📰 2026年7月 のニュース / July 2026 (全79件・随時追加)
2026年7月(July 2026)に発表・注目された基礎物理学の最新ニュースと研究解説。月の始まりに厳選した一次ソース付きの項目を掲載し、今後さらに追加していきます。Recent physics news and research explanations from July 2026, with primary sources; more will be added through the month.
📅 2026年7月 / July 2026
On Saturday, 27 June 2026, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) — the world’s most powerful particle accelerator — dumped its final beams, ending an operational era that began with first collisions in 2009 and included the 2012 discovery of the Higgs boson. On 29 June the machine formally entered Long Shutdown 3 (LS3).
LS3 is CERN’s most extensive intervention on its accelerator complex since the LHC was built. Over the next ~4 years, more than 1.2 km of magnets and components will be removed and replaced to transform the collider into the High-Luminosity LHC (HiLumi LHC). When it restarts — the accelerator complex gradually coming back from 2028 and HiLumi physics beginning around 2030 — the upgrade aims to raise the luminosity (collision rate) by up to a factor of ten, enabling precision studies of the Higgs boson and sharper searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. The ATLAS and CMS detectors, which can currently resolve roughly 60 proton–proton collisions per bunch crossing, are being rebuilt to handle 140–200. CERN’s other accelerators keep running until the end of August before entering their own shutdown, and thousands of researchers will continue analysing the vast LHC Run 1–3 datasets throughout the pause. Announced by CERN.
Primary source / 一次ソース: CERN, “CERN bids farewell to the LHC and enters Long Shutdown 3” (2026)
Details / 詳細: CERN — Long Shutdown 3 (LS3) & High-Luminosity LHC (HiLumi LHC)
Keywords: LHC, Large Hadron Collider, 大型ハドロン衝突型加速器, Long Shutdown 3, LS3, 長期シャットダウン3, HiLumi LHC, High-Luminosity LHC, 高輝度LHC, CERN, セルン, Higgs boson, ヒッグス粒子, luminosity, 輝度, ATLAS, CMS, particle physics, 素粒子物理学, accelerator, 加速器, Standard Model, 標準模型, 物理学, physics
The Hong–Ou–Mandel (HOM) effect is a hallmark of quantum indistinguishability: when two identical bosons meet at a 50:50 beam splitter, they leave together through the same port and never split. First seen with photon pairs in 1987, it underpins quantum information and metrology. Extending it to many massive particles has been hard, because photonic platforms suffer loss and atomic counting must be nearly perfect.
Martin Quensen, Mareike Hetzel, Luis Santos, Carsten Klempt and colleagues (German Aerospace Center, DLR, and Leibniz University Hannover) demonstrate HOM interference with up to 12 indistinguishable neutral atoms in a system with negligible loss and single-particle-resolving detection (counting uncertainty around 0.2 atoms). From high-fidelity twin-Fock states they observe the defining many-particle signatures — parity oscillations, a bunching envelope and genuine multipartite entanglement — and use the generated states to reach metrological sensitivity scaling at the Heisenberg limit. The result establishes a scalable, low-loss atomic platform for multiparticle interferometry and precision measurement. Published in Nature Physics.
Journal article / 論文: M. Quensen, M. Hetzel, L. Santos, … C. Klempt et al., “Hong–Ou–Mandel interference of more than ten indistinguishable atoms,” Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03302-7
Keywords: Hong-Ou-Mandel effect, ホン・オウ・マンデル効果, HOM interference, HOM干渉, indistinguishable atoms, 不可弁別性, neutral atoms, 中性原子, multipartite entanglement, 多体もつれ, twin-Fock state, ツインフォック状態, quantum metrology, 量子計測, Heisenberg limit, ハイゼンベルク限界, bosonic bunching, ボソンバンチング, Carsten Klempt, DLR, Leibniz University Hannover, Nature Physics, 物理学, physics
At very low temperatures, quantum particles usually organize themselves by strict rules: fermions fill available energy levels up to a sharp edge, forming the familiar Fermi sea. Researchers now show that a driven quantum system can settle into a “fractional Fermi sea” — a state that keeps the sharp boundary but whose interior levels are only partially filled, so that order and excitation coexist.
A team from the Nagerl group (University of Innsbruck) with theorist Alvise Bastianello (CNRS / Universite Paris-Dauphine) used ultracold cesium atoms confined to one dimension and repeatedly cycled the interaction strength between strongly repulsive and strongly attractive regimes. Instead of simply heating the gas, this far-from-equilibrium drive reorganizes the atoms into a long-lived, highly ordered non-equilibrium state whose correlations go beyond Tomonaga–Luttinger liquid theory, a cornerstone description of one-dimensional quantum matter. The work provides the theoretical foundation for accompanying cold-atom experiments and offers a tunable critical phase for quantum simulation of correlated, non-equilibrium many-body physics. Published in Physical Review Letters (news coverage cresting at the turn of July 2026).
Journal article / 論文: A. Bastianello, Y. Zeng, … H.-C. Nagerl, M. Landini, “Exotic critical states as fractional Fermi seas in the one-dimensional Bose gas,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 230402 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/j3s5-gjpf
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2602.17656
Keywords: fractional Fermi sea, 分数フェルミ海, Fermi sea, フェルミ海, ultracold atoms, 超冷却原子, cesium, セシウム, one-dimensional Bose gas, 1次元ボース気体, Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid, 朝永ラッティンジャー液体, non-equilibrium, 非平衡, critical phase, 臨界相, quantum simulation, 量子シミュレーション, Nagerl, University of Innsbruck, CNRS, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Squeezed states redistribute quantum or thermal noise in phase space so that fluctuations in one variable fall below the standard level, at the cost of increased noise in the conjugate variable. Squeezing is central to precision measurement, but realizing and characterizing it in magnetic media had remained largely unexplored.
Tomosato Hioki, Kaito Tojo and colleagues (University of Tokyo) demonstrate single-mode thermal squeezing of magnetization dynamics in a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) film using microwave parametric excitation, driving the magnon noise below its thermal level. They also observe two-mode thermal squeezing: correlated fluctuations of magnons localized on the top and bottom surfaces of the film across a macroscopic distance. Controlling thermal squeezing in a magnetic system sheds light on the fluctuation dynamics of magnetic order and marks a step toward observing quantum effects in magnetic films — useful for low-noise spin-based sensing and information technology. Published (open access) in Nature Physics; News & Views coverage appeared 30 June 2026.
Journal article / 論文: T. Hioki, K. Tojo et al., “Single- and two-mode magnon thermal squeezing,” Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03294-4
Keywords: magnon squeezing, マグノンスクイージング, thermal squeezing, 熱スクイージング, yttrium iron garnet, イットリウム鉄ガーネット, YIG, parametric excitation, パラメトリック励起, magnonics, マグノニクス, spintronics, スピントロニクス, two-mode squeezing, 2モードスクイージング, quantum noise, 量子雑音, University of Tokyo, 東京大学, Nature Physics, 物理学, physics
Topological defects — points or lines where an ordered pattern cannot smoothly align — shape the collective behaviour of anisotropic materials, including living matter. In two dimensions their biological roles are known, but whether three-dimensional polar defects matter for biology, and how their configurations are controlled, had been unclear.
Using a liquid-crystal-based model and experiments, researchers report a charge-preserving transition between 3D defect configurations that is driven by the geometry of the confining boundary and is independent of material parameters. Strikingly, in the mouse embryo the three-dimensional polar defects mark the sites where fluid-filled lumina form — essential structures for subsequent development. When the team experimentally perturbed embryo shape beyond the predicted transition point, additional lumen-initiation sites appeared near the predicted defect locations, confirming the causal link. The work ties fundamental liquid-crystal physics to embryonic development. Published in Nature Materials, with a companion Nature Physics News & Views (30 June 2026).
Journal article / 論文: “Boundary geometry controls a topological defect transition that determines lumen nucleation in embryonic development,” Nature Materials (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41563-026-02594-7
Keywords: topological defects, トポロジカル欠陥, three-dimensional defects, 3次元欠陥, liquid crystal, 液晶, active matter, アクティブマター, mouse embryo, マウス胚, lumen, 内腔, ルーメン, morphogenesis, 形態形成, boundary geometry, 境界幾何学, developmental biology, 発生生物学, biological physics, 生物物理, Nature Materials, 物理学, physics
Note: this item is a preprint that has drawn attention at the turn of July 2026. It proposes a correspondence and includes a small five-qubit proof-of-principle demonstration — it is not a proof of the Riemann Hypothesis.
The Riemann Hypothesis (RH) — that all nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function lie on the critical line — is one of mathematics’ deepest open problems. The century-old Hilbert–Polya conjecture suggests those zeros might be eigenvalues of some unknown quantum operator. This work proposes a physical footing for that idea: the authors construct engineered quantum many-body systems, initialize them in thermal equilibrium, and quench them with tailored interaction Hamiltonians so that the zeta function’s structure is imprinted on measurable observables. They argue that the nontrivial zeros correspond to critical points of dynamical quantum phase transitions (DQPTs) — nonanalytic points in the time evolution — in two distinct constructed models, and describe a scheme to probe even large Riemann zeros. If borne out, the framework would recast an abstract number-theory conjecture as a question about non-equilibrium quantum dynamics. Preprint (arXiv:2511.11199).
Preprint / プレプリント(一次ソース): “The Riemann Hypothesis Emerges in Dynamical Quantum Phase Transitions,” arXiv:2511.11199 (2025–2026)
Keywords: Riemann Hypothesis, リーマン予想, Riemann zeta function, リーマンゼータ関数, Hilbert-Polya conjecture, ヒルベルト・ポリア予想, dynamical quantum phase transition, 動的量子相転移, DQPT, quantum many-body, 量子多体系, quench, クエンチ, number theory, 数論, mathematical physics, 数理物理, preprint, プレプリント, arXiv, 物理学, physics
Neutrinos are among the least understood elementary particles: electrically neutral, nearly massless, and interacting so weakly that trillions pass through your body every second. Their tiny masses lie beyond the Standard Model, and one of the field’s biggest open questions is the neutrino mass ordering — whether the third mass state is the heaviest (“normal”) or the lightest (“inverted”).
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) — a 20,000-tonne liquid-scintillator sphere buried ~700 m underground in Guangdong, China, about 52.5 km from the Yangjiang and Taishan reactors and led by the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences — has published its first physics result as a Nature cover article. Using just 59 days of data (26 August – 2 November 2025), the collaboration simultaneously determined two oscillation parameters to record precision: sin²θ₁₂ = 0.3092 ± 0.0087 and Δm²₂₁ = (7.50 ± 0.12) × 10⁻⁵ eV² (normal-ordering scenario), improving the precision by a factor of 1.6 over the combination of all previous measurements. The rapid, world-leading result validates JUNO’s detector design and analysis and confirms its readiness for its primary goal — resolving the mass ordering with a larger dataset. Published in Nature, 10 June 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): JUNO Collaboration, “Measurement of reactor neutrino oscillation with the first JUNO data,” Nature (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10538-z
Preprint / プレプリント: “First measurement of reactor neutrino oscillations at JUNO,” arXiv:2511.14593
Keywords: JUNO, 江門地下ニュートリノ観測所, neutrino, ニュートリノ, neutrino oscillation, ニュートリノ振動, mass ordering, 質量順序, reactor neutrino, 原子炉ニュートリノ, liquid scintillator, 液体シンチレータ, IHEP, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 中国科学院, theta12, Delta m21, three-flavor, 三世代混合, beyond Standard Model, 標準模型を超える物理, particle physics, 素粒子物理学, Nature, 物理学, physics
A Schrödinger-cat state places a system into a superposition of two distinct components. The textbook version uses coherent states — wave packets that behave as classically as quantum mechanics allows — displaced in opposite directions in phase space. Such cats are central to quantum technology, including bosonic error-correcting codes that protect information in a single oscillator.
Researchers at the University of Oxford demonstrated a way to build cat states from a broad family of components that are themselves highly nonclassical, rather than near-classical coherent states. Working with the motional (oscillator) mode of a single trapped ion, they created superpositions of squeezed and trisqueezed states: the reconstructed Wigner function shows sixfold rotational symmetry and regions of Wigner negativity, a direct signature of nonclassical quantum interference. They also realized squeezed-cat states whose positional variance is simultaneously larger and smaller than the Heisenberg limit along orthogonal axes — a class proposed earlier but never before realized. Because such states are exactly the resource that squeezed-cat bosonic codes require, the work opens a practical path toward more resilient quantum computers. Published in Physical Review X, 3 June 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): S. Saner et al., “Generating Arbitrary Superpositions of Nonclassical Quantum Harmonic Oscillator States,” Physical Review X (2026), DOI: 10.1103/k1xk-yt42
Keywords: Schrödinger cat state, シュレディンガーの猫状態, cat state, 猫状態, superposition, 重ね合わせ, squeezed state, スクイーズド状態, trisqueezed, nonclassical, 非古典的, Wigner function, ウィグナー関数, Wigner negativity, trapped ion, トラップイオン, bosonic code, ボソン符号, quantum error correction, 量子誤り訂正, University of Oxford, オックスフォード大学, Physical Review X, 物理学, physics
Quantum entanglement is usually seen only in tiny, carefully isolated systems — single atoms, molecules or photons. Whether a macroscopic chunk of matter, made of an astronomical number of particles, can show a direct glimpse of the quantum world has been a deep open question. Strange metals — exotic, strongly correlated states whose electrical resistance rises linearly with temperature, defying ordinary metal theory — are a prime suspect for hosting such collective quantum behaviour.
