📰 2026年7月 のニュース / July 2026 (全168件・随時追加)
2026年7月(July 2026)に発表・注目された基礎物理学の最新ニュースと研究解説。月の始まりに厳選した一次ソース付きの項目を掲載し、今後さらに追加していきます。Recent physics news and research explanations from July 2026, with primary sources; more will be added through the month.
📅 2026年7月 / July 2026
On Saturday, 27 June 2026, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) — the world’s most powerful particle accelerator — dumped its final beams, ending an operational era that began with first collisions in 2009 and included the 2012 discovery of the Higgs boson. On 29 June the machine formally entered Long Shutdown 3 (LS3).
LS3 is CERN’s most extensive intervention on its accelerator complex since the LHC was built. Over the next ~4 years, more than 1.2 km of magnets and components will be removed and replaced to transform the collider into the High-Luminosity LHC (HiLumi LHC). When it restarts — the accelerator complex gradually coming back from 2028 and HiLumi physics beginning around 2030 — the upgrade aims to raise the luminosity (collision rate) by up to a factor of ten, enabling precision studies of the Higgs boson and sharper searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. The ATLAS and CMS detectors, which can currently resolve roughly 60 proton–proton collisions per bunch crossing, are being rebuilt to handle 140–200. CERN’s other accelerators keep running until the end of August before entering their own shutdown, and thousands of researchers will continue analysing the vast LHC Run 1–3 datasets throughout the pause. Announced by CERN.
Primary source / 一次ソース: CERN, “CERN bids farewell to the LHC and enters Long Shutdown 3” (2026)
Details / 詳細: CERN — Long Shutdown 3 (LS3) & High-Luminosity LHC (HiLumi LHC)
Keywords: LHC, Large Hadron Collider, 大型ハドロン衝突型加速器, Long Shutdown 3, LS3, 長期シャットダウン3, HiLumi LHC, High-Luminosity LHC, 高輝度LHC, CERN, セルン, Higgs boson, ヒッグス粒子, luminosity, 輝度, ATLAS, CMS, particle physics, 素粒子物理学, accelerator, 加速器, Standard Model, 標準模型, 物理学, physics
The Hong–Ou–Mandel (HOM) effect is a hallmark of quantum indistinguishability: when two identical bosons meet at a 50:50 beam splitter, they leave together through the same port and never split. First seen with photon pairs in 1987, it underpins quantum information and metrology. Extending it to many massive particles has been hard, because photonic platforms suffer loss and atomic counting must be nearly perfect.
Martin Quensen, Mareike Hetzel, Luis Santos, Carsten Klempt and colleagues (German Aerospace Center, DLR, and Leibniz University Hannover) demonstrate HOM interference with up to 12 indistinguishable neutral atoms in a system with negligible loss and single-particle-resolving detection (counting uncertainty around 0.2 atoms). From high-fidelity twin-Fock states they observe the defining many-particle signatures — parity oscillations, a bunching envelope and genuine multipartite entanglement — and use the generated states to reach metrological sensitivity scaling at the Heisenberg limit. The result establishes a scalable, low-loss atomic platform for multiparticle interferometry and precision measurement. Published in Nature Physics.
Journal article / 論文: M. Quensen, M. Hetzel, L. Santos, … C. Klempt et al., “Hong–Ou–Mandel interference of more than ten indistinguishable atoms,” Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03302-7
Keywords: Hong-Ou-Mandel effect, ホン・オウ・マンデル効果, HOM interference, HOM干渉, indistinguishable atoms, 不可弁別性, neutral atoms, 中性原子, multipartite entanglement, 多体もつれ, twin-Fock state, ツインフォック状態, quantum metrology, 量子計測, Heisenberg limit, ハイゼンベルク限界, bosonic bunching, ボソンバンチング, Carsten Klempt, DLR, Leibniz University Hannover, Nature Physics, 物理学, physics
At very low temperatures, quantum particles usually organize themselves by strict rules: fermions fill available energy levels up to a sharp edge, forming the familiar Fermi sea. Researchers now show that a driven quantum system can settle into a “fractional Fermi sea” — a state that keeps the sharp boundary but whose interior levels are only partially filled, so that order and excitation coexist.
A team from the Nagerl group (University of Innsbruck) with theorist Alvise Bastianello (CNRS / Universite Paris-Dauphine) used ultracold cesium atoms confined to one dimension and repeatedly cycled the interaction strength between strongly repulsive and strongly attractive regimes. Instead of simply heating the gas, this far-from-equilibrium drive reorganizes the atoms into a long-lived, highly ordered non-equilibrium state whose correlations go beyond Tomonaga–Luttinger liquid theory, a cornerstone description of one-dimensional quantum matter. The work provides the theoretical foundation for accompanying cold-atom experiments and offers a tunable critical phase for quantum simulation of correlated, non-equilibrium many-body physics. Published in Physical Review Letters (news coverage cresting at the turn of July 2026).
Journal article / 論文: A. Bastianello, Y. Zeng, … H.-C. Nagerl, M. Landini, “Exotic critical states as fractional Fermi seas in the one-dimensional Bose gas,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 230402 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/j3s5-gjpf
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2602.17656
Keywords: fractional Fermi sea, 分数フェルミ海, Fermi sea, フェルミ海, ultracold atoms, 超冷却原子, cesium, セシウム, one-dimensional Bose gas, 1次元ボース気体, Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid, 朝永ラッティンジャー液体, non-equilibrium, 非平衡, critical phase, 臨界相, quantum simulation, 量子シミュレーション, Nagerl, University of Innsbruck, CNRS, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Squeezed states redistribute quantum or thermal noise in phase space so that fluctuations in one variable fall below the standard level, at the cost of increased noise in the conjugate variable. Squeezing is central to precision measurement, but realizing and characterizing it in magnetic media had remained largely unexplored.
Tomosato Hioki, Kaito Tojo and colleagues (University of Tokyo) demonstrate single-mode thermal squeezing of magnetization dynamics in a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) film using microwave parametric excitation, driving the magnon noise below its thermal level. They also observe two-mode thermal squeezing: correlated fluctuations of magnons localized on the top and bottom surfaces of the film across a macroscopic distance. Controlling thermal squeezing in a magnetic system sheds light on the fluctuation dynamics of magnetic order and marks a step toward observing quantum effects in magnetic films — useful for low-noise spin-based sensing and information technology. Published (open access) in Nature Physics; News & Views coverage appeared 30 June 2026.
Journal article / 論文: T. Hioki, K. Tojo et al., “Single- and two-mode magnon thermal squeezing,” Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03294-4
Keywords: magnon squeezing, マグノンスクイージング, thermal squeezing, 熱スクイージング, yttrium iron garnet, イットリウム鉄ガーネット, YIG, parametric excitation, パラメトリック励起, magnonics, マグノニクス, spintronics, スピントロニクス, two-mode squeezing, 2モードスクイージング, quantum noise, 量子雑音, University of Tokyo, 東京大学, Nature Physics, 物理学, physics
Topological defects — points or lines where an ordered pattern cannot smoothly align — shape the collective behaviour of anisotropic materials, including living matter. In two dimensions their biological roles are known, but whether three-dimensional polar defects matter for biology, and how their configurations are controlled, had been unclear.
Using a liquid-crystal-based model and experiments, researchers report a charge-preserving transition between 3D defect configurations that is driven by the geometry of the confining boundary and is independent of material parameters. Strikingly, in the mouse embryo the three-dimensional polar defects mark the sites where fluid-filled lumina form — essential structures for subsequent development. When the team experimentally perturbed embryo shape beyond the predicted transition point, additional lumen-initiation sites appeared near the predicted defect locations, confirming the causal link. The work ties fundamental liquid-crystal physics to embryonic development. Published in Nature Materials, with a companion Nature Physics News & Views (30 June 2026).
Journal article / 論文: “Boundary geometry controls a topological defect transition that determines lumen nucleation in embryonic development,” Nature Materials (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41563-026-02594-7
Keywords: topological defects, トポロジカル欠陥, three-dimensional defects, 3次元欠陥, liquid crystal, 液晶, active matter, アクティブマター, mouse embryo, マウス胚, lumen, 内腔, ルーメン, morphogenesis, 形態形成, boundary geometry, 境界幾何学, developmental biology, 発生生物学, biological physics, 生物物理, Nature Materials, 物理学, physics
Note: this item is a preprint that has drawn attention at the turn of July 2026. It proposes a correspondence and includes a small five-qubit proof-of-principle demonstration — it is not a proof of the Riemann Hypothesis.
The Riemann Hypothesis (RH) — that all nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function lie on the critical line — is one of mathematics’ deepest open problems. The century-old Hilbert–Polya conjecture suggests those zeros might be eigenvalues of some unknown quantum operator. This work proposes a physical footing for that idea: the authors construct engineered quantum many-body systems, initialize them in thermal equilibrium, and quench them with tailored interaction Hamiltonians so that the zeta function’s structure is imprinted on measurable observables. They argue that the nontrivial zeros correspond to critical points of dynamical quantum phase transitions (DQPTs) — nonanalytic points in the time evolution — in two distinct constructed models, and describe a scheme to probe even large Riemann zeros. If borne out, the framework would recast an abstract number-theory conjecture as a question about non-equilibrium quantum dynamics. Preprint (arXiv:2511.11199).
Preprint / プレプリント(一次ソース): “The Riemann Hypothesis Emerges in Dynamical Quantum Phase Transitions,” arXiv:2511.11199 (2025–2026)
Keywords: Riemann Hypothesis, リーマン予想, Riemann zeta function, リーマンゼータ関数, Hilbert-Polya conjecture, ヒルベルト・ポリア予想, dynamical quantum phase transition, 動的量子相転移, DQPT, quantum many-body, 量子多体系, quench, クエンチ, number theory, 数論, mathematical physics, 数理物理, preprint, プレプリント, arXiv, 物理学, physics
Neutrinos are among the least understood elementary particles: electrically neutral, nearly massless, and interacting so weakly that trillions pass through your body every second. Their tiny masses lie beyond the Standard Model, and one of the field’s biggest open questions is the neutrino mass ordering — whether the third mass state is the heaviest (“normal”) or the lightest (“inverted”).
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) — a 20,000-tonne liquid-scintillator sphere buried ~700 m underground in Guangdong, China, about 52.5 km from the Yangjiang and Taishan reactors and led by the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences — has published its first physics result as a Nature cover article. Using just 59 days of data (26 August – 2 November 2025), the collaboration simultaneously determined two oscillation parameters to record precision: sin²θ₁₂ = 0.3092 ± 0.0087 and Δm²₂₁ = (7.50 ± 0.12) × 10⁻⁵ eV² (normal-ordering scenario), improving the precision by a factor of 1.6 over the combination of all previous measurements. The rapid, world-leading result validates JUNO’s detector design and analysis and confirms its readiness for its primary goal — resolving the mass ordering with a larger dataset. Published in Nature, 10 June 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): JUNO Collaboration, “Measurement of reactor neutrino oscillation with the first JUNO data,” Nature (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10538-z
Preprint / プレプリント: “First measurement of reactor neutrino oscillations at JUNO,” arXiv:2511.14593
Keywords: JUNO, 江門地下ニュートリノ観測所, neutrino, ニュートリノ, neutrino oscillation, ニュートリノ振動, mass ordering, 質量順序, reactor neutrino, 原子炉ニュートリノ, liquid scintillator, 液体シンチレータ, IHEP, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 中国科学院, theta12, Delta m21, three-flavor, 三世代混合, beyond Standard Model, 標準模型を超える物理, particle physics, 素粒子物理学, Nature, 物理学, physics
A Schrödinger-cat state places a system into a superposition of two distinct components. The textbook version uses coherent states — wave packets that behave as classically as quantum mechanics allows — displaced in opposite directions in phase space. Such cats are central to quantum technology, including bosonic error-correcting codes that protect information in a single oscillator.
Researchers at the University of Oxford demonstrated a way to build cat states from a broad family of components that are themselves highly nonclassical, rather than near-classical coherent states. Working with the motional (oscillator) mode of a single trapped ion, they created superpositions of squeezed and trisqueezed states: the reconstructed Wigner function shows sixfold rotational symmetry and regions of Wigner negativity, a direct signature of nonclassical quantum interference. They also realized squeezed-cat states whose positional variance is simultaneously larger and smaller than the Heisenberg limit along orthogonal axes — a class proposed earlier but never before realized. Because such states are exactly the resource that squeezed-cat bosonic codes require, the work opens a practical path toward more resilient quantum computers. Published in Physical Review X, 3 June 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): S. Saner et al., “Generating Arbitrary Superpositions of Nonclassical Quantum Harmonic Oscillator States,” Physical Review X (2026), DOI: 10.1103/k1xk-yt42
Keywords: Schrödinger cat state, シュレディンガーの猫状態, cat state, 猫状態, superposition, 重ね合わせ, squeezed state, スクイーズド状態, trisqueezed, nonclassical, 非古典的, Wigner function, ウィグナー関数, Wigner negativity, trapped ion, トラップイオン, bosonic code, ボソン符号, quantum error correction, 量子誤り訂正, University of Oxford, オックスフォード大学, Physical Review X, 物理学, physics
Quantum entanglement is usually seen only in tiny, carefully isolated systems — single atoms, molecules or photons. Whether a macroscopic chunk of matter, made of an astronomical number of particles, can show a direct glimpse of the quantum world has been a deep open question. Strange metals — exotic, strongly correlated states whose electrical resistance rises linearly with temperature, defying ordinary metal theory — are a prime suspect for hosting such collective quantum behaviour.
A team from TU Wien, the University of Würzburg and Rice University (building on a theoretical idea from Peter Zoller’s group in Innsbruck) reported strong multipartite entanglement in a centimetre-sized crystal of the heavy-fermion compound Ce₃Pd₂₀Si₆. Rather than measuring entanglement directly, they extracted the quantum Fisher information (QFI) from the crystal’s dynamical spin response, measured by cold-neutron scattering on the ThALES spectrometer at the ILL down to 60 millikelvin. At the material’s field-induced quantum critical point (about 1.73 tesla), tied to the breakdown of Kondo screening, the QFI grows sharply and witnesses at least nine-partite entanglement, with dynamical scaling exponent 0.88 ± 0.02. The result ties strong entanglement directly to strange-metal behaviour — a general principle rather than a quirk of one compound. Published in Nature Physics, 15 June 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): F. Mazza, S. Biswas, X. Yan et al., “Quantum Fisher information in a strange metal,” Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03298-0
Keywords: strange metal, ストレンジメタル, 奇妙な金属, quantum entanglement, 量子もつれ, multipartite entanglement, 多体もつれ, quantum Fisher information, 量子フィッシャー情報, QFI, heavy fermion, 重い電子系, Ce3Pd20Si6, Kondo effect, 近藤効果, quantum critical point, 量子臨界点, neutron scattering, 中性子散乱, TU Wien, ウィーン工科大学, condensed matter, 凝縮系, Nature Physics, 物理学, physics
Note: this item is a theoretical proposal, not an experimental detection.
For nearly a century physicists recognized two kinds of magnets: ferromagnets (ordinary fridge magnets) and antiferromagnets (magnetism hidden at the atomic scale). Within the last decade a third class, altermagnets, was proposed — combining useful features of both and promising faster, more energy-efficient spintronics. More than 200 candidate materials are predicted, but confirming altermagnetism experimentally is hard.
Physicists at the University at Buffalo and Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz (whose researchers first proposed altermagnets) describe a quantum-sensing scheme to identify them. A single magnetic defect in diamond — a nitrogen atom beside a missing carbon (an NV-type spin) — is placed near a suspected altermagnet. Because altermagnetic order produces a distinctive, direction-dependent spin texture, it makes the defect’s spin signal relax differently along different directions. Reading that anisotropic relaxation gives a telltale, minimally invasive signature of altermagnetism, without significantly disturbing the sample. Published in Physical Review Letters (2026).
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): V. A. S. V. Bittencourt, H. Hosseinabadi, J. Sinova, L. Šmejkal, J. Marino, “Quantum Impurity Sensing of Altermagnetic Order,” Physical Review Letters (2026), DOI: 10.1103/2ppn-kvjv
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2508.04788
Keywords: altermagnet, アルターマグネット, altermagnetism, altermagnetic order, ferromagnet, 強磁性体, antiferromagnet, 反強磁性体, quantum sensing, 量子センシング, NV center, NV中心, diamond defect, ダイヤモンド欠陥, spin relaxation, スピン緩和, spintronics, スピントロニクス, University at Buffalo, バッファロー大学, Mainz, マインツ大学, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Synchrotron techniques such as X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) reveal a material’s electronic structure, but they are extremely photon-hungry — so far largely limited to concentrated, bulk samples.
A collaboration of HZB (Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin), MPI-CEC and NIST has commissioned Europe’s first and only superconducting transition-edge-sensor (TES) array X-ray spectrometer at a synchrotron, on the BESSY II UE52-SGM beamline. Its 248 sensors become superconducting when cooled below 25 millikelvin (via a He⁴–He³ dilution refrigerator, like those used for quantum computers); an incoming photon briefly heats a sensor, quenching superconductivity and producing a sharp resistance change read out by SQUIDs. The instrument detects photons 100–1000× more efficiently than conventional wavelength-dispersive spectrometers, turning measurements that once took hours into minutes and opening up atomically thin layers, nanostructures and highly dilute samples with full polarization control. Reported in Review of Scientific Instruments, June 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): R. Decker et al., “A superconducting transition edge sensor array for synchrotron soft x-ray emission spectroscopies of low-dimensional and impurity-level concentration systems,” Review of Scientific Instruments 97, 065208 (2026), DOI: 10.1063/5.0332443
Keywords: TES, transition-edge sensor, 超伝導遷移端センサ, X-ray spectrometer, X線分光器, XES, RIXS, synchrotron, 放射光, BESSY II, HZB, NIST, superconducting detector, 超伝導検出器, SQUID, dilution refrigerator, 希釈冷凍機, photon detection, 光子検出, ARPES, quantum materials, 量子物質, Review of Scientific Instruments, 物理学, physics
Pinning down string theory as an inevitable consequence of physical principles has long been a goal of the “string universality” program. In a new result, Clifford Cheung (Caltech), Grant N. Remmen (NYU), Francesco Sciotti (IFAE / BIST, Barcelona) and Michele Tarquini (Caltech) argue that string theory emerges from remarkably few assumptions about scattering amplitudes.
Requiring only that tree-level four-point amplitudes have vanishing residues at prescribed values of the momentum transfer (the sparsest “minimal zeros” the equations allow), together with ultrasoft high-energy behaviour, they prove that the space of minimally consistent amplitudes collapses uniquely onto the celebrated Veneziano and Virasoro–Shapiro amplitudes of string theory. The full stringy structure — including the infinite tower of massive higher-spin states that form the string’s “harmonics” — drops out automatically, and similar logic extends to five-point scattering. Building on their 2024 bootstrap (Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 251601) but with weaker assumptions, the work sharpens the case that string theory may be all but unavoidable. Published in Physical Review Letters (22 June 2026).
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): C. Cheung, G. N. Remmen, F. Sciotti, M. Tarquini, “Strings from Almost Nothing,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 251601 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/cw4p-cqh7
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2508.09246 [hep-th]
Keywords: string theory, 弦理論, string universality, 弦理論の普遍性, scattering amplitudes, 散乱振幅, bootstrap, ブートストラップ, Veneziano amplitude, ヴェネツィアーノ振幅, Virasoro-Shapiro, ヴィラソロシャピロ, S-matrix, S行列, quantum gravity, 量子重力, Regge trajectory, レッジェ軌道, Clifford Cheung, Grant Remmen, Caltech, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
TeV-energy cosmic rays were generally assumed to be immune to solar activity, and their large-scale anisotropy was thought to be constant in time. Using the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) at 4410 m in Sichuan, China, the collaboration reports the first observation of a transient large-scale anisotropy in TeV cosmic-ray ions.
The trigger was the passage of an interplanetary shock and coronal mass ejection (ICME) carrying a magnetic flux rope on 4 November 2021. Analysing hourly sky-maps across four energy ranges (median energies 0.7–3.1 TeV), the team sees anisotropy exceeding normal hourly fluctuations at >5σ significance, strongest just before the flux rope’s leading edge arrived, with reduced flux from directions toward the outer heliosphere. They attribute this to enhanced scattering of cosmic rays passing through magnetic turbulence in the ICME’s sheath region. In other words, TeV cosmic rays can remotely probe a storm’s magnetic structure — a potential new handle for space-weather forecasting as more air-shower arrays come online worldwide. Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 251002 (26 June 2026).
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): Z. Cao et al. (LHAASO Collaboration), “Transient Large-Scale Anisotropy in TeV Cosmic Rays due to an Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 251002 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/mkk2-hbq5
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2601.02801 [astro-ph.HE]
Keywords: cosmic rays, 宇宙線, TeV cosmic rays, TeV宇宙線, LHAASO, 大型高山空気シャワー観測所, anisotropy, 異方性, coronal mass ejection, コロナ質量放出, ICME, 惑星間コロナ質量放出, solar storm, 太陽嵐, space weather, 宇宙天気, heliosphere, 太陽圏, magnetic flux rope, 磁気フラックスロープ, air shower, 空気シャワー, astroparticle physics, 宇宙線物理学, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Photon loss is the central obstacle in long-distance quantum communication: send single photons directly down a lossy fibre and only a small fraction survive, undermining loophole-free Bell tests and device-independent quantum key distribution. Quantum teleportation could, in principle, beat this — but in practice, teleporting a single photon with a higher survival probability than direct transmission had remained out of reach.
Li-Chao Peng, Dian Wu, Jian-Wei Pan and colleagues (University of Science and Technology of China) demonstrate an all-optical scheme for the remote preparation of entangled photons that reaches an 82% heralding efficiency for event-ready entangled pairs through a lossy channel. Having distributed entanglement in this way, they then show teleportation-based transmission with a nearly threefold enhancement in efficiency over direct transmission — an unconditional advantage of teleportation over simply sending the photon. The result marks a concrete step toward loss-tolerant quantum networks. Published in Nature Physics (23 June 2026).
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): L.-C. Peng, D. Wu, Y. Li, … J.-W. Pan, “Unconditional advantage of quantum teleportation over direct transmission of single photons through a lossy channel,” Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03348-7
Keywords: quantum teleportation, 量子テレポーテーション, quantum communication, 量子通信, photon loss, 光子損失, lossy channel, 損失チャネル, entanglement, 量子もつれ, remote state preparation, 遠隔状態生成, heralding efficiency, ヘラルド効率, quantum key distribution, 量子鍵配送, Bell test, ベル検証, Jian-Wei Pan, 潘建偉, USTC, 中国科学技術大学, Nature Physics, 物理学, physics
In fractional quantum Hall (FQH) liquids, geometric (“quantum-metric”) theories predict chiral graviton modes — spin-2 neutral excitations that are condensed-matter analogues of gravitons, arising as the long-wavelength limit of the magnetoroton. After the first such mode was seen at filling factor ν = 1/3 (Nature, 2024), the question was whether these modes could reveal the deeper “parton” structure of FQH states.
Zihao Yang, Yifan Wang, Lingjie Du and colleagues (Nanjing University) now use inelastic scattering of circularly polarized light to observe multiple chiral graviton modes at additional filling factors. At ν = 2/9 several gravitons share the same chirality, and in the gapless, Fermi-liquid-like state at ν = 1/4 a high-energy graviton persists as a gapped chiral excitation. These patterns identify the chiral gravitons as geometrical excitations of the underlying partons — the fractionalized constituents in the parton construction of FQH states — giving direct spectroscopic evidence for the parton description of the quantum Hall effect. Published (open access) in Nature Physics (22 June 2026).
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): Z. Yang, Y. Wang, … L. Du, “Emergent partons in fractional quantum Hall systems,” Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03338-9
Keywords: fractional quantum Hall effect, 分数量子ホール効果, chiral graviton, カイラルグラビトン, magnetoroton, マグノロトン, parton, パートン, quantum geometry, 量子幾何学, quantum metric, 量子計量, spin-2 mode, スピン2モード, circularly polarized light, 円偏光, inelastic light scattering, 非弾性光散乱, filling factor, 充填率, Lingjie Du, Nanjing University, 南京大学, Nature Physics, 物理学, physics
Electrons floating on the surface of superfluid helium are an appealing but hard-to-read qubit platform: they are exceptionally well isolated from noise, yet single-electron quantum measurement had remained elusive.
Gerwin Koolstra, Elena O. Glen, Johannes Pollanen and colleagues (EeroQ Corporation) demonstrate, for the first time, strong coupling between a single microwave-cavity photon and the quantized motional state of one electron on helium, using a hybrid circuit-QED device that pairs a quantum dot with a high-impedance superconducting resonator. The measured coupling strength, g/2π = 118 MHz, exceeds both the electron’s motional decoherence and the resonator’s loss — placing the system firmly in the strong-coupling regime. This opens a route to single-electron spin-qubit readout via spin–orbit hybridization techniques already used in semiconductor devices, and to studying light–matter interaction at the single-electron level. Published in Nature Physics (15 June 2026).
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): G. Koolstra, E. O. Glen, … J. Pollanen, “Strong coupling of a microwave photon to an electron on helium,” Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03342-z
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2509.14506 [quant-ph]
Keywords: electron on helium, ヘリウム上の電子, superfluid helium, 超流動ヘリウム, qubit, 量子ビット, circuit QED, 回路QED, cavity quantum electrodynamics, 空洞量子電気力学, strong coupling, 強結合, superconducting resonator, 超伝導共振器, quantum dot, 量子ドット, spin qubit, スピン量子ビット, quantum computing, 量子コンピュータ, Johannes Pollanen, EeroQ Corporation, EeroQ社, Nature Physics, 物理学, physics
At gaps of a few hundred nanometres, radiative heat transfer can exceed the far-field blackbody limit by orders of magnitude, because evanescent surface waves — surface phonon polaritons — tunnel across the gap. Theory long suggested that metamaterials could push this near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) even further, but experimental proof was missing.
Zexiao Wang, Shanhui Fan (Stanford), Sheng Shen (Carnegie Mellon) and colleagues, with Purdue, pattern gold split-ring resonators on silicon-nitride (SiN) membranes and bring two such surfaces face-to-face across a nanoscale gap. The resonators’ electromagnetic modes couple strongly to the SiN’s surface phonon polaritons, enhancing heat transfer several-fold — compared with unstructured gold plates, and without exotic materials. It is one of the clearest demonstrations yet that heat flow can be engineered much like light or electricity, pointing toward contact-free chip cooling and more efficient waste-heat harvesting (thermophotovoltaics). Published in Nature 654, 64–68 (online 27 May 2026; widely reported 8 June 2026).
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): Z. Wang, R. Yu, … S. Fan, S. Shen, “Metamaterial-enhanced near-field radiative heat transfer,” Nature 654, 64–68 (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10595-4
Keywords: near-field radiative heat transfer, 近接場熱放射, NFRHT, metamaterial, メタマテリアル, surface phonon polariton, 表面フォノンポラリトン, split-ring resonator, スプリットリング共振器, silicon nitride, 窒化ケイ素, thermal radiation, 熱放射, chip cooling, チップ冷却, waste heat, 廃熱, thermophotovoltaics, 熱光起電, Shanhui Fan, Sheng Shen, Carnegie Mellon University, Stanford University, Nature, 物理学, physics
“Nonreciprocal” components act like one-way streets — letting signals pass in one direction while strongly blocking the other — and are staples of microwave and optical technology. Yet nonreciprocal quantum synchronization of phonons (quanta of vibration), one of the most natural nonreciprocal quantum resources, had gone unexplored.
Deng-Gao Lai, Adam Miranowicz and Franco Nori (RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing) propose the first scheme for it. By combining two effects — the Sagnac effect (from a spinning silica microsphere) and the magnon-Kerr effect (in a YIG sphere) — phonons synchronize when light or a magnetic field is applied from one direction but not from the other. Strikingly, the scheme is robust: thanks to a magnon-Kerr-induced transition, synchronization survives the fabrication imperfections and thermal noise that would derail earlier proposals. The work charts a route from “fragile” to robust one-way quantum resources for signal routing and quantum information. Published in Nature Communications 16, 8491 (2025); featured as a RIKEN Research Highlight in April 2026 and widely covered in June 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): D.-G. Lai, A. Miranowicz, F. Nori, “Nonreciprocal quantum synchronization,” Nature Communications 16, 8491 (2025), DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-63408-z
Press / 発表(解説): RIKEN Research, “A robust method for realizing nonreciprocal synchronization of phonons” (Apr. 2026)
Keywords: nonreciprocal, 非相反, one-way synchronization, 一方向同期, quantum synchronization, 量子同期, phonon, フォノン, Sagnac effect, サニャック効果, magnon-Kerr effect, マグノンカー効果, YIG, optomechanics, オプトメカニクス, magnonics, マグノニクス, Franco Nori, RIKEN, 理化学研究所, Nature Communications, 物理学, physics
Borophene — the boron analogue of graphene — has long been predicted to host unusual electronic states, but a free-standing boron honeycomb sheet is intrinsically unstable and extremely hard to make.
A collaboration between Tohoku University (AIMR), OIST, the Institute for Molecular Science, KEK, QST, Niigata University and RIKEN CEMS took the opposite approach: rather than growing borophene, they extracted it from inside a stable three-dimensional crystal, LaRh3B2, whose structure already contains boron honeycomb layers. Cleaving the crystal exposes such a layer at the surface. Angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) measurements revealed a van Hove singularity — an energy at which the electronic density of states piles up — sitting close to the Fermi level, a condition that typically favours superconductivity, magnetism and other correlated phases. Scanning tunnelling microscopy further revealed an electronic nematic state, in which the nominally sixfold-symmetric electron distribution spontaneously selects a preferred direction, breaking the lattice symmetry. The result offers a general design strategy: build unstable two-dimensional materials inside robust three-dimensional hosts and then unveil them. Published in Science Advances on 2 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文: “Realization of strongly correlated 2D honeycomb boron,” Science Advances (2026), DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aee3116
Press release / 発表: 理化学研究所「不安定で作れなかった『ホウ素版グラフェン』を3次元結晶の表面で実現」(2026年7月2日)
Details / 詳細: 東北大学 材料科学高等研究所(AIMR)プレスリリース
Keywords: borophene, ボロフェン, boron, ホウ素, graphene analogue, グラフェン, LaRh3B2, van Hove singularity, ヴァンホーヴ特異点, electronic nematic, 電子ネマティック, ARPES, 角分解光電子分光, two-dimensional material, 2次元物質, quantum material, 量子材料, Tohoku University, 東北大学, AIMR, OIST, KEK, QST, RIKEN, 理化学研究所, Science Advances, 物理学, physics
In the early 1970s Bardeen, Carter and Hawking found that black holes obey relations strikingly parallel to the laws of thermodynamics, with horizon area playing the role of entropy. But those textbook laws describe stationary black holes — they are, strictly speaking, laws of black-hole statics. Real black holes form, swallow matter, merge and evaporate.
Abhay Ashtekar, Daniel E. Paraizo and Jonathan Shu (Penn State) have now extended the first law to black holes that can be arbitrarily far from equilibrium. Instead of the globally defined, teleological event horizon — whose location depends on the entire future of the spacetime — they work with quasi-local dynamical horizon segments (DHSs). Their first law refers to finite changes caused by actual physical processes at the horizon, and combines with the generalized second law on DHSs to identify black-hole entropy with the area of marginally trapped surfaces rather than of the event horizon. The new entropy measure ties more directly to a black hole’s spin and energy. The Letter appeared in Physical Review Letters as an Editors’ Suggestion (published 24 June 2026), with a longer companion paper in General Relativity and Gravitation; Penn State publicised the work on 2 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文: A. Ashtekar, D. E. Paraizo & J. Shu, “Thermodynamics of Black Holes, Far from Equilibrium,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 251405 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/3c1r-v8f1
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2604.00170 — “Thermodynamics of dynamical black holes beyond perturbation theory” (Gen. Rel. Grav. 58, 91, 2026)
Press release / 発表: Penn State, “Dynamic black holes explained by simple thermodynamics?” (2 July 2026)
Keywords: black hole thermodynamics, ブラックホール熱力学, first law, 第一法則, dynamical horizon, 力学的地平面, DHS, event horizon, 事象の地平面, marginally trapped surface, 境界的捕捉面, Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, ベケンシュタイン・ホーキングエントロピー, Hawking radiation, ホーキング放射, general relativity, 一般相対性理論, Abhay Ashtekar, アシュテカー, Penn State, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Dark matter makes up about 85% of the matter in the Universe, yet its nature is unknown. Axions — hypothetical light particles — are a leading candidate, and theory predicts they can convert into photons in a strong magnetic field. But existing axion haloscopes rely on mechanically tuned cavities, which makes some mass ranges hard to reach.
A team at Rice University (first author Jaanita Mehrani, with co-corresponding author Junichiro Kono) proposes a detector called SQWARE (Semiconductor Quantum Well Axion Radiometer Experiment). It uses stacks of ultrathin semiconductor layers — multiple quantum wells — that trap electrons into two-dimensional sheets behaving like a plasma. In a magnetic field, axions convert into photons whose signal is enhanced by this plasma response, and the detector is tuned by varying the magnetic field rather than mechanically. This opens access to meV-scale axion masses that have been difficult to explore with current technologies. Published in Physical Review Letters.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): J. Mehrani, T. Xu, A. Baydin, … J. Kono, S. Huang, “Quantum Semiconductor Heterostructures for meV Axion Dark Matter Detection,” Phys. Rev. Lett. (2026), DOI: 10.1103/y7jl-gj2k
Press / 発表: Rice University News, “New detector design has potential to expand search for dark matter” (2026)
Keywords: axion, アクシオン, dark matter, 暗黒物質, SQWARE, multiple quantum wells, 多重量子井戸, semiconductor heterostructure, 半導体ヘテロ構造, axion-photon conversion, アクシオン光子変換, haloscope, ハロスコープ, electron plasma, 電子プラズマ, meV axion, Jaanita Mehrani, Junichiro Kono, 河野淳一郎, Rice University, ライス大学, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
The Galactic Center Excess (GCE) is a roughly spherical glow of gamma rays around the Milky Way’s centre that has puzzled physicists for over a decade. Two explanations compete: self-annihilating dark matter, or a large population of millisecond pulsars. Previous statistical analyses generally favoured pulsars — but they overlooked one key piece of information: the energy of each detected photon.
An international collaboration between the University of Vienna and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Florian List and colleagues) trained a machine-learning system on more than one million simulated gamma-ray observations, incorporating photon-energy information. Their analysis finds that the pulsar hypothesis would require at least 35,000 sources at the Galactic Centre — far more than the few hundred to few thousand assumed in some earlier studies — weakening one of the strongest arguments against dark matter. The team stresses this is not proof of dark matter, but shows it is too early to rule it out. Published in Physical Review Letters.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): F. List, Y. Park, N. L. Rodd, E. Schoen, F. Wolf, “Energy Distribution of the Galactic Center Excess’s Sources,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 136 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/dkcq-6y4f
Keywords: Galactic Center Excess, 銀河中心過剰放射, GCE, dark matter, 暗黒物質, gamma rays, ガンマ線, millisecond pulsar, ミリ秒パルサー, self-annihilating dark matter, 自己消滅暗黒物質, machine learning, 機械学習, Milky Way, 天の川銀河, Florian List, University of Vienna, ウィーン大学, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Quarks come in six flavours and bind into mesons (pairs) and baryons (triplets). Sixty years ago, as the quark structure of matter emerged, theorists built classification schemes that predicted as-yet-undiscovered particles — including “doubly charmed” baryons carrying two charm quarks.
