases. They detect the critical point through non-local string order parameters and connect it to the predicted transition between Mott and Haldane insulators. Three further results sharpen the picture: stacking two identical systems eliminates the transition, consistent with the predicted group structure and the invertibility of SPT phases; introducing symmetry-breaking disorder removes the transition; and disorder averaging restores it. The adjacent phases therefore realize a form of mixed-state quantum order in which the criticality between them depends on the observer’s information — a striking demonstration that what counts as a phase transition can be observer-relative. Published open access in Nature Physics (27 July 2026).
Lin Su・Rahul Sahay・Markus Greinerら(ハーバード大学ほか)は、光格子中で相互作用するエルビウム原子の量子シミュレータを用い、1次元の結晶対称性に守られたトポロジカル(SPT)相どうしの転移を同定した。臨界点は非局所的なストリング秩序変数によって検出され、理論的に予言されていたモット絶縁体とハルデン絶縁体の間の転移と結びつけられた。さらに3つの結果が描像を鋭くする。同一の系を2つ積み重ねると転移は消える——これは予言された群構造とSPT相の可逆性に整合する。対称性を破る乱れを入れても転移は消える。そして乱れについて平均を取ると転移は復活する。つまり隣接する2相は、両者の間の臨界性が観測者の持つ情報に依存するという「混合状態量子秩序」を実現している。何を相転移と呼べるかが観測者相対的でありうることを示した、印象的な実証だ。Nature Physics(2026年7月27日付)オープンアクセス掲載。
Fermionic superfluidity rests on Cooper pairs — two fermions correlated so tightly that they behave as composite bosons and condense. But unlike elementary bosons, these pairs keep an internal structure set by the underlying fermionic correlations, and that structure governs superfluid behaviour across the BEC–BCS crossover. Probing it directly through the macroscopic superflow has been difficult.
A team at LENS (University of Florence), CNR-INO and INFN, with colleagues in Trieste and Trento (Frómeta Fernández, Hernández-Rajkov, Del Pace, Grani, Inguscio, Scazza, Stringari, Roati), harnesses a sonic analogue of the optical Sagnac effect. They realize an in situ loop interferometer by coherently exciting two counter-propagating long-wavelength phonons in an annular fermionic superfluid with tuneable interactions. Injecting a controlled quantized supercurrent into the ring lifts the frequency degeneracy between the clockwise and anticlockwise sound modes, and the resulting Doppler shift yields the elementary quantum of circulation and the angular momentum carried per particle. The observations show directly that superflow circulation is quantized in units of h/2m — in striking contrast to bosonic condensates, where the relevant quantum is h/m — the factor of two being the signature of pairing. Operating the interferometer at tunable temperature also measures the thermal depletion of the superfluid in the unitary Fermi gas. Published in Nature Physics (26 June 2026); highlighted in a News & Views by Franklin J. Vivanco on 30 July 2026.
When a quantum many-body system is continuously monitored — atoms being detected one after another as the experiment runs — the raw output is just a stream of click times. The usual instinct is to treat those clicks as a means to an end and reconstruct the underlying state. But the statistics of the clicks themselves carry information.
Kazuki Yamamoto (Osaka Metropolitan University) and Ryusuke Hamazaki (RIKEN Hakubi Team Leader / iTHEMS) showed theoretically that the fluctuation in the number of atom-detection events depends dramatically on how strongly the system is measured. Under weak measurement the detection count fluctuates in the standard way expected of an ordinary counting process. Under strong measurement, however, an anomalously large fluctuation emerges — far beyond the standard expectation — and it does so in a universal manner, largely independent of the microscopic details. Because measurement is unavoidable in cold-atom and quantum-simulator experiments, this turns an experimental nuisance into a resource: the counting statistics of a detector become a new diagnostic for reading out quantum many-body physics directly from the measurement record. Physical Review Letters, announced 27 July 2026.
Many molecules exist as enantiomers — non-superimposable mirror images that can behave completely differently in the body. Telling them apart matters enormously for pharmaceuticals, yet conventional chiral spectroscopy relies on light carrying spin angular momentum (SAM), i.e. circular polarization, and measures very small differences.