A team from TU Wien, the University of Würzburg and Rice University (building on a theoretical idea from Peter Zoller’s group in Innsbruck) reported strong multipartite entanglement in a centimetre-sized crystal of the heavy-fermion compound Ce₃Pd₂₀Si₆. Rather than measuring entanglement directly, they extracted the quantum Fisher information (QFI) from the crystal’s dynamical spin response, measured by cold-neutron scattering on the ThALES spectrometer at the ILL down to 60 millikelvin. At the material’s field-induced quantum critical point (about 1.73 tesla), tied to the breakdown of Kondo screening, the QFI grows sharply and witnesses at least nine-partite entanglement, with dynamical scaling exponent 0.88 ± 0.02. The result ties strong entanglement directly to strange-metal behaviour — a general principle rather than a quirk of one compound. Published in Nature Physics, 15 June 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): F. Mazza, S. Biswas, X. Yan et al., “Quantum Fisher information in a strange metal,” Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03298-0
Keywords: strange metal, ストレンジメタル, 奇妙な金属, quantum entanglement, 量子もつれ, multipartite entanglement, 多体もつれ, quantum Fisher information, 量子フィッシャー情報, QFI, heavy fermion, 重い電子系, Ce3Pd20Si6, Kondo effect, 近藤効果, quantum critical point, 量子臨界点, neutron scattering, 中性子散乱, TU Wien, ウィーン工科大学, condensed matter, 凝縮系, Nature Physics, 物理学, physics
Note: this item is a theoretical proposal, not an experimental detection.
For nearly a century physicists recognized two kinds of magnets: ferromagnets (ordinary fridge magnets) and antiferromagnets (magnetism hidden at the atomic scale). Within the last decade a third class, altermagnets, was proposed — combining useful features of both and promising faster, more energy-efficient spintronics. More than 200 candidate materials are predicted, but confirming altermagnetism experimentally is hard.
Physicists at the University at Buffalo and Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz (whose researchers first proposed altermagnets) describe a quantum-sensing scheme to identify them. A single magnetic defect in diamond — a nitrogen atom beside a missing carbon (an NV-type spin) — is placed near a suspected altermagnet. Because altermagnetic order produces a distinctive, direction-dependent spin texture, it makes the defect’s spin signal relax differently along different directions. Reading that anisotropic relaxation gives a telltale, minimally invasive signature of altermagnetism, without significantly disturbing the sample. Published in Physical Review Letters (2026).
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): V. A. S. V. Bittencourt, H. Hosseinabadi, J. Sinova, L. Šmejkal, J. Marino, “Quantum Impurity Sensing of Altermagnetic Order,” Physical Review Letters (2026), DOI: 10.1103/2ppn-kvjv
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2508.04788
Keywords: altermagnet, アルターマグネット, altermagnetism, altermagnetic order, ferromagnet, 強磁性体, antiferromagnet, 反強磁性体, quantum sensing, 量子センシング, NV center, NV中心, diamond defect, ダイヤモンド欠陥, spin relaxation, スピン緩和, spintronics, スピントロニクス, University at Buffalo, バッファロー大学, Mainz, マインツ大学, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Synchrotron techniques such as X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) reveal a material’s electronic structure, but they are extremely photon-hungry — so far largely limited to concentrated, bulk samples.
A collaboration of HZB (Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin), MPI-CEC and NIST has commissioned Europe’s first and only superconducting transition-edge-sensor (TES) array X-ray spectrometer at a synchrotron, on the BESSY II UE52-SGM beamline. Its 248 sensors become superconducting when cooled below 25 millikelvin (via a He⁴–He³ dilution refrigerator, like those used for quantum computers); an incoming photon briefly heats a sensor, quenching superconductivity and producing a sharp resistance change read out by SQUIDs. The instrument detects photons 100–1000× more efficiently than conventional wavelength-dispersive spectrometers, turning measurements that once took hours into minutes and opening up atomically thin layers, nanostructures and highly dilute samples with full polarization control. Reported in Review of Scientific Instruments, June 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): R. Decker et al., “A superconducting transition edge sensor array for synchrotron soft x-ray emission spectroscopies of low-dimensional and impurity-level concentration systems,” Review of Scientific Instruments 97, 065208 (2026), DOI: 10.1063/5.0332443
Keywords: TES, transition-edge sensor, 超伝導遷移端センサ, X-ray spectrometer, X線分光器, XES, RIXS, synchrotron, 放射光, BESSY II, HZB, NIST, superconducting detector, 超伝導検出器, SQUID, dilution refrigerator, 希釈冷凍機, photon detection, 光子検出, ARPES, quantum materials, 量子物質, Review of Scientific Instruments, 物理学, physics
Pinning down string theory as an inevitable consequence of physical principles has long been a goal of the “string universality” program. In a new result, Clifford Cheung (Caltech), Grant N. Remmen (NYU), Francesco Sciotti (IFAE / BIST, Barcelona) and Michele Tarquini (Caltech) argue that string theory emerges from remarkably few assumptions about scattering amplitudes.
Requiring only that tree-level four-point amplitudes have vanishing residues at prescribed values of the momentum transfer (the sparsest “minimal zeros” the equations allow), together with ultrasoft high-energy behaviour, they prove that the space of minimally consistent amplitudes collapses uniquely onto the celebrated Veneziano and Virasoro–Shapiro amplitudes of string theory. The full stringy structure — including the infinite tower of massive higher-spin states that form the string’s “harmonics” — drops out automatically, and similar logic extends to five-point scattering. Building on their 2024 bootstrap (Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 251601) but with weaker assumptions, the work sharpens the case that string theory may be all but unavoidable. Published in Physical Review Letters (22 June 2026).
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): C. Cheung, G. N. Remmen, F. Sciotti, M. Tarquini, “Strings from Almost Nothing,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 251601 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/cw4p-cqh7
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2508.09246 [hep-th]
Keywords: string theory, 弦理論, string universality, 弦理論の普遍性, scattering amplitudes, 散乱振幅, bootstrap, ブートストラップ, Veneziano amplitude, ヴェネツィアーノ振幅, Virasoro-Shapiro, ヴィラソロシャピロ, S-matrix, S行列, quantum gravity, 量子重力, Regge trajectory, レッジェ軌道, Clifford Cheung, Grant Remmen, Caltech, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
TeV-energy cosmic rays were generally assumed to be immune to solar activity, and their large-scale anisotropy was thought to be constant in time. Using the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) at 4410 m in Sichuan, China, the collaboration reports the first observation of a transient large-scale anisotropy in TeV cosmic-ray ions.
The trigger was the passage of an interplanetary shock and coronal mass ejection (ICME) carrying a magnetic flux rope on 4 November 2021. Analysing hourly sky-maps across four energy ranges (median energies 0.7–3.1 TeV), the team sees anisotropy exceeding normal hourly fluctuations at >5σ significance, strongest just before the flux rope’s leading edge arrived, with reduced flux from directions toward the outer heliosphere. They attribute this to enhanced scattering of cosmic rays passing through magnetic turbulence in the ICME’s sheath region. In other words, TeV cosmic rays can remotely probe a storm’s magnetic structure — a potential new handle for space-weather forecasting as more air-shower arrays come online worldwide. Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 251002 (26 June 2026).
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): Z. Cao et al. (LHAASO Collaboration), “Transient Large-Scale Anisotropy in TeV Cosmic Rays due to an Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 251002 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/mkk2-hbq5
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2601.02801 [astro-ph.HE]
Keywords: cosmic rays, 宇宙線, TeV cosmic rays, TeV宇宙線, LHAASO, 大型高山空気シャワー観測所, anisotropy, 異方性, coronal mass ejection, コロナ質量放出, ICME, 惑星間コロナ質量放出, solar storm, 太陽嵐, space weather, 宇宙天気, heliosphere, 太陽圏, magnetic flux rope, 磁気フラックスロープ, air shower, 空気シャワー, astroparticle physics, 宇宙線物理学, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Photon loss is the central obstacle in long-distance quantum communication: send single photons directly down a lossy fibre and only a small fraction survive, undermining loophole-free Bell tests and device-independent quantum key distribution. Quantum teleportation could, in principle, beat this — but in practice, teleporting a single photon with a higher survival probability than direct transmission had remained out of reach.
Li-Chao Peng, Dian Wu, Jian-Wei Pan and colleagues (University of Science and Technology of China) demonstrate an all-optical scheme for the remote preparation of entangled photons that reaches an 82% heralding efficiency for event-ready entangled pairs through a lossy channel. Having distributed entanglement in this way, they then show teleportation-based transmission with a nearly threefold enhancement in efficiency over direct transmission — an unconditional advantage of teleportation over simply sending the photon. The result marks a concrete step toward loss-tolerant quantum networks. Published in Nature Physics (23 June 2026).
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): L.-C. Peng, D. Wu, Y. Li, … J.-W. Pan, “Unconditional advantage of quantum teleportation over direct transmission of single photons through a lossy channel,” Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03348-7
Keywords: quantum teleportation, 量子テレポーテーション, quantum communication, 量子通信, photon loss, 光子損失, lossy channel, 損失チャネル, entanglement, 量子もつれ, remote state preparation, 遠隔状態生成, heralding efficiency, ヘラルド効率, quantum key distribution, 量子鍵配送, Bell test, ベル検証, Jian-Wei Pan, 潘建偉, USTC, 中国科学技術大学, Nature Physics, 物理学, physics
In fractional quantum Hall (FQH) liquids, geometric (“quantum-metric”) theories predict chiral graviton modes — spin-2 neutral excitations that are condensed-matter analogues of gravitons, arising as the long-wavelength limit of the magnetoroton. After the first such mode was seen at filling factor ν = 1/3 (Nature, 2024), the question was whether these modes could reveal the deeper “parton” structure of FQH states.
Zihao Yang, Yifan Wang, Lingjie Du and colleagues (Nanjing University) now use inelastic scattering of circularly polarized light to observe multiple chiral graviton modes at additional filling factors. At ν = 2/9 several gravitons share the same chirality, and in the gapless, Fermi-liquid-like state at ν = 1/4 a high-energy graviton persists as a gapped chiral excitation. These patterns identify the chiral gravitons as geometrical excitations of the underlying partons — the fractionalized constituents in the parton construction of FQH states — giving direct spectroscopic evidence for the parton description of the quantum Hall effect. Published (open access) in Nature Physics (22 June 2026).
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): Z. Yang, Y. Wang, … L. Du, “Emergent partons in fractional quantum Hall systems,” Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03338-9
Keywords: fractional quantum Hall effect, 分数量子ホール効果, chiral graviton, カイラルグラビトン, magnetoroton, マグノロトン, parton, パートン, quantum geometry, 量子幾何学, quantum metric, 量子計量, spin-2 mode, スピン2モード, circularly polarized light, 円偏光, inelastic light scattering, 非弾性光散乱, filling factor, 充填率, Lingjie Du, Nanjing University, 南京大学, Nature Physics, 物理学, physics
Electrons floating on the surface of superfluid helium are an appealing but hard-to-read qubit platform: they are exceptionally well isolated from noise, yet single-electron quantum measurement had remained elusive.
Gerwin Koolstra, Elena O. Glen, Johannes Pollanen and colleagues (EeroQ Corporation) demonstrate, for the first time, strong coupling between a single microwave-cavity photon and the quantized motional state of one electron on helium, using a hybrid circuit-QED device that pairs a quantum dot with a high-impedance superconducting resonator. The measured coupling strength, g/2π = 118 MHz, exceeds both the electron’s motional decoherence and the resonator’s loss — placing the system firmly in the strong-coupling regime. This opens a route to single-electron spin-qubit readout via spin–orbit hybridization techniques already used in semiconductor devices, and to studying light–matter interaction at the single-electron level. Published in Nature Physics (15 June 2026).
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): G. Koolstra, E. O. Glen, … J. Pollanen, “Strong coupling of a microwave photon to an electron on helium,” Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03342-z
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2509.14506 [quant-ph]
Keywords: electron on helium, ヘリウム上の電子, superfluid helium, 超流動ヘリウム, qubit, 量子ビット, circuit QED, 回路QED, cavity quantum electrodynamics, 空洞量子電気力学, strong coupling, 強結合, superconducting resonator, 超伝導共振器, quantum dot, 量子ドット, spin qubit, スピン量子ビット, quantum computing, 量子コンピュータ, Johannes Pollanen, EeroQ Corporation, EeroQ社, Nature Physics, 物理学, physics
At gaps of a few hundred nanometres, radiative heat transfer can exceed the far-field blackbody limit by orders of magnitude, because evanescent surface waves — surface phonon polaritons — tunnel across the gap. Theory long suggested that metamaterials could push this near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) even further, but experimental proof was missing.