At the Beauty 2026 conference in Maastricht, the LHCb Collaboration at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider announced the observation of the Ωcc⁺ baryon — two charm quarks plus one strange quark, with a mass around 3727 MeV/c², roughly four times the proton’s. It appears as a peak in the Ωc⁰π⁺ mass spectrum from 2024 collision data. With this, LHCb completes the family of doubly charmed baryons: the Ξcc⁺⁺ (2017), the Ξcc⁺ (earlier in 2026), and now the Ωcc⁺. Among the roughly 85 composite particles found at the LHC, these three are unique in that they decay by the weak force and live long enough to leave measurable flight distances. Announced by CERN / LHCb.
Primary source / 一次ソース: CERN, “LHCb discovers the final missing member of a doubly charmed particle family” (2026)
Details / 詳細: LHCb Outreach, “Observation of the doubly charmed baryon Ωcc⁺” (3 June 2026)
Keywords: LHCb, doubly charmed baryon, 二重チャームバリオン, Omega_cc+, Ωcc⁺, charm quark, チャームクォーク, strange quark, ストレンジクォーク, baryon, バリオン, quark model, クォークモデル, Eightfold Way, 八道説, CERN, Large Hadron Collider, 大型ハドロン衝突型加速器, Beauty 2026, QCD, 量子色力学, particle physics, 素粒子物理学, 物理学, physics
Many quantum technologies rely on single quantum emitters — atoms or molecules that interact strongly with light — for single photons, quantum memory and entanglement. To study them one at a time, they must be held in place, usually by trapping in vacuum or embedding in a bulk crystal. Molecules adsorbed on a surface would be far more accessible, but surface contaminants had always broadened their spectra below the ultimate limit.
Vahid Sandoghdar’s group at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light (first authors Masoud Mirzaei and Alexey Shkarin) reports Fourier-limited electronic transitions of single dibenzoterrylene (DBT) molecules on an anthracene crystal surface — the first time surface-adsorbed molecules reach the quantum limit where the linewidth is set only by the excited-state lifetime (a nano–electron-volt scale). The trick: an organic crystal that self-cleans by slow evaporation, combined with spectroscopy and super-resolution microscopy at liquid-helium temperature. This opens combined angstrom-scale spatial and high-resolution spectral studies of surfaces. Published in Science.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): M. Mirzaei, A. Shkarin, … S. Götzinger, V. Sandoghdar, “Nano–electron volt Fourier-limited transition of a single surface-adsorbed molecule,” Science (2026), DOI: 10.1126/science.aeg5014
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2510.14999
Keywords: single molecule, 単一分子, Fourier limit, フーリエ限界, quantum emitter, 量子エミッター, surface-adsorbed molecule, 表面吸着分子, dibenzoterrylene, DBT, anthracene, アントラセン, high-resolution spectroscopy, 高分解能分光, super-resolution microscopy, 超解像顕微鏡, Vahid Sandoghdar, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, マックスプランク光科学研究所, Science, 物理学, physics
In everyday life you cannot combine two cups of warm water into one cup of boiling water — but in the quantum world, two low-energy photons can merge into one higher-energy photon. This photon upconversion via triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) turns visible light into ultraviolet, but efficient solid-state versions had been elusive: solids need molecules packed close enough to transfer triplet energy yet far enough apart to avoid quenching.
A Kyushu University team (Naoyuki Harada, Yoichi Sasaki, Nobuo Kimizuka and colleagues) solved this with dihydroindeno[2,1-a]indene derivatives bearing alkyl chains above and below the π-plane, which precisely set the spacing between neighbouring molecules. By combining high solid-state emission with efficient triplet energy transfer, and paired with a donor, the material reaches 1.9% visible-to-UV upconversion efficiency under ordinary sunlight-level intensity (a few mW/cm²). Because sunlight contains only a few percent UV, such materials could boost UV-driven photocatalysis (for example water splitting) and solar energy use. Published in Nature Communications.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): N. Harada, H. Shoyama, … Y. Sasaki, N. Kimizuka, “Sterically protected π-electron systems for efficient solid-state photon upconversion,” Nature Communications (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-73898-0
Press / 発表: Kyushu University / EurekAlert!, “Harvesting UV light from sunlight just got ‘solid’” (June 2026)
Keywords: photon upconversion, フォトンアップコンバージョン, triplet-triplet annihilation, 三重項三重項消滅, TTA, visible to UV, 可視光紫外変換, solid-state, 固体, organic semiconductor, 有機半導体, dihydroindenoindene, quantum yield, 量子収率, solar energy, 太陽エネルギー, photocatalysis, 光触媒, Kyushu University, 九州大学, Nature Communications, 物理学, physics
Semiconductor quantum dots are prime single-photon sources for quantum technology, but their coherent Rabi oscillations are damped by coupling to lattice vibrations (phonons). Because the phonon spectral density is non-monotonic in energy, theory predicted back in 2007 (Vagov et al.) that at sufficiently high driving power the damping should weaken and the Rabi rotations should reappear — an effect that had lived only in idealized models.
Physicists at Paderborn University (Lukas Hanschke, Klaus D. Jöns and colleagues, with theory from TU Dortmund and dots grown at Johannes Kepler University Linz) have now demonstrated this reappearance experimentally in a resonantly driven GaAs quantum dot. As the pulse power increases, the phonon-damped oscillations recover, confirming the long-standing prediction and signalling high coherence and precise optical control — a step toward scalable quantum applications. Published in Physical Review Letters.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): L. Hanschke, T. K. Bracht, … D. E. Reiter, K. D. Jöns, “Experimental Measurement of the Reappearance of Rabi Rotations in Semiconductor Quantum Dots,” Phys. Rev. Lett. (2026), DOI: 10.1103/s212-43gs
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2409.19167
Keywords: Rabi oscillations, ラビ振動, Rabi rotations, quantum dot, 量子ドット, semiconductor, 半導体, phonon, フォノン, single-photon source, 単一光子源, coherence, コヒーレンス, GaAs, phonon spectral density, フォノンスペクトル密度, Lukas Hanschke, Paderborn University, パーダーボルン大学, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Magnons — quanta of spin waves in magnetic materials — are attractive building blocks for hybrid quantum systems: they naturally couple to phonons, photons and superconducting qubits, and their nanometre wavelengths could shrink circuits to smartphone-chip scale. Their drawback has been a very short lifetime, at most a few hundred nanoseconds — far too brief for practical quantum computation.
An international team led by Andrii Chumak at the University of Vienna (experiment by Rostyslav Serha) extended magnon lifetimes roughly a hundredfold, to as long as 18 microseconds — comparable to the coherence of the transmon superconducting qubits used in today’s processors. The keys were using short-wavelength dipole-exchange magnons (naturally less sensitive to surface defects) in ultra-pure YIG at low temperature. Crucially, they found the limit is set not by fundamental physics but by material quality, pointing toward even longer lifetimes and, ultimately, quantum processors the size of a one-cent coin. Published in Science Advances (1 May 2026; widely re-reported in late June 2026).
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): R. O. Serha, K. H. McAllister, … A. V. Chumak, D. A. Bozhko, “Ultralong-living magnons in the quantum limit,” Science Advances (2026), DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aee2344
Press / 発表: University of Vienna, “Breakthrough in magnon research paves the way for mini quantum computers” (2026)
Keywords: magnon, マグノン, spin wave, スピン波, magnon lifetime, マグノン寿命, yttrium iron garnet, イットリウム鉄ガーネット, YIG, magnonics, マグノニクス, dipole-exchange magnon, ダイポール交換マグノン, hybrid quantum system, ハイブリッド量子系, coherence, コヒーレンス, quantum computing, 量子コンピュータ, Andrii Chumak, University of Vienna, ウィーン大学, Science Advances, 物理学, physics
The geometry of quantum states — quantified by objects like the Berry phase — underlies phenomena from electrical conductivity to superconductivity. Extending these ideas to non-Hermitian quantum mechanics, where a system exchanges energy with its environment, is subtle: the non-Hermitian Berry phase can be complex, and its imaginary part governs amplification or decay of the wave intensity. Which genuinely new geometric effects appear had been unclear.
Tomoki Ozawa (Advanced Institute for Materials Research, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University) and Henning Schomerus (Lancaster University) show that when a non-Hermitian system has certain symmetries, such as reciprocity, the geometric contribution to adiabatic amplification becomes path-independent — depending only on the ratio of the Petermann factors at the start and end points. The Petermann factor, a static measure of how non-orthogonal a system’s eigenstates are, thus directly controls the amplification, offering a practical route to measure this experimentally challenging quantity. Published in Physical Review Research; highlighted by AIMR in June 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): T. Ozawa, H. Schomerus, “Geometric contribution to adiabatic amplification in non-Hermitian systems,” Phys. Rev. Research 7, 013173 (2025), DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.013173
Keywords: non-Hermitian, 非エルミート, quantum geometry, 量子幾何, Berry phase, ベリー位相, Petermann factor, ペーターマン因子, adiabatic amplification, 断熱増幅, reciprocity, 相反性, eigenstate non-orthogonality, 固有状態非直交性, open quantum system, 開放量子系, Tomoki Ozawa, 小澤知己, Tohoku University, 東北大学, AIMR, Physical Review Research, 物理学, physics
Hawking radiation — the quantum emission of particles at a black hole’s event horizon — connects gravity with quantum mechanics and thermodynamics, and the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy has long been a benchmark for candidate theories of quantum gravity. But it has never been observed in astronomy, only in laboratory analogues. A basic question remained open: exactly how the quanta of a field give rise to Hawking quanta, and how that emission reacts back on the field that produces it.
Lorenzo M. Procopio, Raúl Agüero-Santacruz, David Bermúdez and Ulf Leonhardt (Paderborn University’s Institute for Photonic Quantum Systems, the Weizmann Institute of Science, and Cinvestav in Mexico) report experimental and theoretical evidence for the process that generates Hawking radiation in a fibre-optical analogue of an event horizon. Where the emission had been thought to arise from a complicated, cascaded process, the team finds a simple, direct process — and, crucially, measures its backreaction on the optical pump (a small frequency shift of the pump, together with an emerging sideband structure). Simplifying the theory this way opens new routes to calculate effects in analogue systems and, the authors suggest, may even shed light on how Hawking radiation arises in gravity itself. Published in Nature (online 1 July 2026).
Journal article / 論文: L. M. Procopio, R. Agüero-Santacruz, D. Bermúdez, U. Leonhardt, “Backreaction of stimulated Hawking radiation in an optical analogue,” Nature (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10720-3
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2607.01118
Keywords: Hawking radiation, ホーキング放射, analogue gravity, アナログ重力, optical analogue, 光学アナログ, event horizon, 事象の地平面, backreaction, バックリアクション, fibre optics, 光ファイバー, black hole, ブラックホール, quantum gravity, 量子重力, Ulf Leonhardt, Lorenzo Procopio, Paderborn University, Weizmann Institute, Cinvestav, Nature, 物理学, physics
Hadronization — the process by which quarks bind through the strong force into composite particles such as protons and neutrons — happens immediately after collisions at machines like the LHC and is notoriously hard to compute from first principles on classical computers. Being able to simulate it directly would sharpen searches for physics beyond the Standard Model.
Anthony N. Ciavarella (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), accessing an IBM quantum computer through the U.S. Department of Energy’s Quantum Computer User Program (QCUP) at Oak Ridge, used 104 of the 156 qubits on IBM’s Heron processor to simulate string breaking — the mechanism in which the gluon “string” between quarks stretches and snaps, creating a new quark–antiquark pair — within a simplified, one-dimensional, heavy-quark model. Using a scalable “concurrent variational” circuit method he co-developed, the simulation reproduced earlier classical-supercomputer results and even hinted that part of the gluon string may behave like a finite-temperature gas (“gasification”) before separating. It is one of the larger digital quantum simulations of a particle-physics process to date and a concrete step toward using quantum computers to make predictions for collider physics. Published in Physical Review D (2025); the result was highlighted anew by Berkeley Lab at the end of June 2026.
Report / 報道: Phys.org, “Quantum computer simulates hadronization, reproducing string breaking with 104 qubits” (30 June 2026)
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2411.05915
Keywords: hadronization, ハドロン化, string breaking, 弦の破断, quantum simulation, 量子シミュレーション, quantum computing, 量子コンピュータ, IBM Heron, lattice gauge theory, 格子ゲージ理論, QCD, 量子色力学, quarks, クォーク, gluon string, グルーオンの弦, Anthony Ciavarella, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, QCUP, Physical Review D, 物理学, physics
Superconductors carry current with zero resistance, but the ones we know were mostly found by chance, and identifying new ones is like searching for a needle in an essentially infinite haystack of possible compounds. A route to screen that space quickly would accelerate the long-sought goal of a room-temperature superconductor.
An international team from the SuperC consortium — led by Päivi Törmä (Aalto University) with synthesis led by Emilia Morosan (Rice University), and collaborators at Princeton, Ruhr University Bochum and the Donostia International Physics Center — used machine-learning-based prescreening followed by targeted first-principles calculations to predict, and then experimentally confirm, bulk superconductivity in two kagome-lattice compounds: YRu₃B₂ (Tc ≈ 0.81 K) and LuRu₃B₂ (Tc ≈ 0.95 K). Both crystallize in the hexagonal CeCo₃B₂-type structure, show nearly 100% superconducting volume fractions, and derive their superconductivity from electrons in flat bands of the Ru kagome network. The authors say the pipeline could eventually screen up to billions of candidate materials. Published in Physical Review Research (17 June 2026).
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2512.16945
Press / 報道: Phys.org, “New superconductors identified, unlocking process that could yield thousands more” (29 June 2026)
Keywords: machine learning, 機械学習, superconductivity, 超伝導, kagome lattice, カゴメ格子, flat band, フラットバンド, YRu3B2, LuRu3B2, high-throughput screening, ハイスループット・スクリーニング, materials discovery, 材料探索, room-temperature superconductor, 室温超伝導, quantum geometry, 量子幾何, Paivi Torma, Emilia Morosan, SuperC, Aalto University, Rice University, Physical Review Research, 物理学, physics
Gravitational waves — ripples in spacetime from colliding black holes and neutron stars — were first detected in 2015. A decade on, gravitational-wave astronomy has become statistical astronomy: when the detectors are running, they now pick up three to four signals every week.
The LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA (LVK) collaboration has released the Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalogue 5.0 (GWTC-5), adding 161 new events observed between 10 April 2024 and 28 January 2025 (the O4b observing run) and bringing the grand total of confirmed detections since 2015 to 390. The catalogue’s highlights include the clearest gravitational-wave signal ever recorded, the most precise sky localization of any source to date, the first measurement of three vibrational modes (“tones”) of a black hole, and evidence for second-generation black holes — black holes that are themselves products of earlier mergers, identified through their unusual spins. The enlarged dataset also yields a new gravitational-wave measurement of the Hubble constant (the expansion rate of the Universe) about 25% more precise than the previous such estimate, and enables new tests of general relativity. The six core and companion papers were posted to arXiv and submitted to The Astrophysical Journal and The Astrophysical Journal Letters; a further update covering 68 additional candidates from the end of O4 is in preparation. Announced by the LVK collaboration on 26 May 2026 and highlighted again by member institutions in early July.
Primary source / 一次ソース: LIGO Scientific Collaboration, “GWTC-5.0: Updated LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA Catalog sets new records in precision gravitational wave astronomy” (2026)
Details / 詳細: Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (AEI) — The new LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA catalog sets records
Keywords: GWTC-5, gravitational wave catalog, 重力波カタログ, LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, かぐら, LVK, gravitational waves, 重力波, black hole merger, ブラックホール合体, second-generation black holes, 第2世代ブラックホール, ringdown, リングダウン, quasinormal modes, 準固有振動, Hubble constant, ハッブル定数, sky localization, 天球位置決定, O4b, neutron star, 中性子星, general relativity, 一般相対性理論, astrophysics, 宇宙物理学, 物理学, physics
Primordial black holes (PBHs) — black holes hypothesized to have formed in the first fraction of a second after the Big Bang, rather than from collapsing stars — have never been observed, yet remain a leading candidate for at least part of the Universe’s dark matter. Because ordinary stellar evolution cannot produce black holes lighter than the Sun, a sub-solar-mass merger would be a smoking gun.
On 12 November 2025, the LVK network reported the compact-binary merger candidate S251112cm: a signal with no electromagnetic counterpart, consistent with a binary black hole whose chirp mass lies in the range 0.1–0.87 solar masses, with at least one component in the sub-solar “mass gap” where stellar-origin black holes are not expected. Alberto Magaraggia and Nico Cappelluti (University of Miami) tested a physically motivated PBH population formed during the QCD epoch and found that, with PBHs making up about a third of dark matter in this mass range, the predicted detectable sub-solar merger rate (~0.8 per year) agrees well with the rate inferred from this single detection across LVK’s O1–O4 runs. An independent analysis by Haque, Iocco and Visinelli likewise concludes that a PBH interpretation is fully consistent with current constraints. Both teams stress the caveats: the event is still a candidate awaiting full parameter estimation, and a single detection cannot be conclusive — but if validated, S251112cm would be a compelling first detection of a merging sub-solar-mass PBH binary. Posted as arXiv preprints; highlighted anew by science media in early July 2026.
Primary source / 一次ソース(プレプリント): A. Magaraggia & N. Cappelluti, “Implications for Primordial Black Hole Dark Matter from a Single Subsolar Mass Gravitational-wave Detection in LVK O1–O4,” arXiv:2602.21295 (2026)
Details / 詳細(独立解析): M. R. Haque, F. Iocco & L. Visinelli, “Primordial Black Hole interpretation of the sub-solar merger event S251112cm,” arXiv:2603.25795 (2026)
Keywords: primordial black hole, 原始ブラックホール, PBH, S251112cm, sub-solar mass, 太陽質量未満, サブソーラー, dark matter, 暗黒物質, gravitational waves, 重力波, LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, LVK, chirp mass, チャープ質量, QCD epoch, QCD時代, early universe, 初期宇宙, black hole, ブラックホール, University of Miami, マイアミ大学, compact binary merger, コンパクト連星合体, cosmology, 宇宙論, 物理学, physics
Trapped ions are workhorse qubits for quantum computers and sensors, now confined on miniaturized chips just above the surface. But noisy electromagnetic fields emanating from the chip itself disturb the fragile quantum states — and for more than 30 years, physicists have argued about where this electric-field noise actually comes from.
Tobias Sägesser, Jonathan Home and colleagues (ETH Zurich) turned the problem on its head: they used a single beryllium ion as a scanning probe. Their chip-based Penning trap confines the ion with static electric and magnetic fields only, allowing it to be positioned anywhere in three dimensions above the chip — impossible in conventional radio-frequency traps — and making tiny oscillating fields easier to detect. Laser-cooling the ion to its motional ground state and then watching how stray fields excite its oscillation, the team mapped a 200×200 micrometre region and set a sensitivity record: an oscillating electric field of just 10 nanovolts per metre detected in one second. Static electric fields were read from the ion’s displacement and magnetic fields from shifts in its energy levels. The full 3D maps can be compared directly with theoretical noise models, offering a new tool to identify interference sources and to screen chip materials and fabrication processes for future quantum hardware. Published in Science Advances (19 June 2026); announced by ETH Zurich in July.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): T. Sägesser et al., “A three-dimensional scanning trapped-ion probe,” Science Advances 12, eaec0794 (2026), DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aec0794
Details / 詳細: ETH Zurich — “3D scanner for electromagnetic fields”
Keywords: trapped ion, トラップイオン, Penning trap, ペニングトラップ, quantum sensor, 量子センサ, electric field noise, 電場ノイズ, quantum computer, 量子コンピュータ, beryllium ion, ベリリウムイオン, ground-state cooling, 基底状態冷却, ETH Zurich, ETHチューリッヒ, electromagnetic field mapping, 電磁場マッピング, ion trap chip, イオントラップチップ, quantum metrology, 量子計測, Science Advances, 物理学, physics
For decades, magnetic memory (MRAM) has been built on spintronics — using the electron’s spin to store and move information. Orbitronics instead exploits the electron’s orbital angular momentum (loosely, the quantum “vortex” of the electron around atomic nuclei) and orbital currents, which can carry far larger signals than spin currents. The catch: until now, orbital currents always had to be converted into spin currents before they could be used, bleeding away energy and efficiency.
Christin Schmitt, Mathias Kläui and colleagues (Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz) have now removed this bottleneck, realizing the first purely orbitronic device concept. In a CoO/Cu–CuO heterostructure, they coupled the mobile orbital moments travelling in the orbital current directly to localized orbital moments inside the antiferromagnet cobalt oxide — no spin conversion layer required. Read-out based on orbital currents produced electrical signals roughly 100 times larger than comparable spintronic approaches. Eliminating the conversion step makes switching markedly more efficient, and the demonstration establishes antiferromagnets with strong orbital character as a hardware platform for non-volatile memory and computing with extremely low energy consumption. Published in Science.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): C. Schmitt et al. (Kläui group), Science (2026), DOI: 10.1126/science.adw1808
Details / 詳細: Phys.org — “Orbitronics clears key hurdle with direct orbital currents, boosting signals 100-fold” (2026)
Keywords: orbitronics, オービトロニクス, orbital current, 軌道流, orbital angular momentum, 軌道角運動量, spintronics, スピントロニクス, antiferromagnet, 反強磁性体, CoO, 酸化コバルト, heterostructure, ヘテロ構造, MRAM, 磁気メモリ, low-power memory, 低消費電力メモリ, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, マインツ大学, condensed matter physics, 物性物理学, Science, 物理学, physics
Every wire wastes energy because electrons collide — with each other and with the lattice. But how much resistance can collisions generate before something fundamental stops them? The question matters for one of condensed matter’s longest-standing puzzles: strange metals, whose resistivity climbs linearly with temperature at the so-called Planckian rate (~kBT/ℏ) without saturating, defying conventional theory since the 1980s.
Frank Corapi, Joseph Thywissen and colleagues (University of Toronto, École Normale Supérieure Paris, Lehigh University) attacked the problem with a clean quantum simulator: ultracold fermionic potassium-40 atoms in an optical lattice, standing in for electrons in a Hubbard metal, free of phonons and disorder. Driving the interactions ever stronger, they found that the collision-induced resistivity does not grow without bound — it saturates at a hard quantum ceiling the team calls “lattice unitarity”. The origin is a quantum enhancement of the effective scattering cross-section: like ducks floating in bubbles that collide with the size of their bubbles rather than their bodies, the atoms’ effective size is capped by quantum mechanics on the lattice. This microscopic bound is distinct from and complementary to the geometric Mott–Ioffe–Regel limit, and it hands physicists a fresh, well-controlled benchmark for testing theories of Planckian dissipation in strange metals. Published in Physical Review Letters 136, 213401 (26 May 2026); widely highlighted at the turn of July.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): F. Corapi et al., “Lattice Unitarity: Saturated Collisional Resistivity in Hubbard Metals,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 213401 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/bhw8-p536
Keywords: lattice unitarity, 格子ユニタリティ, resistivity, 電気抵抗率, Planckian dissipation, プランキアン散逸, strange metal, ストレンジメタル, 奇妙な金属, Hubbard model, ハバード模型, quantum simulation, 量子シミュレーション, ultracold atoms, 超冷却原子, potassium-40, カリウム40, optical lattice, 光格子, Mott-Ioffe-Regel limit, モット・イオッフェ・レーゲル限界, University of Toronto, トロント大学, condensed matter, 物性物理学, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
The double copy is one of the most surprising structures found in modern theoretical physics: it states that gravity behaves, in a precise mathematical sense, like “two copies” of a gauge theory (the kind of theory describing the strong and electroweak forces). It has been extensively verified for scattering amplitudes in empty space — but whether it extends to genuinely non-perturbative, curved-spacetime phenomena like Hawking radiation was unknown.
In a pair of companion papers, Anton Ilderton, William Lindved and Karthik Rajeev show that Hawking radiation from a collapsing black hole — its thermal spectrum and horizon dependence included — emerges as the double copy of particle production in a background gauge field, even though the gauge-theory side has no global horizon and no thermal spectrum at all. Their approach, combining worldline and amplitude methods, also unifies several previously separate classical and quantum double-copy prescriptions for black hole spacetimes. In the second paper, John Joseph Carrasco and Yaxi Chen trace the origin of the thermality itself: analyzing the non-Abelian Yang–Mills “root” of the process, they find the radiation is thermal not in energy but in the color-charge eigenvalue, whose distribution follows the Wigner semicircle of random matrix theory — meaning the familiar Planck-like thermality of gravity is the direct dual of charge thermality in its underlying gauge theory. The results open a new route into black-hole puzzles, including information-related questions, from the gauge-theory side. Published in Physical Review Letters 136, 081603 & 081604 (2026); featured in the July 2026 issue of Science News.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): A. Ilderton, W. Lindved & K. Rajeev, “Hawking Radiation from the Double Copy,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 081603 (2026)
Journal article / 論文(姉妹論文): J. J. M. Carrasco & Y. Chen, “Double Copy Root of Hawking Thermality,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 081604 (2026)
Keywords: double copy, ダブルコピー, Hawking radiation, ホーキング放射, black hole, ブラックホール, gauge theory, ゲージ理論, Yang-Mills, ヤン・ミルズ理論, quantum gravity, 量子重力, thermal spectrum, 熱スペクトル, event horizon, 事象の地平面, color charge, 色電荷, random matrix theory, ランダム行列理論, Wigner semicircle, ウィグナー半円則, scattering amplitudes, 散乱振幅, theoretical physics, 理論物理学, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Type Ia supernovae are cosmology’s “standard candles”: their calibrated brightness lets astronomers measure cosmic distances, and they underpinned the discovery that the Universe’s expansion is accelerating — the effect attributed to dark energy. But they are not perfectly identical: a supernova’s observed brightness subtly depends on its host galaxy (age, mass, dust), and the simple correction recipes used so far limit the precision of the whole enterprise.
Konstantin Karchev, Roberto Trotta and Raúl Jiménez, in work led by the Institute of Cosmos Sciences of the University of Barcelona (ICCUB) together with SISSA (Trieste), present CIGaRS (Combined Inference and Galaxy-Related Standardisation), a framework that combines physics-based simulations with AI-driven simulation-based inference to model the supernova and its host-galaxy photometry simultaneously, in unprecedented detail. The payoff: cosmic distances estimated from imaging data alone with near-spectroscopic accuracy. The authors estimate the approach could tighten cosmological constraints by up to a factor of four compared with traditional methods that rely on relatively small spectroscopic samples — exactly what is needed to digest the flood of millions of supernovae expected from the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, and to sharpen our understanding of dark energy. Published in Nature Astronomy (6 May 2026, open access); highlighted again as the Rubin survey era begins.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): K. Karchev, R. Trotta & R. Jiménez, “CIGaRS I: combined simulation-based inference from type Ia supernovae and host photometry,” Nature Astronomy (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41550-026-02842-5
Keywords: CIGaRS, Type Ia supernova, Ia型超新星, dark energy, 暗黒エネルギー, simulation-based inference, シミュレーションベース推論, machine learning, 機械学習, AI, 人工知能, cosmology, 宇宙論, standard candle, 標準光源, host galaxy, 母銀河, Vera C. Rubin Observatory, ヴェラ・ルービン天文台, cosmic expansion, 宇宙膨張, Hubble diagram, ハッブル図, University of Barcelona, バルセロナ大学, Nature Astronomy, 物理学, physics
Chemical reactions are, at heart, molecules changing shape: hopping between different 3D conformations across an energy landscape. Watching — let alone steering — those rearrangements one structure at a time has been a long-standing challenge, because conventional one-color spectroscopy loses its signal the moment the molecule switches form.
América Y. Torres-Boy, Gerard Meijer, Gert von Helden and colleagues (Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin) exploited the globally unique two-color operation of their dual-oscillator infrared free-electron laser (IR-FEL): two intense IR beams whose timing is tightly synchronized while their frequencies (“colors”) are independently tunable over a wide range. Molecular ions — a singly deuterated proton-bound dimer of dihydrogen phosphate and formate — were embedded in superfluid helium nanodroplets a fraction of a degree above absolute zero, which cool them rapidly while letting them keep absorbing laser light. With one color pumping and the other probing, the team gained full control over the population of the two isomers and recorded the infrared spectra of the individual isomers — fingerprints that remain hidden in ordinary one-color experiments. The technique opens a new window on how molecules rearrange during chemical reactions, with the long-term prospect of steering reaction pathways with light. Published in Physical Review Letters 137, 013001 (1 July 2026).
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): A. Y. Torres-Boy et al., “Controlling Isomer Population Using a Dual-Oscillator Infrared Free-Electron Laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 013001 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/2hy7-w3qb
Details / 詳細: Phys.org — “Synchronized infrared lasers control molecular shape changes and expose hidden fingerprints” (2026)
Keywords: free-electron laser, 自由電子レーザー, IR-FEL, two-color laser, 2色レーザー, infrared spectroscopy, 赤外分光, isomer, 異性体, conformation, コンフォメーション, 立体配座, helium nanodroplet, ヘリウムナノ液滴, superfluid helium, 超流動ヘリウム, molecular physics, 分子物理学, chemical reaction dynamics, 化学反応動力学, Fritz Haber Institute, フリッツ・ハーバー研究所, Max Planck Society, マックス・プランク協会, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
In conventional superconductors, supercurrent relies on electrons moving through dispersive bands. In flat bands — where the electron velocity nearly vanishes — superconductivity should naively be impossible, yet magic-angle graphene systems superconduct anyway. A growing body of theory attributes this to quantum geometry: the “quantum metric” of the electronic wavefunctions can supply the superfluid stiffness that band dispersion cannot. Direct experimental evidence tying the two together has, however, remained scarce.
Le Liu, Yu Hong, Chengping Zhang and colleagues, led by Kam Tuen Law (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology), Guangyu Zhang and Wei Yang (Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, with collaborators at NIMS in Tsukuba), studied alternating twisted quadrilayer graphene — four graphene sheets whose twist angle alternates in sign, so that dispersive Dirac bands and flat bands coexist. Transport measurements reveal robust superconductivity with a maximum Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition temperature of 1.6 K, critical magnetic fields beyond the Pauli limit, and a superconducting coupling strength that can be tuned with an electric displacement field. Analyzing Landau fan diagrams at zero displacement field, the team disentangled the Dirac and flat-band contributions, revealing a Coulomb-interaction-induced band broadening; they further report a vanishing Fermi velocity accompanied by an unexpectedly large superfluid stiffness — behavior they attribute to quantum metric contributions, concentrated at “hot spots” created by the hybridization of Dirac and flat bands. Published open access in npj Quantum Materials on 4 July 2026 (preprint: arXiv:2501.06460).
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース・プレプリント): L. Liu, Y. Hong, C. Zhang, … K. T. Law, G. Zhang, W. Yang, “Electric field tunable coupling strength and quantum metric hot spots in a moiré flatband superconductor,” arXiv:2501.06460 — published in npj Quantum Materials (open access, 4 July 2026)
Keywords: twisted quadrilayer graphene, ツイスト4層グラフェン, alternating twisted multilayer graphene, 交互ツイスト多層グラフェン, magic angle, 魔法角, moiré superlattice, モアレ超格子, flat band superconductivity, 平坦バンド超伝導, quantum metric, 量子計量, quantum geometry, 量子幾何, superfluid stiffness, 超流動剛性, BKT transition, BKT転移, Pauli limit, パウリ限界, Dirac band, ディラックバンド, Kam Tuen Law, Wei Yang, Guangyu Zhang, IOP CAS, HKUST, NIMS, npj Quantum Materials, condensed matter physics, 凝縮系物理学, 物理学, physics
Simulating matter at finite temperature requires preparing thermal (Gibbs) states — the quantum analogue of the equilibrium distributions that classical Monte Carlo methods sample so successfully. Quantum computers excel at simulating Hamiltonian dynamics, but preparing thermal equilibrium states has remained a major bottleneck: recently proposed dissipative “quantum Gibbs samplers” based on engineered Lindblad evolutions could be implemented efficiently, but nobody had proven how fast they actually converge.
Cambyse Rouzé (Inria / Télécom Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris), Daniel Stilck França (ENS de Lyon / University of Copenhagen) and Álvaro M. Alhambra (Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, Madrid) now prove that this dissipative evolution thermalizes to the Gibbs state in time scaling polynomially with system size at high enough temperatures, for any Hamiltonian satisfying a Lieb–Robinson bound — such as local Hamiltonians on a lattice. They also show the efficient adiabatic preparation of the associated purifications, the “thermofield double” states familiar from high-energy physics. In the low-temperature regime the same family of evolutions becomes computationally equivalent to universal polynomial-time quantum computation — strong evidence that no classical algorithm can mimic it in general. Together, the results establish quantum Gibbs sampling as a rigorous quantum analogue of classical Monte Carlo methods. Published in Nature Physics (DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03246-y) and highlighted in an accompanying Nature Physics News & Views in early July 2026; a companion proof in Physical Review Letters 136, 060601 shows convergence in time scaling only logarithmically with system size at high temperature.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): C. Rouzé, D. Stilck França & Á. M. Alhambra, “Efficient thermalization and universal quantum computing with quantum Gibbs samplers,” Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03246-y
Companion paper / 姉妹論文: C. Rouzé, D. Stilck França & Á. M. Alhambra, “Optimal Quantum Algorithm for Gibbs State Preparation,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 060601 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/lhht-svmn
Keywords: quantum Gibbs sampler, 量子ギブスサンプラー, Gibbs state, ギブス状態, thermal state preparation, 熱平衡状態の準備, quantum simulation, 量子シミュレーション, Lindbladian, リンドブラディアン, dissipative dynamics, 散逸ダイナミクス, thermofield double state, 熱場二重状態, Lieb-Robinson bound, リーブ・ロビンソン束縛, quantum Monte Carlo, 量子モンテカルロ, BQP, quantum computing, 量子計算, Rouzé, Stilck França, Alhambra, Nature Physics, quantum information, 量子情報, 物理学, physics
The microscopic laws of physics are largely symmetric under time reversal, yet the processes we observe are not — the emergent asymmetry is known as the arrow of time. In quantum physics, an arrow of time emerges when a system is measured: unlike in classical physics, quantum measurements stochastically change the state of the system being observed, singling out a direction for time.