Haritha Venugopal and colleagues (Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, IIT Bombay, IIT Hyderabad; experiments at the TIFR Hyderabad laser facility) show that twisted femtosecond beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), combined with SAM and mass spectrometry, can enhance chiral selectivity by up to fourfold. Directing pulses of a few hundred femtoseconds and several hundred microjoules at gaseous (1S)-(−)- and (1R)-(+)-Camphor, they observe strong enantioselective ionization and fragmentation: the molecules break into charged fragments whose numbers depend on how the light’s twist matches the molecule’s handedness. A time-of-flight mass spectrometer then reads the fragments off, so simply comparing fragment counts distinguishes the two mirror forms. The screw-and-nut intuition is apt — the light acts as a threaded probe. Published in Science Advances.
🎬 / 光を吸った分子の中でエネルギーが動く様子を「原子ごと」に追跡——欧州XFELの時間分解X線光電子分光(tr-XPS)で3-フルオロピリジンを観測。同じ分子の中でもフッ素原子は主に振動緩和を、窒素原子は電子分布の変化と核運動の結合を報告するという具合に、原子ごとに異なる側面が記録されることを実証。数ピコ秒スケールで円錐交差を通る過程を再構成した(欧州XFEL、Journal of the American Chemical Society掲載)
When a molecule absorbs light, several things happen almost at once: electrons jump to an excited state, the molecular frame distorts, and the system passes through a conical intersection — a fleeting crossing point where electronic and nuclear motions become strongly coupled — before dumping the excess energy into vibrations. Disentangling these near-simultaneous motions is one of the hardest problems in ultrafast chemistry.
Researchers at the European XFEL used time-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (tr-XPS) at the Small Quantum Systems (SQS) instrument to follow the process in 3-fluoropyridine, a small ring-shaped molecule. A UV pulse excited the molecules; a precisely delayed soft X-ray pulse then ejected deeply bound core electrons from either the nitrogen or the fluorine site. Because core-electron binding energies shift with the local chemical environment, recording the electron energies at many delays reconstructs how each atom’s surroundings evolved over a couple of picoseconds. The key finding is that different atoms in the same molecule record different parts of the same event: fluorine acted mainly as a marker of vibrational relaxation, while nitrogen reflected coupled electronic and nuclear motion. The study also provides evidence that optical excitation enhances an atom’s sensitivity to the motion of its neighbours. The method should transfer to photostability in DNA, energy flow in light-harvesting materials, and other light-driven processes. Published in JACS.
Quasars are among the most luminous objects in the universe, powered by matter falling onto a supermassive black hole. Theory holds that they shape the evolution of entire galaxies through energetic outflows — so-called quasar-mode feedback — but how efficient that process is, and how far it actually reaches, has remained poorly constrained. A black hole is about a hundred million times smaller than the galaxy it sits in; whether its wind can matter on galaxy-cluster scales is not obvious.
A team from Tohoku University, Kanazawa University, Tokyo Metropolitan University and collaborators used the Japanese-led X-ray spectroscopy mission XRISM, whose Resolve microcalorimeter measures the motion of hot gas with unprecedented spectral precision, to study a rapidly growing supermassive black hole at the centre of a galaxy cluster. They found that the hot gas blasted outwards as a wind is violently stirring gas out to roughly 300,000 light-years — ten times the roughly 30,000-light-year radius of the host galaxy itself. The energy involved exceeds previous estimates by more than a factor of 100. In other words, an effect long assumed to be confined inside the host galaxy in fact reaches deep into the surrounding intracluster medium, which has direct consequences for how galaxies and clusters co-evolve. Nature Astronomy, 28 July 2026 (UK time); announced in Japan on 29 July.
Intermetallics — ordered crystalline compounds of two or more metals — combine remarkable strength, high melting points and superior creep resistance, which makes them attractive for jet engines and gas turbines. Their defining flaw is that they are brittle at room temperature: they cannot deform safely, which limits both manufacturing and tolerance to sudden mechanical shock. Cobalt aluminium (CoAl) is a textbook case.