Zexiao Wang, Shanhui Fan (Stanford), Sheng Shen (Carnegie Mellon) and colleagues, with Purdue, pattern gold split-ring resonators on silicon-nitride (SiN) membranes and bring two such surfaces face-to-face across a nanoscale gap. The resonators’ electromagnetic modes couple strongly to the SiN’s surface phonon polaritons, enhancing heat transfer several-fold — compared with unstructured gold plates, and without exotic materials. It is one of the clearest demonstrations yet that heat flow can be engineered much like light or electricity, pointing toward contact-free chip cooling and more efficient waste-heat harvesting (thermophotovoltaics). Published in Nature 654, 64–68 (online 27 May 2026; widely reported 8 June 2026).
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): Z. Wang, R. Yu, … S. Fan, S. Shen, “Metamaterial-enhanced near-field radiative heat transfer,” Nature 654, 64–68 (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10595-4
Keywords: near-field radiative heat transfer, 近接場熱放射, NFRHT, metamaterial, メタマテリアル, surface phonon polariton, 表面フォノンポラリトン, split-ring resonator, スプリットリング共振器, silicon nitride, 窒化ケイ素, thermal radiation, 熱放射, chip cooling, チップ冷却, waste heat, 廃熱, thermophotovoltaics, 熱光起電, Shanhui Fan, Sheng Shen, Carnegie Mellon University, Stanford University, Nature, 物理学, physics
“Nonreciprocal” components act like one-way streets — letting signals pass in one direction while strongly blocking the other — and are staples of microwave and optical technology. Yet nonreciprocal quantum synchronization of phonons (quanta of vibration), one of the most natural nonreciprocal quantum resources, had gone unexplored.
Deng-Gao Lai, Adam Miranowicz and Franco Nori (RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing) propose the first scheme for it. By combining two effects — the Sagnac effect (from a spinning silica microsphere) and the magnon-Kerr effect (in a YIG sphere) — phonons synchronize when light or a magnetic field is applied from one direction but not from the other. Strikingly, the scheme is robust: thanks to a magnon-Kerr-induced transition, synchronization survives the fabrication imperfections and thermal noise that would derail earlier proposals. The work charts a route from “fragile” to robust one-way quantum resources for signal routing and quantum information. Published in Nature Communications 16, 8491 (2025); featured as a RIKEN Research Highlight in April 2026 and widely covered in June 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): D.-G. Lai, A. Miranowicz, F. Nori, “Nonreciprocal quantum synchronization,” Nature Communications 16, 8491 (2025), DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-63408-z
Press / 発表(解説): RIKEN Research, “A robust method for realizing nonreciprocal synchronization of phonons” (Apr. 2026)
Keywords: nonreciprocal, 非相反, one-way synchronization, 一方向同期, quantum synchronization, 量子同期, phonon, フォノン, Sagnac effect, サニャック効果, magnon-Kerr effect, マグノンカー効果, YIG, optomechanics, オプトメカニクス, magnonics, マグノニクス, Franco Nori, RIKEN, 理化学研究所, Nature Communications, 物理学, physics
Dark matter makes up about 85% of the matter in the Universe, yet its nature is unknown. Axions — hypothetical light particles — are a leading candidate, and theory predicts they can convert into photons in a strong magnetic field. But existing axion haloscopes rely on mechanically tuned cavities, which makes some mass ranges hard to reach.
A team at Rice University (first author Jaanita Mehrani, with co-corresponding author Junichiro Kono) proposes a detector called SQWARE (Semiconductor Quantum Well Axion Radiometer Experiment). It uses stacks of ultrathin semiconductor layers — multiple quantum wells — that trap electrons into two-dimensional sheets behaving like a plasma. In a magnetic field, axions convert into photons whose signal is enhanced by this plasma response, and the detector is tuned by varying the magnetic field rather than mechanically. This opens access to meV-scale axion masses that have been difficult to explore with current technologies. Published in Physical Review Letters.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): J. Mehrani, T. Xu, A. Baydin, … J. Kono, S. Huang, “Quantum Semiconductor Heterostructures for meV Axion Dark Matter Detection,” Phys. Rev. Lett. (2026), DOI: 10.1103/y7jl-gj2k
Press / 発表: Rice University News, “New detector design has potential to expand search for dark matter” (2026)
Keywords: axion, アクシオン, dark matter, 暗黒物質, SQWARE, multiple quantum wells, 多重量子井戸, semiconductor heterostructure, 半導体ヘテロ構造, axion-photon conversion, アクシオン光子変換, haloscope, ハロスコープ, electron plasma, 電子プラズマ, meV axion, Jaanita Mehrani, Junichiro Kono, 河野淳一郎, Rice University, ライス大学, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
The Galactic Center Excess (GCE) is a roughly spherical glow of gamma rays around the Milky Way’s centre that has puzzled physicists for over a decade. Two explanations compete: self-annihilating dark matter, or a large population of millisecond pulsars. Previous statistical analyses generally favoured pulsars — but they overlooked one key piece of information: the energy of each detected photon.
An international collaboration between the University of Vienna and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Florian List and colleagues) trained a machine-learning system on more than one million simulated gamma-ray observations, incorporating photon-energy information. Their analysis finds that the pulsar hypothesis would require at least 35,000 sources at the Galactic Centre — far more than the few hundred to few thousand assumed in some earlier studies — weakening one of the strongest arguments against dark matter. The team stresses this is not proof of dark matter, but shows it is too early to rule it out. Published in Physical Review Letters.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): F. List, Y. Park, N. L. Rodd, E. Schoen, F. Wolf, “Energy Distribution of the Galactic Center Excess’s Sources,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 136 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/dkcq-6y4f
Keywords: Galactic Center Excess, 銀河中心過剰放射, GCE, dark matter, 暗黒物質, gamma rays, ガンマ線, millisecond pulsar, ミリ秒パルサー, self-annihilating dark matter, 自己消滅暗黒物質, machine learning, 機械学習, Milky Way, 天の川銀河, Florian List, University of Vienna, ウィーン大学, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Quarks come in six flavours and bind into mesons (pairs) and baryons (triplets). Sixty years ago, as the quark structure of matter emerged, theorists built classification schemes that predicted as-yet-undiscovered particles — including “doubly charmed” baryons carrying two charm quarks.
At the Beauty 2026 conference in Maastricht, the LHCb Collaboration at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider announced the observation of the Ωcc⁺ baryon — two charm quarks plus one strange quark, with a mass around 3727 MeV/c², roughly four times the proton’s. It appears as a peak in the Ωc⁰π⁺ mass spectrum from 2024 collision data. With this, LHCb completes the family of doubly charmed baryons: the Ξcc⁺⁺ (2017), the Ξcc⁺ (earlier in 2026), and now the Ωcc⁺. Among the roughly 85 composite particles found at the LHC, these three are unique in that they decay by the weak force and live long enough to leave measurable flight distances. Announced by CERN / LHCb.
Primary source / 一次ソース: CERN, “LHCb discovers the final missing member of a doubly charmed particle family” (2026)
Details / 詳細: LHCb Outreach, “Observation of the doubly charmed baryon Ωcc⁺” (3 June 2026)
Keywords: LHCb, doubly charmed baryon, 二重チャームバリオン, Omega_cc+, Ωcc⁺, charm quark, チャームクォーク, strange quark, ストレンジクォーク, baryon, バリオン, quark model, クォークモデル, Eightfold Way, 八道説, CERN, Large Hadron Collider, 大型ハドロン衝突型加速器, Beauty 2026, QCD, 量子色力学, particle physics, 素粒子物理学, 物理学, physics
Many quantum technologies rely on single quantum emitters — atoms or molecules that interact strongly with light — for single photons, quantum memory and entanglement. To study them one at a time, they must be held in place, usually by trapping in vacuum or embedding in a bulk crystal. Molecules adsorbed on a surface would be far more accessible, but surface contaminants had always broadened their spectra below the ultimate limit.
Vahid Sandoghdar’s group at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light (first authors Masoud Mirzaei and Alexey Shkarin) reports Fourier-limited electronic transitions of single dibenzoterrylene (DBT) molecules on an anthracene crystal surface — the first time surface-adsorbed molecules reach the quantum limit where the linewidth is set only by the excited-state lifetime (a nano–electron-volt scale). The trick: an organic crystal that self-cleans by slow evaporation, combined with spectroscopy and super-resolution microscopy at liquid-helium temperature. This opens combined angstrom-scale spatial and high-resolution spectral studies of surfaces. Published in Science.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): M. Mirzaei, A. Shkarin, … S. Götzinger, V. Sandoghdar, “Nano–electron volt Fourier-limited transition of a single surface-adsorbed molecule,” Science (2026), DOI: 10.1126/science.aeg5014
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2510.14999
Keywords: single molecule, 単一分子, Fourier limit, フーリエ限界, quantum emitter, 量子エミッター, surface-adsorbed molecule, 表面吸着分子, dibenzoterrylene, DBT, anthracene, アントラセン, high-resolution spectroscopy, 高分解能分光, super-resolution microscopy, 超解像顕微鏡, Vahid Sandoghdar, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, マックスプランク光科学研究所, Science, 物理学, physics
In everyday life you cannot combine two cups of warm water into one cup of boiling water — but in the quantum world, two low-energy photons can merge into one higher-energy photon. This photon upconversion via triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) turns visible light into ultraviolet, but efficient solid-state versions had been elusive: solids need molecules packed close enough to transfer triplet energy yet far enough apart to avoid quenching.
A Kyushu University team (Naoyuki Harada, Yoichi Sasaki, Nobuo Kimizuka and colleagues) solved this with dihydroindeno[2,1-a]indene derivatives bearing alkyl chains above and below the π-plane, which precisely set the spacing between neighbouring molecules. By combining high solid-state emission with efficient triplet energy transfer, and paired with a donor, the material reaches 1.9% visible-to-UV upconversion efficiency under ordinary sunlight-level intensity (a few mW/cm²). Because sunlight contains only a few percent UV, such materials could boost UV-driven photocatalysis (for example water splitting) and solar energy use. Published in Nature Communications.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): N. Harada, H. Shoyama, … Y. Sasaki, N. Kimizuka, “Sterically protected π-electron systems for efficient solid-state photon upconversion,” Nature Communications (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-73898-0
Press / 発表: Kyushu University / EurekAlert!, “Harvesting UV light from sunlight just got ‘solid’” (June 2026)
Keywords: photon upconversion, フォトンアップコンバージョン, triplet-triplet annihilation, 三重項三重項消滅, TTA, visible to UV, 可視光紫外変換, solid-state, 固体, organic semiconductor, 有機半導体, dihydroindenoindene, quantum yield, 量子収率, solar energy, 太陽エネルギー, photocatalysis, 光触媒, Kyushu University, 九州大学, Nature Communications, 物理学, physics
Semiconductor quantum dots are prime single-photon sources for quantum technology, but their coherent Rabi oscillations are damped by coupling to lattice vibrations (phonons). Because the phonon spectral density is non-monotonic in energy, theory predicted back in 2007 (Vagov et al.) that at sufficiently high driving power the damping should weaken and the Rabi rotations should reappear — an effect that had lived only in idealized models.
Physicists at Paderborn University (Lukas Hanschke, Klaus D. Jöns and colleagues, with theory from TU Dortmund and dots grown at Johannes Kepler University Linz) have now demonstrated this reappearance experimentally in a resonantly driven GaAs quantum dot. As the pulse power increases, the phonon-damped oscillations recover, confirming the long-standing prediction and signalling high coherence and precise optical control — a step toward scalable quantum applications. Published in Physical Review Letters.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): L. Hanschke, T. K. Bracht, … D. E. Reiter, K. D. Jöns, “Experimental Measurement of the Reappearance of Rabi Rotations in Semiconductor Quantum Dots,” Phys. Rev. Lett. (2026), DOI: 10.1103/s212-43gs
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2409.19167
Keywords: Rabi oscillations, ラビ振動, Rabi rotations, quantum dot, 量子ドット, semiconductor, 半導体, phonon, フォノン, single-photon source, 単一光子源, coherence, コヒーレンス, GaAs, phonon spectral density, フォノンスペクトル密度, Lukas Hanschke, Paderborn University, パーダーボルン大学, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Magnons — quanta of spin waves in magnetic materials — are attractive building blocks for hybrid quantum systems: they naturally couple to phonons, photons and superconducting qubits, and their nanometre wavelengths could shrink circuits to smartphone-chip scale. Their drawback has been a very short lifetime, at most a few hundred nanoseconds — far too brief for practical quantum computation.
An international team led by Andrii Chumak at the University of Vienna (experiment by Rostyslav Serha) extended magnon lifetimes roughly a hundredfold, to as long as 18 microseconds — comparable to the coherence of the transmon superconducting qubits used in today’s processors. The keys were using short-wavelength dipole-exchange magnons (naturally less sensitive to surface defects) in ultra-pure YIG at low temperature. Crucially, they found the limit is set not by fundamental physics but by material quality, pointing toward even longer lifetimes and, ultimately, quantum processors the size of a one-cent coin. Published in Science Advances (1 May 2026; widely re-reported in late June 2026).