Luis Pedro García-Pintos (Los Alamos National Laboratory), Yi-Kai Liu (NIST / University of Maryland) and Alexey V. Gorshkov (NIST / University of Maryland) introduce quantum control tools that can yield dynamics more consistent with time flowing backward than forward. The key is the explicit construction of a control Hamiltonian that replicates the stochastic trajectories of a monitored quantum system: used in a feedback loop, it can cancel, amplify or overcompensate the disturbance caused by measurements, generating trajectories consistent with a stretched, blurred or even inverted arrow of time, and it can simulate the backward-in-time dynamics of an open quantum system. As an application, the team designed a feedback-driven continuous measurement engine — a modern Maxwell’s demon — powered by the energy that the monitoring process itself pumps into the system, and showed it can operate under experimentally realistic conditions including feedback delay and finite-efficiency measurements. The authors envision demonstrations with superconducting qubits, with implications for quantum state preparation and energy extraction. Published in Physical Review X 16, 011028 (19 February 2026); widely featured in early July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): L. P. García-Pintos, Y.-K. Liu & A. V. Gorshkov, “Reshaping the Quantum Arrow of Time,” Phys. Rev. X 16, 011028 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/l18s-9vmh
Details / 詳細: Phys.org — “New controls can stretch, blur and even reverse quantum time flow” (2026)
Keywords: arrow of time, 時間の矢, time reversal, 時間反転, quantum measurement, 量子測定, monitored quantum systems, 監視下の量子系, quantum feedback control, 量子フィードバック制御, stochastic trajectories, 確率的軌跡, measurement engine, 測定エンジン, Maxwell's demon, マクスウェルの悪魔, quantum thermodynamics, 量子熱力学, open quantum systems, 開放量子系, superconducting qubits, 超伝導量子ビット, García-Pintos, Gorshkov, Los Alamos National Laboratory, ロスアラモス国立研究所, NIST, Physical Review X, 物理学, physics
Phonons are the quanta of sound and lattice vibrations — the acoustic counterpart of photons. Generating them in a controlled, on-demand way is hard, yet doing so would open paths to phonon lasers and to communication in media where light and radio cannot travel, such as deep water or the human body. One long-known route is to push electrons in a crystal faster than the speed of sound, so they shed energy as acoustic phonons, in analogy with a sonic boom or Cherenkov radiation.
Z. T. Wang and Michael Hilke (McGill University), with N. Fong, D. G. Austing and S. A. Studenikin (National Research Council of Canada) and K. W. West and L. N. Pfeiffer (Princeton University, who grew the ultrapure material), drove a DC current through an ultrahigh-mobility two-dimensional electron gas at temperatures from 10 millikelvin to 3.9 kelvin. At a current density of roughly 1.1 A/m, the electron drift velocity reaches the speed of sound, about 3 km/s. Above this “sound barrier” the magnetoresistivity shows very strong resonant features with only weak temperature dependence — phonon-induced resistance oscillations from resonant magnetophonon emission by the supersonic electrons — whereas in the subsonic regime such scattering is strongly suppressed as the sample cools. The measured phonon generation exceeded what existing theories predicted, showing that electrons can be extremely “hot” even when the host crystal sits near absolute zero, and establishing a tunable, chip-scale phonon source. The team next plans to try faster materials such as graphene. Published in Physical Review Letters 136, 146302 (8 April 2026); featured by ScienceDaily on 1 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): Z. T. Wang, M. Hilke, N. Fong, D. G. Austing, S. A. Studenikin, K. W. West & L. N. Pfeiffer, “Resonant Magnetophonon Emission by Supersonic Electrons in Ultrahigh-Mobility Two-Dimensional Systems,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 146302 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/m1nb-j1h6
Details / 詳細: McGill University / EurekAlert! — “Novel device could boost the development of sound-based lasers” (2026)
Keywords: phonon, フォノン, phonon laser, フォノンレーザー, supersonic electrons, 超音速電子, magnetophonon resonance, マグネトフォノン共鳴, phonon-induced resistance oscillations, フォノン誘起抵抗振動, PIRO, two-dimensional electron gas, 二次元電子ガス, 2DEG, ultrahigh mobility, 超高移動度, sound barrier, 音速の壁, drift velocity, ドリフト速度, quantum acoustics, 量子音響学, McGill University, マギル大学, NRC Canada, Princeton, Michael Hilke, Physical Review Letters, condensed matter physics, 凝縮系物理学, 物理学, physics
Superfluids such as liquid helium near absolute zero flow with zero viscosity, yet they still act as solvents: a molecule dissolved inside one interacts with the surrounding helium atoms, effectively “dressing up” and becoming bigger and harder to spin — like a growing snowball. Optical centrifuges — rotating laser pulses whose electric field drags molecules around with it — have long been used to spin molecules in gases, but the same approach had never succeeded inside a superfluid.
Ian MacPhail-Bartley, Alexander A. Milner and Valery Milner (University of British Columbia), with Frank Stienkemeier (University of Freiburg), embedded dimers of nitric oxide, (NO)₂, in superfluid helium nanodroplets and introduced a short time delay between the centrifuge laser pulses. The resulting interference produces a much lower, steady rotation rate that boosts the molecules’ “spinnability,” achieving the first controlled molecular rotation inside a superfluid: the team demonstrated both forced in-field rotation over a continuous range of frequencies and field-free resonant rotation with a long, nanosecond-scale decay, with the direction and frequency of rotation directly settable. The new “control knob” lets the researchers next scan across a critical rotation frequency beyond which superfluidity is expected to break down at the atomic scale — one of the central open questions of quantum liquids. Published in Physical Review Letters 136, 033002 (22 January 2026); featured by ScienceDaily on 4 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): I. MacPhail-Bartley, A. A. Milner, F. Stienkemeier & V. Milner, “Control of Molecular Rotation in Helium Nanodroplets with an Optical Centrifuge,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 033002 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/5jnj-97vs
Details / 詳細: UBC Science — “A new optical centrifuge is helping physicists probe the mysteries of superfluids” (2026)
Keywords: optical centrifuge, 光学遠心機, superfluid helium, 超流動ヘリウム, helium nanodroplets, ヘリウムナノ液滴, molecular rotation, 分子回転, nitric oxide dimer, 一酸化窒素二量体, superfluidity breakdown, 超流動の破綻, quantum liquids, 量子液体, laser control, レーザー制御, rotational excitation, 回転励起, Valery Milner, University of British Columbia, ブリティッシュコロンビア大学, University of Freiburg, フライブルク大学, Physical Review Letters, atomic and molecular physics, 原子分子物理学, 物理学, physics
Water is the most studied molecule on Earth, yet a basic question has stayed open for decades: when water is squeezed into gaps just a few molecules wide — inside nanopores, membranes and biological channels — does it become more or less chemically reactive? The key quantity is water’s self-dissociation, its splitting into the ions that set its pH. A decade of studies has reported both strongly enhanced and strongly suppressed reactivity, with no consistent explanation.
Xavier R. Advincula, Christoph Schran, Angelos Michaelides and colleagues (University of Cambridge’s Cavendish Laboratory, with collaborators at Harvard, Caltech and the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research) attacked the problem with enhanced-sampling molecular dynamics driven by machine-learned potentials trained to first-principles accuracy, simulating water in two-dimensional slit pores and nanodroplets bounded by graphene and hexagonal boron nitride. They find the apparent reactivity is extraordinarily sensitive to density, pore width, wall flexibility and surface chemistry — but when systems are compared at the same chemical potential, the effect of confinement largely disappears: confinement alone does not intrinsically change water’s acid–base chemistry. Instead, the intense effective pressures that build up inside nanoscale gaps explain most of the observed changes, and the surrounding material can further enhance the chemistry if it interacts with the reaction products. The framework reconciles a decade of apparently conflicting studies, with implications for nanofluidics, electrochemistry and catalysis. Published in Science Advances 12 (26); featured by ScienceDaily on 1 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): X. R. Advincula et al., “How reactive is water at the nanoscale and how to control it?,” Science Advances 12 (26) (2026), DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aeb5772
Keywords: nanoconfined water, ナノ閉じ込め水, water self-dissociation, 水の自己解離, pH, chemical potential, 化学ポテンシャル, machine-learned potentials, 機械学習ポテンシャル, molecular dynamics, 分子動力学, graphene, グラフェン, hexagonal boron nitride, 六方晶窒化ホウ素, hBN, nanopore, ナノ細孔, nanofluidics, ナノ流体工学, electrochemistry, 電気化学, catalysis, 触媒, Advincula, Christoph Schran, Angelos Michaelides, Cavendish Laboratory, キャベンディッシュ研究所, University of Cambridge, ケンブリッジ大学, Science Advances, chemical physics, 化学物理学, 物理学, physics
The cosmological constant Λ — the energy of empty space driving the universe’s accelerating expansion — is the source of the largest quantitative discrepancy in theoretical physics: quantum field theory predicts vacuum fluctuations that should make Λ roughly 10¹²⁰ times larger than observed. Einstein introduced the constant in 1917 to keep the universe static, discarded it after Hubble’s discovery of cosmic expansion — reportedly calling it his “biggest blunder” — and it returned for good in 1998 when the expansion was found to be accelerating. Why the enormous quantum corrections are so precisely absent has remained unexplained.
Stephon Alexander, Heliudson Bernardo and Aaron Hui (Brown Theoretical Physics Center, Brown University) explored the background-independent Wheeler–DeWitt quantization of general relativity and found that the Chern–Simons–Kodama (CSK) state — a proposed ground state of quantum gravity that generalizes the Hartle–Hawking and Vilenkin states — has a striking structural similarity to the topological field theory of the quantum Hall effect, in which electrical conductance is locked to exact values by topology, immune to material imperfections. Treating gravitational topological θ sectors in analogy with Yang–Mills theory, they show the cosmological constant is tied to the θ parameter by θ = 12π²/(Λℓ²Pl) mod 2π, because the CSK state must live in a particular θ sector. The consequence is a “gravitational Hall effect”: Λ becomes quantized into discrete allowed values and is topologically protected — the quantum perturbations that should blow up its value are rendered inert. The result strengthens the CSK state’s profile as a conservative candidate route to quantum gravity, with the authors planning to develop the bigger picture in future work. Published in Physical Review Letters 136, 151501 (17 April 2026); widely covered from late April through early July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): S. Alexander, H. Bernardo & A. Hui, “Cosmological Constant from Quantum Gravitational θ Vacua and the Gravitational Hall Effect,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 151501 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/rzz5-p4f4
Details / 詳細: Brown University — “Could the mathematical ‘shape’ of the universe solve the cosmological constant problem?” (2026)
Keywords: cosmological constant, 宇宙定数, cosmological constant problem, 宇宙定数問題, dark energy, ダークエネルギー, quantum gravity, 量子重力理論, Chern-Simons-Kodama state, チャーン・サイモンズ・コダマ状態, CSK, Wheeler-DeWitt equation, ウィーラー・ドウィット方程式, quantum Hall effect, 量子ホール効果, topological protection, トポロジカル保護, theta vacua, θ真空, gravitational Hall effect, 重力ホール効果, canonical quantum gravity, 正準量子重力, Hartle-Hawking state, ハートル・ホーキング状態, Stephon Alexander, Brown University, ブラウン大学, Physical Review Letters, theoretical physics, 理論物理学, 物理学, physics
In the 1970s Stephen Hawking showed that black holes radiate and slowly evaporate. If they evaporate completely, the information about everything that fell in seems to be destroyed — violating the unitarity of quantum mechanics. This black hole information paradox remains one of the deepest conflicts between general relativity and quantum theory.
Richard Pinčák, Alexander Pigazzini, Michal Pudlák and Erik Bartoš propose a geometric resolution within a seven-dimensional Einstein–Cartan gravity with torsion, built on a G2-manifold geometry (three extra hidden dimensions beyond ordinary space-time). In this framework, as densities approach the Planck scale, the torsion of space-time generates a repulsive force that dynamically halts the final stage of Hawking evaporation. Instead of vanishing, the black hole settles into a stable remnant with a predicted mass of about 9 × 10⁻⁴¹ kg. The remnant acts as a long-term information repository: quantum information is encoded in a spectrum of long-lived quasi-normal modes — “vibrations” of the torsion field within the remnant’s geometry — so the paradox is addressed without rewriting quantum mechanics. The authors further suggest such remnants could contribute to dark matter, and that dimensional reduction of the same geometry naturally yields the electroweak scale, hinting at a link to the origin of the Higgs mass. A speculative but self-contained proposal connecting black holes, hidden dimensions and particle masses. Published in General Relativity and Gravitation (19 March 2026); widely featured from April through early July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): R. Pinčák, A. Pigazzini, M. Pudlák & E. Bartoš, “Geometric origin of a stable black hole remnant from torsion in G2-manifold geometry,” General Relativity and Gravitation (2026), DOI: 10.1007/s10714-026-03528-z
Details / 詳細: Phys.org — “The secrets of black holes and the Higgs mass could be hidden in a 7-dimensional geometry” (2026)
Keywords: black hole remnant, ブラックホール残骸, レムナント, black hole information paradox, ブラックホール情報パラドックス, Hawking radiation, ホーキング放射, Hawking evaporation, ホーキング蒸発, torsion, トーション, 時空のねじれ, Einstein-Cartan gravity, アインシュタイン・カルタン重力, G2 manifold, G2多様体, extra dimensions, 余剰次元, quasi-normal modes, 準固有振動モード, dark matter, ダークマター, electroweak scale, 電弱スケール, Higgs mass, ヒッグス質量, quantum gravity, 量子重力理論, unitarity, ユニタリー性, General Relativity and Gravitation, theoretical physics, 理論物理学, 物理学, physics
Werner Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle forbids knowing certain pairs of quantities — such as position and momentum — with arbitrary precision at the same time. Between position and time, however, no Heisenberg relation exists. A team at the Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN) at the University of Regensburg (the groups of Jascha Repp, Rupert Huber, Franz Giessibl and Klaus Richter), together with Angel Rubio’s team at the Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter in Hamburg, has now observed for the first time that the location and the time evolution of an electron nonetheless cannot be pinned down with arbitrary precision simultaneously — a practical “space-time limit” of quantum mechanics.
Using a newly developed laser system, the researchers steered electrons with phase-controlled, single-cycle near-infrared light pulses so that they tunnel from an atomically sharp metal tip to a silver surface across just a few atomic diameters; a second pulse with variable delay clocks the process, exposing electron dynamics on attosecond timescales (an attosecond is to a second what a second is to the age of the universe). Quantum simulations by Rubio’s group reproduce the experiments with remarkable accuracy and show the electron follows the light field with a tiny delay of about 500 attoseconds. Crucially, the team quantified a fundamental trade-off: the more precisely the electron is pinned down in time, the more energy must be supplied — and the more its quantum wave packet spreads out in space. Confining the wave packets with a single adatom placed on the surface, they showed the packets nevertheless remain spatially sharp enough for atomically resolved microscopy on attosecond timescales, with local peak current densities reaching up to a trillion amperes per square centimetre. The advance points toward light-triggered control of chemical bonds and electronics operating at the intrinsic speed limit of electron motion — hundreds of thousands of times faster than today’s CMOS technology. Published in Nature Photonics; announced by the University of Regensburg on 3 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): S. Maier et al., “Tracking electrons at the space-time limit,” Nature Photonics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41566-026-01932-0(プレプリント: arXiv:2507.10206)
Details / 詳細: University of Regensburg — “Microscopy at the space-time limit” (3 July 2026)
Keywords: attosecond, アト秒, scanning tunneling microscopy, 走査トンネル顕微鏡, STM, space-time limit, 時空限界, electron wave packet, 電子波束, quantum tunneling, 量子トンネル効果, uncertainty principle, 不確定性原理, ultrafast physics, 超高速物理, lightwave electronics, ライトウェーブエレクトロニクス, petahertz electronics, ペタヘルツエレクトロニクス, single-cycle pulse, 単一サイクルパルス, University of Regensburg, レーゲンスブルク大学, RUN, Max Planck Institute, マックス・プランク研究所, Angel Rubio, Jascha Repp, Rupert Huber, Nature Photonics, quantum physics, 量子物理学, 物理学, physics
In quantum mechanics, squeezing reshapes the uncertainty between conjugate variables such as position and momentum — sharpening one at the expense of the other — and squeezed light already boosts the sensitivity of gravitational-wave detectors like LIGO. Physicists have long sought the stronger, higher-order members of this family, trisqueezing (third order) and quadsqueezing (fourth order), but these interactions are naturally so weak that they drown in noise; quadsqueezing had never been realized on any experimental platform.
Researchers at the University of Oxford have now demonstrated all of them in a single trapped ion. Instead of driving a weak higher-order interaction directly, the team combined two spin-dependent linear forces, following a 2021 theory proposal by Raghavendra Srinivas and Robert Tyler Sutherland: because the two forces do not commute — the order in which they act matters — their combination generates an effective interaction far stronger than the sum of its parts. By tuning frequencies, phases and strengths, the team switched between squeezing, trisqueezing and quadsqueezing, verified each by reconstructing the Wigner functions of the ion’s motional states, and generated the fourth-order interaction more than 100 times faster than conventional approaches would allow. The method has no fundamental limit on the interaction order and applies to any platform supporting spin-dependent linear interactions; combined with mid-circuit measurements of the ion’s spin, it has already produced flexible superpositions of squeezed states and simulated a lattice gauge theory. It is the companion work to the new family of Schrödinger-cat states from the same Oxford group covered in our 2 July entry. Published in Nature Physics on 1 May 2026 and widely covered through early July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): O. Băzăvan, S. Saner, D. J. Webb et al., “Squeezing, trisqueezing and quadsqueezing in a hybrid oscillator–spin system,” Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03222-6
Details / 詳細: University of Oxford — “Oxford team achieves first-ever ‘quadsqueezing’ quantum interaction” (2026)
Keywords: quadsqueezing, クアッドスクイージング, trisqueezing, トライスクイージング, squeezing, スクイージング, squeezed states, スクイーズド状態, trapped ion, トラップイオン, イオントラップ, quantum harmonic oscillator, 量子調和振動子, non-commutativity, 非可換性, Wigner function, ウィグナー関数, uncertainty principle, 不確定性原理, quantum control, 量子制御, quantum simulation, 量子シミュレーション, lattice gauge theory, 格子ゲージ理論, University of Oxford, オックスフォード大学, Nature Physics, quantum computing, 量子コンピュータ, quantum sensing, 量子センシング, 物理学, physics
One of the most anticipated features of quantum gravity is that spacetime itself can exist in quantum superposition — for instance when a massive object is placed in a superposition of two locations, each configuration dragging its own gravitational field. Detecting such superpositions, for example through gravitationally induced entanglement, is the goal of a wave of proposed tabletop experiments. But what exactly would such a detection prove?
Joshua Foo (now Associate Professor at Kyushu University’s Institute for Advanced Study), Cendikiawan Suryaatmadja, Robert B. Mann (University of Waterloo / Perimeter Institute) and Magdalena Zych (Stockholm University / University of Queensland) introduce a general framework for “quantum superpositions of spacetime states” and prove a striking result they call the relativity of spacetime superpositions: whenever the superposed spacetime amplitudes differ only by a coordinate transformation, the entire scenario can be re-expressed as ordinary quantum dynamics on a single, fixed classical background. Many scenarios labelled “superpositions of spacetimes” in the literature — including ones invoked in gravitationally-induced-entanglement proposals — are therefore mathematically equivalent to quantum matter evolving in one classical spacetime, and carry no unique quantum-gravity signature. The work also implies that the decoherence of gravitational source masses is not fundamental: it depends on external systems that define the reference frame through which the notion of a spatial superposition acquires physical meaning. Rather than undermining the experiments, the analysis sharpens them, specifying which signatures would genuinely require gravity to be quantum. Published in npj Quantum Information (2026); featured by Phys.org in early July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): J. Foo, C. Suryaatmadja, R. B. Mann & M. Zych, “Relativity and decoherence of spacetime superpositions,” npj Quantum Information (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41534-026-01234-x(プレプリント: arXiv:2302.03259)
Details / 詳細: Phys.org — “Quantum gravity tests may mistake ordinary spacetime for superposition” (2026)
Keywords: quantum gravity, 量子重力理論, spacetime superposition, 時空の重ね合わせ, superposition of spacetimes, gravitationally induced entanglement, 重力誘起もつれ, decoherence, デコヒーレンス, general relativity, 一般相対性理論, quantum mechanics, 量子力学, coordinate transformation, 座標変換, quantum reference frames, 量子参照系, tabletop experiment, 卓上実験, Kyushu University, 九州大学, 九州大学高等研究院, npj Quantum Information, Joshua Foo, Magdalena Zych, Robert Mann, Perimeter Institute, ペリメーター研究所, theoretical physics, 理論物理学, 物理学, physics
Magnetic fields are the natural enemy of superconductivity: conventional superconductivity relies on Cooper pairs of electrons with opposite spins, and a magnetic field tends to align those spins, disrupting the delicate pairing. In rare, exotic cases, however, materials show reentrant superconductivity — the superconducting state vanishes as the field grows, then unexpectedly returns when the field is increased further, a telltale sign that more complex quantum mechanisms are at work. Until now the effect had been associated with a few complex bulk, three-dimensional materials, where it is often linked to non-standard forms of superconductivity.
A team led by the RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) in Japan, with first author Denis Maryenko of the Strong Correlation Interface Research Group, has now observed reentrant superconductivity in a fundamentally different setting: a very thin conducting layer at the boundary between two insulating oxide materials. Cooling the interface to temperatures close to absolute zero and measuring its electrical resistance under applied magnetic fields, the researchers directly tracked when the system entered and left the superconducting state — watching it disappear and then re-emerge. The results show the field does not act as a simple destructive force here; instead the superconducting state hinges on a delicate balance among electronic effects at the interface, pointing to physics beyond the conventional description of superconductivity. Because oxide interfaces can be precisely engineered and controlled, the system provides a clean, well-defined two-dimensional platform for asking why superconductivity can survive — and even revive — under conditions where conventional theory predicts it should keep fading, with longer-term implications for the search for new superconducting materials and low-loss electronic or quantum devices. Published in Science Advances; announced by RIKEN on 25 June 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): D. Maryenko et al., “Re-entrant superconductivity at an oxide heterointerface,” Science Advances (2026), DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aeg0460
Details / 詳細: RIKEN — “A magnetic field that kills superconductivity can also bring it back” (25 June 2026)
Keywords: reentrant superconductivity, 再突入超伝導, リエントラント超伝導, superconductivity, 超伝導, oxide interface, 酸化物界面, heterointerface, ヘテロ界面, two-dimensional electron system, 2次元電子系, Cooper pairs, クーパー対, magnetic field, 磁場, unconventional superconductivity, 非従来型超伝導, quantum materials, 量子物質, RIKEN, 理化学研究所, 理研, CEMS, 創発物性科学研究センター, Denis Maryenko, Science Advances, condensed matter physics, 物性物理学, 物理学, physics
Time crystals — systems that spontaneously break time-translation symmetry and repeat in time the way ordinary crystals repeat in space — have mostly been the province of delicate quantum experiments. A team spanning Hiroshima University (WPI-SKCM², the International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter), the University of Colorado Boulder and collaborators — Hanqing Zhao, Rui Zhang and Ivan I. Smalyukh — has now realized classical discrete space-time crystals, structures periodic in both space and time, in chiral liquid crystals: everyday materials of the kind long used in display technology.
Driving the liquid crystal with a periodic (Floquet) electrical signal, the researchers observed both 1+1-dimensional and 2+1-dimensional discrete space-time crystals that loop endlessly with twice the driving period — the hallmark period-doubling of a discrete time crystal — over a wide range of temperatures and driving conditions. The mechanism is remarkable: localized topological solitons (smooth, particle-like twists of the molecular alignment that travel like stable wave packets) and disclination lines (sharp defects where the alignment breaks down) periodically transform into one another, behaving like the particle–antiparticle pairs of Majorana particles — the famous class of quantum particles that are their own antiparticles — here realized as a classical, room-temperature analogue. The space-time crystals are robust against temporal perturbations and spatial defects, behaving like a time-crystalline analogue of a smectic phase. The work shows that complex space-time symmetries are not restricted to the quantum world, opens a field the authors call “time liquid crystallinity,” and — since liquid crystals are already a staple of modern electronics — suggests routes to reconfigurable laser elements, advanced beam deflectors and ultraprecise light steering. Published in Nature Communications; announced by Hiroshima University on 24 June 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): H. Zhao, R. Zhang & I. I. Smalyukh, “Emergent discrete space-time crystal of Majorana-like quasiparticles in chiral liquid crystals,” Nature Communications (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-70880-8(プレプリント: arXiv:2507.16977)
Details / 詳細: Hiroshima University — “Scientists discover classical space-time crystals moving like Majorana quasiparticles” (24 June 2026)
Keywords: time crystal, 時間結晶, space-time crystal, 時空結晶, discrete time crystal, 離散時間結晶, liquid crystal, 液晶, chiral liquid crystal, キラル液晶, Floquet driving, フロケ駆動, period doubling, 周期倍化, Majorana quasiparticle, マヨラナ準粒子, Majorana Fermion, マヨラナ粒子, topological soliton, トポロジカルソリトン, disclination, 転傾線, time liquid crystallinity, 時間液晶性, soft matter, ソフトマター, Hiroshima University, 広島大学, WPI-SKCM2, University of Colorado Boulder, コロラド大学, Ivan Smalyukh, Nature Communications, symmetry breaking, 対称性の破れ, 物理学, physics
Antiferromagnets — magnetic materials whose atomic moments cancel out — are prized candidates for next-generation data storage: they respond extremely fast and are insensitive to external magnetic disturbances. Their great weakness has been control. Precisely because they show no net magnetization, their magnetic states are notoriously difficult to address, which has so far limited their application.
A German-Japanese research team involving the University of Augsburg, led by experimental physicist István Kézsmárki, has now for the first time written magnetic information into an antiferromagnet using only ultrashort laser pulses — no electric currents, no magnetic fields. The trick is a new control knob: in the ferrotoroidic antiferromagnet LiNiPO4, instead of the light’s polarization, the method exploits its direction of propagation — simply reversing which way the light travels — via an inverse optical magnetoelectric effect arising from a strong coupling between the photon’s linear momentum and the magnetic toroidal moment. This enables non-volatile, deterministic and repeatable switching between time-reversed antiferromagnetic domains, and the stored information can be read out by purely optical means as well. The University of Augsburg team also highlights that complex magnetic patterns can be written and retained permanently through repeated optical switching. Because the scheme operates in the telecommunications wavelength range, it is directly compatible with existing optical networks, pointing toward a future in which data arriving as light is written straight into magnetic storage without electrical signals — significantly faster and with markedly lower energy consumption, for example in data centres and communication systems. Published in Nature Materials; announced in early July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): S. Toyoda, V. Kocsis, Y. Tokunaga, I. Kézsmárki et al., “All-optical control of antiferromagnetic domains via an inverse optical magnetoelectric effect,” Nature Materials (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41563-026-02608-4
Details / 詳細: Nanowerk(アウクスブルク大学発表) — “Light-written magnetic memory moves closer” (3 July 2026)
Keywords: antiferromagnet, 反強磁性体, antiferromagnetic spintronics, 反強磁性スピントロニクス, all-optical switching, 全光スイッチング, inverse optical magnetoelectric effect, 逆光学磁気電気効果, LiNiPO4, ferrotoroidic, フェロトロイダル, magnetic toroidal moment, 磁気トロイダルモーメント, magnetic memory, 磁気メモリ, magneto-optical storage, 光磁気ストレージ, laser pulse, レーザーパルス, non-volatile memory, 不揮発性メモリ, telecom wavelength, 通信波長帯, magnetic domains, 磁区, University of Augsburg, アウクスブルク大学, Kezsmarki, Toyoda, RIKEN CEMS, Nature Materials, data storage, データストレージ, low-power electronics, 省エネエレクトロニクス, 物理学, physics
A single-photon source — a device that emits light one photon at a time — is the starting point of photon-based quantum technologies such as quantum communication, quantum sensing and quantum measurement: encode information onto individual photons, and any eavesdropping attempt alters their state, leaving a detectable trace. Until now, however, practical single-photon sources have demanded cryogenic cooling to roughly 3 kelvin (about −270 °C), room-sized optical tables and skilled researchers to operate them, confining the technology to specialist laboratories.
The Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), together with the team of Prof. Lee Wook-Jae at Kongju National University, has packaged a gallium-nitride (GaN) semiconductor single-photon source into a room-temperature, plug-and-play, 19-inch rack-mounted device that runs on a standard 220 V supply and needs no complex optical alignment. The source exploits atomic-scale defects that form naturally inside GaN: apply energy to one such defect and it emits photons one at a time. Two innovations make this practical. A deterministic spatial-mapping technique records each emission site like a set of coordinates, so the device automatically returns to the same defect even after being switched off and on; and nanoscale circular Bragg gratings (CBGs) fabricated on the semiconductor surface guide the photons upward, maximizing extraction efficiency. The rack format connects directly to existing quantum key distribution (QKD) equipment, targeting deployment along critical channels such as financial, medical and government networks. Commercialization is under way with the KRISS spin-off QRAD Inc., and the source quality is being validated with overseas metrology institutes including Germany’s PTB and Italy’s INRIM. The underlying photon-extraction advance was published in Laser & Photonics Reviews (2025); KRISS announced the packaged plug-and-play device in early July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): K. S. Hong et al. (KRISS & Kongju National University), “Boosting Single-Photon Extraction Efficiency in GaN Through Radiative Mode Conversion,” Laser & Photonics Reviews (2025), DOI: 10.1002/lpor.202401966
Details / 詳細: EurekAlert!(KRISS発表) — “KRISS develops a plug-and-play single-photon source that works at room temperature” (2 July 2026)
Keywords: single-photon source, 単一光子源, room temperature, 室温動作, plug and play, プラグアンドプレイ, gallium nitride, 窒化ガリウム, GaN, quantum communication, 量子通信, quantum key distribution, 量子鍵配送, QKD, quantum cryptography, 量子暗号, circular Bragg grating, 円形ブラッグ回折格子, CBG, defect emitter, 欠陥発光体, deterministic spatial mapping, 決定論的空間マッピング, KRISS, 韓国標準科学研究院, Kongju National University, 公州大学校, QRAD, Laser & Photonics Reviews, quantum technology, 量子技術, photonics, フォトニクス, 物理学, physics
Black holes are well documented at stellar masses (roughly ten Suns) and at supermassive scales (millions to billions of Suns) — but the population in between, the intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) of roughly a hundred to a million solar masses, remains astronomy’s elusive missing link, holding clues to how supermassive black holes were seeded in the early universe. Because IMBHs are faint and usually dormant, tidal disruption events (TDEs) — the luminous flares produced when a star strays inside a black hole’s tidal radius and is ripped apart — offer one of the few ways to catch them in the act.
A team centred at the University of Science and Technology of China (project led by Jialai Wang, with the scientific investigations coordinated by Yongquan Xue and Ning Jiang) presents late-time observations and a comprehensive multi-wavelength analysis of AT 2018cqh, a TDE at the centre of a dwarf galaxy that flared successively in the optical (2018), X-rays (2020) and radio (2021). The X-ray outburst rose for at least 550 days — among the longest-sampled X-ray rises ever recorded for a TDE — and, unexpectedly, has settled since its peak into a persistent high-state plateau that continues to the present. These signatures are consistent with a star disrupted by an IMBH of roughly (1–6) × 10⁵ solar masses, and scaling relations derived independently from the host dwarf galaxy’s properties point to a similar mass. Together with the recently discovered IMBH TDE EP240222a, AT 2018cqh sharpens the emerging picture of what this rare class of events looks like — and demonstrates the power of TDEs as a discovery channel for the missing middle class of black holes. Published in Nature Communications 17, 2007 (2026).
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): J. Wang, M. Huang, Y. Xue et al., “A tidal disruption event from an intermediate-mass black hole revealed by comprehensive multi-wavelength observations,” Nature Communications 17, 2007 (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-68670-3
Details / 詳細: arXiv:2512.16568 — preprint & full text (open access)
Keywords: intermediate-mass black hole, 中間質量ブラックホール, IMBH, tidal disruption event, 潮汐破壊イベント, TDE, AT 2018cqh, black hole, ブラックホール, dwarf galaxy, 矮小銀河, X-ray plateau, X線プラトー, multi-wavelength astronomy, 多波長天文学, missing link, ミッシングリンク, black hole seeds, ブラックホールの種, EP240222a, University of Science and Technology of China, 中国科学技術大学, USTC, Nature Communications, X-ray astronomy, X線天文学, astrophysics, 天体物理学, 物理学, physics
Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) promise cheap, color-saturated displays, but the blue devices have badly lagged their green and red counterparts. Blue emitters need wider bandgaps and therefore higher operating voltages, which aggravate the instability of the perovskite’s ionic crystal framework and shorten device life.
A team led by Xuyong Yang (Shanghai University), with first author Y. Wang, reports efficient, stable, saturated-blue PeLEDs built by weaving hydrogen-bonding networks through the perovskite and at its interfaces using a pair of isomeric molecules. A hydrogen-bond donor (O-benzylhydroxylamine hydrochloride) placed between the hole-transport layer and the emitter binds to the inorganic framework — strengthening the structure and, thanks to a large dipole moment, lowering the hole-injection barrier — while its isomer, added into the perovskite itself, supplies both donor and acceptor sites. The result is external quantum efficiencies of 16.8% at 463 nm and 22.0% at 468 nm, together with markedly improved operational stability — state-of-the-art performance among pure- and deep-blue PeLEDs and a concrete step toward vibrant full-color perovskite displays. Published in Nature.
Journal article / 論文: Y. Wang, C. Zhang, Y. Yang, … N. Wang & X. Yang et al., “Isomeric multi-hydrogen-bonding enables blue perovskite LEDs,” Nature (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10723-0
Keywords: perovskite LED, ペロブスカイトLED, PeLED, blue LED, 青色LED, external quantum efficiency, 外部量子効率, EQE, hydrogen bonding, 水素結合, isomeric molecules, 異性体分子, metal halide perovskite, ハロゲン化金属ペロブスカイト, full-color display, フルカラーディスプレイ, electroluminescence, エレクトロルミネッセンス, optoelectronics, オプトエレクトロニクス, Nature, 物理学, physics
The integer quantum Hall effect is a textbook manifestation of topological quantum transport, in which electrical resistance becomes exactly quantized. But reaching a fully spin-polarized quantum Hall state in a semiconductor has usually demanded very high magnetic fields and millikelvin temperatures — conditions requiring bulky superconducting magnets and dilution refrigerators.
M. Myronov (University of Warwick) with W. Jiang and S. Studenikin (National Research Council of Canada) demonstrate a fully spin-polarized ν = 1 quantum Hall state in a germanium quantum well at magnetic fields as low as ~0.25 tesla — an order of magnitude below what semiconductor systems have conventionally required — and up to 1.5 kelvin, a temperature reachable with an ordinary helium-3 cryostat rather than a dilution refrigerator. The trick is a combination of ultra-dilute carriers and a large, gate-tunable hole g-factor (about 13–24, versus roughly 2 for electrons in silicon): with so few holes and such strong Zeeman splitting, even a modest field fully polarizes the spins before disorder can smear the spin gap. The Hall resistance locks to h/e² to within a part in many thousands, and the device hosts a single chiral edge channel immune to backscattering — all on a CMOS-compatible chip that dispenses with high-field magnets and dilution cryostats. The result opens a path toward a single germanium chip integrating individually addressable spin qubits with topological edge channels, bolstering germanium’s standing as a leading platform for scalable semiconductor quantum computing. Published open access in Communications Materials.