Ke Xu, Xinghang Zhang, Haiyan Wang and colleagues (Purdue University and collaborators) redesign CoAl at the nanoscale rather than changing its composition. Their route combines a framework of amorphous interfaces (FAIs) with preexisting dislocations deliberately introduced into the crystal, producing a CoAl nanolaminate by thin-film deposition. The result is a yield strength of roughly 6 GPa — about six to ten times that of high-strength structural steel — together with about 15% plastic strain at room temperature, breaking the usual strength–ductility tradeoff. The demonstration is at micrometre scale under compression, not yet a turbine blade; the team next plans larger CoAl nanocomposites and tests of whether FAIs improve ductility in other intermetallics. Published in Science Advances (17 June 2026); widely covered in late July.
Ke Xu・Xinghang Zhang・Haiyan Wangら(パデュー大学ほか)は、組成を変えるのではなくCoAlをナノスケールで再設計した。手法は、非晶質界面のフレームワーク(framework of amorphous interfaces, FAI)と、結晶中に意図的に導入したあらかじめ存在する転位を組み合わせるもので、薄膜堆積によりCoAlのナノラミネートを作製する。結果として、室温で降伏強度約6 GPa——高強度構造用鋼のおよそ6〜10倍——と、約15%の塑性ひずみを同時に達成し、強度と延性のトレードオフを破った。ただし実証はマイクロメートルスケールの圧縮試験であり、まだタービン翼そのものではない。チームは次段階として、より大きなCoAlナノ複合材料の作製と、FAIが他の金属間化合物の延性も改善するかの検証を計画している。Science Advances(2026年6月17日付)掲載、7月下旬に広く報道。
A large-scale quantum network needs two things that are hard to get from one technology: reliable quantum memories and coherent single-photon sources with narrow linewidth, high brightness and spectral uniformity. Quantum dots (QDs) are bright and fast but spectrally random and poorly matched to photon storage; warm atomic vapours offer rock-solid frequency references and memories but are dimmer. Hybrid architectures should combine the strengths — provided photons from the two dissimilar sources can actually interfere.
A team led by Han Seb Moon (Pusan National University) and Je-Hyung Kim (UNIST) reports the first experimental demonstration of direct two-photon interference between single photons from two completely independent, physically dissimilar quantum light sources: a warm caesium atomic ensemble and a semiconductor InAs/GaAs quantum dot. The two were spectrally matched near 917 nm with a spectral overlap of 0.88, yielding photons with high mutual indistinguishability. Since indistinguishability between remote, heterogeneous nodes is the prerequisite for entanglement swapping and quantum repeaters, the result is a concrete step toward modular quantum networks in which memory nodes and emitter nodes come from different physical platforms. Published in Light: Science & Applications (15 July 2026).
A conventional photonic crystal is a material whose refractive index is patterned periodically in space; that spatial patterning is what makes optical fibres, mirrors and photonic chips behave the way they do. A photonic time crystal (PTC) is the temporal analogue: a material whose optical properties are modulated periodically in time. Theory says PTCs should do remarkable things — amplify light, create momentum bandgaps, even support new kinds of lasing — but building one requires modulation that is both very strong and very fast, and no all-optical implementation had ever been achieved.
An international team from École Polytechnique, the Collège de France and Germany’s Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) has now done it, at terahertz frequencies. Their device is a surface-plasmon cavity metamaterial — gold structures on a semiconductor, hosting collective electron waves — driven by HZDR’s TELBE superradiant terahertz source. The intense THz field dynamically modulates the kinetic energy and effective mass of the carriers, producing periodic driving that is near-unity in strength and coherent on a sub-optical-cycle timescale: exactly the regime PTCs require. The system shows a clear transition into the photonic time crystal regime, accompanied by a roughly halving of plasmonic losses — a striking result given that loss is the usual death sentence for plasmonics. The next goals are to suppress dissipation further and increase the number of trapped photons; sufficient amplification would open the door to highly tunable terahertz lasers, a long-standing gap between electronics and photonics. Nature 656, 343–348 (2026), published 29 July.
Semiconductor spin qubits are among the most promising building blocks for quantum computers: they can be made with the materials and fabrication used for ordinary silicon chips. But two obstacles have blocked the path to scale — how to connect qubits that do not sit right next to each other, and how to control huge numbers of them without an unmanageable tangle of wiring. Two independent papers published together in Nature address one each.