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): R. O. Serha, K. H. McAllister, … A. V. Chumak, D. A. Bozhko, “Ultralong-living magnons in the quantum limit,” Science Advances (2026), DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aee2344
Press / 発表: University of Vienna, “Breakthrough in magnon research paves the way for mini quantum computers” (2026)
Keywords: magnon, マグノン, spin wave, スピン波, magnon lifetime, マグノン寿命, yttrium iron garnet, イットリウム鉄ガーネット, YIG, magnonics, マグノニクス, dipole-exchange magnon, ダイポール交換マグノン, hybrid quantum system, ハイブリッド量子系, coherence, コヒーレンス, quantum computing, 量子コンピュータ, Andrii Chumak, University of Vienna, ウィーン大学, Science Advances, 物理学, physics
The geometry of quantum states — quantified by objects like the Berry phase — underlies phenomena from electrical conductivity to superconductivity. Extending these ideas to non-Hermitian quantum mechanics, where a system exchanges energy with its environment, is subtle: the non-Hermitian Berry phase can be complex, and its imaginary part governs amplification or decay of the wave intensity. Which genuinely new geometric effects appear had been unclear.
Tomoki Ozawa (Advanced Institute for Materials Research, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University) and Henning Schomerus (Lancaster University) show that when a non-Hermitian system has certain symmetries, such as reciprocity, the geometric contribution to adiabatic amplification becomes path-independent — depending only on the ratio of the Petermann factors at the start and end points. The Petermann factor, a static measure of how non-orthogonal a system’s eigenstates are, thus directly controls the amplification, offering a practical route to measure this experimentally challenging quantity. Published in Physical Review Research; highlighted by AIMR in June 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): T. Ozawa, H. Schomerus, “Geometric contribution to adiabatic amplification in non-Hermitian systems,” Phys. Rev. Research 7, 013173 (2025), DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.013173
Keywords: non-Hermitian, 非エルミート, quantum geometry, 量子幾何, Berry phase, ベリー位相, Petermann factor, ペーターマン因子, adiabatic amplification, 断熱増幅, reciprocity, 相反性, eigenstate non-orthogonality, 固有状態非直交性, open quantum system, 開放量子系, Tomoki Ozawa, 小澤知己, Tohoku University, 東北大学, AIMR, Physical Review Research, 物理学, physics
Hawking radiation — the quantum emission of particles at a black hole’s event horizon — connects gravity with quantum mechanics and thermodynamics, and the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy has long been a benchmark for candidate theories of quantum gravity. But it has never been observed in astronomy, only in laboratory analogues. A basic question remained open: exactly how the quanta of a field give rise to Hawking quanta, and how that emission reacts back on the field that produces it.
Lorenzo M. Procopio, Raúl Agüero-Santacruz, David Bermúdez and Ulf Leonhardt (Paderborn University’s Institute for Photonic Quantum Systems, the Weizmann Institute of Science, and Cinvestav in Mexico) report experimental and theoretical evidence for the process that generates Hawking radiation in a fibre-optical analogue of an event horizon. Where the emission had been thought to arise from a complicated, cascaded process, the team finds a simple, direct process — and, crucially, measures its backreaction on the optical pump (a small frequency shift of the pump, together with an emerging sideband structure). Simplifying the theory this way opens new routes to calculate effects in analogue systems and, the authors suggest, may even shed light on how Hawking radiation arises in gravity itself. Published in Nature (online 1 July 2026).
Journal article / 論文: L. M. Procopio, R. Agüero-Santacruz, D. Bermúdez, U. Leonhardt, “Backreaction of stimulated Hawking radiation in an optical analogue,” Nature (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10720-3
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2607.01118
Keywords: Hawking radiation, ホーキング放射, analogue gravity, アナログ重力, optical analogue, 光学アナログ, event horizon, 事象の地平面, backreaction, バックリアクション, fibre optics, 光ファイバー, black hole, ブラックホール, quantum gravity, 量子重力, Ulf Leonhardt, Lorenzo Procopio, Paderborn University, Weizmann Institute, Cinvestav, Nature, 物理学, physics
Hadronization — the process by which quarks bind through the strong force into composite particles such as protons and neutrons — happens immediately after collisions at machines like the LHC and is notoriously hard to compute from first principles on classical computers. Being able to simulate it directly would sharpen searches for physics beyond the Standard Model.
Anthony N. Ciavarella (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), accessing an IBM quantum computer through the U.S. Department of Energy’s Quantum Computer User Program (QCUP) at Oak Ridge, used 104 of the 156 qubits on IBM’s Heron processor to simulate string breaking — the mechanism in which the gluon “string” between quarks stretches and snaps, creating a new quark–antiquark pair — within a simplified, one-dimensional, heavy-quark model. Using a scalable “concurrent variational” circuit method he co-developed, the simulation reproduced earlier classical-supercomputer results and even hinted that part of the gluon string may behave like a finite-temperature gas (“gasification”) before separating. It is one of the larger digital quantum simulations of a particle-physics process to date and a concrete step toward using quantum computers to make predictions for collider physics. Published in Physical Review D (2025); the result was highlighted anew by Berkeley Lab at the end of June 2026.
Report / 報道: Phys.org, “Quantum computer simulates hadronization, reproducing string breaking with 104 qubits” (30 June 2026)
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2411.05915
Keywords: hadronization, ハドロン化, string breaking, 弦の破断, quantum simulation, 量子シミュレーション, quantum computing, 量子コンピュータ, IBM Heron, lattice gauge theory, 格子ゲージ理論, QCD, 量子色力学, quarks, クォーク, gluon string, グルーオンの弦, Anthony Ciavarella, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, QCUP, Physical Review D, 物理学, physics
Superconductors carry current with zero resistance, but the ones we know were mostly found by chance, and identifying new ones is like searching for a needle in an essentially infinite haystack of possible compounds. A route to screen that space quickly would accelerate the long-sought goal of a room-temperature superconductor.
An international team from the SuperC consortium — led by Päivi Törmä (Aalto University) with synthesis led by Emilia Morosan (Rice University), and collaborators at Princeton, Ruhr University Bochum and the Donostia International Physics Center — used machine-learning-based prescreening followed by targeted first-principles calculations to predict, and then experimentally confirm, bulk superconductivity in two kagome-lattice compounds: YRu₃B₂ (Tc ≈ 0.81 K) and LuRu₃B₂ (Tc ≈ 0.95 K). Both crystallize in the hexagonal CeCo₃B₂-type structure, show nearly 100% superconducting volume fractions, and derive their superconductivity from electrons in flat bands of the Ru kagome network. The authors say the pipeline could eventually screen up to billions of candidate materials. Published in Physical Review Research (17 June 2026).
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2512.16945
Keywords: machine learning, 機械学習, superconductivity, 超伝導, kagome lattice, カゴメ格子, flat band, フラットバンド, YRu3B2, LuRu3B2, high-throughput screening, ハイスループット・スクリーニング, materials discovery, 材料探索, room-temperature superconductor, 室温超伝導, quantum geometry, 量子幾何, Paivi Torma, Emilia Morosan, SuperC, Aalto University, Rice University, Physical Review Research, 物理学, physics
Gravitational waves — ripples in spacetime from colliding black holes and neutron stars — were first detected in 2015. A decade on, gravitational-wave astronomy has become statistical astronomy: when the detectors are running, they now pick up three to four signals every week.
The LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA (LVK) collaboration has released the Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalogue 5.0 (GWTC-5), adding 161 new events observed between 10 April 2024 and 28 January 2025 (the O4b observing run) and bringing the grand total of confirmed detections since 2015 to 390. The catalogue’s highlights include the clearest gravitational-wave signal ever recorded, the most precise sky localization of any source to date, the first measurement of three vibrational modes (“tones”) of a black hole, and evidence for second-generation black holes — black holes that are themselves products of earlier mergers, identified through their unusual spins. The enlarged dataset also yields a new gravitational-wave measurement of the Hubble constant (the expansion rate of the Universe) about 25% more precise than the previous such estimate, and enables new tests of general relativity. The six core and companion papers were posted to arXiv and submitted to The Astrophysical Journal and The Astrophysical Journal Letters; a further update covering 68 additional candidates from the end of O4 is in preparation. Announced by the LVK collaboration on 26 May 2026 and highlighted again by member institutions in early July.
Primary source / 一次ソース: LIGO Scientific Collaboration, “GWTC-5.0: Updated LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA Catalog sets new records in precision gravitational wave astronomy” (2026)
Details / 詳細: Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (AEI) — The new LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA catalog sets records
Keywords: GWTC-5, gravitational wave catalog, 重力波カタログ, LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, かぐら, LVK, gravitational waves, 重力波, black hole merger, ブラックホール合体, second-generation black holes, 第2世代ブラックホール, ringdown, リングダウン, quasinormal modes, 準固有振動, Hubble constant, ハッブル定数, sky localization, 天球位置決定, O4b, neutron star, 中性子星, general relativity, 一般相対性理論, astrophysics, 宇宙物理学, 物理学, physics
Primordial black holes (PBHs) — black holes hypothesized to have formed in the first fraction of a second after the Big Bang, rather than from collapsing stars — have never been observed, yet remain a leading candidate for at least part of the Universe’s dark matter. Because ordinary stellar evolution cannot produce black holes lighter than the Sun, a sub-solar-mass merger would be a smoking gun.
On 12 November 2025, the LVK network reported the compact-binary merger candidate S251112cm: a signal with no electromagnetic counterpart, consistent with a binary black hole whose chirp mass lies in the range 0.1–0.87 solar masses, with at least one component in the sub-solar “mass gap” where stellar-origin black holes are not expected. Alberto Magaraggia and Nico Cappelluti (University of Miami) tested a physically motivated PBH population formed during the QCD epoch and found that, with PBHs making up about a third of dark matter in this mass range, the predicted detectable sub-solar merger rate (~0.8 per year) agrees well with the rate inferred from this single detection across LVK’s O1–O4 runs. An independent analysis by Haque, Iocco and Visinelli likewise concludes that a PBH interpretation is fully consistent with current constraints. Both teams stress the caveats: the event is still a candidate awaiting full parameter estimation, and a single detection cannot be conclusive — but if validated, S251112cm would be a compelling first detection of a merging sub-solar-mass PBH binary. Posted as arXiv preprints; highlighted anew by science media in early July 2026.
Primary source / 一次ソース(プレプリント): A. Magaraggia & N. Cappelluti, “Implications for Primordial Black Hole Dark Matter from a Single Subsolar Mass Gravitational-wave Detection in LVK O1–O4,” arXiv:2602.21295 (2026)
Details / 詳細(独立解析): M. R. Haque, F. Iocco & L. Visinelli, “Primordial Black Hole interpretation of the sub-solar merger event S251112cm,” arXiv:2603.25795 (2026)
Keywords: primordial black hole, 原始ブラックホール, PBH, S251112cm, sub-solar mass, 太陽質量未満, サブソーラー, dark matter, 暗黒物質, gravitational waves, 重力波, LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, LVK, chirp mass, チャープ質量, QCD epoch, QCD時代, early universe, 初期宇宙, black hole, ブラックホール, University of Miami, マイアミ大学, compact binary merger, コンパクト連星合体, cosmology, 宇宙論, 物理学, physics
Trapped ions are workhorse qubits for quantum computers and sensors, now confined on miniaturized chips just above the surface. But noisy electromagnetic fields emanating from the chip itself disturb the fragile quantum states — and for more than 30 years, physicists have argued about where this electric-field noise actually comes from.
Tobias Sägesser, Jonathan Home and colleagues (ETH Zurich) turned the problem on its head: they used a single beryllium ion as a scanning probe. Their chip-based Penning trap confines the ion with static electric and magnetic fields only, allowing it to be positioned anywhere in three dimensions above the chip — impossible in conventional radio-frequency traps — and making tiny oscillating fields easier to detect. Laser-cooling the ion to its motional ground state and then watching how stray fields excite its oscillation, the team mapped a 200×200 micrometre region and set a sensitivity record: an oscillating electric field of just 10 nanovolts per metre detected in one second. Static electric fields were read from the ion’s displacement and magnetic fields from shifts in its energy levels. The full 3D maps can be compared directly with theoretical noise models, offering a new tool to identify interference sources and to screen chip materials and fabrication processes for future quantum hardware. Published in Science Advances (19 June 2026); announced by ETH Zurich in July.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): T. Sägesser et al., “A three-dimensional scanning trapped-ion probe,” Science Advances 12, eaec0794 (2026), DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aec0794
Details / 詳細: ETH Zurich — “3D scanner for electromagnetic fields”
Keywords: trapped ion, トラップイオン, Penning trap, ペニングトラップ, quantum sensor, 量子センサ, electric field noise, 電場ノイズ, quantum computer, 量子コンピュータ, beryllium ion, ベリリウムイオン, ground-state cooling, 基底状態冷却, ETH Zurich, ETHチューリッヒ, electromagnetic field mapping, 電磁場マッピング, ion trap chip, イオントラップチップ, quantum metrology, 量子計測, Science Advances, 物理学, physics
For decades, magnetic memory (MRAM) has been built on spintronics — using the electron’s spin to store and move information. Orbitronics instead exploits the electron’s orbital angular momentum (loosely, the quantum “vortex” of the electron around atomic nuclei) and orbital currents, which can carry far larger signals than spin currents. The catch: until now, orbital currents always had to be converted into spin currents before they could be used, bleeding away energy and efficiency.