Journal article / 論文: M. Myronov, W. Jiang & S. Studenikin et al., “Fully spin-polarised quantum Hall effect at sub-tesla magnetic fields,” Communications Materials (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s43246-026-01244-4
Keywords: quantum Hall effect, 量子ホール効果, integer quantum Hall, 整数量子ホール, spin-polarised, スピン偏極, germanium quantum well, ゲルマニウム量子井戸, Zeeman energy, ゼーマンエネルギー, topological transport, トポロジカル輸送, chiral edge channel, カイラルエッジチャネル, CMOS, semiconductor qubit, 半導体量子ビット, Myronov, University of Warwick, ウォリック大学, National Research Council Canada, Communications Materials, 物理学, physics
At the heart of A402-BCG — the brightest galaxy in the cluster Abell 402, roughly 4 billion light-years away — sits a curious dark region about 3,200 light-years across. When Hubble first spotted it in 2018, astronomers suspected a dust cloud was simply blocking the starlight behind it.
A team led by Michael McDonald (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) tested that idea using the James Webb Space Telescope, Hubble and the Very Large Telescope. Because dust dims infrared light less than optical light, a real dust cloud should look brighter to Webb than to Hubble — but the cavity appeared equally dark at both wavelengths, ruling dust out. Instead, MUSE spectroscopy revealed two separate pockets of ionized gas on opposite sides of the void, with two distinct sets of emission lines consistent with a black-hole binary totaling about 60 ± 20 billion solar masses. The favored picture: two ultramassive black holes spiraling slowly toward each other, flinging stars outward as they go and carving the starless cavity. Individual black holes above 60 billion solar masses have been identified only a handful of times, and if confirmed this pair would be among the most massive black-hole binaries known. The authors caution that an alternative — a compact starburst masquerading as the second source — is less likely but not fully excluded. Published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters.
Keywords: ultramassive black hole, 超大質量ブラックホール, black hole binary, ブラックホール連星, Abell 402, A402-BCG, stellar cavity, 星の空洞, brightest cluster galaxy, 銀河団最輝銀河, BCG, JWST, ジェイムズウェッブ宇宙望遠鏡, Hubble, ハッブル, VLT, MUSE, galaxy merger, 銀河合体, Michael McDonald, MIT, Astrophysical Journal Letters, astrophysics, 天体物理学, 物理学, physics
As the simplest multi-electron atom, helium is a prime testbed for fundamental physics: high-precision spectroscopy can both sharpen atomic theory and serve as a sensitive probe of nuclear charge radii. Its long-lived, optically accessible 2³S₁ state lets atoms be cooled, trapped and detected with exquisite control.
K. Steinebach, J. C. J. Koelemeij, H. L. Bethlem and K. S. E. Eikema (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) report an improved measurement of the 2³S₁ → 2¹S₀ transition frequency in helium-4 with just 48 Hz uncertainty (0.25 parts per trillion), using a Bose–Einstein condensate held in a magic-wavelength optical dipole trap. A systematic Doppler shift from the condensate’s motion is suppressed by time-resolved ion detection, and the frequency is calibrated against a remote active hydrogen-maser clock via a “White Rabbit” link. Combined with earlier helium-3 data and improved theory, they obtain the most precise value to date for the squared charge-radius difference between the alpha particle and the helion, rh² − rα² = 1.0676(10) fm². The result is consistent with other recent determinations and confirms that the current discrepancy between QED theory and measured helium ionization energies does not show up in the isotope shift. Published in Physical Review Letters.
Keywords: helium spectroscopy, ヘリウム分光, helium-4, ヘリウム4, helium-3, ヘリウム3, nuclear charge radius, 原子核電荷半径, charge-radius difference, 電荷半径差, alpha particle, α粒子, helion, ヘリオン, Bose-Einstein condensate, ボース・アインシュタイン凝縮, magic wavelength, 魔法波長, QED, 量子電磁力学, isotope shift, 同位体シフト, precision measurement, 精密測定, Eikema, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, アムステルダム自由大学, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
The Sun runs on a roughly 11-year cycle, swinging between quiet spells and peaks marked by a surge of sunspots. Near the peak it emits more ultraviolet and extreme-ultraviolet radiation, heating the thermosphere and puffing denser air upward — which drags on anything in low Earth orbit and pulls it down faster. Where exactly that faster descent kicks in, however, had been unclear.
Ayisha M. Ashruf, Ankush Bhaskar, C. Vineeth and Tarun Kumar Pant (Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, India) tracked 17 pieces of space debris — all launched in the 1960s, still in orbit today at 600–800 km, and never maneuvered, so their orbits reflect nothing but the surrounding atmosphere — across three complete solar cycles (cycles 22–24, 1986–2024) using Two-Line Element (TLE) data. They found a clear, repeatable threshold: once the sunspot number climbs past roughly two-thirds (about 67–75%) of its cycle maximum, the debris crosses a “transition boundary” and begins falling much faster, coincident with a surge in solar extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) flux that heats and expands the thermosphere. Crucially, the threshold is tied not to a fixed level of solar radiation but to how close the Sun is to its own peak activity; geomagnetic indices (Ap, AE, Dst) correlate only weakly, confirming EUV forcing as the primary driver. The effect is expected to hold for station-keeping satellites too, giving operators and debris trackers concrete numbers for planning orbit corrections, fuel budgets and collision-avoidance in the years around solar maximum. Published in Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences.
Keywords: space debris, 宇宙デブリ, 宇宙ゴミ, orbital decay, 軌道減衰, solar cycle, 太陽周期, sunspot number, 黒点数, thermosphere, 熱圏, atmospheric drag, 大気抵抗, low Earth orbit, 低軌道, LEO, solar maximum, 太陽極大期, satellite collision, 衛星衝突, space weather, 宇宙天気, Ashruf, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, astrophysics, 天体物理学, 物理学, physics
Liquid water is famously anomalous — it expands as it freezes — and these quirks are linked to a suspected liquid–liquid phase transition between high- and low-density states in the deeply supercooled regime. At the molecular level, tetrahedral hydrogen-bond networks govern the behavior, which has motivated many “structural descriptors” that try to capture the local molecular environment. But these were largely proposed independently, with little systematic comparison.
Kohei Yoshikawa, Kokoro Shikata, Kang Kim and Nobuyuki Matubayasi (The University of Osaka) evaluate 16 previously proposed descriptors within a single, unified framework built around a neural network that classifies temperature from a molecular configuration — an objective test of how well each descriptor captures temperature-dependent structural change. They then apply explainable AI to identify which structural features drive the model’s predictions, revealing how different descriptors encode local information and establishing a data-driven way to benchmark structural descriptors in liquid water. The work offers a systematic scheme where none existed before for characterizing water’s microscopic structural changes. Published in Communications Chemistry.
Journal article / 論文: K. Yoshikawa, K. Shikata, K. Kim & N. Matubayasi, “Machine learning evaluation of structural descriptors for supercooled water,” Communications Chemistry (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s42004-026-02097-1
Keywords: supercooled water, 過冷却水, liquid water, 液体の水, structural descriptors, 構造記述子, hydrogen-bond network, 水素結合ネットワーク, tetrahedral order, 正四面体秩序, liquid-liquid transition, 液体-液体相転移, machine learning, 機械学習, neural network, ニューラルネットワーク, explainable AI, 説明可能AI, XAI, molecular dynamics, 分子動力学, Osaka University, 大阪大学, Yoshikawa, Matubayasi, Communications Chemistry, statistical physics, 統計物理, 物理学, physics
From navigation to space-weather forecasting, many fields need space-based sensors that measure Earth’s magnetic field as accurately as possible at any moment. Existing sensors, though, have long struggled with drift, interference from the spacecraft itself, and the harsh conditions of orbit.
Yarne Beerden, Jaroslav Hruby and colleagues (Hasselt University and imec, Belgium) developed a diamond-based quantum magnetometer — OSCAR-QUBE — that uses nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond and optically detected magnetic resonance to read magnetic fields. Built by a student team through ESA’s Orbit Your Thesis programme, it was flown to the International Space Station in August 2021 and installed inside the station’s ICE Cubes facility, where it operated for about 10 months (2021–2022) in low Earth orbit and returned vector field measurements that matched the World Magnetic Model. The device is strikingly compact: a 1U form factor (a 10-cm cube), weighing 420 g and drawing just 5 W, with a sensitivity below 300 nT/√Hz. The authors are careful to frame the mission as a proof of concept: operating inside the ISS, the sensor picked up electromagnetic interference from station equipment that set a floor on its precision, and its in-orbit performance did not surpass state-of-the-art conventional magnetometers. What it demonstrated is that a diamond quantum sensor can survive launch, radiation and thermal cycling and keep working — pointing toward future, better-shielded units on constellations of small satellites for high-resolution geomagnetic mapping. Published in Physical Review Applied.
Journal article / 論文: Y. Beerden et al., “Diamond-based magnetometer aboard the International Space Station,” Phys. Rev. Applied 25, 054017 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/483m-8hfc
Keywords: quantum magnetometer, 量子磁力計, diamond, ダイヤモンド, nitrogen-vacancy center, 窒素空孔中心, NV center, NV中心, optically detected magnetic resonance, 光検出磁気共鳴, ODMR, geomagnetic field, 地磁気, International Space Station, 国際宇宙ステーション, ISS, OSCAR-QUBE, quantum sensing, 量子センシング, space weather, 宇宙天気, Hasselt University, ハッセルト大学, Physical Review Applied, 物理学, physics
Across cosmic history, several core-collapse supernovae explode every second, and the neutrinos they emit have accumulated into a faint, all-sky glow called the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background (DSNB). Detecting it would offer a direct, integrated record of star formation, nucleosynthesis and compact-object formation over the age of the Universe — but the signal is extraordinarily weak and easily buried under backgrounds.
The Super-Kamiokande Collaboration (about 250 researchers from 60 institutions) reports the first observational indication of the DSNB. Since 2020 the 50,000-tonne water Cherenkov detector, 1,000 m underground in Gifu, Japan, has been loaded with dissolved gadolinium (the SK-Gd phase), which sharpens the neutron-capture signature that tags electron antineutrinos. Analysing roughly 5,000 days of Super-Kamiokande observations, the team found a 2.6σ (99.5% C.L.) excess of events in the 13.3–81.3 MeV range. Because it falls short of the 5σ discovery threshold, the result is described as an indication rather than a definitive detection, yet it already constrains models of the cosmic supernova rate. The collaboration plans to combine continuing Super-Kamiokande data with its successor Hyper-Kamiokande to push toward a firm detection. Presented on 25 June 2026 at Neutrino 2026 (XXXII International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics), UC Irvine.
Primary source / 一次ソース: Tohoku University / Kamioka Observatory, ICRR, The University of Tokyo — “Super-Kamiokande Unveils a Clue to the Faint ‘Whispers’ Imprinted Across Cosmic History” (2026)
Details / 詳細: Phys.org — “Cosmic neutrino ‘whispers’ may surface in 5,000-day Super-Kamiokande signal” (2026)
Keywords: Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background, DSNB, 超新星ニュートリノ背景放射, Super-Kamiokande, スーパーカミオカンデ, SK-Gd, gadolinium, ガドリニウム, neutrino, ニュートリノ, core-collapse supernova, 重力崩壊型超新星, neutron capture, 中性子捕獲, Hyper-Kamiokande, ハイパーカミオカンデ, Neutrino 2026, Yosuke Ashida, ICRR, Kamioka Observatory, 神岡, star formation history, 星形成史, 物理学, physics
A permanent electric dipole moment (EDM) — a tiny separation of positive and negative charge aligned with a particle’s spin — would violate time-reversal (T) and hence CP symmetry. The Standard Model predicts immeasurably small EDMs, so any measurable value points to new physics and to extra CP violation of the kind needed to explain the cosmic matter–antimatter asymmetry. The neutron and electron have long been probed; the deuteron (a proton bound to a neutron) had never been measured directly.
The JEDI collaboration derives the first experimental limit on the deuteron EDM using the Cooler Synchrotron (COSY), a conventional magnetic storage ring. For a charged particle in a ring, an EDM would tilt the invariant spin axis slightly out of the ring plane. Combining a radio-frequency Wien filter, a superconducting Siberian snake and an electron-cooler solenoid, the team measured tilts of only a few milliradians, dominated by systematic effects. From these they set |dd| < 2.5×10−17 e·cm (95% C.L.) — a landmark first bound that establishes storage-ring EDM techniques for light nuclei and lays groundwork for dedicated future rings. Published in Physical Review Letters.
Journal article / 論文: JEDI Collaboration, “First Experimental Limit on the Permanent Electric Dipole Moment of the Deuteron,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 241801 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/ns3s-ld4k
Keywords: electric dipole moment, EDM, 電気双極子能率, deuteron, 重陽子, CP violation, CP対称性の破れ, time-reversal symmetry, 時間反転対称性, matter-antimatter asymmetry, 物質反物質非対称, storage ring, 蓄積リング, COSY, Cooler Synchrotron, JEDI, invariant spin axis, 不変スピン軸, Wien filter, Siberian snake, beyond the Standard Model, 標準模型を超える物理, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for large-scale quantum computers, but it demands repeated mid-circuit measurements (MCMs): ancilla qubits are read out many times during a computation to check for errors. Each readout takes time, and the data qubits must sit idle while it happens — and that idling is itself a source of noise.
Researchers from the University of Sydney working with IBM quantified this failure mechanism and showed how to beat it. Running benchmarks on a 156-qubit IBM Quantum Heron r2 superconducting processor (in an IBM Quantum System Two), they found that measurement-induced idling noise is one of the dominant limitations on error-corrected logic-gate fidelity in today’s hardware. By redesigning the QEC circuitry to compact the schedule and shorten idling during ancilla readouts, they raised the logical-qubit survival rate from below 90% to above 96% per error-correction cycle. Rather than a new device, the work pins down quantitatively what performance the error checks must reach, giving concrete engineering targets for scalable, fault-tolerant quantum computing. Lead author Robin Harper (Sydney Nano) with Stephen Bartlett, IBM’s Ben Brown and UCL’s Constance Lainé; published in Nature Communications.
Journal article / 論文: R. Harper et al., “Characterising the failure mechanism of error-corrected quantum logic gates,” Nature Communications (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-71773-6
Details / 詳細: University of Sydney — “Pathway to high-fidelity quantum computing identified in new research” (2026)
Keywords: quantum error correction, QEC, 量子誤り訂正, mid-circuit measurement, 回路中測定, logical qubit, 論理量子ビット, fault-tolerant quantum computing, フォールトトレラント量子計算, idling noise, アイドリング雑音, IBM Heron r2, superconducting qubit, 超伝導量子ビット, heavy-hex code, University of Sydney, シドニー大学, IBM Quantum, Robin Harper, Stephen Bartlett, Nature Communications, 物理学, physics
The classical Mpemba effect is the surprising observation that hotter water can freeze faster than cooler water. Its quantum analogue — the quantum Mpemba effect (QME) — is equally counterintuitive: in a non-equilibrium many-body system, a state that starts with greater symmetry breaking can restore symmetry faster than one that starts closer to symmetric. Theory has surged, but flexible experimental control has been scarce.
A team reports the observation and modulation of QME on a superconducting processor with an all-to-all connected, tunable-coupling architecture, which lets them dial interactions from short- to long-range and independently tune coupling regimes, on-site potentials and initial states. Symmetry restoration is quantified by the entanglement asymmetry (EA) — the relative entropy between a subsystem’s reduced density matrix and its symmetric projection — reconstructed via quantum state tomography. In strong short-range coupling, EA crossovers during quenches from tilted Néel states confirm QME; in intermediate coupling it is suppressed; and it re-emerges with on-site linear potentials or quenches from tilted ferromagnetic states, the latter robust against on-site disorder. The result demonstrates flexible, multi-parameter control of QME and opens uses in quantum information. Xu et al., published in Physical Review Letters.
Journal article / 論文: Y. Xu et al., “Observation and Modulation of the Quantum Mpemba Effect on a Superconducting Quantum Processor,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 010402 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/951q-j8kq
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2508.07707
Keywords: quantum Mpemba effect, QME, 量子ムペンバ効果, Mpemba effect, ムペンバ効果, entanglement asymmetry, エンタングルメント非対称性, symmetry restoration, 対称性の回復, non-equilibrium, 非平衡, superconducting processor, 超伝導プロセッサ, tunable coupling, 可変結合, tilted Neel state, quantum state tomography, 量子状態トモグラフィ, many-body dynamics, 多体ダイナミクス, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Chiral magnons — the quanta of handed spin waves — carry spin angular momentum without the Joule heating that plagues charge currents. Altermagnets, the recently identified third class of magnetic order, were predicted to host chiral magnons through a non-relativistic exchange mechanism similar to ferromagnets but without any net magnetization, making them a stray-field-free platform for magnon spin currents. Directly proving the handed character of these magnons had, however, remained elusive.
Using polarized inelastic neutron scattering on the prototypical altermagnet MnTe (manganese telluride) — whose two opposite-spin Mn sublattices are related by a sixfold improper rotation — the team directly observed chiral magnons, resolving the two magnon branches of opposite handedness. Crucially, they showed the magnon chirality can be reversibly switched by an applied magnetic field, establishing controllable, functional altermagnetic magnonics. The work builds a robust foundation for stray-field-free, low-dissipation spin-current devices. Liu, Masuda et al., published in Physical Review Letters.
Journal article / 論文: Z. Liu, H. Kikuchi, … T. Masuda et al., “Observation of Switchable Chiral Magnons in an Altermagnet,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 236705 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/m8lc-f8gk
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2605.14124
Keywords: chiral magnon, キラルマグノン, altermagnet, アルターマグネット, altermagnetism, MnTe, manganese telluride, テルル化マンガン, polarized inelastic neutron scattering, 偏極中性子非弾性散乱, spin wave, スピン波, magnon spin current, マグノン・スピン流, magnon chirality, magnonics, マグノニクス, spintronics, スピントロニクス, Takatsugu Masuda, Zheyuan Liu, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
A Rydberg atom has one electron promoted to a very high orbit, giving it an enormous, delicate wavefunction. Controlling that wavefunction locally — not just the atom as a whole — would open new routes for quantum simulation and sensing, but the electron cloud is far larger than an ordinary laser focus, so it has been hard to reach inside it.
Homar Rivera-Rodríguez, Matthew T. Eiles, Tilman Pfau and Florian Meinert propose the local manipulation and spatiotemporal “sculpting” of the electronic matter wave of a Rydberg atom using a laser focused so tightly that its beam width is smaller than the Rydberg electron orbit. Computing the electronic eigenstates in such a sharply focused Gaussian beam, they find strong Rydberg state mixing that produces giant kilo-Debye dipole moments, which can be modulated at high bandwidth by the local tweezer intensity. Oscillations in the position-dependent level shifts — analogous to the wells that bind ultralong-range Rydberg molecules — allow eccentric radial trapping of the Rydberg electron via ponderomotive forces acting on the sub-orbit structure. The scheme turns the optical tweezer into a scalpel for the electron cloud itself. Published in Physical Review Letters, 1 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): H. Rivera-Rodríguez, M. T. Eiles, T. Pfau, and F. Meinert, “Microscopic Rydberg Electron Orbit Manipulation with Optical Tweezers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 013401 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/3tq7-ywf6
Keywords: Rydberg atom, リュードベリ原子, optical tweezers, 光ツイーザー, 光ピンセット, matter wave, 物質波, electronic wavefunction, ponderomotive force, ポンデロモーティブ力, kilo-Debye dipole, dipole moment, 双極子モーメント, Rydberg state mixing, quantum simulation, 量子シミュレーション, atomic physics, 原子物理学, Tilman Pfau, Florian Meinert, Matthew Eiles, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Scaling up a neutral-atom quantum computer means reading out the state of every atom quickly and gently. Atom arrays use fluorescence readout, but to avoid heating and atom loss the exposure must be short — and in the single-photon regime the “bright” and “dark” signal distributions overlap so badly that a simple brightness threshold fails.
Yaoting Zhou, Zhongxiao Xu, Li Chen, Heng Shen and colleagues (Shanxi University) report a neural-network-assisted Bayesian inference method for fluorescence readout in neutral-atom arrays. Their weakly anchored Bayesian scheme needs calibration of only one state, sidestepping the asymmetric-calibration problem common to many quantum platforms, and a permutation-invariant neural network compresses the Bayesian inference into a single forward pass for a 100-fold speedup. The method reaches relative readout fidelity above 99% and 98% even when the bright/dark histograms overlap by 61% and 72%, enabling reliable extraction of Rabi oscillations from very few photons. Published in Physical Review Letters, 30 June 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): Y. Zhou, W. Wang, … Z. Xu, L. Chen, and H. Shen, “Neural-Network-Assisted Bayesian Qubit Readout at the Single-Photon Level for Scalable Atomic Quantum Processors,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 013601 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/y222-kfxl
Keywords: neutral atom, 中性原子, atom array, 原子アレイ, qubit readout, 量子ビット読み出し, fluorescence readout, 蛍光読み出し, single photon, 単一光子, Bayesian inference, ベイズ推定, neural network, ニューラルネットワーク, permutation invariant, readout fidelity, 読み出し忠実度, quantum computing, 量子コンピューティング, Shanxi University, 山西大学, Heng Shen, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
In clusters of only a few atoms, geometry and electronic structure are tightly intertwined, so the exact arrangement of atoms decides the cluster’s magnetism and reactivity. For transition metals like iron this is especially hard: many unpaired electrons give rise to numerous closely spaced spin and geometric isomers, and theory alone often makes contradictory predictions about the true ground state.
Kevin Anthony Kaw, Piero Ferrari, Ewald Janssens, Peter Lievens and colleagues (KU Leuven, with the HFML-FELIX laboratory in Nijmegen, the Netherlands) combine infrared multiple-photon dissociation spectroscopy — using a rare-gas “messenger” atom — with density-functional-theory calculations to conclusively assign the geometries and spin states of cationic iron clusters of 3 to 12 atoms. Because the vibrational spectra encode both structure and spin multiplicity, the method sharply reduces the uncertainties in spin magnetic moments that had been inferred indirectly from x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), and it provides a stringent benchmark for theoretical predictions of transition-metal clusters. Published in Physical Review Letters, 1 July 2026, and highlighted as an APS Physics synopsis.
Keywords: iron cluster, 鉄クラスター, nanocluster, ナノクラスター, spin magnetic moment, スピン磁気モーメント, transition metal, 遷移金属, IR-MPD, infrared multiple photon dissociation, 赤外多光子解離, DFT, 密度汎関数, XMCD, 磁気円偏光二色性, cluster physics, クラスター物理, magnetism, 磁性, KU Leuven, FELIX, Piero Ferrari, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Eutectic solidification — how a molten alloy freezes into a fine two-phase composite — is a textbook example of pattern formation out of equilibrium and underpins the strength of many alloys. Its reverse, eutectic melting, has been studied far less, even though additive manufacturing repeatedly drives materials through partial melting and re-solidification cycles.
Rahul Nellissery Rajan, Sabine Bottin-Rousseau, Silvère Akamatsu and colleagues (Access e.V., Aachen, and Sorbonne Université / CNRS, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris) study the melting dynamics of a two-phase eutectic solid. Combining in situ thin-sample experiments on a transparent model alloy with two-dimensional phase-field simulations calibrated to the very same alloy, they follow directional melting in a temperature gradient. Depending on the melting velocity and the spacing of the pre-solidified lamellae, an unexpectedly rich diversity of melting patterns emerges, with good agreement between experiment and simulation — casting new light on the physical mechanisms that govern steady-state melting fronts and their transformations. Published in Physical Review Letters, 26 June 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): R. Nellissery Rajan, R. K. Rajendran, G. Boussinot, K. Sbargoud, S. Bottin-Rousseau, and S. Akamatsu, “Pattern formation during melting of lamellar eutectics,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 256301 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/qtst-bdmt, arXiv:2604.14821
Keywords: eutectic, 共晶, eutectic melting, 共晶溶解, lamellar, 層状組織, pattern formation, パターン形成, phase-field simulation, フェーズフィールド, directional melting, 一方向溶解, solidification, 凝固, additive manufacturing, 造形, アディティブ製造, alloy, 合金, nonequilibrium, 非平衡, materials physics, 材料物理, Silvere Akamatsu, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Unidirectional guided resonances (UGRs) are optical modes in a photonic-crystal slab that radiate to one side only, without needing a mirror on the other — a topological polarization singularity in momentum space. Until now, though, only a handful of discrete UGRs could be realized at isolated points, limiting their use.
Zengping Su, Qinghua Song and colleagues demonstrate an unprecedented continuous ring of UGRs in a hexagonal bilayer cylinder array, whose formation is governed by isotropic interband coupling that ensures robust, azimuthally continuous unidirectional emission. By leveraging an in-plane inversion-symmetry-protected bound state in the continuum (BIC) at the Γ point, the continuous ring inherits the BIC’s topology, appearing as a phase vortex with a nontrivial topological charge. This combination of continuous unidirectionality and a global topological charge is a robust platform for devices such as vortex lasers whose emission is locked to a single direction. Published in Physical Review Letters, 1 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): Z. Su, W. Li, J. Li, H. Qin, Y. Wang, W. Lv, M. Li, B. Li, and Q. Song, “Continuous Ring of Unidirectional Guided Resonances Induced by Isotropic Interband Coupling,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 016201 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/qlgy-fj7k
Keywords: unidirectional guided resonance, UGR, 一方向導波共鳴, bound state in the continuum, BIC, 連続体中の束縛状態, photonic crystal, フォトニック結晶, bilayer, 二層, vortex laser, 光渦レーザー, optical vortex, 光渦, topological charge, トポロジカル電荷, phase singularity, 位相特異点, nanophotonics, ナノフォトニクス, interband coupling, Qinghua Song, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
With the release of the fourth LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA gravitational-wave catalog (GWTC-4), the population of merging binary black holes is coming into sharp focus. Sharan Banagiri, Eric Thrane & Paul D. Lasky (Monash University / OzGrav) report evidence for (at least) three subpopulations of merging black holes separated by their primary mass, while an independent analysis by Cailin Plunkett, Salvatore Vitale, Thomas Callister & Michael Zevin finds decisive evidence for a subpopulation of hierarchical mergers.
Different formation channels are expected to leave different fingerprints in the data, and the converging picture points to a distinct population of massive black-hole binaries built up through repeated (hierarchical) mergers — black holes that are themselves the products of earlier mergers. The result sharpens how gravitational-wave surveys can disentangle the astrophysical origins of black holes. Published in Physical Review Letters, 6 July 2026, with an accompanying commentary in APS’s Physics magazine.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): S. Banagiri, E. Thrane, and P. D. Lasky, “Evidence for Three Subpopulations of Merging Binary Black Holes at Different Primary Masses,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 021403 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/blyb-lqv6 (姉妹論文:C. Plunkett et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 021404 (2026))
Keywords: gravitational waves, 重力波, GWTC-4, binary black hole, ブラックホール連星, hierarchical merger, 階層的合体, subpopulation, LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, OzGrav, Banagiri, Thrane, Lasky, black hole population, astrophysics, 天体物理学, 物理学, physics
Gravitational-wave signals are usually analyzed under the vacuum hypothesis — assuming the astrophysical surroundings are negligible. But for low-frequency sources such as extreme mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs), prime targets for the space detector LISA, that assumption may break down: EMRIs are expected to form, at least in part, in dense environments such as active galactic nuclei or dark-matter spikes and cores.
Because these environmental effects are highly uncertain, modeling them parametrically is hard. The authors instead propose a nonparametric self-consistency test: they check whether the vacuum parameters inferred from different portions of the same signal agree with one another. Statistically significant disagreement flags the presence of an environment — or a deviation from general relativity — without adding any new parameters or assumptions about the underlying physics. Published in Physical Review Letters, 7 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): L. Copparoni, R. S. Chandramouli, and E. Barausse, “When Vacuum Breaks: A Self-Consistency Test for Astrophysical Environments in Extreme Mass Ratio Inspirals,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 021405 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/pqcz-cvsv
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2510.06948
Keywords: EMRI, 極小質量比インスパイラル, LISA, gravitational waves, 重力波, environmental effects, 環境効果, dark matter spike, 暗黒物質スパイク, accretion disk, 降着円盤, general relativity, 一般相対性理論, black hole, ブラックホール, astrophysics, 物理学, physics
The Kibble–Zurek mechanism (KZM) predicts that when a system is driven through a continuous phase transition at a finite rate, topological defects form spontaneously. Seong-Ho Shinn, Matteo Massaro, Mithun Thudiyangal & Adolfo del Campo propose that this same mechanism can generate spontaneous quantum turbulence (SQT) during Bose–Einstein condensation triggered by a thermal quench.
Using simulations of the stochastic projected Gross–Pitaevskii equation in two dimensions, they follow a newborn condensate becoming riddled with quantum vortices. The emerging turbulence obeys nonequilibrium universality: both Kibble–Zurek scaling and Kolmogorov scaling of the incompressible kinetic energy appear together, tying defect formation at a phase transition to the classic statistics of turbulence. Published in Physical Review Letters, 7 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): S.-H. Shinn, M. Massaro, M. Thudiyangal, and A. del Campo, “Spontaneous Quantum Turbulence in a Newborn Bose-Einstein Condensate via the Kibble-Zurek Mechanism,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 020402 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/b16v-hwp2
Keywords: Kibble-Zurek mechanism, キブルズレック機構, quantum turbulence, 量子乱流, Bose-Einstein condensate, ボーズアインシュタイン凝縮, quantum vortex, 量子渦, Gross-Pitaevskii, Kolmogorov scaling, コルモゴロフ, topological defect, トポロジカル欠陥, superfluid, 超流動, del Campo, 物理学, physics
Studies of entanglement dynamics have mostly started from simple product states. Here the authors ask what happens when the initial state is already entangled, and find surprisingly rich behavior across systems from many-body localization (MBL) to random quantum circuits.
Their central finding: in many nonergodic systems, the growth of entanglement entropy is nonmonotonic in the initial entanglement, peaking for moderately entangled starting states. To explain this, they split entanglement growth into two mechanisms — “build”, which creates new entanglement, and “move”, which redistributes existing entanglement. MBL dynamics turn out to be “move-dominated”, quantitatively matching a random-SWAP circuit of pure “move” dynamics. The framework unifies entanglement generation and transport. Published in Physical Review Letters, 7 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): C.-Y. Zhang, Z.-X. Li, and S.-X. Zhang, “Entanglement Growth from Entangled States: A Unified Perspective on Entanglement Generation and Transport,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 020404 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/xkh7-gdqm
Keywords: entanglement entropy, エンタングルメントエントロピー, many-body localization, 多体局在, MBL, random quantum circuit, ランダム量子回路, quantum many-body, 量子多体系, build and move, entanglement transport, エンタングルメント輸送, nonergodic, 非エルゴード, 物理学, physics
João Costa, Pedro Ribeiro & Andrea De Luca analyze how different kinds of noise affect one-dimensional systems of noninteracting (free) fermions. In the strong-noise limit, they show — under mild assumptions — that the statistics of the fermionic correlation matrix converge, in the thermodynamic limit, to a universal form described by the quantum simple symmetric exclusion process (QSSEP).
For charge transport, QSSEP and every model in its universality class share the same large-deviation function for the transferred charge as the classical SSEP. A key ingredient is a gauge-like invariance in the choice of the bond where the current is measured, which lets them compute the cumulant-generating function exactly and establish an exact QSSEP–SSEP correspondence, backed by numerics. The upshot: a broad class of noisy free-fermion models has essentially classical transport. Published in Physical Review Letters, 7 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): J. Costa, P. Ribeiro, and A. De Luca, “Emergence of Universality in Transport of Noisy Free Fermions,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 020403 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/v8x8-ft81
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2504.00188
Keywords: noisy free fermions, ノイズあり自由フェルミオン, QSSEP, quantum symmetric simple exclusion process, universality, 普遍性, charge transport, 電荷輸送, large deviation, 大偏差, open quantum system, 開いた量子系, statistical physics, 統計物理, De Luca, 物理学, physics
Continuous-variable quantum systems underpin quantum computing, communication and sensing, yet wave functions and density matrices are often impractical to handle. The tomographic picture represents quantum states as ordinary classical probability distributions (tomograms) — convenient, but held back by a lack of robust estimators.
This Letter fills that gap with a nonparametric kernel quantum state estimation (KQSE) framework that reconstructs quantum states and their trace characteristics directly from noisy data, with no prior knowledge of the state. KQSE delivers the density matrix in various bases and trace quantities such as purity, higher moments, overlap and trace distance with near-optimal convergence. Published in Physical Review Letters, 7 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): L. A. Markovich et al., “Nonparametric Learning Non-Gaussian Quantum States of Continuous Variable Systems,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 020201 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/xdcg-6df5
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2508.06431
Keywords: quantum state tomography, 量子状態トモグラフィ, tomogram, トモグラム, continuous variable, 連続変数, non-Gaussian state, 非ガウス状態, KQSE, kernel estimation, カーネル推定, purity, 純度, density matrix, 密度行列, quantum information, 量子情報, 物理学, physics
Julian Boesl, Yu-Jie Liu, Frank Pollmann & Michael Knap (TU Munich / MCQST / MIT) construct parametrized isometric tensor-network states — which they call “skeletons” — that let one explore phases of Abelian topological order and can be run directly on quantum processors.
The skeletons are stable, finite-correlation-length deformations of string-net fixed points, built by conserving virtual symmetries and imposing local isometry constraints. They connect distinct topological phases through a shared critical point, giving analytically tractable examples of phase transitions beyond anyon condensation. Mapping these 2D tensor networks onto 1D stochastic automata makes expectation values of generalized Pauli strings of arbitrary weight efficiently computable classically, so the states double as an organizing principle for topological order and a testbed for quantum hardware. Published in Physical Review Letters, 7 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): J. Boesl, Y.-J. Liu, F. Pollmann, and M. Knap, “Skeleton of Isometric Tensor Network States for Abelian String-Net Models,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 020405 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/d3fz-5755
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2511.13821
Keywords: tensor network, テンソルネットワーク, isometric tensor network, 等長テンソルネット, topological order, トポロジカル秩序, string-net, ストリングネット, anyon condensation, エニオン凝縮, phase transition, 相転移, quantum processor, 量子プロセッサ, Pollmann, Knap, 物理学, physics
Quantum networks and repeaters are the backbone of future distributed quantum computing and long-distance quantum communication, and a key step is establishing heralded entanglement between remote nodes efficiently and with high fidelity. Here researchers experimentally demonstrate multimode-enhanced heralded entanglement between two trapped-ion network nodes.
By harnessing ten temporal photonic modes, they achieve a 4.59-fold speedup in ion–ion entanglement generation and an entanglement fidelity of 95.9% ± 1.5% across 1.2 km of optical fiber. Temporal multimoding is a practical route to accelerating remote entanglement distribution over the long fibers a real quantum network would need. Published in Physical Review Letters, 7 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): “Temporally Multimode Ion-Ion Entanglement over 1.2 Kilometer Fibers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 020803 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/9h14-sc8t
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2510.20392
Keywords: quantum network, 量子ネットワーク, quantum repeater, 量子中継器, trapped ion, トラップイオン, heralded entanglement, ヘラルド付きもつれ, temporal multimode, 時間多モード, optical fiber, 光ファイバー, ion-photon, fidelity, 忠実度, quantum communication, 量子通信, 物理学, physics
Cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED) harnesses light–matter interaction to make nonclassical light, but a single cavity struggles to deliver Purcell enhancement and tailored wave-front control at the same time — the two demand conflicting resonators. The authors resolve this tension with geometric-phase metacavities: triggered single-photon emission from semiconductor quantum dots whose wave fronts are designed at will.