Brennan Undseth, Nicola Meggiato, Lieven M. K. Vandersypen and colleagues (QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, with TNO) attack connectivity with coherent spin shuttling. Their silicon device contains a shuttling bus that transports qubits so they can interact at four isolated locations the authors call “bus stops.” They dynamically populate the array and tune all single- and two-qubit operations using shuttling and quantum non-demolition (QND) spin measurements — without charge sensing in most of the device — achieving universal control of an effective five-qubit processor and selecting the connectivity needed to form a surface-code stabilizer plaquette supporting X- and Z-type parity checks up to weight four. Using those parity checks they generate multi-qubit entanglement across all qubit combinations and report a genuine five-qubit GHZ state — the largest yet built with gate-defined semiconductor spins. The companion paper reports a digitally controlled silicon quantum processing unit, addressing the wiring bottleneck. Both in Nature (2026).
Brennan Undseth・Nicola Meggiato・Lieven M. K. Vandersypenら(QuTech/デルフト工科大学カブリ・ナノサイエンス研究所、オランダ応用科学研究機構TNOと共同)は、接続性の問題にコヒーレントなスピン・シャトリングで挑んだ。彼らのシリコン素子には量子ビットを輸送するシャトリング・バスがあり、著者らが「バス停」と呼ぶ4つの孤立した地点で量子ビットどうしを相互作用させられる。配列を動的に占有し、シャトリングと量子非破壊(QND)スピン測定を使ってすべての1量子ビット・2量子ビット演算を調整する——素子の大部分では電荷センシングを使わずに、である。こうして実効的な5量子ビットプロセッサの万能制御を達成し、表面符号のスタビライザ・プラケットに必要な、重み4までのX型・Z型パリティ検査を支える接続性を選び出した。さらにこのパリティ検査を用いて配列内のあらゆる量子ビットの組み合わせで多量子ビットもつれを生成し、真の5量子ビットGHZ状態を報告している。ゲート定義の半導体スピンで構成された最大のGHZ状態だ。もう1本の論文はデジタル制御のシリコン量子処理ユニット(QPU)を報告し、配線のボトルネックに答えている。ともにNature(2026年)掲載。
Diamond colour centres such as the nitrogen-vacancy centre are the workhorses of solid-state quantum technology, but they share a chronic weakness: they couple to a broad continuum of lattice vibrations (phonons), which smears their emission and pushes most photons out of the useful narrow zero-phonon line.
Researchers in Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign — graduate student Swetapadma Sahoo in Simeon Bogdanov’s group, with undergraduates Jaden Li and Darwon Kim, and collaborators at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, UCLA and partners in France and Russia — report a newly identified colour centre they name IL1, after the university. IL1 emits exceptionally bright, narrowband single photons while remaining remarkably insensitive to the crystal vibrations typical of the diamond lattice. The mechanism is the interesting part: instead of coupling to many bulk phonon modes, IL1 couples to a single, well-behaved local vibration that does not significantly spoil the emission. Strong broadband phonon decoupling of this kind is exactly what quantum networks need from a photon source. Published in Nature Communications.
Chiral magnets — materials whose atomic magnetic moments twist into helices and vortices — show nonreciprocal transport: current flows more easily one way than the other, a “magnetic diode” effect known as the electrical magnetochiral effect. Theory has mostly treated the magnetic moments as classical localized spins, yet experiments on chiral magnets such as MnSi suggest that quantum fluctuations strongly influence how electrons move. No clear quantum-mechanical account existed.
Hajime Murata and Hiroaki Ishizuka (Department of Physics, Institute of Science Tokyo) supply one, and the answer turns out to connect to a classic of condensed-matter physics. They show that the coexistence of quantum fluctuations and chiral spin correlations produces a log(T) temperature dependence in the electrical magnetochiral effect. Using the Green’s-function method together with a scattering-theory approach, they demonstrate that this logarithmic dependence arises through a scattering process similar to that of the Kondo effect — the celebrated log(T) resistivity upturn seen in metals with magnetic impurities. The practical implication is a diode effect that grows stronger as the material is cooled, a useful design principle for spintronics. Published in Physical Review Letters 137, 036301 (15 July 2026).