Christin Schmitt, Mathias Kläui and colleagues (Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz) have now removed this bottleneck, realizing the first purely orbitronic device concept. In a CoO/Cu–CuO heterostructure, they coupled the mobile orbital moments travelling in the orbital current directly to localized orbital moments inside the antiferromagnet cobalt oxide — no spin conversion layer required. Read-out based on orbital currents produced electrical signals roughly 100 times larger than comparable spintronic approaches. Eliminating the conversion step makes switching markedly more efficient, and the demonstration establishes antiferromagnets with strong orbital character as a hardware platform for non-volatile memory and computing with extremely low energy consumption. Published in Science.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): C. Schmitt et al. (Kläui group), Science (2026), DOI: 10.1126/science.adw1808
Details / 詳細: Phys.org — “Orbitronics clears key hurdle with direct orbital currents, boosting signals 100-fold” (2026)
Keywords: orbitronics, オービトロニクス, orbital current, 軌道流, orbital angular momentum, 軌道角運動量, spintronics, スピントロニクス, antiferromagnet, 反強磁性体, CoO, 酸化コバルト, heterostructure, ヘテロ構造, MRAM, 磁気メモリ, low-power memory, 低消費電力メモリ, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, マインツ大学, condensed matter physics, 物性物理学, Science, 物理学, physics
Every wire wastes energy because electrons collide — with each other and with the lattice. But how much resistance can collisions generate before something fundamental stops them? The question matters for one of condensed matter’s longest-standing puzzles: strange metals, whose resistivity climbs linearly with temperature at the so-called Planckian rate (~kBT/ℏ) without saturating, defying conventional theory since the 1980s.
Frank Corapi, Joseph Thywissen and colleagues (University of Toronto, École Normale Supérieure Paris, Lehigh University) attacked the problem with a clean quantum simulator: ultracold fermionic potassium-40 atoms in an optical lattice, standing in for electrons in a Hubbard metal, free of phonons and disorder. Driving the interactions ever stronger, they found that the collision-induced resistivity does not grow without bound — it saturates at a hard quantum ceiling the team calls “lattice unitarity”. The origin is a quantum enhancement of the effective scattering cross-section: like ducks floating in bubbles that collide with the size of their bubbles rather than their bodies, the atoms’ effective size is capped by quantum mechanics on the lattice. This microscopic bound is distinct from and complementary to the geometric Mott–Ioffe–Regel limit, and it hands physicists a fresh, well-controlled benchmark for testing theories of Planckian dissipation in strange metals. Published in Physical Review Letters 136, 213401 (26 May 2026); widely highlighted at the turn of July.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): F. Corapi et al., “Lattice Unitarity: Saturated Collisional Resistivity in Hubbard Metals,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 213401 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/bhw8-p536
Keywords: lattice unitarity, 格子ユニタリティ, resistivity, 電気抵抗率, Planckian dissipation, プランキアン散逸, strange metal, ストレンジメタル, 奇妙な金属, Hubbard model, ハバード模型, quantum simulation, 量子シミュレーション, ultracold atoms, 超冷却原子, potassium-40, カリウム40, optical lattice, 光格子, Mott-Ioffe-Regel limit, モット・イオッフェ・レーゲル限界, University of Toronto, トロント大学, condensed matter, 物性物理学, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
The double copy is one of the most surprising structures found in modern theoretical physics: it states that gravity behaves, in a precise mathematical sense, like “two copies” of a gauge theory (the kind of theory describing the strong and electroweak forces). It has been extensively verified for scattering amplitudes in empty space — but whether it extends to genuinely non-perturbative, curved-spacetime phenomena like Hawking radiation was unknown.
In a pair of companion papers, Anton Ilderton, William Lindved and Karthik Rajeev show that Hawking radiation from a collapsing black hole — its thermal spectrum and horizon dependence included — emerges as the double copy of particle production in a background gauge field, even though the gauge-theory side has no global horizon and no thermal spectrum at all. Their approach, combining worldline and amplitude methods, also unifies several previously separate classical and quantum double-copy prescriptions for black hole spacetimes. In the second paper, John Joseph Carrasco and Yaxi Chen trace the origin of the thermality itself: analyzing the non-Abelian Yang–Mills “root” of the process, they find the radiation is thermal not in energy but in the color-charge eigenvalue, whose distribution follows the Wigner semicircle of random matrix theory — meaning the familiar Planck-like thermality of gravity is the direct dual of charge thermality in its underlying gauge theory. The results open a new route into black-hole puzzles, including information-related questions, from the gauge-theory side. Published in Physical Review Letters 136, 081603 & 081604 (2026); featured in the July 2026 issue of Science News.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): A. Ilderton, W. Lindved & K. Rajeev, “Hawking Radiation from the Double Copy,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 081603 (2026)
Journal article / 論文(姉妹論文): J. J. M. Carrasco & Y. Chen, “Double Copy Root of Hawking Thermality,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 081604 (2026)
Keywords: double copy, ダブルコピー, Hawking radiation, ホーキング放射, black hole, ブラックホール, gauge theory, ゲージ理論, Yang-Mills, ヤン・ミルズ理論, quantum gravity, 量子重力, thermal spectrum, 熱スペクトル, event horizon, 事象の地平面, color charge, 色電荷, random matrix theory, ランダム行列理論, Wigner semicircle, ウィグナー半円則, scattering amplitudes, 散乱振幅, theoretical physics, 理論物理学, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Type Ia supernovae are cosmology’s “standard candles”: their calibrated brightness lets astronomers measure cosmic distances, and they underpinned the discovery that the Universe’s expansion is accelerating — the effect attributed to dark energy. But they are not perfectly identical: a supernova’s observed brightness subtly depends on its host galaxy (age, mass, dust), and the simple correction recipes used so far limit the precision of the whole enterprise.
Konstantin Karchev, Roberto Trotta and Raúl Jiménez, in work led by the Institute of Cosmos Sciences of the University of Barcelona (ICCUB) together with SISSA (Trieste), present CIGaRS (Combined Inference and Galaxy-Related Standardisation), a framework that combines physics-based simulations with AI-driven simulation-based inference to model the supernova and its host-galaxy photometry simultaneously, in unprecedented detail. The payoff: cosmic distances estimated from imaging data alone with near-spectroscopic accuracy. The authors estimate the approach could tighten cosmological constraints by up to a factor of four compared with traditional methods that rely on relatively small spectroscopic samples — exactly what is needed to digest the flood of millions of supernovae expected from the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, and to sharpen our understanding of dark energy. Published in Nature Astronomy (6 May 2026, open access); highlighted again as the Rubin survey era begins.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): K. Karchev, R. Trotta & R. Jiménez, “CIGaRS I: combined simulation-based inference from type Ia supernovae and host photometry,” Nature Astronomy (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41550-026-02842-5
Keywords: CIGaRS, Type Ia supernova, Ia型超新星, dark energy, 暗黒エネルギー, simulation-based inference, シミュレーションベース推論, machine learning, 機械学習, AI, 人工知能, cosmology, 宇宙論, standard candle, 標準光源, host galaxy, 母銀河, Vera C. Rubin Observatory, ヴェラ・ルービン天文台, cosmic expansion, 宇宙膨張, Hubble diagram, ハッブル図, University of Barcelona, バルセロナ大学, Nature Astronomy, 物理学, physics
Chemical reactions are, at heart, molecules changing shape: hopping between different 3D conformations across an energy landscape. Watching — let alone steering — those rearrangements one structure at a time has been a long-standing challenge, because conventional one-color spectroscopy loses its signal the moment the molecule switches form.
América Y. Torres-Boy, Gerard Meijer, Gert von Helden and colleagues (Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin) exploited the globally unique two-color operation of their dual-oscillator infrared free-electron laser (IR-FEL): two intense IR beams whose timing is tightly synchronized while their frequencies (“colors”) are independently tunable over a wide range. Molecular ions — a singly deuterated proton-bound dimer of dihydrogen phosphate and formate — were embedded in superfluid helium nanodroplets a fraction of a degree above absolute zero, which cool them rapidly while letting them keep absorbing laser light. With one color pumping and the other probing, the team gained full control over the population of the two isomers and recorded the infrared spectra of the individual isomers — fingerprints that remain hidden in ordinary one-color experiments. The technique opens a new window on how molecules rearrange during chemical reactions, with the long-term prospect of steering reaction pathways with light. Published in Physical Review Letters 137, 013001 (1 July 2026).
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): A. Y. Torres-Boy et al., “Controlling Isomer Population Using a Dual-Oscillator Infrared Free-Electron Laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 013001 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/2hy7-w3qb
Details / 詳細: Phys.org — “Synchronized infrared lasers control molecular shape changes and expose hidden fingerprints” (2026)
Keywords: free-electron laser, 自由電子レーザー, IR-FEL, two-color laser, 2色レーザー, infrared spectroscopy, 赤外分光, isomer, 異性体, conformation, コンフォメーション, 立体配座, helium nanodroplet, ヘリウムナノ液滴, superfluid helium, 超流動ヘリウム, molecular physics, 分子物理学, chemical reaction dynamics, 化学反応動力学, Fritz Haber Institute, フリッツ・ハーバー研究所, Max Planck Society, マックス・プランク協会, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
In conventional superconductors, supercurrent relies on electrons moving through dispersive bands. In flat bands — where the electron velocity nearly vanishes — superconductivity should naively be impossible, yet magic-angle graphene systems superconduct anyway. A growing body of theory attributes this to quantum geometry: the “quantum metric” of the electronic wavefunctions can supply the superfluid stiffness that band dispersion cannot. Direct experimental evidence tying the two together has, however, remained scarce.
Le Liu, Yu Hong, Chengping Zhang and colleagues, led by Kam Tuen Law (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology), Guangyu Zhang and Wei Yang (Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, with collaborators at NIMS in Tsukuba), studied alternating twisted quadrilayer graphene — four graphene sheets whose twist angle alternates in sign, so that dispersive Dirac bands and flat bands coexist. Transport measurements reveal robust superconductivity with a maximum Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition temperature of 1.6 K, critical magnetic fields beyond the Pauli limit, and a superconducting coupling strength that can be tuned with an electric displacement field. Analyzing Landau fan diagrams at zero displacement field, the team disentangled the Dirac and flat-band contributions, revealing a Coulomb-interaction-induced band broadening; they further report a vanishing Fermi velocity accompanied by an unexpectedly large superfluid stiffness — behavior they attribute to quantum metric contributions, concentrated at “hot spots” created by the hybridization of Dirac and flat bands. Published open access in npj Quantum Materials on 4 July 2026 (preprint: arXiv:2501.06460).
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース・プレプリント): L. Liu, Y. Hong, C. Zhang, … K. T. Law, G. Zhang, W. Yang, “Electric field tunable coupling strength and quantum metric hot spots in a moiré flatband superconductor,” arXiv:2501.06460 — published in npj Quantum Materials (open access, 4 July 2026)
Keywords: twisted quadrilayer graphene, ツイスト4層グラフェン, alternating twisted multilayer graphene, 交互ツイスト多層グラフェン, magic angle, 魔法角, moiré superlattice, モアレ超格子, flat band superconductivity, 平坦バンド超伝導, quantum metric, 量子計量, quantum geometry, 量子幾何, superfluid stiffness, 超流動剛性, BKT transition, BKT転移, Pauli limit, パウリ限界, Dirac band, ディラックバンド, Kam Tuen Law, Wei Yang, Guangyu Zhang, IOP CAS, HKUST, NIMS, npj Quantum Materials, condensed matter physics, 凝縮系物理学, 物理学, physics
Simulating matter at finite temperature requires preparing thermal (Gibbs) states — the quantum analogue of the equilibrium distributions that classical Monte Carlo methods sample so successfully. Quantum computers excel at simulating Hamiltonian dynamics, but preparing thermal equilibrium states has remained a major bottleneck: recently proposed dissipative “quantum Gibbs samplers” based on engineered Lindblad evolutions could be implemented efficiently, but nobody had proven how fast they actually converge.
Cambyse Rouzé (Inria / Télécom Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris), Daniel Stilck França (ENS de Lyon / University of Copenhagen) and Álvaro M. Alhambra (Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, Madrid) now prove that this dissipative evolution thermalizes to the Gibbs state in time scaling polynomially with system size at high enough temperatures, for any Hamiltonian satisfying a Lieb–Robinson bound — such as local Hamiltonians on a lattice. They also show the efficient adiabatic preparation of the associated purifications, the “thermofield double” states familiar from high-energy physics. In the low-temperature regime the same family of evolutions becomes computationally equivalent to universal polynomial-time quantum computation — strong evidence that no classical algorithm can mimic it in general. Together, the results establish quantum Gibbs sampling as a rigorous quantum analogue of classical Monte Carlo methods. Published in Nature Physics (DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03246-y) and highlighted in an accompanying Nature Physics News & Views in early July 2026; a companion proof in Physical Review Letters 136, 060601 shows convergence in time scaling only logarithmically with system size at high temperature.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): C. Rouzé, D. Stilck França & Á. M. Alhambra, “Efficient thermalization and universal quantum computing with quantum Gibbs samplers,” Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03246-y
Companion paper / 姉妹論文: C. Rouzé, D. Stilck França & Á. M. Alhambra, “Optimal Quantum Algorithm for Gibbs State Preparation,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 060601 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/lhht-svmn
Keywords: quantum Gibbs sampler, 量子ギブスサンプラー, Gibbs state, ギブス状態, thermal state preparation, 熱平衡状態の準備, quantum simulation, 量子シミュレーション, Lindbladian, リンドブラディアン, dissipative dynamics, 散逸ダイナミクス, thermofield double state, 熱場二重状態, Lieb-Robinson bound, リーブ・ロビンソン束縛, quantum Monte Carlo, 量子モンテカルロ, BQP, quantum computing, 量子計算, Rouzé, Stilck França, Alhambra, Nature Physics, quantum information, 量子情報, 物理学, physics
The microscopic laws of physics are largely symmetric under time reversal, yet the processes we observe are not — the emergent asymmetry is known as the arrow of time. In quantum physics, an arrow of time emerges when a system is measured: unlike in classical physics, quantum measurements stochastically change the state of the system being observed, singling out a direction for time.