These monolithic devices are only 200 nm thick yet provide Purcell-enhanced emission together with spin–momentum-locked radiation, optical vortex beams and holographic patterns, set by the design. A meta-atom lattice supplies high-Q confinement, while spatially rotated elliptical holes outcouple photons in the desired state. The work merges metasurface wave-front shaping with cQED, pointing toward compact, multiplexed quantum-light sources. Published in Physical Review Letters, 7 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): “Metacavity Quantum Electrodynamics,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 023601 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/j8gx-58hf
Keywords: cavity QED, キャビティ量子電磁力学, metacavity, メタキャビティ, metasurface, メタサーフェス, quantum dot, 量子ドット, single photon, 単光子, Purcell enhancement, Purcell増強, optical vortex, 光渦, geometric phase, 幾何学的位相, nanophotonics, ナノフォトニクス, 物理学, physics
A quantum computer is like an orchestra whose instruments drift out of tune every few bars. Today’s machines must halt the computation and run dedicated calibration passes to retune — a costly interruption that gets worse as processors grow.
Google Quantum AI and Google DeepMind showed that this stop-and-retune cycle can be eliminated. Quantum error correction already produces a continuous stream of error-detection events as a by-product; a reinforcement learning agent can read that stream and steer the machine’s analog controls while error-correction cycles are running. On Google’s Willow superconducting processor the agent managed more than 1,000 control parameters — the settings that translate an abstract QEC circuit into actual control waveforms — achieving record logical error rates and markedly better resilience to drift. The approach exploits sparsity: each detector responds only to gates inside its own detecting region, so the problem decomposes into thousands of small overlapping sub-problems. In simulation this made convergence speed essentially independent of system size, out to distance-15 codes with roughly 40,000 parameters. Published in Nature on 8 July 2026, with 299 authors.
Journal article / 論文: V. V. Sivak et al., “Reinforcement learning control of quantum error correction,” Nature 655, 879–884 (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10759-2
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2511.08493
Details / 詳細: Google Research Blog, “Towards a quantum computer that learns from its errors” (22 July 2026)
Keywords: quantum error correction, 量子誤り訂正, reinforcement learning, 強化学習, machine learning, 機械学習, calibration, キャリブレーション, surface code, 表面符号, logical qubit, 論理量子ビット, Willow, superconducting qubit, 超伝導量子ビット, drift, ドリフト, Google Quantum AI, DeepMind, Volodymyr Sivak, Nature, 物理学, physics
Magnetic skyrmions — whirlpool-like twists in a material’s magnetic texture — usually pack into a hexagonal lattice, the most space-efficient arrangement, just like circular disks on a table. Such lattices can host defects, and while translational defects (dislocations) have been studied for years, isolated angular defects — disclinations, where a node has five or seven neighbors instead of six — have remained elusive because they are hard to create and stabilize on their own.
Thibaud Denneulin, Nikolai S. Kiselev, Vladyslav M. Kuchkin and Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski (Forschungszentrum Jülich; University of Luxembourg) fabricated pentagon- and heptagon-shaped nanostructures of FeGe using focused-ion-beam milling, geometrically forcing the skyrmion lattice to accommodate a single fivefold or sevenfold disclination. They imaged the magnetic and elastic structure with Lorentz transmission electron microscopy and off-axis electron holography, and controlled the defect by strictly tuning the skyrmion population and the confining energy landscape. Isolating these angular defects gives a clean experimental platform for studying how skyrmion lattices deform and melt — important for skyrmion-based memory and logic devices. Published in Physical Review B, 7 July 2026; highlighted as a Physics Synopsis.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): T. Denneulin, N. S. Kiselev, V. M. Kuchkin, R. E. Dunin-Borkowski, “Magnetic skyrmion lattice disclinations in pentagon- and heptagon-shaped FeGe nanostructures,” Phys. Rev. B 114, 024411 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/nwd2-1hk9
Synopsis / 解説: Physics 19, s85 — “Stabilizing Magnetic Defects”
Keywords: magnetic skyrmion, 磁気スカーミオン, skyrmion lattice, スカーミオン格子, disclination, ディスクリネーション, angular defect, 角度欠陥, FeGe, 鉄ゲルマニウム, focused ion beam, 集束イオンビーム, Lorentz TEM, ローレンツ電子顕微鏡, electron holography, 電子線ホログラフィー, chiral magnet, カイラル磁性体, spintronics, スピントロニクス, Dunin-Borkowski, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Physical Review B, 物理学, physics
Physicists build quantum simulators by arranging individual neutral atoms in optical-tweezer arrays and orchestrating their interactions to mimic other quantum systems. But atoms only hold information while they stay coherent, which caps how many operations — and thus how complex a simulation — can fit in. Moving atoms faster would sidestep that limit.
Zheyuan Li (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign) with Chris H. Greene, Kaden R. A. Hazzard, Zoe Z. Yan, Jacob P. Covey and colleagues propose a blueprint using metastable helium-3 — the lightest, and therefore fastest-moving, trappable atomic species. Because it is so light, inter-tweezer hopping can be ≳3× faster than in previous lithium-6 demonstrations. Crucially, their scheme encodes qubits both in the atoms’ positions and in their vibrational (motional) states: the large energy spacings between helium-3’s vibrational modes make it easy to address the intended mode without exciting others, enabling simulations of bosonic modes and fermionic lattice dynamics alike, plus potential routes to lattice gauge theories and quantum chemistry beyond the Born–Oppenheimer approximation. Published in PRX Quantum; highlighted as a Physics Synopsis.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): Z. Li, R. De, R. Sivakumar, … C. H. Greene, K. R. A. Hazzard, Z. Z. Yan, J. P. Covey, “Quantum science with arrays of metastable helium-3 atoms,” PRX Quantum 7, 033011 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/hpnb-6ql3
Preprint & Synopsis / プレプリント・解説: arXiv:2601.06763 / Physics 19, s79
Keywords: helium-3, ヘリウム3, metastable helium, 準安定ヘリウム, optical tweezers, 光ピンセット, atom array, 原子アレイ, quantum simulation, 量子シミュレーション, vibrational qubit, 振動量子ビット, motional state, 運動状態, lithium-6, リチウム6, fermionic lattice, フェルミオン格子, Jacob Covey, Chris Greene, PRX Quantum, 物理学, physics
Continuous-variable (CV) quantum microcombs generated in high-Q microresonators are compact, frequency-multiplexed sources of entangled light modes for integrated quantum information processing. On-chip Kerr-induced two-mode squeezing already exists, but making the squeezing uniform across many mode pairs at once has been a central obstacle.
The authors work out the conditions needed for spectrally uniform squeezing and then build a vacuum-state CV quantum microcomb by combining a resonator with an engineered single-family mode structure and optimized pump conditions. The device delivers 14 independent two-mode squeezed states across a 0.7 THz bandwidth, each showing more than 4 dB of raw squeezing (up to 4.3 dB). This uniform, scalable quantum resource is a key step toward integrated CV quantum technologies that beat classical noise limits — useful for measurement-based quantum computing and quantum networking. Published in Physical Review Letters, 7 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): “Spectrally Uniform Continuous-Variable Quantum Microcombs,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 023802 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/vjtv-2prg
Keywords: continuous-variable, 連続変数, quantum microcomb, 量子マイクロコム, microresonator, マイクロ共振器, Kerr effect, カー効果, two-mode squeezing, 二モードスクイージング, entangled modes, もつれモード, integrated photonics, 集積フォトニクス, squeezed light, スクイーズド光, quantum computing, 量子計算, high-Q, 高Q, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Some deep theories of physics — notably the Wheeler–DeWitt equation of quantum gravity — describe the Universe as a single, timeless quantum state with no built-in clock. Yet we plainly experience time flowing from past to future. One way out is relational time: time isn’t external, but emerges from changes inside a system.
Giovanni Barontini (University of Birmingham) tests this idea in the lab with a well-isolated Bose–Einstein condensate of ~24,000 rubidium atoms, split by a thin optical barrier into an “observed” and an “unobserved” sector. He defines an entropic time from a coarse-grained entropy and shows it can robustly order events in the observed sector across repeated cycles of expansion and recollapse — a miniature “big bang” and “big crunch” followed for 120 ms in 2 ms snapshots. This internal time has a clear arrow, can speed up or slow down as entropy is redistributed, and even lets a version of the Schrödinger equation be written using entropic time instead of an external clock. It offers a laboratory testbed for the “problem of time” in quantum gravity and cosmology. Published in Physical Review Research (11 June 2026); coverage resurged in July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): G. Barontini, “Testing the problem of time with cold atoms,” Phys. Rev. Research 8, L022047 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/1h9j-df4k
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2509.07745
Keywords: problem of time, 時間の問題, emergent time, 創発する時間, entropic time, エントロピー時間, Wheeler-DeWitt equation, ホイーラー・ドウィット方程式, quantum gravity, 量子重力, Bose-Einstein condensate, ボース・アインシュタイン凝縮, ultracold atoms, 極低温原子, arrow of time, 時間の矢, quantum cosmology, 量子宇宙論, Barontini, University of Birmingham, Physical Review Research, 物理学, physics
Fermi’s golden rule underpins an enormous share of modern physics and chemistry: it converts a hard-to-see microscopic quantity — a density of states or spectral function — into an easily measured transition rate. Its validity rests on three assumptions: a continuum of final states, an appropriate time window, and weak coupling. In simple models these are easy to check. In a strongly interacting many-body system they are not.
A team led by Nir Navon at Yale, with colleagues at the Joint Quantum Institute (NIST/University of Maryland), turned a homogeneous, strongly interacting spin-1/2 Fermi gas into a testbed. Driving it with a radio-frequency field and measuring the probability of transferring atoms into an outcoupled internal state, they mapped the full dynamical response diagram as a function of pulse duration t and drive strength. For weak drives three regimes appear in sequence: an early-time window where the transition probability grows as t2, an intermediate window where the golden rule holds (probability growing linearly in t), and a long-time non-perturbative regime where it fails. Above a threshold coupling strength the golden-rule window disappears entirely and coherent Rabi oscillations take over. The result is effectively a practical “check your ingredients” chart for anyone interpreting a spectroscopy experiment. Nature Physics, 9 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文: J. Chen et al., “Emergence of Fermi’s golden rule in a quantum many-body system,” Nat. Phys. (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03316-1
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2502.14867
Press / 報道: Phys.org, “A new blueprint for using Fermi’s Golden Rule” (9 July 2026)
Keywords: Fermi's golden rule, フェルミの黄金則, quantum many-body, 量子多体系, Fermi gas, フェルミ気体, ultracold atoms, 超冷却原子, radio-frequency spectroscopy, RF分光, transition rate, 遷移レート, spectral function, スペクトル関数, perturbation theory, 摂動論, Rabi oscillation, ラビ振動, Nir Navon, Yale, イェール大学, JQI, NIST, Nature Physics, 物理学, physics
Ultracold polar molecules are the ultimate quantum-gas building block: unlike atoms they carry a permanent electric dipole moment plus rich rotational and vibrational structure. But condensing them has been blocked for years by near-universal two-body collisional losses — molecules that get close enough to thermalize also get close enough to destroy each other, so evaporative cooling stalls.
A team at the Chinese University of Hong Kong (Dajun Wang) with the Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Tao Shi) solved this with dual microwave shielding: two microwave fields of different polarization, layered over the trapped molecules, keep colliding pairs apart while still leaving their long-range dipolar interaction adjustable. Starting from an optically trapped gas of ground-state sodium–rubidium (NaRb) molecules, they evaporated to quantum degeneracy and obtained condensates of about 500 molecules. Crucially, the same microwave dressing acts as a continuous interaction dial: turning it moves the system between a gas-phase condensate and a self-bound quantum droplet — a blob held together by its own dipolar attraction, which does not fly apart when the trap is switched off. The gas-to-droplet transition was identified from time-of-flight expansion. Nature Physics, 9 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文: Z. Shi et al., “Bose–Einstein condensate of ultracold sodium–rubidium molecules with tunable dipolar interactions,” Nat. Phys. (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03362-9
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2508.20518
Press / 報道: Phys.org, “Physicists create Bose–Einstein condensate from ultracold polar molecules” (2026)
Keywords: polar molecules, 極性分子, Bose-Einstein condensate, ボースアインシュタイン凝縮, molecular BEC, 分子BEC, NaRb, sodium-rubidium, ナトリウムルビジウム, microwave shielding, マイクロ波シールド, dipolar interaction, 双極子相互作用, quantum droplet, 量子液滴, self-bound, 自己束縛, evaporative cooling, 蒸発冷却, ultracold, 超冷却, Dajun Wang, CUHK, 香港中文大学, Nature Physics, 物理学, physics
Gigahertz-frequency mechanical oscillators are attractive quantum hardware — they are compact, they interface naturally with both microwaves and light, and a single phonon mode can store a qubit. What has held them back is decoherence of unknown origin.
Peter Rakich’s group at Yale combined non-invasive Brillouin laser spectroscopy with materials analysis on micro-fabricated high-overtone bulk acoustic-wave resonators (µHBARs) made of crystalline quartz, and identified the culprit: phonon–surface interactions. The likely causes are not the polished surface itself but what lies just beneath it — lattice distortion, subsurface damage left by conventional polishing, and a high concentration of elemental impurities near the surface. Stripping that compromised layer away with an optimized chemical-mechanical polishing process produced resonators with quality factors above 240 million at 12 GHz and phonon coherence times reaching the millisecond scale — long enough to make these devices credible long-lived solid-state quantum memories. A striking case of a quantum-technology bottleneck turning out to be a materials-processing problem. Nature Physics, July 2026.
Journal article / 論文: “Millisecond coherence times in gigahertz-frequency mechanical oscillators,” Nat. Phys. (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03314-3
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2504.07523
Research Briefing / 解説: “Long-lived phonons from resonators with reduced surface interactions,” Nat. Phys. Research Briefing (30 July 2026)
Keywords: phonon, フォノン, mechanical oscillator, 機械振動子, HBAR, bulk acoustic wave, バルク弾性波, quality factor, Q値, coherence time, コヒーレンス時間, decoherence, デコヒーレンス, quartz, 水晶, 石英, subsurface damage, 表面下損傷, chemical mechanical polishing, 化学機械研磨, Brillouin spectroscopy, ブリルアン分光, quantum memory, 量子メモリ, optomechanics, オプトメカニクス, Peter Rakich, Yale, Nature Physics, 物理学, physics
An atomic nucleus is far more than protons and neutrons sitting still. Among its excited states, those with spin 0 and negative parity (0−) are special: they show the influence of the pion — the particle that mediates the nuclear force — unusually clearly, making them a kind of “peephole” into the deep structure of the nucleus. The trouble is that 0− states are extremely hard to excite selectively, so data on them have been scarce.
A collaboration led by Masanori Dozono (Kyoto University), with RIKEN Nishina Center (Tomohiro Uesaka, Shin’ichiro Michimasa), the Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo (Kentaro Yako) and RCNP, Osaka University (Shinsuke Ota), developed a new reaction they call the parity-transfer reaction. A 16O beam is fired at a 12C target; the projectile is converted into 16F in its 0− ground state, which transfers a parity flip to the target and populates 0− states in 12B. Because 16F lives for a vanishingly short time and immediately breaks up into 15O plus a proton, the team measured both fragments in coincidence with RIKEN’s SHARAQ spectrometer and reconstructed the 16F state after the fact — the trick that makes the whole scheme work. A known 0− state in 12B near 9.3 MeV showed up cleanly, validating the method. Systematic studies of 0− states now become possible, with applications including the nuclear matrix elements needed to extract the neutrino mass from double beta decay. Published in Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics on 30 June 2026; announced 9 July.
Press release / 一次ソース: 京都大学「原子核の深い構造を『のぞき窓』から観察する新手法を実証」(2026年7月9日)
Details / 詳細: 理化学研究所 プレスリリース(2026年7月9日)
Keywords: parity-transfer reaction, パリティ移行核反応, nuclear structure, 原子核構造, 0- state, 0マイナス状態, pion, パイ中間子, spin-isospin, スピン・アイソスピン, SHARAQ, RI Beam Factory, RIビームファクトリー, double beta decay, 二重ベータ崩壊, neutrino mass, ニュートリノ質量, nuclear matrix element, 核行列要素, Kyoto University, 京都大学, RIKEN, 理化学研究所, PTEP, 物理学, physics
Since 2013, a rare decay — a neutral B0 meson transforming into an excited kaon (K*0) plus a muon–antimuon pair (μ+μ−) — has repeatedly refused to match Standard Model predictions. Small enough at first to look like a fluctuation, the pattern of discrepancies has grown into one of the most tantalizing hints of physics beyond the Standard Model.
The LHCb Collaboration at CERN now reports its most comprehensive analysis of this “electroweak penguin” decay to date, based on roughly 650 billion B-meson decays recorded between 2011 and 2018. The result shows a tension of four standard deviations (4σ) with the Standard Model. That is not yet the 5σ threshold for a discovery, but it sharpens a decade-old anomaly considerably. LHCb has since recorded three times as many B mesons, and future LHC upgrades in the 2030s aim for a dataset ~15× larger still — enough to settle whether this is new physics or a subtle theory/measurement effect. Published in Physical Review Letters (Editors’ Suggestion) with an accompanying Physics Viewpoint.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration), “A comprehensive analysis of the B0→K*0μ+μ− decay,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 021802 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/24g9-yn9d
Preprint & Viewpoint / プレプリント・解説: arXiv:2512.18053 / Physics 19, 94 — “A Widening Anomaly Strains the Standard Model”
Keywords: LHCb, B meson, B中間子, rare decay, 稀崩壊, electroweak penguin, 電弱ペンギン, muon, ミュー粒子, Standard Model, 標準模型, new physics, 新物理, 4 sigma, 4シグマ, flavor anomaly, フレーバーアノマリー, CERN, LHC, particle physics, 素粒子物理学, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Most black holes detected via gravitational waves are thought to be “first generation,” born from single collapsing stars. But in dense environments — star clusters, AGN disks — remnants can pair up and merge again, producing hierarchical (repeated) mergers that populate the pair-instability mass gap expected around 45–120 solar masses. Several independent analyses of the fourth LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA catalog, GWTC-4, are now converging on evidence for exactly such a subpopulation.
Cailin Plunkett, Salvatore Vitale, Thomas Callister and Michael Zevin (the SPINS collaboration — MIT, Williams College, Adler Planetarium and others) introduce an astrophysically motivated model in the joint space of effective-inspiral and precessing spins — the spin signatures expected for higher-generation black holes. They find decisive evidence for a population transition above ~45 M☉, matching the anticipated onset of the pair-instability gap, plus a peak in the hierarchical merger rate near ~15 M☉. Companion papers (Banagiri, Thrane & Lasky, who find three subpopulations separated by primary mass; Li, Wang, Tang & Fan on AGN-disk mergers) find consistent mass-dependent spin substructure, suggesting contributions from both metal-rich and metal-poor star clusters. Published across Physical Review Letters vol. 137, iss. 2 (10 July 2026) with a Physics Viewpoint.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): C. Plunkett, S. Vitale, T. Callister, M. Zevin (SPINS), “Signatures of a Subpopulation of Hierarchical Mergers in the GWTC-4 Gravitational-Wave Dataset,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 021404 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/n6p4-ftgq
Related & Viewpoint / 関連論文・解説: S. Banagiri, E. Thrane, P. D. Lasky, “Evidence for Three Subpopulations of Merging Binary Black Holes at Different Primary Masses,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 021403 (2026) / Physics 19, 96 — “Evidence Mounts for Hierarchical Black Hole Mergers”
Keywords: gravitational waves, 重力波, hierarchical merger, 階層的合体, binary black hole, 連星ブラックホール, GWTC-4, pair-instability gap, 対不安定性ギャップ, effective spin, 有効スピン, precession, プレセッション, LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, star cluster, 星団, AGN disk, AGN円盤, black hole population, ブラックホール集団, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
The final state of a binary black hole merger is predicted very precisely by numerical relativity — but at the cost of solving Einstein’s equations on supercomputers. Might a simple thermodynamic principle select the remnant instead? Just as maximizing entropy predicts the outcome when two gases mix, without tracking every molecule.
Monica Rincon-Ramirez, Nathan K. Johnson-McDaniel, Eugenio Bianchi, Ish Gupta, Vaishak Prasad and B. S. Sathyaprakash (Penn State’s Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos, and collaborators) use post-Newtonian relations between a quasi-circular, non-spinning binary’s mass M (including binding energy) and angular momentum J. Mapping the instantaneous M and J onto a hypothetical Kerr black hole, they find its entropy reaches a maximum during the inspiral — and that maximum sits strikingly close to the actual remnant predicted by numerical relativity — the entropy differing by only about 0.61% across 62 non-spinning simulations in the SXS catalog. The authors propose an entropy-maximization conjecture: thermodynamic principles may govern which black hole a merger settles into. Published in Physical Review Letters, 7 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): M. Rincon-Ramirez, N. K. Johnson-McDaniel, E. Bianchi, I. Gupta, V. Prasad, B. S. Sathyaprakash, “Maximum Entropy Conjecture for Black Hole Mergers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 021406 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/hvp6-ydbq
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2601.22388
Keywords: black hole merger, ブラックホール合体, maximum entropy, 最大エントロピー, Kerr black hole, カー・ブラックホール, remnant, 残骸, numerical relativity, 数値相対論, post-Newtonian, ポスト・ニュートン, black hole thermodynamics, ブラックホール熱力学, general relativity, 一般相対性理論, gravitational waves, 重力波, Penn State, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Gravitational waves in the hard-to-reach deci-hertz band (roughly 0.1–1 Hz) carry unique signatures of the early Universe and merging compact objects, yet sit beyond today’s observatories. An old idea is to use the Moon itself as a giant resonant detector: a passing wave makes the whole Moon ring, and seismometers could pick that up. The catch is that the Moon’s rugged surface and lumpy interior make its response hard to model accurately.
Two companion papers tackle this. Lei Zhang and colleagues build the first high-resolution 2D model of the lunar gravitational-wave response, combining high-fidelity spectral-element simulations with normal-mode perturbation theory and resolving topography down to a 2 km grid — using real data from NASA’s LOLA (laser altimeter) and GRAIL (gravity) missions. They find that the Moon’s thick crust amplifies deci-hertz signals. In the companion work, Han Yan and Jan Harms flip the problem into “gravitational-wave tomography”: if the incoming wave’s amplitude is known from Earth-based detectors, measuring the Moon’s seismic response could constrain its internal structure. Together they strengthen the case for future Moon-based gravitational-wave detectors. Published in Physical Review Letters, 9 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): L. Zhang et al., “Thick Lunar Crust Amplifies Deci-Hertz Gravitational-Wave Signals,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 021408 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/d9jf-gxk5
Companion & Synopsis / 関連論文・解説: H. Yan & J. Harms, Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 021409 (2026) / Physics 19, s89
Keywords: Moon, 月, lunar gravitational-wave detector, 月面重力波検出器, deci-hertz, デシヘルツ, resonant detector, 共鳴型検出器, LOLA, GRAIL, lunar crust, 月の地殻, spectral-element method, スペクトル要素法, normal modes, ノーマルモード, gravitational-wave tomography, 重力波トモグラフィー, seismology, 地震学, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
A laser–plasma accelerator can sustain electric fields orders of magnitude stronger than a conventional radio-frequency cavity, which is why people talk about metre-scale machines reaching 100 GeV — energies that took CERN’s Large Electron–Positron collider kilometres of tunnel. The obstacle is dephasing: the plasma wave is driven by a laser pulse that travels slightly slower than light in the plasma, while the electrons it accelerates move at essentially the speed of light. Sooner or later the electrons outrun the accelerating field and start being decelerated.
Researchers at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, led by Charlie Arrowsmith with K. G. Miller and Dustin Froula, removed that ceiling using a flying focus — a specially structured pulse whose focal point sweeps along the accelerator axis at the vacuum speed of light, even though the pulse itself does not. The plasma wave then keeps pace with the electrons indefinitely. In experiments on the MTW-OPAL laser system, electrons gained more than twice the energy predicted by the traditional dephasing limit over the same distance. The team’s stated next goal, on the future NSF OPAL facility, is a single-stage 100 GeV beam in a metre of plasma. Nature Physics, July 2026.
Journal article / 論文: C. D. Arrowsmith et al., “Dephasingless laser wakefield acceleration of electrons using a flying focus,” Nat. Phys. (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03352-x
Details / 詳細: University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics — “Flying Focus Enables a New Regime of Laser-Plasma Acceleration”
Keywords: laser wakefield acceleration, レーザー航跡場加速, laser-plasma accelerator, レーザープラズマ加速器, flying focus, フライングフォーカス, dephasing, デフェージング, 位相ずれ, plasma wave, プラズマ波, spatiotemporal control, 時空間制御, MTW-OPAL, NSF OPAL, compact accelerator, 小型加速器, electron beam, 電子ビーム, University of Rochester, LLE, Nature Physics, 物理学, physics
If you want to switch superconductivity off in a small region of a circuit, the standard tool is a ferromagnet: its exchange field breaks Cooper pairs. But ferromagnets bring baggage — magnetic hysteresis, stray fields that disturb neighbouring elements, and sensitivity to external magnetic fields. In a densely packed quantum circuit that is a serious liability.
A team led by Tomoteru Fukumura at Tohoku University grew bilayers of two simple rocksalt oxides by pulsed laser deposition: lanthanum monoxide (LaO), a superconductor, capped with cerium monoxide (CeO), a non-magnetic heavy-fermion material. They found that CeO exerts an exceptionally strong pair-breaking proximity effect on the adjacent LaO despite having no ferromagnetism at all. A few nanometres of CeO fully suppress superconductivity in LaO layers up to 20 nm thick. Because nothing magnetic is involved, the junction is insensitive to magnetic history and to external fields, and it does not disturb neighbouring devices — which makes it attractive as a way to turn superconductivity off in one specific area of a superconducting micro/nano-device, a high-density quantum circuit, or a quantum-computer platform. ACS Nano, 10 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文: M. Sekine et al., “Fully Suppressed Superconductivity in Nonferromagnetic Heavy Fermion/Superconductor Bilayers: Rocksalt-type CeO/LaO,” ACS Nano (2026), DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6c00792
Press release / 発表: 東北大学大学院理学研究科「ナノ厚の非磁性体が超伝導を抑制する現象を発見」(2026年7月10日)
Keywords: superconductivity, 超伝導, proximity effect, 近接効果, pair breaking, 対破壊, heavy fermion, 重い電子系, CeO, LaO, rocksalt, 岩塩構造, pulsed laser deposition, パルスレーザー堆積, thin film, 薄膜, nonmagnetic, 非磁性, superconducting device, 超伝導デバイス, quantum circuit, 量子回路, superconducting spintronics, 超伝導スピントロニクス, Tohoku University, 東北大学, ACS Nano, 物理学, physics
Atom interferometers are among the most sensitive quantum sensors, and in the persistent microgravity of orbit their free-fall (interrogation) times can be extended far beyond what gravity allows on Earth — promising sharper tests of fundamental physics, navigation and Earth observation. The catch is that a spacecraft vibrates, and those vibrations normally swamp the delicate matter-wave signal.
An international consortium — including the Theoretical Quantum Optics group of Enno Giese (TU Darmstadt), with Matthias Meister, Naceur Gaaloul, Nicholas P. Bigelow and colleagues — ran a differential Bose–Einstein-condensate interferometer in NASA’s Cold Atom Lab (CAL) aboard the International Space Station. By comparing two spatially separated Mach–Zehnder interferometers made of condensed rubidium atoms, common noise such as laser-phase and vibrational noise cancels out, so the device measures magnetic fields precisely even under ISS conditions. The same sequences let the team infer curvatures of the magnetic field, and comparing magnetically sensitive versus insensitive atomic states confirmed the measured forces were genuinely magnetic. It is the first demonstration of space-based magnetometry with a condensate interferometer, a milestone toward orbital quantum sensors for geophysics and searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. Published in Nature Communications, 11 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): M. Meister, … N. P. Bigelow et al., “Magnetometry with a space-based differential atom interferometer,” Nature Communications 17, 6089 (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-75230-2
Details / 詳細: TU Darmstadt, “Measuring Magnetic Fields in Orbit” (2026)
Keywords: atom interferometer, 原子干渉計, quantum sensor, 量子センサー, Cold Atom Lab, 冷却原子研究所, CAL, ISS, International Space Station, 国際宇宙ステーション, Bose-Einstein condensate, ボース・アインシュタイン凝縮, magnetometry, 磁力計測, magnetic field curvature, 磁場曲率, differential interferometer, 差動干渉計, microgravity, 微小重力, vibration cancellation, 振動キャンセル, Enno Giese, Nicholas Bigelow, TU Darmstadt, Nature Communications, 物理学, physics
Twisted graphene multilayers host a zoo of strongly correlated phases — superconductivity, correlated insulators, magnetism — but how these signatures relate to one another, and to the underlying ground states, has stayed murky. Do superconductivity and the insulating states share a common microscopic origin, or are they distinct?
Jesse C. Hoke, Benjamin E. Feldman and colleagues (Stanford University) attacked the question by correlating local thermodynamic and transport measurements in a single twisted trilayer graphene device with unequal angles and flat bands. Using a scanning single-electron transistor to map the inverse electronic compressibility while simultaneously tracking transport, they find that gapped correlated-insulator states and asymmetric oscillations in the inverse compressibility both show pronounced electron–hole asymmetry, with distinct “magic” angles for the conduction and valence bands. Crucially, superconductivity coincides with the characteristic compressibility oscillations, yet remains independent of the correlated insulating phases. The work cleanly separates which signatures of strong interactions are tied to superconductivity and which are not, sharpening the picture of unconventional pairing in moiré graphene. Published in Nature Nanotechnology.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): J. C. Hoke et al., “Link between thermodynamic correlation signatures and superconductivity in twisted trilayer graphene,” Nature Nanotechnology 21, 772–778 (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41565-026-02155-8
Keywords: twisted trilayer graphene, ねじれ三層グラフェン, moiré, モアレ, superconductivity, 超伝導, correlated insulator, 相関絶縁体, electronic compressibility, 電子圧縮率, scanning single-electron transistor, 走査型単電子トランジスタ, magic angle, マジック角, flat band, フラットバンド, electron-hole asymmetry, 電子正孔非対称, strongly correlated, 強相関, unconventional superconductivity, 非従来型超伝導, Benjamin Feldman, Stanford, Nature Nanotechnology, 物理学, physics
More than half a century ago, Roger Penrose proposed that energy could be extracted from a spinning black hole: a particle entering the ergosphere splits, one fragment falls in and the other escapes with more energy than it arrived with. Yakov Zel’dovich soon extended the idea to waves — a wave hitting a fast enough rotating body should be amplified. This rotational super-radiance had been seen in the lab only with physically spinning objects (a water vortex in 2017, an acoustic disc in 2020), which caps how fast the rotation can be.
Hadiseh Nasari, Hady Moussa, Yoshiaki Kasahara, Arno Thielens and Andrea Alù (Advanced Science Research Center, CUNY Graduate Center) instead built a stationary ring of radio-frequency resonators whose electromagnetic properties are modulated in space and time, so that to an incoming wave the ring appears to rotate. This synthetic rotation is not limited by mechanical strength — the modulation pattern can even sweep round faster than light without anything material moving that fast. Electromagnetic waves carrying the right angular momentum drew energy from the synthetic rotation and emerged amplified, over a broad band and selectively by mode. The authors are careful that the device is not a one-to-one mechanical analogue of Penrose’s scenario, but it is driven by the same thermodynamic logic, and notably the analysis shows that loss helps rather than hinders the effect. Published in Nature on 8 July 2026; broad coverage followed around 11–12 July.
Journal article / 論文: H. Nasari, H. Moussa, Y. Kasahara, A. Thielens, A. Alù, “Observation of Floquet rotational super-radiance,” Nature (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10725-y
Press release / プレスリリース: CUNY ASRC, “A Black Hole Theory Comes to Life in the Lab” (8 July 2026)
Keywords: Penrose process, ペンローズ過程, Zeldovich, ゼルドビッチ, superradiance, スーパーラジアンス, ergosphere, エルゴ領域, Floquet, フロケ, synthetic rotation, 合成回転, time modulation, 時間変調, metamaterial, メタマテリアル, wave amplification, 波の増幅, angular momentum, 角運動量, Andrea Alu, CUNY, Nature, ブラックホール, black hole, 物理学, physics
The humble diffusion equation (Fick’s law) is a workhorse of physics, yet in relativistic hydrodynamics it is a textbook villain: because it is parabolic, its Green function has Gaussian tails reaching to infinity (apparent instantaneous propagation), and under a Lorentz boost it develops exponentially growing modes, making the boosted problem unstable and ill-posed. The standard reading is that diffusion is fundamentally incompatible with special relativity, prompting decades of “fixes” that replace it with hyperbolic equations.
Lorenzo Gavassino (Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge) argues this reading is simply wrong. He proves that any smooth, sufficiently localized solution of the diffusion equation is the particle density of an exact solution of the relativistic Vlasov–Fokker–Planck (VFP) equation — establishing a causal, stable and thermodynamically consistent relativistic kinetic theory whose hydrodynamic sector is governed exactly by diffusion at all wavelengths. The notorious unstable modes, he shows, live outside the space of solutions that embed into kinetic theory, so their existence does not signal any failure of diffusion; and apparent causality violations vanish once “signals” are defined via the underlying microscopic data. The result rehabilitates the simplest dissipative equation in a fully relativistic setting. Published in Physical Review Letters, 8 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): L. Gavassino, “Diffusion Equation is Compatible with Special Relativity,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 022302 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/rkz9-xps2
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2601.19464
Keywords: diffusion equation, 拡散方程式, special relativity, 特殊相対論, Fick's law, フィックの法則, relativistic hydrodynamics, 相対論的流体力学, Vlasov-Fokker-Planck, ヴラソフ・フォッカー・プランク, kinetic theory, 運動論, causality, 因果律, stability, 安定性, parabolic equation, 放物型方程式, Lorentz boost, ローレンツ変換, dissipation, 散逸, Lorenzo Gavassino, University of Cambridge, DAMTP, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Massive objects in spatial superposition could probe the elusive interface between quantum mechanics and gravity, and cold-atom interferometers are a promising platform thanks to long matter-wave coherence and fine control. But generating such superpositions beyond a single atom has been hard: heavier objects should tunnel exponentially less, so mass and quantum coherence seem to work against each other.
Han Zhang, Yong-Kui Wang, Yi Zheng, Hai-Tao Bai and Bing Yang (Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen) report the scalable creation of high-mass spatial entanglement via quantum tunneling of ultracold atoms in an optical superlattice split into double-well units. When seven atoms bind together, the cluster tunnels as a single composite object of mass 608 amu through a barrier much higher than its kinetic energy, generating a spatially distributed Schrödinger cat state. By fully controlling the model parameters they enter a regime where the tunneling strength is nearly independent of mass, sidestepping the usual suppression, and they build an interferometer to certify the entanglement and perform quantum-enhanced measurements. The approach opens a scalable route toward ever more massive superpositions relevant to laboratory tests of quantum gravity. Published in Nature Physics (11 May 2026); highlighted in a July 2026 News & Views.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): H. Zhang, Y.-K. Wang, Y. Zheng, H.-T. Bai & B. Yang, “Scalable generation of massive Schrödinger cat states via quantum tunnelling,” Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03281-9
News & Views / 解説: S. Haine, Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03366-5
Keywords: Schrödinger cat state, シュレディンガーの猫状態, macroscopic superposition, 巨視的重ね合わせ, quantum tunneling, 量子トンネリング, ultracold atoms, 超冷却原子, optical lattice, 光格子, bound cluster, 束縛クラスター, spatial entanglement, 空間もつれ, cold-atom interferometer, 冷却原子干渉計, quantum gravity, 量子重力, 608 amu, Bing Yang, SUSTech, 南方科技大学, Nature Physics, 物理学, physics
A lawn sprinkler spins because water jets out of its curved arms — a rotating rocket. But what happens if you run it backwards, sucking water in? Richard Feynman’s account of his own failed attempts made the question famous, and for over a century two rival explanations competed: Ernst Mach’s swirl inside the device, and an outer-flow account associated with Feynman.
A team led by Leif Ristroph (Courant Institute, New York University), with Brennan Sprinkle (Colorado School of Mines), built custom sprinklers modelled on the looping, twisting shapes of children’s “silly sprinklers” — the odd geometries were the experimental variable. Each device was run both forward and in reverse while the team simultaneously measured rotation, the internal and external flow fields, and the torque when the sprinkler was held still. Across every geometry, the rotation was governed by the momentum flux — the angular momentum carried by the fluid jets themselves — and both classical theories were ruled out. The reverse sprinkler behaves as an “inside-out rocket”, its jets firing inside the central chamber, which is why an earlier study by the same group found it turns roughly 50 times more slowly than the forward version. Beyond settling the puzzle, the result sharpens how engineers predict the forces flowing fluids exert on structures such as turbines. Published in PNAS, 13 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文: L. Ristroph et al., “Geometry controls momentum flux in the sprinkler problem,” PNAS (2026), DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2537479123
Press release / プレスリリース: New York University, “Researchers Put ‘Silly Sprinklers’ in Reverse to Further Unravel Decades-Old Physics Puzzle” (13 July 2026)
Keywords: Feynman sprinkler, ファインマンのスプリンクラー, reverse sprinkler, 逆向きスプリンクラー, momentum flux, 運動量流束, angular momentum, 角運動量, fluid dynamics, 流体力学, torque, トルク, Ernst Mach, マッハ, Leif Ristroph, NYU, Courant Institute, turbine, タービン, PNAS, 物理学, physics
Complex numbers sit at the heart of quantum mechanics: a state’s amplitude is the real part, its phase the imaginary part. Whether that i is a fact about nature or a convenient bookkeeping device is an old argument. A 2021 Nature paper (Renou et al., 600, 625) appeared to settle it, showing complex numbers are indispensable under the standard postulates — and experiments backed that up.
Pedro Barrios Hita, Anton Trushechkin, Hermann Kampermann, Michael Epping and Dagmar Bruß (Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, with the German Aerospace Center DLR) point out that the 2021 result rests on one specific postulate: the mathematical rule for composing subsystems (the tensor product). They argue this postulate is too restrictive and propose a physically motivated alternative. With that replacement, they identify a class of theories written entirely in real numbers that remain experimentally indistinguishable from standard quantum mechanics — including the multiparticle cases that defeated earlier attempts, where the trick is to carry a “flag” tracking what the imaginary part used to hold and to treat certain flag combinations as physically identical. Bruß puts it plainly: both frameworks give identical predictions for any conceivable experiment. Published in Physical Review Letters on 18 June 2026 and highlighted by APS Physics; the story circulated widely in the second week of July 2026.
Journal article / 論文: P. Barrios Hita, A. Trushechkin, H. Kampermann, M. Epping, D. Bruß, “Quantum Mechanics Based on Real Numbers: A Consistent Description,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 136 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/4k13-sdjh
Keywords: imaginary numbers, 虚数, complex numbers, 複素数, real quantum mechanics, 実数量子力学, tensor product, テンソル積, quantum foundations, 量子力学の基礎, postulates, 公理, Renou 2021, Dagmar Bruss, HHU Dusseldorf, DLR, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Standard quantum error correction spreads one logical qubit across many physical qubits, so that errors can be detected without disturbing the encoded information. It works, but the overhead is brutal — hundreds or thousands of physical qubits per useful logical one.
Kyle DeBry, Nadine Meister, John Chiaverini and colleagues at MIT and MIT Lincoln Laboratory demonstrated a complementary route that theory had proposed but nobody had built: error correction inside a single particle. A trapped atomic ion has many internal energy levels — it is naturally a qudit, not just a two-level qubit — and those extra levels can be used to encode one logical qubit with room left over for error syndromes. The hard part is measuring the error and applying the correction with high enough fidelity that the procedure helps rather than hurts. It does: the encoded qubit showed errors reduced by up to a factor of 2.2 and a lifetime extended by up to a factor of 1.5 compared with an unencoded qubit in the same ion. This is not a replacement for large-scale codes like the surface code; it is best understood as a hardware-efficient first line of defence that could sit underneath them and reduce the overhead. Open access in Nature Physics, 13 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文: K. DeBry, N. Meister, A. Valdes Martinez et al., “Error correction of a logical qubit encoded in a single atomic ion,” Nat. Phys. (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03315-2
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2503.13908
Keywords: quantum error correction, 量子誤り訂正, logical qubit, 論理量子ビット, qudit, クーディット, trapped ion, イオントラップ, metastable states, 準安定状態, hardware efficient, ハードウェア効率, overhead, オーバーヘッド, coherence time, コヒーレンス時間, fault tolerance, 誤り耐性, John Chiaverini, MIT, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Nature Physics, 物理学, physics
Bose–Einstein condensation is defined by the spontaneous emergence of coherence: a crowd of independent particles suddenly starts behaving as one quantum object with a single, well-defined global phase. Textbooks state this as a consequence of spontaneous symmetry breaking. Yet the moment of phase formation itself has been notoriously hard to watch, because most experimental signatures — interference fringes, supercurrents, Josephson oscillations — depend only on phase differences in space, not on the phase itself.
Researchers at RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau (Malte Koster, Matthias R. Schweizer, Alexander Serga, Burkard Hillebrands, Georg von Freymann) used a phase-referenced detection technique to track, in the time domain, the phase of a magnon Bose–Einstein condensate relative to an external reference. Magnons — the quanta of spin waves in a magnetic material such as yttrium iron garnet — condense at room temperature, which makes them an unusually convenient laboratory. The measurement showed an initially incoherent magnon gas thermalizing and then undergoing a spontaneous transition into a coherent state whose macroscopic phase is randomly chosen, independent of the microwave excitation that created the gas. That is direct evidence of spontaneous symmetry breaking in a quasiparticle condensate. Open access in Nature Physics, 13 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文: M. Koster, M. R. Schweizer, T. Noack et al., “Emergence of phase coherence in a magnon Bose–Einstein condensate,” Nat. Phys. (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03373-6
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2507.16862
Press / 報道: Phys.org, “Direct observation of spontaneous magnon coherence at room temperature” (2026)
Keywords: magnon, マグノン, spin wave, スピン波, Bose-Einstein condensate, ボースアインシュタイン凝縮, quasiparticle condensate, 準粒子凝縮, spontaneous symmetry breaking, 自発的対称性の破れ, global phase, 大域位相, phase coherence, 位相コヒーレンス, YIG, イットリウム鉄ガーネット, magnonics, マグノニクス, room temperature, 室温, RPTU, Kaiserslautern, Nature Physics, 物理学, physics
In 1818 Siméon Poisson tried to demolish Fresnel’s wave theory of light by pointing out an apparently absurd consequence: a circular obstacle should cast a shadow with a bright spot at its centre. Arago looked, the spot was there, and the wave theory won. Two centuries later that same bright spot has found a very modern job.
A team led by Nanyang Assistant Professor Yijie Shen at NTU Singapore, with first author Jun Yao, showed that simply shining a laser at a small circular disc produces optical skyrmions — tiny, topologically stable swirling textures in the properties of light, often compared to a hedgehog’s outward-pointing spines. Until now these had to be generated with expensive, precisely engineered metamaterials or nanofabricated structures. The surprise was that a single Poisson spot does not contain one skyrmion but four different kinds at once — spin, Stokes, electric-field and magnetic-field skyrmions — coexisting in the same point of light. That “four-in-one” character makes the setup a natural laboratory for studying how different optical skyrmions form, vary and interact within a single field. Because skyrmions are topologically robust, they are candidates for future data storage, optical communications and light-based computing. Optica 13(6), 1184 (2026), published 18 June; widely covered in mid-July.
Journal article / 論文: J. Yao, X. Xie, Y. Meng, S. Sun, J. Hu, Y. Shen & Y. Yang, “Optical skyrmions in Poisson spots,” Optica 13(6), 1184 (2026), DOI: 10.1364/OPTICA.591840
Press release / 発表: NTU Singapore, “Creating complex light patterns using a two-century-old light phenomenon”
Keywords: optical skyrmion, 光スキルミオン, Poisson spot, ポワソンの明点, Arago spot, アラゴの明点, diffraction, 回折, topological photonics, トポロジカルフォトニクス, structured light, 構造化光, Stokes parameters, ストークスパラメータ, spin angular momentum, スピン角運動量, metamaterial, メタマテリアル, data storage, データストレージ, Yijie Shen, NTU Singapore, ナンヤン工科大学, Optica, 物理学, physics
Scientific discovery is an iterative loop of observation, analysis and hypothesis generation. Machine learning has been applied to individual pieces of this loop, but fully automating the heuristic, multi-step process of discovering the laws of an unknown system — without hand-tailoring the method to each task — has remained an open challenge.
Maximilian Nägele and Florian Marquardt (Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg) introduce sciexplorer, an agentic “artificial scientist” built on a large language model’s tool-use abilities. Given only a general task and a minimal set of generic, mostly code-execution tools — and no domain-specific blueprints — it autonomously assembles a heuristic workflow to explore systems that are initially unknown to it. Across a broad test suite spanning classical mechanical dynamics, wave evolution and quantum many-body physics, it performs impressively: recovering equations of motion from observed dynamics and inferring Hamiltonians from expectation values, all without fine-tuning or task-specific instructions. The result suggests generalist LLM agents can drive genuine open-ended scientific exploration beyond a single hard-coded domain. Published open access in Physical Review X (funded by the Max Planck Society), 8 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): M. Nägele & F. Marquardt, “Agentic Exploration of Physics Models,” Phys. Rev. X 16, 031002 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/xnqc-q6nt
Keywords: AI scientist, AI科学者, sciexplorer, large language model, 大規模言語モデル, LLM agent, LLMエージェント, agentic AI, エージェントAI, automated discovery, 自動発見, equations of motion, 運動方程式, Hamiltonian inference, ハミルトニアン推定, machine learning physics, 機械学習物理, quantum many-body, 量子多体, tool use, ツール使用, Florian Marquardt, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Physical Review X, 物理学, physics
Random motion through a crowded medium is shaped by obstacles. In the classic picture — the “ant in a labyrinth” with static obstacles — a sharp percolation threshold separates confined motion from free diffusion. But real tracers, from molecules in a cell to active colloids, can push what blocks them, and even minimal pushing was recently shown to change the physics qualitatively.
Ofek Lauber Bonomo (New York University / Tel Aviv University), Itamar Shitrit and Shlomi Reuveni (Tel Aviv University), and Sidney Redner (Santa Fe Institute) introduce the pushy random walk, in which a walker can displace multiple obstacles at once, penetrating large distances even at finite obstacle density — a more realistic model of experimentally observed tracer–medium interactions. Solving it reveals new diffusive and subdiffusive regimes in both one and two dimensions. In 2D, increasing the obstacle density drives a transition from free diffusion to localized behavior, where the walker becomes trapped inside a cavity whose radius grows subdiffusively in time. The minimal model clarifies how the ability to reshape one’s environment governs transport in crowded, disordered media. Published in Physical Review Letters.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): O. Lauber Bonomo, I. Shitrit, S. Reuveni & S. Redner, “Diffusion/Subdiffusion in the Pushy Random Walk,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 037101 (2026)
Preprint / プレプリント(全文): arXiv:2602.07387
Keywords: pushy random walk, プッシー・ランダムウォーク, Sokoban random walk, ソコバン・ランダムウォーク, random walk, ランダムウォーク, diffusion, 拡散, subdiffusion, 準拡散, percolation, パーコレーション, obstacles, 障害物, tracer, トレーサー, crowded media, 混雑媒質, transport, 輸送, statistical physics, 統計物理, Shlomi Reuveni, Sidney Redner, Tel Aviv University, Santa Fe Institute, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
A photon is a fundamental, indivisible quantum of light — you cannot cut one in half. Yet a photon is also an extended wave packet with a spatial profile. What happens if you try to truncate that wave with an ultrafast optical shutter?
Isak Cecil Onsager Rukan, Jan Gulla and Johannes Skaar (University of Oslo, Norway) rigorously modeled a single photon travelling toward a perfect mirror: the leading part of the wave reflects, then the mirror is suddenly removed so the rest passes through. The truncated result is neither another photon nor a simple mix of a photon and vacuum. Instead it is a superposition and mixture of photon numbers up to infinity — removing the mirror infinitely fast would, in the math, conjure an unbounded number of photons; removing it more slowly yields a possibility of several photons, with smaller numbers far more likely. The reason is that a sharp disturbance of the electromagnetic field can create new photons out of the vacuum. Strikingly, the authors show the state is locally equivalent to a single photon on one side of the shutter and to vacuum on the other, even though the global state spans zero to infinity. Published in Physical Review Letters; the team next hopes to extend the analysis to electrons and other wave-like particles.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): I. C. Onsager Rukan, J. Gulla & J. Skaar, “Truncated photon,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 033601 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/94pm-hp34
Explainer / 解説: APS Physics, “Cutting the Tail of a Photon” (15 July 2026)
Keywords: photon, 光子, single photon, 単一光子, wave packet, 波束, optical shutter, 光シャッター, quantum optics, 量子光学, quantum states of light, 光の量子状態, photon number superposition, 光子数の重ね合わせ, vacuum fluctuations, 真空ゆらぎ, local equivalence, 局所等価, University of Oslo, オスロ大学, Johannes Skaar, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
CP violation — the small difference in behaviour between matter and antimatter — is a cornerstone of the Standard Model and a key ingredient in explaining why the Universe is made of matter. Measuring it in as many decay channels as possible tests the internal consistency of the quark-mixing (CKM) picture.
The LHCb collaboration at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider reports the first observation of time-dependent CP violation in B0 → J/ψρ(770)0 decays, a process governed by a b → c̅cd quark transition. Using proton–proton collision data of about 6 fb−1 collected at 13 TeV in 2015–2018, they determine the CP-violation parameters 2βeff = 0.710 ± 0.084 ± 0.028 rad and |λ| = 1.019 ± 0.034 ± 0.009 (statistical and systematic uncertainties). This is the first time-dependent CP-violation observation in B-meson decays to charmonium final states mediated by b → c̅cd. Combined with related LHCb measurements and assuming approximate SU(3) flavour symmetry, the result helps pin down “penguin” contributions that can otherwise bias precision tests of the CKM angles. The findings are consistent with the Standard Model. Published in Physical Review Letters.
Journal article / 論文: LHCb Collaboration, “Observation of CP violation in B0 → J/ψρ(770)0 decays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 031803 (2026)
Preprint / プレプリント(全文): arXiv:2601.15646 (CERN-EP-2025-295, LHCb-PAPER-2025-059)
Keywords: CP violation, CP対称性の破れ, LHCb, LHC, Large Hadron Collider, 大型ハドロン衝突型加速器, CERN, セルン, B meson, B中間子, J/psi, ジェイプサイ, charmonium, チャーモニウム, CKM matrix, CKM行列, penguin contribution, ペンギン寄与, matter-antimatter asymmetry, 物質・反物質の非対称性, Standard Model, 標準模型, particle physics, 素粒子物理学, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
When light is absorbed in a uniform bulk semiconductor, it normally drives no net current without an applied field: photocarriers are injected with equal amounts of opposite momentum, which cancel. Quantum interference control (QUIC) breaks this symmetry by interfering different absorption pathways — in the basic case one-photon and two-photon absorption, driven by a beam at frequency ω and its second harmonic 2ω — injecting a net directional photocurrent whose direction is set by the relative optical phase.
Yiming Gong, Kai Wang and Steven T. Cundiff (University of Michigan) show that pushing to higher-order interference — between two-photon and three-photon absorption — makes the injected current far more directional, producing a narrow “beam” of photocurrent pointing in a specified direction. Because that direction is fixed by the polarizations and relative phases of the driving light, the beam can be optically steered — swept around like the rotating beam of a lighthouse, hence an “electron lighthouse.” The scheme offers all-optical, ultrafast control over the direction of charge flow in a semiconductor, with potential relevance for optoelectronics and on-chip current shaping. In the accompanying experiments, an ohmic-contact AlGaAs device interfering two-photon (1040 nm) and three-photon (1560 nm) absorption pathways demonstrated the directional current, with angular localization matching the theoretical predictions of Sipe and co-workers. Published in Physical Review Letters.
Journal article / 論文: Y. Gong, K. Wang & S. T. Cundiff, “Directional Photocurrent Generated by Quantum Interference Control,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 036901 (2026)
Primary source / 一次ソース: Y. Gong, K. Wang & S. T. Cundiff, “Directional Photocurrent Generated by Quantum Interference Control,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 036901 (2026), published 16 July 2026, DOI: 10.1103/3v91-5pzf
Preprint / プレプリント(全文): arXiv:2511.05318
Keywords: quantum interference control, 量子干渉制御, QUIC, directional photocurrent, 指向性光電流, electron lighthouse, 電子の灯台, second harmonic, 第2高調波, semiconductor, 半導体, ultrafast optics, 超高速光学, optoelectronics, オプトエレクトロニクス, Steven Cundiff, University of Michigan, ミシガン大学, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Mössbauer nuclei (such as 57Fe) have extraordinarily narrow X-ray resonances, prized for ultra-precise metrology, nuclear inelastic scattering and nuclear quantum optics. But exploiting them demands X-ray sources with exceptionally high peak and average spectral flux — a long-standing bottleneck.
Ze-an Peng, Christoph H. Keitel and Jörg Evers (Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg) introduce a superradiant parametric Mössbauer radiation (SPMR) source. It uses spatially microstructured (microbunched) electron bunches — of the kind produced in X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) accelerators — scattering on crystals. The spatial structuring makes the radiation from different electrons add up coherently, boosting the Mössbauer signal by many orders of magnitude, and the optimum lies at qualitatively different operating conditions than previously assumed. For a focused electron beam with parameters based on the European XFEL, the scheme predicts more than 900 SPMR photons per pulse in the 57Fe Mössbauer resonance. This opens new opportunities for precision metrology and for hard-X-ray pump–probe spectroscopy that exploits the XFEL’s electron and photon beams in parallel. Published in Physical Review Letters (with a companion paper in Physical Review A).
Journal article / 論文: Z.-A. Peng, C. H. Keitel & J. Evers, “Superradiant Parametric Mössbauer Radiation Source,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 035001 (2026)
Keywords: Mössbauer effect, メスバウアー効果, Mössbauer nuclei, メスバウアー核, iron-57, 鉄57, X-ray free-electron laser, X線自由電子レーザー, XFEL, European XFEL, ヨーロッパXFEL, superradiance, 超放射, parametric radiation, パラメトリック放射, microbunching, マイクロバンチ, nuclear quantum optics, 核量子光学, precision metrology, 精密計測, Max Planck Institute, マックス・プランク研究所, Jörg Evers, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Rare flavour-changing neutral-current (FCNC) decays such as b → sℓ+ℓ− are strongly suppressed in the Standard Model, because they cannot occur at tree level. That suppression makes them exceptionally sensitive probes: any anomaly could signal new particles or forces beyond the Standard Model.
The LHCb collaboration reports the first measurement of time-dependent CP violation in the FCNC decay B0 → K0Sμ+μ−. Performing a flavour-tagged, time-dependent analysis across the full dimuon mass range (excluding the J/ψ and ψ(2S) resonance regions), using 9 fb−1 of proton–proton collisions at 7, 8 and 13 TeV (2011–2018), they obtain the CP parameters C = −0.13 ± 0.32 ± 0.04 and S = +0.82 ± 0.29 ± 0.05 (statistical and systematic uncertainties). The results are consistent with the Standard Model, and this constitutes the first experimental study of time-dependent CP violation in b → sℓ+ℓ− processes — a new window on a class of rare decays long watched for hints of new physics. Published in Physical Review Letters.
Preprint / プレプリント(一次ソース・全文): LHCb Collaboration, “First measurement of time-dependent CP violation in the flavour-changing neutral-current decay B0 → K0Sμ+μ−,” arXiv:2603.13223 (Phys. Rev. Lett.)
Keywords: CP violation, CP対称性の破れ, flavour-changing neutral current, フレーバー変換中性カレント, FCNC, b to s ll, LHCb, LHC, CERN, セルン, B meson, B中間子, rare decay, 希少崩壊, beyond Standard Model, 標準模型を超える物理, new physics, 新物理, CKM, particle physics, 素粒子物理学, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Unlike Earth, Mars never developed plate tectonics — the main engine that reworks and chemically differentiates our planet’s crust. How, then, did Mars build the chemically evolved crust hinted at by earlier data? A mineral-physics reinterpretation of seismic records now offers an answer.
Researchers led by the University of Oxford (T. Mackay-Champion, M. Anderson Loake, R. Palin and colleagues) analysed seismic data from NASA’s InSight lander (operational 2018–2022) using phase-equilibrium modelling, petrophysics and Bayesian statistics. They interpret a long-puzzling intracrustal seismic discontinuity at ~24 km as a transition from mafic to ultramafic rock, with the lowermost layer being a ~14-km-thick melt-depleted cumulate zone sitting above the crust–mantle boundary at ~38 km. Thermal modelling shows such a melt-depleted layer could not have formed at ambient temperatures; it requires elevated heat flow, most likely from mantle upwelling and magmatic intrusion. Together with prior evidence for evolved melts, this indicates Mars once hosted vertically integrated, transcrustal magmatic systems akin to those beneath Earth’s volcanoes — showing that Earth-like crustal differentiation can occur even on a “stagnant-lid” planet without plate tectonics. Published in Nature Astronomy.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): T. Mackay-Champion, M. Anderson Loake, R. Palin et al., “Seismic evidence for a melt-depleted lower crust and transcrustal magmatism on Mars,” Nat. Astron. (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41550-026-02907-5
Explainer / 解説: APS Physics, “Evidence Builds for Martian Magma Chambers” (15 July 2026)
Keywords: Mars, 火星, InSight, インサイト, marsquake, 火震, seismology, 地震学, crust, 地殻, mantle, マントル, transcrustal magmatism, トランスクラスタル・マグマ系, magma chamber, マグマ溜まり, mafic, 苦鉄質, ultramafic, 超苦鉄質, plate tectonics, プレートテクトニクス, stagnant lid, スタグナントリッド, planetary science, 惑星科学, mineral physics, 鉱物物理, University of Oxford, オックスフォード大学, Nature Astronomy, 物理学, physics
Modern neutrino detectors are built by segmentation: a large volume is chopped into millions of small sensitive elements. A T2K-style scintillator detector can involve two million cubes and tens of thousands of optical fibres — a manufacturing and readout nightmare that limits how big such devices can get.
Till Dieminger, Davide Sgalaberna and colleagues (ETH Zurich and EPFL, within the Swiss National Science Foundation’s PLATON project) propose replacing the segmentation with optics. Their demonstrator is a single block of unsegmented scintillator viewed by a plenoptic (light-field) camera: a micro-lens array from Raytrix mounted directly onto SwissSPAD2, a single-photon avalanche diode imaging sensor developed at EPFL, with each micro-lens acting as a tiny camera so that intensity and direction of the scintillation light can be reconstructed. Gated detection windows suppress background counts, and a transformer-based neural network handles the reconstruction. In the lab the team reconstructed the positions of electrons from a strontium source; simulations of the upgraded design indicate neutrino-track resolution down to about 200 µm, without cryogenics and with far easier scaling. Spin-offs include sharper PET medical imaging. Published in Nature Communications; coverage resurged around 16–17 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文: T. Dieminger et al., “An ultrafast plenoptic-camera system for high-resolution 3D particle tracking in unsegmented scintillators,” Nature Communications (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-70918-x
Press release / プレスリリース: ETH Zurich Department of Physics, “Neutrinos caught on camera”
Keywords: PLATON, plenoptic camera, プレノプティックカメラ, light field camera, ライトフィールドカメラ, SPAD, SwissSPAD2, scintillator, シンチレータ, neutrino detector, ニュートリノ検出器, dark matter, ダークマター, particle tracking, 飛跡再構成, micro-lens array, マイクロレンズアレイ, deep learning, 深層学習, PET, ETH Zurich, EPFL, Nature Communications, 物理学, physics
Device-independent (DI) certification verifies a quantum system based only on observed measurement statistics — without any assumption about the internal workings of the devices. Its strongest form, self-testing, has been developed for a wide range of quantum states and measurements, but self-testing of quantum operations (the gates that actually process information) had remained underdeveloped.
This work shows, in a proof-of-principle way, that any quantum unitary gate can be self-tested within the DI paradigm. The key is to embed the operation in a quantum network with multiple independent sources, whose correlations pin down the gate from data alone (up to the trivial equivalences inherent in self-testing). The result is a fundamental step toward certifying quantum interactions directly from measurement outcomes, with no detailed modelling assumptions. Beyond foundations, it supplies a crucial ingredient for quantum computation: verifying that quantum gates perform as intended is essential for building secure and reliable quantum processors. Published in Physical Review Letters.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): “Any Unitary Gate Can Be Certified Device-Independently in a Quantum Network,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 030802 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/m1tx-9mx1
Keywords: device-independent, 装置に依存しない, DI certification, セルフテスト, self-testing, quantum network, 量子ネットワーク, unitary gate, ユニタリゲート, quantum operation, 量子演算, quantum information, 量子情報, quantum computing, 量子コンピュータ, Bell nonlocality, ベル非局所性, entanglement, もつれ, verification, 検証, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Millicharged particles (mCPs) — hypothetical particles carrying a tiny fraction of the electron’s charge — appear in many extensions of the Standard Model and are a candidate for part of the dark matter. A terrestrial population of slow, room-temperature mCPs could build up if they are a dark-matter subcomponent, or if they are light enough to be produced in cosmic-ray air showers.
Asher Berlin, Zachary Bogorad (Fermilab / SQMS), Peter W. Graham (Stanford) and Harikrishnan Ramani (University of Delaware) show that the classic Cavendish tests of Coulomb’s law, refined since the late 18th century, act as both quasistatic accumulators and detectors for such a millicharge overdensity. Reinterpreting these decades- and centuries-old experiments already yields some of the strongest bounds on a terrestrial mCP population. They further propose surrounding the Cavendish setup with an additional charged shell; a companion paper shows that such an electrified shell (e.g. a Van de Graaff generator) acts as an efficient accumulator, amplifying the local mCP density by up to ~12 orders of magnitude — enough to probe the irreducible flux from cosmic rays and, for sub-GeV masses, to outperform future accelerator searches using decades-old technology. Published in Physical Review Letters (with a companion in Physical Review D), and featured in an APS Physics Focus story.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): A. Berlin, Z. Bogorad, P. W. Graham, and H. Ramani, “Cavendish Tests of Millicharged Particles,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 021804 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/83fd-mnpk
Companion paper / 姉妹論文: A. Berlin, Z. Bogorad, P. W. Graham, and H. Ramani, “Electric Accumulation of Millicharged Particles,” Phys. Rev. D 114, 015016 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/gj7k-9wkr
Explainer / 解説: APS Physics, “A Simple Search for Tiny Charges” (July 2026)
Keywords: millicharged particle, ミリチャージ粒子, fractional charge, 分数電荷, dark matter, ダークマター, 暗黒物質, Coulomb's law, クーロンの法則, Cavendish experiment, キャベンディッシュ実験, dark photon, ダークフォトン, kinetic mixing, 運動学的混合, cosmic rays, 宇宙線, hypothetical particles, 仮説上の粒子, 未発見粒子, Fermilab, フェルミ研究所, Stanford, スタンフォード, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
When two neutron stars merge, their ejecta forge many of the universe’s heaviest elements via the rapid neutron-capture process (r-process) — the origin of gold, platinum and more — and briefly shine as a kilonova. But the late-time (~10–20 day) infrared glow of well-studied kilonovae such as AT2017gfo (from GW170817) and AT2023vfi had resisted simple explanation.
A team led by Nanae Domoto (University of Tokyo) presents a model in which the puzzling late infrared emission arises from r-process heavy elements condensing into solid dust grains in the cooler, slower outer layers of the ejecta. As the material cools, grain formation begins around 10 days after the merger, first in the outer layers, and the resulting dust naturally reproduces the observed infrared excess. If confirmed, kilonova dust formation would add a new ingredient to models of heavy-element nucleosynthesis and to how mergers enrich galaxies — and could sharpen the interpretation of future kilonova spectra from gravitational-wave follow-up. Posted as a preprint (arXiv).
Preprint / プレプリント(一次ソース): N. Domoto et al., “Heavy element dust explains the late-time spectra of kilonovae,” arXiv:2607.00433 (2026), DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2607.00433
Explainer / 解説: Phys.org, “Heavy-element exotic dust may solve a neutron star merger mystery” (14 July 2026)
Keywords: kilonova, キロノバ, neutron star merger, 中性子星合体, r-process, r過程, nucleosynthesis, 元素合成, heavy elements, 重元素, dust grains, ダスト, 塵, AT2017gfo, AT2023vfi, GW170817, gravitational waves, 重力波, ejecta, 放出物, infrared, 赤外線, University of Tokyo, 東京大学, astrophysics, 天体物理学, 物理学, physics
The second law says total entropy tends to increase. Yet cosmic history has produced ever more structure — galaxies, stars, planets, life. Reconciling the two is a long-standing puzzle in cosmology.
Ginestra Bianconi (School of Mathematical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London) approaches it through her “Gravity from Entropy” framework, in which the action for gravity is the geometric quantum relative entropy between the metric of spacetime and the metric induced by the matter fields — gravity as a running measure of information rather than a built-in force. In this new paper she works out the theory’s thermodynamics, assigning a temperature and pressure even to empty four-dimensional spacetime and showing it obeys its own first law. The key cosmological result: while the total entropy of the universe increases with time, the entropy per unit volume decreases, leaving room for structure and complexity to grow without violating the second law. The framework reduces to Einstein’s equations at low energy and reproduces the black-hole area law and de Sitter entropy, but it remains a self-consistent mathematical proposal: as of July 2026 no comparison against cosmological or gravitational-wave data has been published, and the author points to expansion measurements and gravitational waves as where it must eventually be tested. Published in Physical Review D, 16 July 2026; covered 17–18 July.
Journal article / 論文: G. Bianconi, “Thermodynamics of the gravity from entropy theory,” Phys. Rev. D 114, 024042 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/26kn-thgp
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2510.22545
Keywords: gravity from entropy, エントロピーからの重力, quantum relative entropy, 量子相対エントロピー, entropic quantum gravity, エントロピー的量子重力, second law of thermodynamics, 熱力学第二法則, cosmic structure, 宇宙の構造形成, dark energy, ダークエネルギー, area law, 面積則, de Sitter entropy, Ginestra Bianconi, Queen Mary University of London, Physical Review D, 物理学, physics
Energy and information inevitably leak from a quantum system into its environment. That leakage — dissipation — is normally the enemy of quantum technology. The usual way to distribute entanglement is to prepare objects in one place and then transport them, and, as Wolfgang Pfaff (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign) notes, transport is exactly where environmental noise spoils the carefully prepared state.
A collaboration between Illinois and the University of Chicago realised a theoretical prediction in which an externally driven quantum system reaches entanglement through dissipation rather than despite it. Two qubits coupled to a unidirectional (cascaded) waveguide are driven continuously and settle into an entangled steady state that the drive and the engineered decay maintain autonomously — no transport step, and no need to re-prepare the state after each use. The original prediction relied on highly idealised assumptions; the experiment shows it survives in a real superconducting-circuit network, pointing toward modular quantum computers and networks whose separated units share entanglement as a stabilised resource. Published in Physical Review X and featured as a Viewpoint in APS Physics; announced 15–17 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文: “Autonomous stabilization of remote entanglement in a cascaded quantum network,” Phys. Rev. X (2026), DOI: 10.1103/z6zz-vw5q
Press release / プレスリリース: Illinois Quantum Information Science and Technology Center (IQUIST), “Entanglement over large separations because of, not despite dissipation” (15 July 2026)
Keywords: entanglement, もつれ, 量子もつれ, dissipation, 散逸, ディシパション, reservoir engineering, リザバー工学, cascaded quantum network, カスケード量子ネットワーク, waveguide QED, 導波路QED, superconducting qubit, 超伝導量子ビット, steady state, 定常状態, quantum network, 量子ネットワーク, Wolfgang Pfaff, University of Illinois, University of Chicago, Physical Review X, 物理学, physics
Ancient star catalogues have an awkward entry. Hipparchus (c. 129 BC), Ptolemy (137 AD) and al-Sufi (964 AD) all list Theta Eridani among the very brightest stars in their sky. Today it is an unremarkable V = 2.9 object. For over a century the discrepancy was explained away: confusion with the far brighter Alpha Eridani (Achernar), a copying error, or over-correction for atmospheric extinction at low altitude.
Idel Waisberg (independent researcher) and Boaz Katz (Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science) argue the ancient observers were simply right. Ruling out each mundane explanation in turn, they conclude the star was visually brighter by roughly a factor of ten to twelve (V ≈ 0.2) between about 2,000 and 1,000 years ago. Characterising the system — a triple, whose inner pair is a close, mildly eccentric binary of about 2.3 + 2.2 solar masses with a semi-major axis near 0.083 AU — they propose the brightening was a “millenary transient” powered by orbital-energy extraction during a long-lived common-envelope, Roche-lobe-overflow phase as the primary finished core hydrogen burning. Posted to arXiv on 29 June 2026; picked up by the science press through mid-July, with fresh coverage on 19 July.
Press / 報道: Phys.org, “A century-old stellar mystery may finally have an explanation” (19 July 2026)
Keywords: Theta Eridani, エリダヌス座シータ星, Hipparchus, ヒッパルコス, Ptolemy, プトレマイオス, al-Sufi, アルスーフィー, stellar transient, 天体トランジェント, common envelope, 共通外層, Roche lobe overflow, ロッシュローブオーバーフロー, binary star, 連星, historical astronomy, 古天文学, Weizmann Institute, arXiv, 天体物理学, astrophysics, 物理学, physics
Type Ia supernovae come from white dwarfs in binaries and serve as cosmological distance indicators, which makes the subluminous, fast-declining “1991bg-like” subclass worth pinning down: these events are dimmer and redder than normal SNe Ia and fade quickly.