Luis Pedro García-Pintos (Los Alamos National Laboratory), Yi-Kai Liu (NIST / University of Maryland) and Alexey V. Gorshkov (NIST / University of Maryland) introduce quantum control tools that can yield dynamics more consistent with time flowing backward than forward. The key is the explicit construction of a control Hamiltonian that replicates the stochastic trajectories of a monitored quantum system: used in a feedback loop, it can cancel, amplify or overcompensate the disturbance caused by measurements, generating trajectories consistent with a stretched, blurred or even inverted arrow of time, and it can simulate the backward-in-time dynamics of an open quantum system. As an application, the team designed a feedback-driven continuous measurement engine — a modern Maxwell’s demon — powered by the energy that the monitoring process itself pumps into the system, and showed it can operate under experimentally realistic conditions including feedback delay and finite-efficiency measurements. The authors envision demonstrations with superconducting qubits, with implications for quantum state preparation and energy extraction. Published in Physical Review X 16, 011028 (19 February 2026); widely featured in early July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): L. P. García-Pintos, Y.-K. Liu & A. V. Gorshkov, “Reshaping the Quantum Arrow of Time,” Phys. Rev. X 16, 011028 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/l18s-9vmh
Details / 詳細: Phys.org — “New controls can stretch, blur and even reverse quantum time flow” (2026)
Keywords: arrow of time, 時間の矢, time reversal, 時間反転, quantum measurement, 量子測定, monitored quantum systems, 監視下の量子系, quantum feedback control, 量子フィードバック制御, stochastic trajectories, 確率的軌跡, measurement engine, 測定エンジン, Maxwell's demon, マクスウェルの悪魔, quantum thermodynamics, 量子熱力学, open quantum systems, 開放量子系, superconducting qubits, 超伝導量子ビット, García-Pintos, Gorshkov, Los Alamos National Laboratory, ロスアラモス国立研究所, NIST, Physical Review X, 物理学, physics
Phonons are the quanta of sound and lattice vibrations — the acoustic counterpart of photons. Generating them in a controlled, on-demand way is hard, yet doing so would open paths to phonon lasers and to communication in media where light and radio cannot travel, such as deep water or the human body. One long-known route is to push electrons in a crystal faster than the speed of sound, so they shed energy as acoustic phonons, in analogy with a sonic boom or Cherenkov radiation.
Z. T. Wang and Michael Hilke (McGill University), with N. Fong, D. G. Austing and S. A. Studenikin (National Research Council of Canada) and K. W. West and L. N. Pfeiffer (Princeton University, who grew the ultrapure material), drove a DC current through an ultrahigh-mobility two-dimensional electron gas at temperatures from 10 millikelvin to 3.9 kelvin. At a current density of roughly 1.1 A/m, the electron drift velocity reaches the speed of sound, about 3 km/s. Above this “sound barrier” the magnetoresistivity shows very strong resonant features with only weak temperature dependence — phonon-induced resistance oscillations from resonant magnetophonon emission by the supersonic electrons — whereas in the subsonic regime such scattering is strongly suppressed as the sample cools. The measured phonon generation exceeded what existing theories predicted, showing that electrons can be extremely “hot” even when the host crystal sits near absolute zero, and establishing a tunable, chip-scale phonon source. The team next plans to try faster materials such as graphene. Published in Physical Review Letters 136, 146302 (8 April 2026); featured by ScienceDaily on 1 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): Z. T. Wang, M. Hilke, N. Fong, D. G. Austing, S. A. Studenikin, K. W. West & L. N. Pfeiffer, “Resonant Magnetophonon Emission by Supersonic Electrons in Ultrahigh-Mobility Two-Dimensional Systems,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 146302 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/m1nb-j1h6
Details / 詳細: McGill University / EurekAlert! — “Novel device could boost the development of sound-based lasers” (2026)
Keywords: phonon, フォノン, phonon laser, フォノンレーザー, supersonic electrons, 超音速電子, magnetophonon resonance, マグネトフォノン共鳴, phonon-induced resistance oscillations, フォノン誘起抵抗振動, PIRO, two-dimensional electron gas, 二次元電子ガス, 2DEG, ultrahigh mobility, 超高移動度, sound barrier, 音速の壁, drift velocity, ドリフト速度, quantum acoustics, 量子音響学, McGill University, マギル大学, NRC Canada, Princeton, Michael Hilke, Physical Review Letters, condensed matter physics, 凝縮系物理学, 物理学, physics
Superfluids such as liquid helium near absolute zero flow with zero viscosity, yet they still act as solvents: a molecule dissolved inside one interacts with the surrounding helium atoms, effectively “dressing up” and becoming bigger and harder to spin — like a growing snowball. Optical centrifuges — rotating laser pulses whose electric field drags molecules around with it — have long been used to spin molecules in gases, but the same approach had never succeeded inside a superfluid.
Ian MacPhail-Bartley, Alexander A. Milner and Valery Milner (University of British Columbia), with Frank Stienkemeier (University of Freiburg), embedded dimers of nitric oxide, (NO)₂, in superfluid helium nanodroplets and introduced a short time delay between the centrifuge laser pulses. The resulting interference produces a much lower, steady rotation rate that boosts the molecules’ “spinnability,” achieving the first controlled molecular rotation inside a superfluid: the team demonstrated both forced in-field rotation over a continuous range of frequencies and field-free resonant rotation with a long, nanosecond-scale decay, with the direction and frequency of rotation directly settable. The new “control knob” lets the researchers next scan across a critical rotation frequency beyond which superfluidity is expected to break down at the atomic scale — one of the central open questions of quantum liquids. Published in Physical Review Letters 136, 033002 (22 January 2026); featured by ScienceDaily on 4 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): I. MacPhail-Bartley, A. A. Milner, F. Stienkemeier & V. Milner, “Control of Molecular Rotation in Helium Nanodroplets with an Optical Centrifuge,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 033002 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/5jnj-97vs
Details / 詳細: UBC Science — “A new optical centrifuge is helping physicists probe the mysteries of superfluids” (2026)
Keywords: optical centrifuge, 光学遠心機, superfluid helium, 超流動ヘリウム, helium nanodroplets, ヘリウムナノ液滴, molecular rotation, 分子回転, nitric oxide dimer, 一酸化窒素二量体, superfluidity breakdown, 超流動の破綻, quantum liquids, 量子液体, laser control, レーザー制御, rotational excitation, 回転励起, Valery Milner, University of British Columbia, ブリティッシュコロンビア大学, University of Freiburg, フライブルク大学, Physical Review Letters, atomic and molecular physics, 原子分子物理学, 物理学, physics
Water is the most studied molecule on Earth, yet a basic question has stayed open for decades: when water is squeezed into gaps just a few molecules wide — inside nanopores, membranes and biological channels — does it become more or less chemically reactive? The key quantity is water’s self-dissociation, its splitting into the ions that set its pH. A decade of studies has reported both strongly enhanced and strongly suppressed reactivity, with no consistent explanation.
Xavier R. Advincula, Christoph Schran, Angelos Michaelides and colleagues (University of Cambridge’s Cavendish Laboratory, with collaborators at Harvard, Caltech and the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research) attacked the problem with enhanced-sampling molecular dynamics driven by machine-learned potentials trained to first-principles accuracy, simulating water in two-dimensional slit pores and nanodroplets bounded by graphene and hexagonal boron nitride. They find the apparent reactivity is extraordinarily sensitive to density, pore width, wall flexibility and surface chemistry — but when systems are compared at the same chemical potential, the effect of confinement largely disappears: confinement alone does not intrinsically change water’s acid–base chemistry. Instead, the intense effective pressures that build up inside nanoscale gaps explain most of the observed changes, and the surrounding material can further enhance the chemistry if it interacts with the reaction products. The framework reconciles a decade of apparently conflicting studies, with implications for nanofluidics, electrochemistry and catalysis. Published in Science Advances 12 (26); featured by ScienceDaily on 1 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): X. R. Advincula et al., “How reactive is water at the nanoscale and how to control it?,” Science Advances 12 (26) (2026), DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aeb5772
Keywords: nanoconfined water, ナノ閉じ込め水, water self-dissociation, 水の自己解離, pH, chemical potential, 化学ポテンシャル, machine-learned potentials, 機械学習ポテンシャル, molecular dynamics, 分子動力学, graphene, グラフェン, hexagonal boron nitride, 六方晶窒化ホウ素, hBN, nanopore, ナノ細孔, nanofluidics, ナノ流体工学, electrochemistry, 電気化学, catalysis, 触媒, Advincula, Christoph Schran, Angelos Michaelides, Cavendish Laboratory, キャベンディッシュ研究所, University of Cambridge, ケンブリッジ大学, Science Advances, chemical physics, 化学物理学, 物理学, physics
The cosmological constant Λ — the energy of empty space driving the universe’s accelerating expansion — is the source of the largest quantitative discrepancy in theoretical physics: quantum field theory predicts vacuum fluctuations that should make Λ roughly 10¹²⁰ times larger than observed. Einstein introduced the constant in 1917 to keep the universe static, discarded it after Hubble’s discovery of cosmic expansion — reportedly calling it his “biggest blunder” — and it returned for good in 1998 when the expansion was found to be accelerating. Why the enormous quantum corrections are so precisely absent has remained unexplained.
Stephon Alexander, Heliudson Bernardo and Aaron Hui (Brown Theoretical Physics Center, Brown University) explored the background-independent Wheeler–DeWitt quantization of general relativity and found that the Chern–Simons–Kodama (CSK) state — a proposed ground state of quantum gravity that generalizes the Hartle–Hawking and Vilenkin states — has a striking structural similarity to the topological field theory of the quantum Hall effect, in which electrical conductance is locked to exact values by topology, immune to material imperfections. Treating gravitational topological θ sectors in analogy with Yang–Mills theory, they show the cosmological constant is tied to the θ parameter by θ = 12π²/(Λℓ²Pl) mod 2π, because the CSK state must live in a particular θ sector. The consequence is a “gravitational Hall effect”: Λ becomes quantized into discrete allowed values and is topologically protected — the quantum perturbations that should blow up its value are rendered inert. The result strengthens the CSK state’s profile as a conservative candidate route to quantum gravity, with the authors planning to develop the bigger picture in future work. Published in Physical Review Letters 136, 151501 (17 April 2026); widely covered from late April through early July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): S. Alexander, H. Bernardo & A. Hui, “Cosmological Constant from Quantum Gravitational θ Vacua and the Gravitational Hall Effect,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 151501 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/rzz5-p4f4
Details / 詳細: Brown University — “Could the mathematical ‘shape’ of the universe solve the cosmological constant problem?” (2026)
Keywords: cosmological constant, 宇宙定数, cosmological constant problem, 宇宙定数問題, dark energy, ダークエネルギー, quantum gravity, 量子重力理論, Chern-Simons-Kodama state, チャーン・サイモンズ・コダマ状態, CSK, Wheeler-DeWitt equation, ウィーラー・ドウィット方程式, quantum Hall effect, 量子ホール効果, topological protection, トポロジカル保護, theta vacua, θ真空, gravitational Hall effect, 重力ホール効果, canonical quantum gravity, 正準量子重力, Hartle-Hawking state, ハートル・ホーキング状態, Stephon Alexander, Brown University, ブラウン大学, Physical Review Letters, theoretical physics, 理論物理学, 物理学, physics
In the 1970s Stephen Hawking showed that black holes radiate and slowly evaporate. If they evaporate completely, the information about everything that fell in seems to be destroyed — violating the unitarity of quantum mechanics. This black hole information paradox remains one of the deepest conflicts between general relativity and quantum theory.
Richard Pinčák, Alexander Pigazzini, Michal Pudlák and Erik Bartoš propose a geometric resolution within a seven-dimensional Einstein–Cartan gravity with torsion, built on a G2-manifold geometry (three extra hidden dimensions beyond ordinary space-time). In this framework, as densities approach the Planck scale, the torsion of space-time generates a repulsive force that dynamically halts the final stage of Hawking evaporation. Instead of vanishing, the black hole settles into a stable remnant with a predicted mass of about 9 × 10⁻⁴¹ kg. The remnant acts as a long-term information repository: quantum information is encoded in a spectrum of long-lived quasi-normal modes — “vibrations” of the torsion field within the remnant’s geometry — so the paradox is addressed without rewriting quantum mechanics. The authors further suggest such remnants could contribute to dark matter, and that dimensional reduction of the same geometry naturally yields the electroweak scale, hinting at a link to the origin of the Higgs mass. A speculative but self-contained proposal connecting black holes, hidden dimensions and particle masses. Published in General Relativity and Gravitation (19 March 2026); widely featured from April through early July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): R. Pinčák, A. Pigazzini, M. Pudlák & E. Bartoš, “Geometric origin of a stable black hole remnant from torsion in G2-manifold geometry,” General Relativity and Gravitation (2026), DOI: 10.1007/s10714-026-03528-z
Details / 詳細: Phys.org — “The secrets of black holes and the Higgs mass could be hidden in a 7-dimensional geometry” (2026)
Keywords: black hole remnant, ブラックホール残骸, レムナント, black hole information paradox, ブラックホール情報パラドックス, Hawking radiation, ホーキング放射, Hawking evaporation, ホーキング蒸発, torsion, トーション, 時空のねじれ, Einstein-Cartan gravity, アインシュタイン・カルタン重力, G2 manifold, G2多様体, extra dimensions, 余剰次元, quasi-normal modes, 準固有振動モード, dark matter, ダークマター, electroweak scale, 電弱スケール, Higgs mass, ヒッグス質量, quantum gravity, 量子重力理論, unitarity, ユニタリー性, General Relativity and Gravitation, theoretical physics, 理論物理学, 物理学, physics
Werner Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle forbids knowing certain pairs of quantities — such as position and momentum — with arbitrary precision at the same time. Between position and time, however, no Heisenberg relation exists. A team at the Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN) at the University of Regensburg (the groups of Jascha Repp, Rupert Huber, Franz Giessibl and Klaus Richter), together with Angel Rubio’s team at the Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter in Hamburg, has now observed for the first time that the location and the time evolution of an electron nonetheless cannot be pinned down with arbitrary precision simultaneously — a practical “space-time limit” of quantum mechanics.
Using a newly developed laser system, the researchers steered electrons with phase-controlled, single-cycle near-infrared light pulses so that they tunnel from an atomically sharp metal tip to a silver surface across just a few atomic diameters; a second pulse with variable delay clocks the process, exposing electron dynamics on attosecond timescales (an attosecond is to a second what a second is to the age of the universe). Quantum simulations by Rubio’s group reproduce the experiments with remarkable accuracy and show the electron follows the light field with a tiny delay of about 500 attoseconds. Crucially, the team quantified a fundamental trade-off: the more precisely the electron is pinned down in time, the more energy must be supplied — and the more its quantum wave packet spreads out in space. Confining the wave packets with a single adatom placed on the surface, they showed the packets nevertheless remain spatially sharp enough for atomically resolved microscopy on attosecond timescales, with local peak current densities reaching up to a trillion amperes per square centimetre. The advance points toward light-triggered control of chemical bonds and electronics operating at the intrinsic speed limit of electron motion — hundreds of thousands of times faster than today’s CMOS technology. Published in Nature Photonics; announced by the University of Regensburg on 3 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): S. Maier et al., “Tracking electrons at the space-time limit,” Nature Photonics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41566-026-01932-0(プレプリント: arXiv:2507.10206)
Details / 詳細: University of Regensburg — “Microscopy at the space-time limit” (3 July 2026)
Keywords: attosecond, アト秒, scanning tunneling microscopy, 走査トンネル顕微鏡, STM, space-time limit, 時空限界, electron wave packet, 電子波束, quantum tunneling, 量子トンネル効果, uncertainty principle, 不確定性原理, ultrafast physics, 超高速物理, lightwave electronics, ライトウェーブエレクトロニクス, petahertz electronics, ペタヘルツエレクトロニクス, single-cycle pulse, 単一サイクルパルス, University of Regensburg, レーゲンスブルク大学, RUN, Max Planck Institute, マックス・プランク研究所, Angel Rubio, Jascha Repp, Rupert Huber, Nature Photonics, quantum physics, 量子物理学, 物理学, physics
In quantum mechanics, squeezing reshapes the uncertainty between conjugate variables such as position and momentum — sharpening one at the expense of the other — and squeezed light already boosts the sensitivity of gravitational-wave detectors like LIGO. Physicists have long sought the stronger, higher-order members of this family, trisqueezing (third order) and quadsqueezing (fourth order), but these interactions are naturally so weak that they drown in noise; quadsqueezing had never been realized on any experimental platform.
Researchers at the University of Oxford have now demonstrated all of them in a single trapped ion. Instead of driving a weak higher-order interaction directly, the team combined two spin-dependent linear forces, following a 2021 theory proposal by Raghavendra Srinivas and Robert Tyler Sutherland: because the two forces do not commute — the order in which they act matters — their combination generates an effective interaction far stronger than the sum of its parts. By tuning frequencies, phases and strengths, the team switched between squeezing, trisqueezing and quadsqueezing, verified each by reconstructing the Wigner functions of the ion’s motional states, and generated the fourth-order interaction more than 100 times faster than conventional approaches would allow. The method has no fundamental limit on the interaction order and applies to any platform supporting spin-dependent linear interactions; combined with mid-circuit measurements of the ion’s spin, it has already produced flexible superpositions of squeezed states and simulated a lattice gauge theory. It is the companion work to the new family of Schrödinger-cat states from the same Oxford group covered in our 2 July entry. Published in Nature Physics on 1 May 2026 and widely covered through early July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): O. Băzăvan, S. Saner, D. J. Webb et al., “Squeezing, trisqueezing and quadsqueezing in a hybrid oscillator–spin system,” Nature Physics (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03222-6
Details / 詳細: University of Oxford — “Oxford team achieves first-ever ‘quadsqueezing’ quantum interaction” (2026)
Keywords: quadsqueezing, クアッドスクイージング, trisqueezing, トライスクイージング, squeezing, スクイージング, squeezed states, スクイーズド状態, trapped ion, トラップイオン, イオントラップ, quantum harmonic oscillator, 量子調和振動子, non-commutativity, 非可換性, Wigner function, ウィグナー関数, uncertainty principle, 不確定性原理, quantum control, 量子制御, quantum simulation, 量子シミュレーション, lattice gauge theory, 格子ゲージ理論, University of Oxford, オックスフォード大学, Nature Physics, quantum computing, 量子コンピュータ, quantum sensing, 量子センシング, 物理学, physics
One of the most anticipated features of quantum gravity is that spacetime itself can exist in quantum superposition — for instance when a massive object is placed in a superposition of two locations, each configuration dragging its own gravitational field. Detecting such superpositions, for example through gravitationally induced entanglement, is the goal of a wave of proposed tabletop experiments. But what exactly would such a detection prove?
Joshua Foo (now Associate Professor at Kyushu University’s Institute for Advanced Study), Cendikiawan Suryaatmadja, Robert B. Mann (University of Waterloo / Perimeter Institute) and Magdalena Zych (Stockholm University / University of Queensland) introduce a general framework for “quantum superpositions of spacetime states” and prove a striking result they call the relativity of spacetime superpositions: whenever the superposed spacetime amplitudes differ only by a coordinate transformation, the entire scenario can be re-expressed as ordinary quantum dynamics on a single, fixed classical background. Many scenarios labelled “superpositions of spacetimes” in the literature — including ones invoked in gravitationally-induced-entanglement proposals — are therefore mathematically equivalent to quantum matter evolving in one classical spacetime, and carry no unique quantum-gravity signature. The work also implies that the decoherence of gravitational source masses is not fundamental: it depends on external systems that define the reference frame through which the notion of a spatial superposition acquires physical meaning. Rather than undermining the experiments, the analysis sharpens them, specifying which signatures would genuinely require gravity to be quantum. Published in npj Quantum Information (2026); featured by Phys.org in early July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): J. Foo, C. Suryaatmadja, R. B. Mann & M. Zych, “Relativity and decoherence of spacetime superpositions,” npj Quantum Information (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41534-026-01234-x(プレプリント: arXiv:2302.03259)
Details / 詳細: Phys.org — “Quantum gravity tests may mistake ordinary spacetime for superposition” (2026)
Keywords: quantum gravity, 量子重力理論, spacetime superposition, 時空の重ね合わせ, superposition of spacetimes, gravitationally induced entanglement, 重力誘起もつれ, decoherence, デコヒーレンス, general relativity, 一般相対性理論, quantum mechanics, 量子力学, coordinate transformation, 座標変換, quantum reference frames, 量子参照系, tabletop experiment, 卓上実験, Kyushu University, 九州大学, 九州大学高等研究院, npj Quantum Information, Joshua Foo, Magdalena Zych, Robert Mann, Perimeter Institute, ペリメーター研究所, theoretical physics, 理論物理学, 物理学, physics
Magnetic fields are the natural enemy of superconductivity: conventional superconductivity relies on Cooper pairs of electrons with opposite spins, and a magnetic field tends to align those spins, disrupting the delicate pairing. In rare, exotic cases, however, materials show reentrant superconductivity — the superconducting state vanishes as the field grows, then unexpectedly returns when the field is increased further, a telltale sign that more complex quantum mechanisms are at work. Until now the effect had been associated with a few complex bulk, three-dimensional materials, where it is often linked to non-standard forms of superconductivity.
A team led by the RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) in Japan, with first author Denis Maryenko of the Strong Correlation Interface Research Group, has now observed reentrant superconductivity in a fundamentally different setting: a very thin conducting layer at the boundary between two insulating oxide materials. Cooling the interface to temperatures close to absolute zero and measuring its electrical resistance under applied magnetic fields, the researchers directly tracked when the system entered and left the superconducting state — watching it disappear and then re-emerge. The results show the field does not act as a simple destructive force here; instead the superconducting state hinges on a delicate balance among electronic effects at the interface, pointing to physics beyond the conventional description of superconductivity. Because oxide interfaces can be precisely engineered and controlled, the system provides a clean, well-defined two-dimensional platform for asking why superconductivity can survive — and even revive — under conditions where conventional theory predicts it should keep fading, with longer-term implications for the search for new superconducting materials and low-loss electronic or quantum devices. Published in Science Advances; announced by RIKEN on 25 June 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): D. Maryenko et al., “Re-entrant superconductivity at an oxide heterointerface,” Science Advances (2026), DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aeg0460
Details / 詳細: RIKEN — “A magnetic field that kills superconductivity can also bring it back” (25 June 2026)
Keywords: reentrant superconductivity, 再突入超伝導, リエントラント超伝導, superconductivity, 超伝導, oxide interface, 酸化物界面, heterointerface, ヘテロ界面, two-dimensional electron system, 2次元電子系, Cooper pairs, クーパー対, magnetic field, 磁場, unconventional superconductivity, 非従来型超伝導, quantum materials, 量子物質, RIKEN, 理化学研究所, 理研, CEMS, 創発物性科学研究センター, Denis Maryenko, Science Advances, condensed matter physics, 物性物理学, 物理学, physics
Time crystals — systems that spontaneously break time-translation symmetry and repeat in time the way ordinary crystals repeat in space — have mostly been the province of delicate quantum experiments. A team spanning Hiroshima University (WPI-SKCM², the International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter), the University of Colorado Boulder and collaborators — Hanqing Zhao, Rui Zhang and Ivan I. Smalyukh — has now realized classical discrete space-time crystals, structures periodic in both space and time, in chiral liquid crystals: everyday materials of the kind long used in display technology.
Driving the liquid crystal with a periodic (Floquet) electrical signal, the researchers observed both 1+1-dimensional and 2+1-dimensional discrete space-time crystals that loop endlessly with twice the driving period — the hallmark period-doubling of a discrete time crystal — over a wide range of temperatures and driving conditions. The mechanism is remarkable: localized topological solitons (smooth, particle-like twists of the molecular alignment that travel like stable wave packets) and disclination lines (sharp defects where the alignment breaks down) periodically transform into one another, behaving like the particle–antiparticle pairs of Majorana particles — the famous class of quantum particles that are their own antiparticles — here realized as a classical, room-temperature analogue. The space-time crystals are robust against temporal perturbations and spatial defects, behaving like a time-crystalline analogue of a smectic phase. The work shows that complex space-time symmetries are not restricted to the quantum world, opens a field the authors call “time liquid crystallinity,” and — since liquid crystals are already a staple of modern electronics — suggests routes to reconfigurable laser elements, advanced beam deflectors and ultraprecise light steering. Published in Nature Communications; announced by Hiroshima University on 24 June 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): H. Zhao, R. Zhang & I. I. Smalyukh, “Emergent discrete space-time crystal of Majorana-like quasiparticles in chiral liquid crystals,” Nature Communications (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-70880-8(プレプリント: arXiv:2507.16977)
Details / 詳細: Hiroshima University — “Scientists discover classical space-time crystals moving like Majorana quasiparticles” (24 June 2026)
Keywords: time crystal, 時間結晶, space-time crystal, 時空結晶, discrete time crystal, 離散時間結晶, liquid crystal, 液晶, chiral liquid crystal, キラル液晶, Floquet driving, フロケ駆動, period doubling, 周期倍化, Majorana quasiparticle, マヨラナ準粒子, Majorana Fermion, マヨラナ粒子, topological soliton, トポロジカルソリトン, disclination, 転傾線, time liquid crystallinity, 時間液晶性, soft matter, ソフトマター, Hiroshima University, 広島大学, WPI-SKCM2, University of Colorado Boulder, コロラド大学, Ivan Smalyukh, Nature Communications, symmetry breaking, 対称性の破れ, 物理学, physics
Antiferromagnets — magnetic materials whose atomic moments cancel out — are prized candidates for next-generation data storage: they respond extremely fast and are insensitive to external magnetic disturbances. Their great weakness has been control. Precisely because they show no net magnetization, their magnetic states are notoriously difficult to address, which has so far limited their application.