An international team led by M. Kopsacheili, with L. Galbany, G. Folatelli, M. M. Phillips and some 30 co-authors, presents follow-up observations of SN 2023vjh in the elliptical galaxy MCG+04-10-013. Its light-curve shape parameters (Δm15(B) = 1.89 ± 0.01 mag, sBV = 0.45 ± 0.03) place it firmly among fast-declining, subluminous SNe Ia. Near-peak spectra show strong Si II, Ca II and Ti II, indicating a cool photosphere and putting the event in the “cool” and extreme-cool regions of the standard classification diagrams; measured expansion velocities and pseudo-equivalent widths confirm it is an extremely cool event, with relatively large reddening of 0.2–0.35 mag. Three late-phase near-infrared spectra show the Ca II NIR triplet plus Fe II and Co II, but no obvious H-band break. Although it falls in the same regions as other well-studied 91bg-like supernovae, SN 2023vjh deviates within the class — notably in being unusually faint. Posted to arXiv on 9 July 2026 and covered on 19 July.
Press / 報道: Phys.org, “Observations investigate the nature of a peculiar supernova” (19 July 2026)
Keywords: SN 2023vjh, Type Ia supernova, Ia型超新星, 1991bg-like, 低光度超新星, subluminous, white dwarf, 白色矮星, light curve, 光度曲線, photosphere, 光球, Si II, Ca II, Ti II, near-infrared spectroscopy, 近赤外分光, reddening, 赤化, MCG+04-10-013, Kopsacheili, arXiv, 天体物理学, astrophysics, 物理学, physics
When a high-energy photon, electron or ion strikes a molecule, everything that follows — charge migration, bond breaking, fragmentation — begins with electron motion on the attosecond timescale (1 as = 10−18 s). Because this “impulsive ionization” happens faster than nuclei can respond, its earliest dynamics have been extremely hard to observe directly.
Taran Driver, Zhaoheng Guo, James P. Cryan and colleagues used attosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy at an X-ray free-electron laser to track the response dynamics of ionized para-aminophenol. By probing a core-level transition with an attosecond X-ray pulse after impulsive ionization, the team followed how the remaining electrons rearrange themselves around the newly created hole. The work provides a direct experimental window on the very first femtoseconds — and sub-femtoseconds — after a molecule is ionized, a regime that until now was mostly the domain of theory. Published in Nature Physics on 20 July 2026; an accompanying Research Briefing appeared on 22 July.
Primary source / 一次ソース: T. Driver, Z. Guo, … J. P. Cryan, “Attosecond response of molecules to impulsive ionization,” Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03360-x
Research Briefing / 解説: “Capturing the first moments after high-energy molecular impact,” Nature Physics Research Briefing (22 July 2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03361-w
Keywords: attosecond, アト秒, X-ray free-electron laser, X線自由電子レーザー, XFEL, impulsive ionization, 衝撃的イオン化, para-aminophenol, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X線吸収分光, charge migration, 電荷移動, ultrafast, 超高速, Cryan, Driver, Nature Physics, 物理学, physics
Sugars are central to prebiotic chemistry: ribose forms the backbone of RNA, and simple sugars are plausible feedstocks for the chemistry that preceded life. Whether such molecules can form in space — rather than only on planetary surfaces — bears directly on how life’s ingredients are delivered to young worlds.
A team led by Izaskun Jiménez-Serra (Centre for Astrobiology, CAB / CSIC-INTA, Spain) now reports the first detection of a sugar in the interstellar medium: erythrulose, a chiral four-carbon ketose (C4H8O4). The detection was made toward the Galactic Centre molecular cloud G+0.693−0.027 through ultrasensitive, broadband spectral surveys with the Yebes 40 m and IRAM 30 m telescopes, with 12 emission lines matching laboratory spectra. Erythrulose appears to be at least eight times more abundant than the analogous three-carbon sugars, which remain undetected in the same data; quantum-chemical and astrochemical models indicate it forms efficiently on interstellar dust grains from simpler two-carbon aldehydes and alcohols. With 14 atoms it is the largest non-cyclic species identified in the interstellar medium so far, and only the second chiral molecule ever reported there — chirality being one of the outstanding puzzles of origin-of-life research. Published online in Nature Astronomy on 14 July 2026; a News & Views followed on 20 July.
Primary source / 一次ソース: I. Jiménez-Serra et al., “Detection of a four-carbon sugar in interstellar space,” Nature Astronomy (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41550-026-02905-7
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2606.03313 (2026), DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2606.03313
News & Views / 解説: “Sugar detected in interstellar space,” Nature Astronomy News & Views (20 July 2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41550-026-02909-3
Press / 報道: Phys.org, “Study reports the first detection of a sugar in interstellar space” (July 2026)
Keywords: erythrulose, エリスルロース, interstellar sugar, 星間の糖, first sugar in interstellar space, 星間で初の糖, G+0.693-0.027, Galactic Center, 銀河中心, Yebes 40m, IRAM 30m, Jiménez-Serra, ketose, ケトース, prebiotic chemistry, 生命前化学, chirality, キラリティ, millimetre spectral survey, ミリ波分光, astrochemistry, 星間化学, interstellar medium, 星間物質, origin of life, 生命の起源, Nature Astronomy, 天体物理学, astrophysics
Planets around massive B-type stars at intermediate orbital distances have remained largely unexplored, because hot, rapidly rotating massive stars are poor targets for the radial-velocity method. A common workaround is to observe them after they evolve into cooler giants — but then one must prove that the giant really descended from a massive progenitor.
Wen-Xu Lin, Sheng-Bang Qian, Ming Lian and colleagues show that four evolved planet-hosting stars — HD 2952, HD 120084, HIP 65891 and HIP 67537 — are secondary-clump giants descended from B-type progenitors. Secondary-clump giants are core-helium-burning stars massive enough to have avoided the electron-degenerate helium flash, so their presence is a reliable mass tag. The result demonstrates that planetary systems can and do exist around stars considerably more massive than the Sun. Published open access in Nature Communications, 20 July 2026.
Primary source / 一次ソース: WX. Lin, SB. Qian, M. Lian et al., “B-type host stars revealed by exoplanets around massive secondary-clump giant stars,” Nature Communications (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-75608-2
Keywords: B-type star, B型星, secondary-clump giant, セカンダリクランプ巨星, exoplanet, 系外惑星, radial velocity, 視線速度法, HD 2952, HD 120084, HIP 65891, HIP 67537, massive star, 大質量星, helium burning, ヘリウム燃焼, stellar evolution, 恒星進化, Nature Communications, 天体物理学, astrophysics
Erwin Schrödinger is often cast as a reactionary: the man who invented the wave equation, then recoiled from the indeterminism that quantum mechanics brought with it, and mocked the whole business with a cat in a box.
Flavio Del Santo and Nicolas Gisin argue that a closer reading of his writings tells a different story. On their reading, Schrödinger’s views on determinism were more complex — and in places more radical — than the standard caricature, rather than simply conservative. The piece is a reminder that the historiography of quantum foundations is still very much alive, and that “who believed what” in the 1920s and 1930s is not a settled question. Comment published in Nature Reviews Physics 8, 472–473 (20 July 2026).
Primary source / 一次ソース: F. Del Santo & N. Gisin, “Was Schrödinger ever a determinist?,” Nature Reviews Physics 8, 472–473 (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s42254-026-00968-z
Keywords: Schrödinger, シュレーディンガー, determinism, 決定論, indeterminism, 非決定性, quantum foundations, 量子論の基礎, history of physics, 物理学史, Del Santo, Gisin, Nature Reviews Physics, 量子力学, quantum mechanics, 物理学, physics
High energy density (HED) science studies matter at extreme pressures and across a wide range of temperatures — conditions found deep inside planets and stars, and in fusion reactions. It spans plasma physics, warm dense matter and condensed matter, and connects to planetary science, materials science and fusion energy research.
In a forward-looking PRL Essay, Federica Coppari argues that recent breakthroughs in HED science are profoundly reshaping understanding across these multiple fields. Enabling technologies — above all ultraintense laser-driven compression — are producing a steady stream of new insight into how matter behaves when squeezed to conditions no ordinary laboratory can reach. Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 040001, published 20 July 2026.
Primary source / 一次ソース: F. Coppari, “Essay: Pushing the Frontiers of High Energy Density Science toward Unexplored States of Matter,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 040001 (2026), published 20 July 2026 (open access), DOI: 10.1103/1d8y-2cmz
Keywords: high energy density science, 高エネルギー密度科学, HED, warm dense matter, ウォームデンスマター, laser compression, レーザー圧縮, planetary interiors, 惑星内部, fusion, 核融合, plasma physics, プラズマ物理学, Coppari, Physical Review Letters, PRL, 物理学, physics
Most of the ordinary matter (baryons) in the Universe is not in stars but in diffuse plasma between and around galaxies — notoriously hard to see. The dispersion measure of extragalactic fast radio bursts (FRBs), which records the total column of free electrons along the line of sight, is a powerful probe of exactly this material.
This work shows that by cross-correlating the dispersion of background FRBs with the positions of foreground galaxies, one can study the relative spatial distributions of plasma and galaxies on scales from 0.1 to 50 Mpc. That range is precisely where feedback processes in galaxy formation — supernova winds, AGN outflows — are expected to push gas out of halos, so the measurement bears directly on how galaxies redistribute their baryons. Concretely, the team measured the dispersion–galaxy angular cross-power spectrum between 2,870 FRBs from the Second CHIME/FRB Catalog and nearly 6 million galaxies from the DESI Legacy Imaging Survey; across five photometric redshift bins spanning 0.05 < z < 0.5, this yields the first definitive detection — at 4.9σ — of spatial correlations in FRB dispersion measure caused by cosmic structure. Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 041001, published 21 July 2026.
Primary source / 一次ソース: “Measurement of the Dispersion-Galaxy Cross-Power Spectrum with the Second CHIME/FRB Catalog,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 041001 (2026), published 21 July 2026, DOI: 10.1103/9th9-qc51
Keywords: fast radio burst, 高速電波バースト, FRB, dispersion measure, 分散量, baryons, バリオン, missing baryons, 見えないバリオン, intergalactic medium, 銀河間物質, circumgalactic medium, 銀河周辺物質, galaxy feedback, 銀河フィードバック, cross-correlation, 相互相関, Physical Review Letters, PRL, 宇宙論, cosmology, 物理学, physics
Superconductivity in the bilayer nickelate La3Ni2O7 has been one of the hottest topics in condensed matter since its discovery under pressure, not least because nickelates are chemically close cousins of the cuprates. But a central question remained open: which orbitals actually pair? Theory has been split between scenarios dominated by the dz² bands (with interlayer coupling doing the work) and those dominated by the in-plane dx²−y² bands, as in the cuprates.
Wenjie Sun, Zhicheng Jiang, Yuefeng Nie and colleagues now report the observation of a superconductivity-induced leading-edge gap in La3Ni2O7, resolving the structure of the superconducting gap directly. The Fermi surface is shown to derive mainly from the dx²−y² bands, with minimal involvement of the dz² band — a strong constraint on pairing theories and a point of contact with cuprate phenomenology. Nature Physics, 21 July 2026.
Primary source / 一次ソース: W. Sun, Z. Jiang, … Y. Nie, “Observation of superconductivity-induced leading-edge gap in a bilayer nickelate,” Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03396-z
Keywords: La3Ni2O7, bilayer nickelate, 二層ニッケル酸化物, superconducting gap, 超伝導ギャップ, leading-edge gap, ARPES, Fermi surface, フェルミ面, dx2-y2, dz2, orbital, 軌道, cuprate, 銅酸化物, high-temperature superconductivity, 高温超伝導, Nature Physics, 凝縮系物理学, condensed matter, 物理学, physics
Orbital order — a spontaneous choice of which electron orbital is occupied, breaking rotational symmetry — is notoriously difficult to isolate, because it usually arrives entangled with structural (lattice) and magnetic transitions. Disentangling the orbital degree of freedom from its companions is a long-standing experimental challenge.
A new study on an intermetallic compound reveals a surface 5d-orbital order, identified through both its electronic band structure and its real-space fingerprints. The two-pronged evidence — momentum space and real space — is what makes the identification convincing. The result adds to a broader theme in current condensed matter physics: moving beyond charge transport to exploit orbital, spin and other electronic degrees of freedom. News & Views by Pochang Chen and Md Shafayat Hossain, Nature Physics, 21 July 2026.
News & Views / 解説: P. Chen & M. S. Hossain, “Electron orbitals choose a direction,” Nature Physics News & Views (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03358-5
Keywords: orbital order, 軌道秩序, 5d orbital, 5d軌道, intermetallic compound, 金属間化合物, band structure, バンド構造, real-space imaging, 実空間観測, symmetry breaking, 対称性の破れ, electronic degrees of freedom, 電子自由度, Nature Physics, 凝縮系物理学, condensed matter, 物理学, physics
Some near-Earth objects show tiny nongravitational accelerations — motions that cannot be explained by gravity alone — despite showing no visible coma or tail. These “dark comets” are thought to be outgassing ices too faintly to see, but proving it has been hard.
This work shows that astrometry of the near-Earth object (875163) 1998 SH2 spanning 1998 to 2025 reveals orbital perturbations consistent with cometary outgassing. No activity was visible in archival images, but follow-up observations with large-aperture telescopes — ESO’s Very Large Telescope (VLT) and the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) — revealed a weak, low-surface-brightness tail, proving that 1998 SH2 is genuinely a cometary object; it has since received the periodic-comet designation P/1998 SH2. The methodological point is the important one: when cometary activity is weak, outgassing can go undetected for decades, so nongravitational perturbations measured over long astrometric arcs provide an independent diagnostic for identifying comets — implying that more near-Earth objects currently catalogued as asteroids may in fact be comets. This also bears on planetary defence, since impact-risk calculations for the near-Earth catalogue generally assume gravity-only dynamics. Nature Astronomy, July 2026.
Primary source / 一次ソース: D. Farnocchia et al., “Non-gravitational acceleration indicative of cometary activity of near-Earth object,” Nature Astronomy (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41550-026-02913-7
News & Views / 解説: “Cometary tail detected on a near-Earth object based on nongravitational perturbations,” Nature Astronomy News & Views (21 July 2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41550-026-02912-8
Press / 報道: Phys.org, “Asteroid with unexplained orbital shift turns out to be a ‘dark comet’” (July 2026)
Keywords: dark comet, ダークコメット, near-Earth object, 地球近傍天体, NEO, 1998 SH2, 875163, P/1998 SH2, Farnocchia, VLT, CFHT, astrometry, 位置天文学, planetary defense, プラネタリーディフェンス, nongravitational acceleration, 非重力加速度, outgassing, 脱ガス, cometary tail, 彗星の尾, volatiles, 揮発性物質, ice, 氷, Solar System, 太陽系, Nature Astronomy, 天体物理学, astrophysics
Most stars are born in binaries, so in principle many supernova remnants should come in pairs — two explosions from two stars that once orbited each other. Yet no surviving pair of supernova remnants from the same stellar system had ever been identified.
Miltiadis Michailidis, Marianne Lemoine-Goumard, Nicola Omodei and colleagues report that the progenitors of the supernova remnants IC 443 and G189.6+3.3 may have formed a binary system. The key evidence is their shared interactions with the same surrounding clouds: the two remnants appear to be plowing into common material, which is difficult to arrange unless they exploded in the same place. If confirmed, this would be a candidate binary-system supernova pair with no known analogue. Published open access in Nature Communications 17, 6190 (21 July 2026).
Keywords: supernova remnant, 超新星残骸, IC 443, G189.6+3.3, binary system, 連星系, molecular cloud, 分子雲, shock interaction, 衝撃波相互作用, progenitor, 母天体, gamma-ray astronomy, ガンマ線天文学, Nature Communications, 天体物理学, astrophysics
In a burning fusion plasma, energetic alpha particles can resonantly drive Alfvén eigenmodes, which in turn can eject those very particles before they finish heating the plasma. Understanding how such modes saturate nonlinearly is therefore crucial for predicting high-performance tokamak operation.
This study addresses the nonlinear saturation of reversed-shear Alfvén eigenmodes (RSAEs) in tokamaks, employing both nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations and analytic theory. The key result: with energetic-particle dynamics kept linear, the suppression and eventual saturation of the RSAE occur via downward frequency chirping induced by the beat-driven zonal current — as the frequency chirps down, mode conversion into radially propagating, electron-Landau-damped kinetic Alfvén waves strengthens, enhancing convective (radiative) damping until the mode saturates. Theory and simulations agree both qualitatively and quantitatively. RSAEs are localized near the minimum of the safety factor q in reversed-shear configurations, making them a distinctive and practically important class of energetic-particle-driven instability. Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 045101, published 21 July 2026.
Primary source / 一次ソース: “How Zonal Fields Suppress Reversed Shear Alfvén Eigenmode in Tokamak Plasmas,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 045101 (2026), published 21 July 2026, DOI: 10.1103/hh65-rgwv
Keywords: reversed-shear Alfvén eigenmode, 反転磁気シアAlfvén固有モード, RSAE, tokamak, トカマク, gyrokinetic simulation, ジャイロ運動論, burning plasma, 燃焼プラズマ, nonlinear saturation, 非線形飽和, energetic particles, 高エネルギー粒子, fusion, 核融合, plasma physics, プラズマ物理学, Physical Review Letters, PRL, 物理学, physics
Most cosmic rays are charged particles — protons and heavier nuclei — and interstellar magnetic fields bend their paths, erasing any memory of where they came from. Neutrinos do not have that problem. Being electrically neutral and almost non-interacting, a high-energy neutrino travels essentially straight from its source to Earth, which makes it the single best pointer to whatever is accelerating particles to PeV energies. Such sources are nicknamed PeVatrons.
On 4 October 2023 the IceCube detector at the South Pole recorded a high-energy neutrino event, IC-231004A, arriving from the direction of Leo. The very next day the Zwicky Transient Facility at Palomar found a Type Ibn supernova, SN 2023uqf, in that same patch of sky. Type Ibn supernovae are “interaction-powered”: the exploding star ploughs into a dense shell of helium-rich material it shed shortly before death, and that collision is exactly the kind of environment where shocks can accelerate protons to enormous energies. Ryo Sawada (RIKEN iTHEMS), Yusuke Inoue (Kyoto University) and Yosuke Ashida (Tohoku University) modelled the system to test whether SN 2023uqf could plausibly have produced the neutrino. Their conclusion is carefully hedged — this is not a claim that IC-231004A came from SN 2023uqf — but it shows that interaction-powered Type Ibn supernovae are viable transient PeVatron candidates, a class worth systematically following up in the multi-messenger era. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 8 July 2026; announced by RIKEN on 21 July.
Journal article / 論文: R. Sawada, Y. Inoue & Y. Ashida, “Interaction-powered Type Ibn Supernovae as a Transient PeVatron Candidate: The Case of SN 2023uqf,” ApJL (2026), DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ae80bd
Press release / 発表: 理化学研究所「超新星は宇宙の巨大粒子加速器か—可視光とニュートリノで探るペバトロン候補—」(2026年7月21日)
Keywords: PeVatron, ペバトロン, cosmic ray, 宇宙線, high-energy neutrino, 高エネルギーニュートリノ, IceCube, アイスキューブ, IC-231004A, SN 2023uqf, Type Ibn supernova, Ibn型超新星, circumstellar medium, 星周物質, shock acceleration, 衝撃波加速, multi-messenger astronomy, マルチメッセンジャー天文学, ZTF, RIKEN iTHEMS, 理化学研究所, Kyoto University, Tohoku University, ApJL, 物理学, physics
More than 6,000 exoplanets have been found, yet no exomoon has ever been confidently detected. Candidates exist but remain controversial. Brown dwarfs sit between planets and stars; an object orbiting such a substellar companion is called an exosatellite, and whether it also qualifies as an “exomoon” is unsettled because the term lacks a formal definition.
Kevin Hoy, Alice Zurlo and colleagues applied radial-velocity analysis — the same technique Mayor and Queloz used in 1995 to find the first exoplanet around a Sun-like star — to VLT/CRIRES+ spectra of the directly imaged brown dwarf companion CD-35 2722 B. They find what appears to be the periodic signal of at least one orbiting satellite. Their best-fitting model includes a satellite with a minimum mass of about 0.9 Jupiter masses and a period of around 170 days. This is, to the authors’ knowledge, the first time the RV technique has produced evidence of satellites around a companion brown dwarf. Whether it meets the (currently undefined) criteria for an exomoon is uncertain, but it is a marked step toward the first uncontroversial detection, since improving technology will let the same method reach less massive targets. Nature 655, 865–869 (published 22 July 2026); the finding immediately sparked debate over what should count as a moon.
Primary source / 一次ソース: K. Hoy, A. Zurlo, P. A. Peña R et al., “Planetary-mass exosatellite detected around the substellar companion of a star,” Nature 655, 865–869 (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10751-w
Related / 関連: B. Thompson & N. Petrić Howe, “What counts as a moon? Huge ‘exosatellite’ sparks debate,” Nature (22 July 2026)
Keywords: exosatellite, 外衛星, exomoon, エクソムーン, 系外衛星, brown dwarf, 褐色矮星, CD-35 2722 B, radial velocity, 視線速度法, VLT, CRIRES+, ESO, Jupiter mass, 木星質量, direct imaging, 直接撮像, Hoy, Zurlo, Nature, 系外惑星, exoplanet, 天体物理学, astrophysics
It has been widely accepted that the severity of geomagnetic storms — magnetic disturbances in Earth’s outer atmosphere — saturates: beyond a certain solar-wind driving strength, the storm response stops growing. That apparent ceiling has shaped estimates of the worst-case space weather that power grids, satellites and communications must withstand.
This Nature News & Views piece explains that the upper limit is an illusion. It arises from uncertainty in measuring solar-wind strength: when the driving parameter is noisy, extreme measured values are systematically overestimates, and the true value regresses toward the mean — which makes the storm response look as though it flattens out at the high end. Correct for that statistical artefact and the saturation disappears. The practical implication is uncomfortable: extreme geomagnetic storms may be more severe than current models assume. Published 22 July 2026.
News & Views / 解説: “Geomagnetic storms caused by solar wind might be more extreme than previously thought,” Nature News & Views (22 July 2026)
Keywords: geomagnetic storm, 磁気嵐, solar wind, 太陽風, space weather, 宇宙天気, saturation, 飽和, regression to the mean, 平均への回帰, measurement uncertainty, 測定不確かさ, magnetosphere, 磁気圏, power grid, 送電網, Nature, 地球物理学, geophysics, 物理学, physics
Kagome metals host an unusual mix of superconductivity, charge order and topological band features, and the role of magnetic impurities in shaping that mix has remained unresolved. In a conventional superconductor a magnetic impurity is pair-breaking; in a kagome system with competing orders the outcome is far less obvious.
A new study on a magnetically doped kagome superconductor reveals anisotropic Kondo resonances intertwined with the superconducting gap. In other words, the impurity spin is screened by the conduction electrons (the Kondo effect) in a direction-dependent way, and that screening does not simply coexist with superconductivity — the two are entangled in the local electronic spectrum. News & Views by Barun Ghosh, Nature Physics, 22 July 2026.
News & Views / 解説: B. Ghosh, “A magnetic impurity sets off ripples in a kagome superconductor,” Nature Physics News & Views (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03372-7
Keywords: kagome superconductor, カゴメ超伝導体, kagome metal, カゴメ金属, magnetic impurity, 磁性不純物, Kondo resonance, 近藤共鳴, Kondo effect, 近藤効果, superconducting gap, 超伝導ギャップ, charge order, 電荷秩序, STM, 走査トンネル顕微鏡, Nature Physics, 凝縮系物理学, condensed matter, 物理学, physics
Cuprate high-temperature superconductivity emerges when holes are doped into a Mott insulator, but almost everything we know about it comes from the collective end of the story — charge order, pseudogap, superconductivity. What the very first doped holes actually look like, one at a time, has been much harder to see.
New work shows that the first holes doped into a cuprate create atomic-scale electronic states — described as “electronic clovers” for their shape — which then combine into larger motifs. This offers a genuinely bottom-up view of how charge order and superconducting phenomena emerge from individual dopants, rather than inferring the microscopic picture backwards from macroscopic order. News & Views by Eduardo H. da Silva Neto, Nature Physics, 22 July 2026.
News & Views / 解説: E. H. da Silva Neto, “From electronic clovers to emergent quantum matter,” Nature Physics News & Views (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03374-5
Keywords: cuprate, 銅酸化物, キュプレート, hole doping, ホールドープ, Mott insulator, モット絶縁体, charge order, 電荷秩序, high-temperature superconductivity, 高温超伝導, emergent phenomena, 創発現象, atomic scale, 原子スケール, STM, 走査トンネル顕微鏡, Nature Physics, 凝縮系物理学, condensed matter, 物理学, physics
Nature published an explainer on how quantum computers work, aimed at readers outside the field. Its framing reflects a shift in mood: recent breakthroughs suggest usable devices could arrive within a decade.
The timing is not accidental. Over the past year the field has seen steady progress on the hardest problem — quantum error correction — including, elsewhere in July 2026, the encoding and correction of a logical qubit within the internal states of a single trapped ion. Explainers like this one matter because the gap between what quantum computers can actually do and what they are popularly believed to do remains large. By Dan Fox and Davide Castelvecchi, Nature, 22 July 2026.
Primary source / 一次ソース: D. Fox & D. Castelvecchi, “How do quantum computers work?,” Nature News (22 July 2026)
Keywords: quantum computer, 量子コンピュータ, quantum error correction, 量子誤り訂正, logical qubit, 論理量子ビット, trapped ion, イオントラップ, qubit, 量子ビット, Castelvecchi, Nature, 量子情報, quantum information, 物理学, physics
Heat in solids is usually carried diffusively by phonons that scatter constantly, which is why it spreads out in all directions. But if phonons can travel far enough without scattering, heat flow becomes wave-like and can be focused along particular crystal directions — a phenomenon called phonon focusing. Historically this required cryogenic temperatures, where phonon lifetimes are long.
Man Li, Huan Wu, Yongjie Hu and colleagues now demonstrate phonon focusing at room temperature. They observe long-lived phonon waves and transport that depends on crystal orientation — the signature of focusing rather than diffusion. Because the effect survives at ambient conditions, it opens practical opportunities for directional heat control in future technologies: steering waste heat away from hotspots in electronics, or engineering thermal circuits much as one engineers electrical ones. Nature Physics, 23 July 2026.
Primary source / 一次ソース: M. Li, H. Wu, … Y. Hu, “Phonon focusing at room temperature,” Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03335-y
Keywords: phonon focusing, フォノン集束, phonon, フォノン, thermal transport, 熱輸送, ballistic transport, 弾道的輸送, room temperature, 室温, crystal orientation, 結晶方位, heat management, 熱制御, thermal conductivity, 熱伝導率, Nature Physics, 凝縮系物理学, condensed matter, 物理学, physics
The 2026 Fields Medals — mathematics’ most famous prize, awarded every four years to two to four mathematicians under the age of 40 — were announced on 23 July at the opening ceremony of the International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) in Philadelphia, the first ICM held in the United States since 1986. The winners are Yu Deng (University of Chicago), John Pardon (Stony Brook University), Jacob Tsimerman (University of Toronto) and Hong Wang (New York University / IHÉS, France).
Deng and Wang are the first Chinese-born winners since Shing-Tung Yau in 1982, and Wang is only the third woman ever to receive a Fields Medal, after Maryam Mirzakhani (2014) and Maryna Viazovska (2022); her recognized work includes the resolution, with Joshua Zahl, of the three-dimensional Kakeya conjecture. The physics connection is unusually direct this year: Deng was cited for the rigorous derivation of the Boltzmann equation from hard-sphere dynamics and of wave kinetic equations from nonlinear dispersive systems — core problems of mathematical physics. Reported by Davide Castelvecchi, Nature, 23 July 2026.
Announcement / 発表: Simons Foundation (in cooperation with the IMU), “2026 Fields Medals Awarded to Four of World’s Top Mathematicians” (23 July 2026)
Keywords: Fields Medal, フィールズ賞, mathematics, 数学, 2026, prize, 賞, Yu Deng, John Pardon, Jacob Tsimerman, Hong Wang, Kakeya conjecture, 掛谷予想, ICM, 国際数学者会議, IMU, Boltzmann equation, ボルツマン方程式, topology, トポロジー, geometry, 幾何学, Castelvecchi, Nature, mathematical physics, 数理物理学, 物理学, physics
Characterizing what a quantum device actually does — learning its noise channels — is a prerequisite for error correction, but the number of experiments required grows punishingly with system size. Theory says that using entanglement with a quantum memory can give an exponential advantage, but real memories are noisy, and it was unclear whether the advantage survives in practice.
Alireza Seif, Senrui Chen, Zlatko K. Minev and colleagues show that entanglement with a noisy quantum memory can significantly speed up learning of quantum processes. Combined with error mitigation, their method characterizes quantum noise at scale and outperforms entanglement-free approaches. This is a useful result precisely because it does not assume a fault-tolerant memory: the advantage is demonstrated with the imperfect hardware available now. Published open access in Nature Communications, 23 July 2026.
Primary source / 一次ソース: A. Seif, S. Chen, Z. K. Minev et al., “Entanglement-enhanced learning of quantum processes at scale,” Nature Communications (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-75553-0
Keywords: quantum process learning, 量子過程の学習, entanglement, 量子もつれ, quantum memory, 量子メモリ, error mitigation, 誤り緩和, noise characterization, ノイズ特性評価, quantum advantage, 量子優位性, Minev, Nature Communications, 量子情報, quantum information, 物理学, physics
Resolving finite-temperature critical behaviour near a phase transition is computationally hard: correlation lengths diverge, so one needs large systems and careful finite-size scaling. Quantum annealers are usually pitched as optimizers, not as tools for equilibrium statistical mechanics.
Gianluca Teza, Francesco Campaioli, Oren Raz and colleagues demonstrate that a carefully calibrated quantum annealer can accurately extract the critical temperature and universal exponents of the two-dimensional Ising model at large system sizes. The 2D Ising model is exactly solvable, which is the point: it provides an unforgiving benchmark against which the annealer’s output can be validated. Success there suggests annealers may be usable as thermal samplers for models that are not exactly solvable. Published open access in Nature Communications, 23 July 2026.
Primary source / 一次ソース: G. Teza, F. Campaioli, O. Raz et al., “Finite-temperature criticality through quantum annealing,” Nature Communications (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-75348-3
Keywords: quantum annealing, 量子アニーリング, quantum annealer, 量子アニーラ, Ising model, イジング模型, critical temperature, 臨界温度, critical exponent, 臨界指数, universality, 普遍性, phase transition, 相転移, finite-size scaling, 有限サイズスケーリング, statistical mechanics, 統計力学, Nature Communications, 物理学, physics
Rydberg atoms are excellent microwave electrometers — their huge dipole moments make them exquisitely sensitive — and they are also a leading platform for quantum computing. Combining the two roles, so that computational control improves sensing, has proved harder than it sounds.
Stanisław Kurzyna, Bartosz Niewelt, Michał Parniak and colleagues demonstrate a microwave-sensing protocol based on collective Rydberg states in which the interatomic interactions themselves implement inherent error protection. The protocol is robust against detection losses — a dominant practical noise source, since photons that never reach the detector normally degrade the signal directly. Building the robustness into the physics rather than into post-processing is what makes the approach attractive. Published open access in Nature Communications, 24 July 2026.
Keywords: Rydberg atom, リュードベリ原子, quantum metrology, 量子計測, microwave sensing, マイクロ波センシング, electrometry, 電界測定, detection loss, 検出損失, error protection, 誤り保護, collective state, 集団状態, Parniak, Nature Communications, 量子光学, quantum optics, 物理学, physics
A toroidal magnetic moment — spins arranged head-to-tail around a ring — is a genuinely distinct magnetic order parameter, neither ferromagnetic nor antiferromagnetic, and it couples magnetism to electric fields (magnetoelectricity). Molecular rings are natural hosts, but toroidal states have been hard to prepare and hard to detect.
Alessandro Soncini, Kieran Hymas, Annie K. Powell and colleagues show that near-infrared light can drive finite-temperature toroidal polarization in an Fe10Dy10 molecular ring, and that the resulting state is amenable to magnetoelectric readout. Both halves matter: optical driving gives a handle for preparation, and magnetoelectric readout gives a handle for detection — and crucially, this is at finite temperature rather than only in an idealized ground state. Published open access in Nature Communications, 24 July 2026.
Primary source / 一次ソース: A. Soncini, K. Hymas, A. K. Powell et al., “Finite-temperature toroidal moment amenable to direct observation in an Fe10Dy10 molecular ring,” Nature Communications (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-75612-6
Keywords: toroidal moment, トロイダルモーメント, toroidal order, トロイダル秩序, molecular magnetism, 分子磁性, single-molecule magnet, 単分子磁石, Fe10Dy10, magnetoelectric, 磁気電気効果, near-infrared, 近赤外, lanthanide, ランタノイド, Nature Communications, 凝縮系物理学, condensed matter, 物理学, physics
The quantum Hall effect is a two-dimensional phenomenon, but 3D semimetals can show analogous quasi-quantum Hall effects (QQHE) when the magnetic field pushes carriers into the lowest Landau level. The obstacle has been tunability: it is hard to lower the Fermi level enough in a semimetal to reach that regime at accessible fields.
Ian A. Leahy, Anthony D. Rice, Kirstin Alberi and colleagues achieve ultralow carrier densities in Cd3As2, revealing QQHE signatures at modest magnetic fields. Just as importantly, they show that charged disorder plays a critical role in degrading the quasi-quantization — a caution for anyone hoping to build devices on topological semimetals, where the same low carrier density that enables the effect also makes screening of charged impurities weak. Published open access in Communications Materials, 24 July 2026.
Primary source / 一次ソース: I. A. Leahy, A. D. Rice, K. Alberi et al., “Interplay of quasi-quantum Hall effect and Coulomb disorder in semimetals,” Communications Materials (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s43246-026-01282-y
Keywords: quasi-quantum Hall effect, 準量子ホール効果, QQHE, Cd3As2, Dirac semimetal, ディラック半金属, topological semimetal, トポロジカル半金属, Landau level, ランダウ準位, Coulomb disorder, クーロン乱れ, carrier density, キャリア密度, Communications Materials, 凝縮系物理学, condensed matter, 物理学, physics
Altermagnetism — a proposed third class of collinear magnetism, with compensated (zero net) moments but spin-split bands — has been one of the most energetic debates in magnetism, and RuO2 has been its flagship candidate for metallic d-wave altermagnetism. Experiments have disagreed sharply about whether RuO2 is magnetically ordered at all.
Mojtaba Alaei, Nafise Rezaei, Alireza Qaiumzadeh and colleagues use first-principles calculations to argue that RuO2 thin films cannot stabilize a compensated antiferromagnetic order. Instead they find ferrimagnetic-like behaviour influenced by strain, film orientation and substrate effects. If correct, this clarifies the long-running experimental discrepancies by locating them in sample-dependent physics rather than in the intrinsic ground state — and it weakens the case for RuO2 specifically, without settling altermagnetism as a concept. Published open access in Communications Materials, 24 July 2026.
Primary source / 一次ソース: M. Alaei, N. Rezaei, A. Qaiumzadeh et al., “Complex magnetic behavior in RuO2 thin films driven by strain and substrate effects,” Communications Materials (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s43246-026-01292-w
Keywords: altermagnetism, アルターマグネティズム, RuO2, ルテニウム酸化物, antiferromagnet, 反強磁性, ferrimagnetic, フェリ磁性, thin film, 薄膜, strain, 歪み, substrate effect, 基板効果, first-principles calculation, 第一原理計算, DFT, Communications Materials, 凝縮系物理学, condensed matter, 物理学, physics
The maser preceded the laser, but practical masers have long required cryogenics, vacuum tubes or exotic crystals such as pentacene-doped p-terphenyl; the 2018 diamond maser achieved continuous-wave room-temperature operation with nitrogen–vacancy centres, but diamond is hard to engineer into scalable devices. A semiconductor maser working continuously above room temperature would be a genuinely different proposition — compact, scalable and compatible with existing device technology.
Andreas Gottscholl, Maximilian Wagenhöfer, Andreas Sperlich and colleagues report the first maser realized in silicon carbide (SiC), based on optically pumped silicon-vacancy (VSi) spin defects in 4H-SiC. The device achieves continuous-wave operation above room temperature with high gain, demonstrates microwave mode cooling, and functions as an ultrasensitive magnetometer. SiC is an industrially mature wide-bandgap semiconductor with well-characterized spin defects, which is exactly why this result points toward compact, scalable maser technologies rather than a laboratory curiosity. Published open access in Nature Communications 17, 7267 (25 July 2026).
Primary source / 一次ソース: A. Gottscholl, M. Wagenhöfer, A. Sperlich et al., “Semiconductor room-temperature maser,” Nature Communications 17, 7267 (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-75446-2
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2312.08251
Keywords: silicon vacancy, シリコン空孔, 4H-SiC, maser, メーザー, semiconductor maser, 半導体メーザー, silicon carbide, 炭化ケイ素, SiC, room temperature, 室温, continuous wave, 連続波, mode cooling, モード冷却, magnetometry, 磁力計, spin defect, スピン欠陥, quantum sensing, 量子センシング, Nature Communications, 物理学, physics
Quantum-enhanced optical networks — squeezed-light interferometers, distributed sensing, gravitational-wave detectors — rely on preserving delicate quantum correlations across multiple beams. Ordinary loss is well understood. This work identifies a hidden decoherence mechanism that is not.
Stephan Grebien, Julian Gurs, Mikhail Korobko and colleagues describe “hyperloss”: decoherence arising from coherent spatial-mode mixing, in which small mismatches between laser beams can completely destroy the quantum enhancement. The severity is the point — a mismatch that would look negligible in a classical alignment budget can wipe out the advantage entirely. Encouragingly, the authors also show that phase engineering can restore the lost quantum correlations, turning a fundamental-sounding obstacle into an engineering problem. Published open access in Nature Communications 17, 7270 (25 July 2026).
Primary source / 一次ソース: S. Grebien, J. Gurs, M. Korobko et al., “Hyperloss from coherent spatial-mode mixing in quantum-correlated networks,” Nature Communications 17, 7270 (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-75899-5
Keywords: hyperloss, ハイパーロス, decoherence, デコヒーレンス, spatial mode mixing, 空間モード混合, squeezed light, スクイーズド光, quantum optics, 量子光学, mode matching, モードマッチング, quantum network, 量子ネットワーク, phase engineering, 位相制御, gravitational wave detector, 重力波検出器, Korobko, Nature Communications, 物理学, physics
Noise limits how long superconducting qubits can hold quantum information. A standard defence is to operate at a “sweet spot” — a bias point where the qubit frequency is first-order insensitive to flux noise. Dynamical sweet spots, created by periodically modulating the flux, extend this idea, but they involve a trade-off: what protects dephasing (T2) may harm relaxation (T1) or gate quality.
Zhen Yang, Shan Jin, Xiaoting Wang and colleagues treat this explicitly as a multi-objective problem, performing Pareto front engineering of generalized periodic flux modulation in fluxonium qubits. Optimizing along the Pareto front, they improve dephasing times by a factor of 3–5 while maintaining long relaxation times and enabling high-fidelity gates — that is, without paying the usual price elsewhere. Published open access in Communications Physics, 25 July 2026.
Primary source / 一次ソース: Z. Yang, S. Jin, X. Wang et al., “Pareto front engineering of dynamical sweet spots in superconducting qubits,” Communications Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s42005-026-02778-2
Keywords: superconducting qubit, 超伝導量子ビット, fluxonium, フラクソニウム, sweet spot, スイートスポット, dynamical sweet spot, 動的スイートスポット, flux modulation, 磁束変調, dephasing time, 位相緩和時間, T2, coherence, コヒーレンス, Pareto front, パレートフロント, quantum gate, 量子ゲート, Communications Physics, 量子情報, quantum information, 物理学, physics
Correlated oxides are known for metamagnetic switching: applying a field (or current) drives a non-ferromagnetic phase into a ferromagnetic one. The reverse — electrically pushing a ferromagnet into a non-ferromagnetic phase — is much less common, and more useful for low-power memory, since it offers a second, independent switching direction.
Suryakanta Mondal, Vinod Kumar, Bhagwati Prasad and colleagues demonstrate an electrically driven inverse-metamagnetic transition in an epitaxial Sm1−xSrxMnO3 thin film: an applied electrical stimulus takes the film from a ferromagnetic state into an antiferromagnetic-like phase. Manganites of this family sit close to a phase boundary between ferromagnetic-metallic and charge/orbital-ordered insulating states, which is what makes such a small stimulus able to tip the balance. Published open access in Nature Communications, 25 July 2026.
Primary source / 一次ソース: S. Mondal, V. Kumar, B. Prasad et al., “Electrically driven inverse metamagnetic transition in Sm1-xSrxMnO3,” Nature Communications (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-75886-w
Keywords: metamagnetic transition, メタ磁性転移, inverse metamagnetic, 逆メタ磁性, manganite, マンガン酸化物, Sm1-xSrxMnO3, correlated oxide, 強相関酸化物, epitaxial thin film, エピタキシャル薄膜, antiferromagnetic, 反強磁性, electric field control, 電界制御, spintronics, スピントロニクス, Nature Communications, 凝縮系物理学, condensed matter, 物理学, physics
Shrinking magnetic domains to the nanoscale can produce unconventional short-range magnetic phases that are neither cleanly ferromagnetic nor paramagnetic. In two-dimensional magnets, where thermal fluctuations are already severe, such intermediate regimes are both common and poorly understood.
Xue Yang, Ruihuan Duan, Li Lu and colleagues synthesize the two-dimensional magnet CrxPt1−xTe2 and report a temperature-dependent evolution of superparamagnetism together with a distinctive anomalous Hall effect. Superparamagnetism — where individual nanoscale domains flip freely like giant spins — is normally a nuisance for memory applications, but here it is the physics of interest: the accompanying Hall signature provides a transport-level probe of short-range order that theory will have to reproduce. Published open access in Communications Materials, 25 July 2026.
Primary source / 一次ソース: X. Yang, R. Duan, L. Lu et al., “Emergent superparamagnetism and anomalous Hall effect in two-dimensional magnet CrxPt1-xTe2,” Communications Materials (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s43246-026-01262-2
Keywords: two-dimensional magnet, 2次元磁性体, superparamagnetism, 超常磁性, anomalous Hall effect, 異常ホール効果, CrPtTe2, magnetic domain, 磁区, short-range order, 短距離秩序, van der Waals magnet, ファンデルワールス磁性体, Communications Materials, 凝縮系物理学, condensed matter, 物理学, physics
In the strange metal phase of the cuprates, the electrical resistivity rises linearly with temperature over an enormous range, as if scattering occurred at the fastest rate quantum mechanics allows: the Planckian rate, 1/τ ≈ kBT/ħ. Whether this bound is truly universal, or merely looks that way, has been contested for decades.
A. Shekhter, B. J. Ramshaw and N. Harrison analyse existing data and show that the Planckian relaxation rate in cuprate superconductors is doping independent. The result follows from their finding that the square of the optical plasma frequency scales linearly with doping. They further argue that this scaling is a natural consequence of Mott physics — that is, of the fact that the carriers are doped into a Mott insulator, so their effective density is set by the doping itself. The appeal of the argument is that it derives the apparent universality rather than postulating it. Published open access in Nature Communications, 26 July 2026.
Primary source / 一次ソース: A. Shekhter, B. J. Ramshaw & N. Harrison, “Universal Planckian dissipation in the strange metal state of the cuprates,” Nature Communications (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-75673-7
Keywords: Planckian dissipation, プランキアン散逸, strange metal, 奇妙な金属, cuprate, 銅酸化物, linear-in-T resistivity, T線形抵抗, Mott physics, モット物理, Mott insulator, モット絶縁体, optical plasma frequency, 光学プラズマ周波数, doping, ドーピング, Ramshaw, Harrison, Nature Communications, 高温超伝導, condensed matter, 凝縮系物理学, 物理学, physics
Coronal seismology uses the oscillations of magnetic loops in the Sun’s corona to infer quantities — above all the magnetic field strength — that cannot be measured directly. Kink oscillations, in which a loop sways transversely like a plucked string, are the workhorse mode.
Neda Dadashi, Bita Khademi, Navdeep K. Panesar and colleagues report a period increase and amplitude modification in the kink oscillations of a small-scale EUV loop. A drifting period is diagnostically valuable: it points to the loop’s physical parameters — length, density, magnetic field — changing during the oscillation itself, rather than the loop behaving as a static resonator. Small-scale loops are also increasingly accessible to modern high-resolution EUV imaging, extending coronal seismology below the large, well-studied structures. Published open access in Scientific Reports, 26 July 2026.
Primary source / 一次ソース: N. Dadashi, B. Khademi, N. K. Panesar et al., “Period increase and amplitude modification in the kink oscillations of a small-scale EUV loop,” Scientific Reports (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-63427-w
Keywords: coronal seismology, コロナ地震学, kink oscillation, キンク振動, EUV loop, EUVループ, solar corona, 太陽コロナ, coronal magnetic field, コロナ磁場, MHD waves, MHD波, solar physics, 太陽物理学, Scientific Reports, 天体物理学, astrophysics, 物理学, physics
Nano-FTIR (scattering-type near-field infrared spectroscopy) achieves chemical identification at spatial resolutions far below the infrared wavelength, by scattering light off a sharp AFM tip. But extracting the true optical response of the sample from the measured signal is nontrivial: the tip–sample interaction distorts both amplitude and phase.
Edher Z. Herrera, Francisco C. B. Maia, Alexandre Rossi and colleagues address phase reconstruction and causality in nano-FTIR signals by combining the finite dipole model of the tip–sample interaction with the Kramers–Kronig relations. Kramers–Kronig is the mathematical expression of causality — the real and imaginary parts of any causal response function are not independent — so imposing it is not an extra assumption but a physical consistency requirement. The result is a more trustworthy route from raw near-field signal to genuine material spectra. Published open access in Scientific Reports, 26 July 2026.
Keywords: nano-FTIR, ナノFTIR, near-field spectroscopy, 近接場分光, s-SNOM, finite dipole model, 有限双極子モデル, Kramers-Kronig relations, クラマース・クローニッヒ関係, causality, 因果律, phase reconstruction, 位相再構成, infrared spectroscopy, 赤外分光, AFM, 原子間力顕微鏡, Scientific Reports, 物理学, physics
For over half a century, radio SETI has concentrated on the “water hole” — the quiet band between roughly 1.42 and 1.66 GHz, bracketed by the natural emission of hydrogen and hydroxyl, the constituents of water. It is a poetic choice and a practical one, but it is also a very thin slice of the spectrum.
Louisa Mason and colleagues at the University of Manchester asked what happens if you look somewhere completely different, and did it without requesting a single hour of new telescope time. They combed archival ALMA observations — ALMA being unmatched in sensitivity above 35 GHz — examining four calibrator fields in Band 3, in two narrow spectral windows centred on 90.642 and 93.151 GHz. Narrowband signals are a natural technosignature because natural astrophysical sources essentially never concentrate radio power into such a narrow range. No candidates appeared above the detection thresholds; for the nearest of 28 Gaia DR3 stars caught in the field, the data exclude transmitters with an equivalent isotropic radiated power above roughly 7×1017 W. The null result matters less than the precedent: it is the first technosignature survey conducted with ALMA, opening the millimetre band to SETI. A companion paper pushed the “stellar bycatch” idea further — when a telescope points at one target, many other stars fall inside its field of view — and simulations suggest past radio SETI surveys may have effectively sampled over 6 million stars, versus the roughly 288,000 formally counted. Presented at the UK National Astronomy Meeting (NAM 2026) in July.
Journal article / 論文①: L. A. Mason, M. A. Garrett, K. Wandia & A. P. V. Siemion, “Conducting high-frequency radio SETI searches using ALMA,” MNRAS 536, 2127–2134 (2025), DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stae2714
Journal article / 論文②: “Simulating the stellar bycatch: constraining the prevalence of extraterrestrial transmitters within radio SETI surveys,” MNRAS 545(3) (2026), DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staf2112
Press / 報道: ScienceDaily, “Alien signals may be hiding where we rarely listen” (26 July 2026)
Keywords: SETI, 地球外知的生命探査, technosignature, テクノシグネチャ, ALMA, アルマ望遠鏡, Band 3, millimetre wave, ミリ波, narrowband signal, 狭帯域信号, water hole, ウォーターホール, EIRP, stellar bycatch, Gaia DR3, archival data, アーカイブデータ, radio astronomy, 電波天文学, NAM 2026, University of Manchester, マンチェスター大学, MNRAS, 物理学, physics
Topological phase transitions separate many-body phases that are locally indistinguishable yet globally distinct. That is precisely what makes them hard to observe: no local measurement can tell the phases apart, so a conventional order parameter does not exist.
Lin Su, Rahul Sahay, Markus Greiner and colleagues use a quantum simulator of interacting erbium atoms in an optical lattice to identify such a transition between one-dimensional crystalline-symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases. They detect the critical point through non-local string order parameters and connect it to the predicted transition between Mott and Haldane insulators. Three further results sharpen the picture: stacking two identical systems eliminates the transition, consistent with the predicted group structure and the invertibility of SPT phases; introducing symmetry-breaking disorder removes the transition; and disorder averaging restores it. The adjacent phases therefore realize a form of mixed-state quantum order in which the criticality between them depends on the observer’s information — a striking demonstration that what counts as a phase transition can be observer-relative. Published open access in Nature Physics (27 July 2026).
Journal article / 論文: L. Su, R. Sahay, … M. Greiner, “Topological phase transitions and mixed-state order in a Hubbard quantum simulator,” Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03381-6
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2505.17009
Keywords: topological phase transition, トポロジカル相転移, symmetry-protected topological phase, 対称性保護トポロジカル相, SPT phase, string order parameter, ストリング秩序変数, Haldane insulator, ハルデン絶縁体, Mott insulator, モット絶縁体, erbium, エルビウム, optical lattice, 光格子, quantum simulator, 量子シミュレータ, Hubbard model, ハバード模型, mixed-state order, 混合状態秩序, disorder averaging, 乱れ平均, Markus Greiner, Nature Physics, 冷却原子, cold atoms, 物理学, physics
Fermionic superfluidity rests on Cooper pairs — two fermions correlated so tightly that they behave as composite bosons and condense. But unlike elementary bosons, these pairs keep an internal structure set by the underlying fermionic correlations, and that structure governs superfluid behaviour across the BEC–BCS crossover. Probing it directly through the macroscopic superflow has been difficult.
A team at LENS (University of Florence), CNR-INO and INFN, with colleagues in Trieste and Trento (Frómeta Fernández, Hernández-Rajkov, Del Pace, Grani, Inguscio, Scazza, Stringari, Roati), harnesses a sonic analogue of the optical Sagnac effect. They realize an in situ loop interferometer by coherently exciting two counter-propagating long-wavelength phonons in an annular fermionic superfluid with tuneable interactions. Injecting a controlled quantized supercurrent into the ring lifts the frequency degeneracy between the clockwise and anticlockwise sound modes, and the resulting Doppler shift yields the elementary quantum of circulation and the angular momentum carried per particle. The observations show directly that superflow circulation is quantized in units of h/2m — in striking contrast to bosonic condensates, where the relevant quantum is h/m — the factor of two being the signature of pairing. Operating the interferometer at tunable temperature also measures the thermal depletion of the superfluid in the unitary Fermi gas. Published in Nature Physics (26 June 2026); highlighted in a News & Views by Franklin J. Vivanco on 30 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文: M. Frómeta Fernández, D. Hernández-Rajkov et al., “Angular momentum of rotating fermionic superfluids by Sagnac phonon interferometry,” Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03349-6
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2511.02664
Keywords: Sagnac effect, サニャック効果, phonon interferometry, フォノン干渉計, fermionic superfluid, フェルミ超流体, Cooper pair, クーパー対, BEC-BCS crossover, BEC-BCSクロスオーバー, quantized circulation, 量子化循環, supercurrent, 超流動電流, unitary Fermi gas, ユニタリ・フェルミ気体, angular momentum, 角運動量, ultracold atoms, 冷却原子, Doppler shift, ドップラーシフト, Nature Physics, 物理学, physics
When a quantum many-body system is continuously monitored — atoms being detected one after another as the experiment runs — the raw output is just a stream of click times. The usual instinct is to treat those clicks as a means to an end and reconstruct the underlying state. But the statistics of the clicks themselves carry information.
Kazuki Yamamoto (Osaka Metropolitan University) and Ryusuke Hamazaki (RIKEN Hakubi Team Leader / iTHEMS) showed theoretically that the fluctuation in the number of atom-detection events depends dramatically on how strongly the system is measured. Under weak measurement the detection count fluctuates in the standard way expected of an ordinary counting process. Under strong measurement, however, an anomalously large fluctuation emerges — far beyond the standard expectation — and it does so in a universal manner, largely independent of the microscopic details. Because measurement is unavoidable in cold-atom and quantum-simulator experiments, this turns an experimental nuisance into a resource: the counting statistics of a detector become a new diagnostic for reading out quantum many-body physics directly from the measurement record. Physical Review Letters, announced 27 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文: K. Yamamoto & R. Hamazaki, Phys. Rev. Lett. (2026), DOI: 10.1103/wv5b-r6sb
Press release / 発表: 理化学研究所・大阪公立大学「原子検出回数の異常ゆらぎと普遍性の発見」(2026年7月27日)
Keywords: continuous measurement, 連続測定, quantum many-body, 量子多体系, full counting statistics, 完全計数統計, anomalous fluctuation, 異常ゆらぎ, measurement backaction, 測定の反作用, quantum trajectory, 量子軌道, universality, 普遍性, open quantum system, 開いた量子系, cold atoms, 冷却原子, quantum simulator, 量子シミュレータ, Osaka Metropolitan University, 大阪公立大学, RIKEN, 理化学研究所, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Many molecules exist as enantiomers — non-superimposable mirror images that can behave completely differently in the body. Telling them apart matters enormously for pharmaceuticals, yet conventional chiral spectroscopy relies on light carrying spin angular momentum (SAM), i.e. circular polarization, and measures very small differences.
Haritha Venugopal and colleagues (Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, IIT Bombay, IIT Hyderabad; experiments at the TIFR Hyderabad laser facility) show that twisted femtosecond beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), combined with SAM and mass spectrometry, can enhance chiral selectivity by up to fourfold. Directing pulses of a few hundred femtoseconds and several hundred microjoules at gaseous (1S)-(−)- and (1R)-(+)-Camphor, they observe strong enantioselective ionization and fragmentation: the molecules break into charged fragments whose numbers depend on how the light’s twist matches the molecule’s handedness. A time-of-flight mass spectrometer then reads the fragments off, so simply comparing fragment counts distinguishes the two mirror forms. The screw-and-nut intuition is apt — the light acts as a threaded probe. Published in Science Advances.
Journal article / 論文: H. Venugopal et al., “Enhanced chiral discrimination in mass spectrometry with orbital angular momentum beams,” Science Advances (2026), DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aec6549
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org / Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (26 July 2026)
Keywords: chirality, キラリティー, enantiomer, 鏡像異性体, orbital angular momentum, 軌道角運動量, OAM, spin angular momentum, スピン角運動量, twisted light, ねじれた光, vortex beam, 渦ビーム, camphor, カンファー, mass spectrometry, 質量分析, time-of-flight, 飛行時間型, femtosecond laser, フェムト秒レーザー, enantioselective ionization, エナンチオ選択的イオン化, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Science Advances, 物理学, physics
When a molecule absorbs light, several things happen almost at once: electrons jump to an excited state, the molecular frame distorts, and the system passes through a conical intersection — a fleeting crossing point where electronic and nuclear motions become strongly coupled — before dumping the excess energy into vibrations. Disentangling these near-simultaneous motions is one of the hardest problems in ultrafast chemistry.
Researchers at the European XFEL used time-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (tr-XPS) at the Small Quantum Systems (SQS) instrument to follow the process in 3-fluoropyridine, a small ring-shaped molecule. A UV pulse excited the molecules; a precisely delayed soft X-ray pulse then ejected deeply bound core electrons from either the nitrogen or the fluorine site. Because core-electron binding energies shift with the local chemical environment, recording the electron energies at many delays reconstructs how each atom’s surroundings evolved over a couple of picoseconds. The key finding is that different atoms in the same molecule record different parts of the same event: fluorine acted mainly as a marker of vibrational relaxation, while nitrogen reflected coupled electronic and nuclear motion. The study also provides evidence that optical excitation enhances an atom’s sensitivity to the motion of its neighbours. The method should transfer to photostability in DNA, energy flow in light-harvesting materials, and other light-driven processes. Published in JACS.
Journal article / 論文: “Photoinduced Enhancement of Chemical Shift Sensitivity to Local Vibrations,” Journal of the American Chemical Society (2026), DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6c06538
Press release / 発表: European XFEL (29 July 2026)
Keywords: time-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, 時間分解X線光電子分光, tr-XPS, European XFEL, 欧州XFEL, X-ray free-electron laser, X線自由電子レーザー, 3-fluoropyridine, 3-フルオロピリジン, conical intersection, 円錐交差, chemical shift, 化学シフト, core electron, 内殻電子, ultrafast chemistry, 超高速化学, vibrational relaxation, 振動緩和, photochemistry, 光化学, pump-probe, ポンプ・プローブ, JACS, 物理学, physics
Quasars are among the most luminous objects in the universe, powered by matter falling onto a supermassive black hole. Theory holds that they shape the evolution of entire galaxies through energetic outflows — so-called quasar-mode feedback — but how efficient that process is, and how far it actually reaches, has remained poorly constrained. A black hole is about a hundred million times smaller than the galaxy it sits in; whether its wind can matter on galaxy-cluster scales is not obvious.
A team from Tohoku University, Kanazawa University, Tokyo Metropolitan University and collaborators used the Japanese-led X-ray spectroscopy mission XRISM, whose Resolve microcalorimeter measures the motion of hot gas with unprecedented spectral precision, to study a rapidly growing supermassive black hole at the centre of a galaxy cluster. They found that the hot gas blasted outwards as a wind is violently stirring gas out to roughly 300,000 light-years — ten times the roughly 30,000-light-year radius of the host galaxy itself. The energy involved exceeds previous estimates by more than a factor of 100. In other words, an effect long assumed to be confined inside the host galaxy in fact reaches deep into the surrounding intracluster medium, which has direct consequences for how galaxies and clusters co-evolve. Nature Astronomy, 28 July 2026 (UK time); announced in Japan on 29 July.
Journal article / 論文: S. Yamada, S. Ueda, H. Noda, Y. Fujita et al., Nature Astronomy (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41550-026-02939-x
Press release / 発表: JAXA 宇宙科学研究所「ブラックホールの『爆風』、30万光年先まで到達」
Details / 詳細: 東北大学大学院理学研究科プレスリリース(2026年7月29日)
Keywords: XRISM, クリズム, X-ray spectroscopy, X線分光, Resolve, microcalorimeter, マイクロカロリメータ, supermassive black hole, 超巨大ブラックホール, quasar-mode feedback, クエーサーモードフィードバック, AGN outflow, 銀河核風, galaxy cluster, 銀河団, intracluster medium, 銀河団ガス, galaxy evolution, 銀河進化, JAXA, Tohoku University, 東北大学, Nature Astronomy, 物理学, physics
Intermetallics — ordered crystalline compounds of two or more metals — combine remarkable strength, high melting points and superior creep resistance, which makes them attractive for jet engines and gas turbines. Their defining flaw is that they are brittle at room temperature: they cannot deform safely, which limits both manufacturing and tolerance to sudden mechanical shock. Cobalt aluminium (CoAl) is a textbook case.
Ke Xu, Xinghang Zhang, Haiyan Wang and colleagues (Purdue University and collaborators) redesign CoAl at the nanoscale rather than changing its composition. Their route combines a framework of amorphous interfaces (FAIs) with preexisting dislocations deliberately introduced into the crystal, producing a CoAl nanolaminate by thin-film deposition. The result is a yield strength of roughly 6 GPa — about six to ten times that of high-strength structural steel — together with about 15% plastic strain at room temperature, breaking the usual strength–ductility tradeoff. The demonstration is at micrometre scale under compression, not yet a turbine blade; the team next plans larger CoAl nanocomposites and tests of whether FAIs improve ductility in other intermetallics. Published in Science Advances (17 June 2026); widely covered in late July.
Press release / 発表: Purdue University (18 June 2026)
Keywords: intermetallics, 金属間化合物, CoAl, cobalt aluminum, コバルトアルミニウム, brittleness, 脆性, ductility, 延性, plasticity, 塑性, amorphous interface, 非晶質界面, dislocation, 転位, nanolaminate, ナノラミネート, yield strength, 降伏強度, turbine blade, タービン翼, jet engine, ジェットエンジン, materials science, 材料科学, Purdue University, パデュー大学, Science Advances, 物理学, physics
A large-scale quantum network needs two things that are hard to get from one technology: reliable quantum memories and coherent single-photon sources with narrow linewidth, high brightness and spectral uniformity. Quantum dots (QDs) are bright and fast but spectrally random and poorly matched to photon storage; warm atomic vapours offer rock-solid frequency references and memories but are dimmer. Hybrid architectures should combine the strengths — provided photons from the two dissimilar sources can actually interfere.
A team led by Han Seb Moon (Pusan National University) and Je-Hyung Kim (UNIST) reports the first experimental demonstration of direct two-photon interference between single photons from two completely independent, physically dissimilar quantum light sources: a warm caesium atomic ensemble and a semiconductor InAs/GaAs quantum dot. The two were spectrally matched near 917 nm with a spectral overlap of 0.88, yielding photons with high mutual indistinguishability. Since indistinguishability between remote, heterogeneous nodes is the prerequisite for entanglement swapping and quantum repeaters, the result is a concrete step toward modular quantum networks in which memory nodes and emitter nodes come from different physical platforms. Published in Light: Science & Applications (15 July 2026).
Journal article / 論文: Light: Science & Applications (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02399-y
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org (30 July 2026)
Keywords: two-photon interference, 2光子干渉, Hong-Ou-Mandel, ホン・オウ・マンデル効果, indistinguishable photons, 識別不能光子, quantum dot, 量子ドット, InAs/GaAs, cesium vapor, セシウム蒸気, atomic ensemble, 原子アンサンブル, quantum memory, 量子メモリ, single-photon source, 単一光子源, hybrid quantum network, ハイブリッド量子ネットワーク, quantum repeater, 量子中継器, Pusan National University, 釜山大学校, UNIST, Light Science and Applications, 物理学, physics
A conventional photonic crystal is a material whose refractive index is patterned periodically in space; that spatial patterning is what makes optical fibres, mirrors and photonic chips behave the way they do. A photonic time crystal (PTC) is the temporal analogue: a material whose optical properties are modulated periodically in time. Theory says PTCs should do remarkable things — amplify light, create momentum bandgaps, even support new kinds of lasing — but building one requires modulation that is both very strong and very fast, and no all-optical implementation had ever been achieved.
An international team from École Polytechnique, the Collège de France and Germany’s Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) has now done it, at terahertz frequencies. Their device is a surface-plasmon cavity metamaterial — gold structures on a semiconductor, hosting collective electron waves — driven by HZDR’s TELBE superradiant terahertz source. The intense THz field dynamically modulates the kinetic energy and effective mass of the carriers, producing periodic driving that is near-unity in strength and coherent on a sub-optical-cycle timescale: exactly the regime PTCs require. The system shows a clear transition into the photonic time crystal regime, accompanied by a roughly halving of plasmonic losses — a striking result given that loss is the usual death sentence for plasmonics. The next goals are to suppress dissipation further and increase the number of trapped photons; sufficient amplification would open the door to highly tunable terahertz lasers, a long-standing gap between electronics and photonics. Nature 656, 343–348 (2026), published 29 July.
Journal article / 論文: T. Guo et al., “Plasmonic metamaterial time crystal,” Nature 656, 343–348 (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10825-9
Details / 詳細: Nature News & Views: “Ultrafast temporal engineering of optical properties using terahertz light”
Press / 報道: Phys.org, “Photonic time crystals unlock ultrafast control of light in the terahertz range” (30 July 2026)
Keywords: photonic time crystal, フォトニック時間結晶, PTC, time crystal, 時間結晶, plasmonics, プラズモニクス, metamaterial, メタマテリアル, terahertz, テラヘルツ, TELBE, HZDR, effective mass, 有効質量, refractive index modulation, 屈折率変調, momentum bandgap, 運動量バンドギャップ, ultrafast optics, 超高速光学, terahertz laser, テラヘルツレーザー, optical computing, 光コンピューティング, Ecole Polytechnique, College de France, Nature, 物理学, physics
Semiconductor spin qubits are among the most promising building blocks for quantum computers: they can be made with the materials and fabrication used for ordinary silicon chips. But two obstacles have blocked the path to scale — how to connect qubits that do not sit right next to each other, and how to control huge numbers of them without an unmanageable tangle of wiring. Two independent papers published together in Nature address one each.
Brennan Undseth, Nicola Meggiato, Lieven M. K. Vandersypen and colleagues (QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, with TNO) attack connectivity with coherent spin shuttling. Their silicon device contains a shuttling bus that transports qubits so they can interact at four isolated locations the authors call “bus stops.” They dynamically populate the array and tune all single- and two-qubit operations using shuttling and quantum non-demolition (QND) spin measurements — without charge sensing in most of the device — achieving universal control of an effective five-qubit processor and selecting the connectivity needed to form a surface-code stabilizer plaquette supporting X- and Z-type parity checks up to weight four. Using those parity checks they generate multi-qubit entanglement across all qubit combinations and report a genuine five-qubit GHZ state — the largest yet built with gate-defined semiconductor spins. The companion paper reports a digitally controlled silicon quantum processing unit, addressing the wiring bottleneck. Both in Nature (2026).
Journal article 1 / 論文1: B. Undseth et al., “Weight-four parity checks in a spin-shuttling architecture,” Nature 655, 1160–1166 (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10766-3
Journal article 2 / 論文2: “A digitally controlled silicon quantum processing unit,” Nature (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10754-7
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2601.23267
Keywords: semiconductor spin qubit, 半導体スピン量子ビット, silicon qubit, シリコン量子ビット, spin shuttling, スピンシャトリング, bus stop, バス停, parity check, パリティ検査, weight-four, 重み4, surface code, 表面符号, stabilizer, スタビライザ, quantum non-demolition measurement, 量子非破壊測定, GHZ state, GHZ状態, quantum error correction, 量子誤り訂正, QuTech, Delft University of Technology, デルフト工科大学, Vandersypen, Nature, 物理学, physics
Diamond colour centres such as the nitrogen-vacancy centre are the workhorses of solid-state quantum technology, but they share a chronic weakness: they couple to a broad continuum of lattice vibrations (phonons), which smears their emission and pushes most photons out of the useful narrow zero-phonon line.
Researchers in Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign — graduate student Swetapadma Sahoo in Simeon Bogdanov’s group, with undergraduates Jaden Li and Darwon Kim, and collaborators at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, UCLA and partners in France and Russia — report a newly identified colour centre they name IL1, after the university. IL1 emits exceptionally bright, narrowband single photons while remaining remarkably insensitive to the crystal vibrations typical of the diamond lattice. The mechanism is the interesting part: instead of coupling to many bulk phonon modes, IL1 couples to a single, well-behaved local vibration that does not significantly spoil the emission. Strong broadband phonon decoupling of this kind is exactly what quantum networks need from a photon source. Published in Nature Communications.
Journal article / 論文: S. Sahoo et al., “Ultranarrow bright single-photon emitters in diamond with strong broadband phonon decoupling,” Nature Communications (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-74662-0
Press release / 発表: The Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Keywords: diamond color center, ダイヤモンド色中心, IL1, single-photon emitter, 単一光子源, quantum emitter, 量子発光体, phonon decoupling, フォノンデカップリング, zero-phonon line, ゼロフォノン線, narrowband emission, 狭帯域発光, nitrogen-vacancy center, 窒素空孔中心, local vibration, 局所振動, quantum network, 量子ネットワーク, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, イリノイ大学, Simeon Bogdanov, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Nature Communications, 物理学, physics
Chiral magnets — materials whose atomic magnetic moments twist into helices and vortices — show nonreciprocal transport: current flows more easily one way than the other, a “magnetic diode” effect known as the electrical magnetochiral effect. Theory has mostly treated the magnetic moments as classical localized spins, yet experiments on chiral magnets such as MnSi suggest that quantum fluctuations strongly influence how electrons move. No clear quantum-mechanical account existed.
Hajime Murata and Hiroaki Ishizuka (Department of Physics, Institute of Science Tokyo) supply one, and the answer turns out to connect to a classic of condensed-matter physics. They show that the coexistence of quantum fluctuations and chiral spin correlations produces a log(T) temperature dependence in the electrical magnetochiral effect. Using the Green’s-function method together with a scattering-theory approach, they demonstrate that this logarithmic dependence arises through a scattering process similar to that of the Kondo effect — the celebrated log(T) resistivity upturn seen in metals with magnetic impurities. The practical implication is a diode effect that grows stronger as the material is cooled, a useful design principle for spintronics. Published in Physical Review Letters 137, 036301 (15 July 2026).
Journal article / 論文: H. Murata & H. Ishizuka, “Kondo Effect in Nonreciprocal Response,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 036301 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/y243-ygbf
Press release / 発表: Institute of Science Tokyo (東京科学大学)
Keywords: chiral magnet, キラル磁性体, nonreciprocal transport, 非相反輸送, electrical magnetochiral effect, 電気的マグネトキラル効果, Kondo effect, 近藤効果, quantum fluctuation, 量子ゆらぎ, chiral spin correlation, キラルスピン相関, MnSi, helimagnet, ヘリ磁性体, spintronics, スピントロニクス, Green's function, グリーン関数, scattering theory, 散乱理論, Institute of Science Tokyo, 東京科学大学, Hiroaki Ishizuka, 石塚大晃, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
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