A German-Japanese research team involving the University of Augsburg, led by experimental physicist István Kézsmárki, has now for the first time written magnetic information into an antiferromagnet using only ultrashort laser pulses — no electric currents, no magnetic fields. The trick is a new control knob: in the ferrotoroidic antiferromagnet LiNiPO4, instead of the light’s polarization, the method exploits its direction of propagation — simply reversing which way the light travels — via an inverse optical magnetoelectric effect arising from a strong coupling between the photon’s linear momentum and the magnetic toroidal moment. This enables non-volatile, deterministic and repeatable switching between time-reversed antiferromagnetic domains, and the stored information can be read out by purely optical means as well. The University of Augsburg team also highlights that complex magnetic patterns can be written and retained permanently through repeated optical switching. Because the scheme operates in the telecommunications wavelength range, it is directly compatible with existing optical networks, pointing toward a future in which data arriving as light is written straight into magnetic storage without electrical signals — significantly faster and with markedly lower energy consumption, for example in data centres and communication systems. Published in Nature Materials; announced in early July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): S. Toyoda, V. Kocsis, Y. Tokunaga, I. Kézsmárki et al., “All-optical control of antiferromagnetic domains via an inverse optical magnetoelectric effect,” Nature Materials (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41563-026-02608-4
Details / 詳細: Nanowerk(アウクスブルク大学発表) — “Light-written magnetic memory moves closer” (3 July 2026)
Keywords: antiferromagnet, 反強磁性体, antiferromagnetic spintronics, 反強磁性スピントロニクス, all-optical switching, 全光スイッチング, inverse optical magnetoelectric effect, 逆光学磁気電気効果, LiNiPO4, ferrotoroidic, フェロトロイダル, magnetic toroidal moment, 磁気トロイダルモーメント, magnetic memory, 磁気メモリ, magneto-optical storage, 光磁気ストレージ, laser pulse, レーザーパルス, non-volatile memory, 不揮発性メモリ, telecom wavelength, 通信波長帯, magnetic domains, 磁区, University of Augsburg, アウクスブルク大学, Kezsmarki, Toyoda, RIKEN CEMS, Nature Materials, data storage, データストレージ, low-power electronics, 省エネエレクトロニクス, 物理学, physics
A single-photon source — a device that emits light one photon at a time — is the starting point of photon-based quantum technologies such as quantum communication, quantum sensing and quantum measurement: encode information onto individual photons, and any eavesdropping attempt alters their state, leaving a detectable trace. Until now, however, practical single-photon sources have demanded cryogenic cooling to roughly 3 kelvin (about −270 °C), room-sized optical tables and skilled researchers to operate them, confining the technology to specialist laboratories.
The Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), together with the team of Prof. Lee Wook-Jae at Kongju National University, has packaged a gallium-nitride (GaN) semiconductor single-photon source into a room-temperature, plug-and-play, 19-inch rack-mounted device that runs on a standard 220 V supply and needs no complex optical alignment. The source exploits atomic-scale defects that form naturally inside GaN: apply energy to one such defect and it emits photons one at a time. Two innovations make this practical. A deterministic spatial-mapping technique records each emission site like a set of coordinates, so the device automatically returns to the same defect even after being switched off and on; and nanoscale circular Bragg gratings (CBGs) fabricated on the semiconductor surface guide the photons upward, maximizing extraction efficiency. The rack format connects directly to existing quantum key distribution (QKD) equipment, targeting deployment along critical channels such as financial, medical and government networks. Commercialization is under way with the KRISS spin-off QRAD Inc., and the source quality is being validated with overseas metrology institutes including Germany’s PTB and Italy’s INRIM. The underlying photon-extraction advance was published in Laser & Photonics Reviews (2025); KRISS announced the packaged plug-and-play device in early July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): K. S. Hong et al. (KRISS & Kongju National University), “Boosting Single-Photon Extraction Efficiency in GaN Through Radiative Mode Conversion,” Laser & Photonics Reviews (2025), DOI: 10.1002/lpor.202401966
Details / 詳細: EurekAlert!(KRISS発表) — “KRISS develops a plug-and-play single-photon source that works at room temperature” (2 July 2026)
Keywords: single-photon source, 単一光子源, room temperature, 室温動作, plug and play, プラグアンドプレイ, gallium nitride, 窒化ガリウム, GaN, quantum communication, 量子通信, quantum key distribution, 量子鍵配送, QKD, quantum cryptography, 量子暗号, circular Bragg grating, 円形ブラッグ回折格子, CBG, defect emitter, 欠陥発光体, deterministic spatial mapping, 決定論的空間マッピング, KRISS, 韓国標準科学研究院, Kongju National University, 公州大学校, QRAD, Laser & Photonics Reviews, quantum technology, 量子技術, photonics, フォトニクス, 物理学, physics
Black holes are well documented at stellar masses (roughly ten Suns) and at supermassive scales (millions to billions of Suns) — but the population in between, the intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) of roughly a hundred to a million solar masses, remains astronomy’s elusive missing link, holding clues to how supermassive black holes were seeded in the early universe. Because IMBHs are faint and usually dormant, tidal disruption events (TDEs) — the luminous flares produced when a star strays inside a black hole’s tidal radius and is ripped apart — offer one of the few ways to catch them in the act.
A team centred at the University of Science and Technology of China (project led by Jialai Wang, with the scientific investigations coordinated by Yongquan Xue and Ning Jiang) presents late-time observations and a comprehensive multi-wavelength analysis of AT 2018cqh, a TDE at the centre of a dwarf galaxy that flared successively in the optical (2018), X-rays (2020) and radio (2021). The X-ray outburst rose for at least 550 days — among the longest-sampled X-ray rises ever recorded for a TDE — and, unexpectedly, has settled since its peak into a persistent high-state plateau that continues to the present. These signatures are consistent with a star disrupted by an IMBH of roughly (1–6) × 10⁵ solar masses, and scaling relations derived independently from the host dwarf galaxy’s properties point to a similar mass. Together with the recently discovered IMBH TDE EP240222a, AT 2018cqh sharpens the emerging picture of what this rare class of events looks like — and demonstrates the power of TDEs as a discovery channel for the missing middle class of black holes. Published in Nature Communications 17, 2007 (2026).
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): J. Wang, M. Huang, Y. Xue et al., “A tidal disruption event from an intermediate-mass black hole revealed by comprehensive multi-wavelength observations,” Nature Communications 17, 2007 (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-68670-3
Details / 詳細: arXiv:2512.16568 — preprint & full text (open access)
Keywords: intermediate-mass black hole, 中間質量ブラックホール, IMBH, tidal disruption event, 潮汐破壊イベント, TDE, AT 2018cqh, black hole, ブラックホール, dwarf galaxy, 矮小銀河, X-ray plateau, X線プラトー, multi-wavelength astronomy, 多波長天文学, missing link, ミッシングリンク, black hole seeds, ブラックホールの種, EP240222a, University of Science and Technology of China, 中国科学技術大学, USTC, Nature Communications, X-ray astronomy, X線天文学, astrophysics, 天体物理学, 物理学, physics
Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) promise cheap, color-saturated displays, but the blue devices have badly lagged their green and red counterparts. Blue emitters need wider bandgaps and therefore higher operating voltages, which aggravate the instability of the perovskite’s ionic crystal framework and shorten device life.
A team led by Xuyong Yang (Shanghai University), with first author Y. Wang, reports efficient, stable, saturated-blue PeLEDs built by weaving hydrogen-bonding networks through the perovskite and at its interfaces using a pair of isomeric molecules. A hydrogen-bond donor (O-benzylhydroxylamine hydrochloride) placed between the hole-transport layer and the emitter binds to the inorganic framework — strengthening the structure and, thanks to a large dipole moment, lowering the hole-injection barrier — while its isomer, added into the perovskite itself, supplies both donor and acceptor sites. The result is external quantum efficiencies of 16.8% at 463 nm and 22.0% at 468 nm, together with markedly improved operational stability — state-of-the-art performance among pure- and deep-blue PeLEDs and a concrete step toward vibrant full-color perovskite displays. Published in Nature.
Journal article / 論文: Y. Wang, C. Zhang, Y. Yang, … N. Wang & X. Yang et al., “Isomeric multi-hydrogen-bonding enables blue perovskite LEDs,” Nature (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10723-0
Keywords: perovskite LED, ペロブスカイトLED, PeLED, blue LED, 青色LED, external quantum efficiency, 外部量子効率, EQE, hydrogen bonding, 水素結合, isomeric molecules, 異性体分子, metal halide perovskite, ハロゲン化金属ペロブスカイト, full-color display, フルカラーディスプレイ, electroluminescence, エレクトロルミネッセンス, optoelectronics, オプトエレクトロニクス, Nature, 物理学, physics
The integer quantum Hall effect is a textbook manifestation of topological quantum transport, in which electrical resistance becomes exactly quantized. But reaching a fully spin-polarized quantum Hall state in a semiconductor has usually demanded very high magnetic fields and millikelvin temperatures — conditions requiring bulky superconducting magnets and dilution refrigerators.
M. Myronov (University of Warwick) with W. Jiang and S. Studenikin (National Research Council of Canada) demonstrate a fully spin-polarized ν = 1 quantum Hall state in a germanium quantum well at magnetic fields as low as ~0.25 tesla — an order of magnitude below what semiconductor systems have conventionally required — and up to 1.5 kelvin, a temperature reachable with an ordinary helium-3 cryostat rather than a dilution refrigerator. The trick is a combination of ultra-dilute carriers and a large, gate-tunable hole g-factor (about 13–24, versus roughly 2 for electrons in silicon): with so few holes and such strong Zeeman splitting, even a modest field fully polarizes the spins before disorder can smear the spin gap. The Hall resistance locks to h/e² to within a part in many thousands, and the device hosts a single chiral edge channel immune to backscattering — all on a CMOS-compatible chip that dispenses with high-field magnets and dilution cryostats. The result opens a path toward a single germanium chip integrating individually addressable spin qubits with topological edge channels, bolstering germanium’s standing as a leading platform for scalable semiconductor quantum computing. Published open access in Communications Materials.
Journal article / 論文: M. Myronov, W. Jiang & S. Studenikin et al., “Fully spin-polarised quantum Hall effect at sub-tesla magnetic fields,” Communications Materials (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s43246-026-01244-4
Keywords: quantum Hall effect, 量子ホール効果, integer quantum Hall, 整数量子ホール, spin-polarised, スピン偏極, germanium quantum well, ゲルマニウム量子井戸, Zeeman energy, ゼーマンエネルギー, topological transport, トポロジカル輸送, chiral edge channel, カイラルエッジチャネル, CMOS, semiconductor qubit, 半導体量子ビット, Myronov, University of Warwick, ウォリック大学, National Research Council Canada, Communications Materials, 物理学, physics
At the heart of A402-BCG — the brightest galaxy in the cluster Abell 402, roughly 4 billion light-years away — sits a curious dark region about 3,200 light-years across. When Hubble first spotted it in 2018, astronomers suspected a dust cloud was simply blocking the starlight behind it.
A team led by Michael McDonald (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) tested that idea using the James Webb Space Telescope, Hubble and the Very Large Telescope. Because dust dims infrared light less than optical light, a real dust cloud should look brighter to Webb than to Hubble — but the cavity appeared equally dark at both wavelengths, ruling dust out. Instead, MUSE spectroscopy revealed two separate pockets of ionized gas on opposite sides of the void, with two distinct sets of emission lines consistent with a black-hole binary totaling about 60 ± 20 billion solar masses. The favored picture: two ultramassive black holes spiraling slowly toward each other, flinging stars outward as they go and carving the starless cavity. Individual black holes above 60 billion solar masses have been identified only a handful of times, and if confirmed this pair would be among the most massive black-hole binaries known. The authors caution that an alternative — a compact starburst masquerading as the second source — is less likely but not fully excluded. Published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters.
Keywords: ultramassive black hole, 超大質量ブラックホール, black hole binary, ブラックホール連星, Abell 402, A402-BCG, stellar cavity, 星の空洞, brightest cluster galaxy, 銀河団最輝銀河, BCG, JWST, ジェイムズウェッブ宇宙望遠鏡, Hubble, ハッブル, VLT, MUSE, galaxy merger, 銀河合体, Michael McDonald, MIT, Astrophysical Journal Letters, astrophysics, 天体物理学, 物理学, physics
As the simplest multi-electron atom, helium is a prime testbed for fundamental physics: high-precision spectroscopy can both sharpen atomic theory and serve as a sensitive probe of nuclear charge radii. Its long-lived, optically accessible 2³S₁ state lets atoms be cooled, trapped and detected with exquisite control.
K. Steinebach, J. C. J. Koelemeij, H. L. Bethlem and K. S. E. Eikema (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) report an improved measurement of the 2³S₁ → 2¹S₀ transition frequency in helium-4 with just 48 Hz uncertainty (0.25 parts per trillion), using a Bose–Einstein condensate held in a magic-wavelength optical dipole trap. A systematic Doppler shift from the condensate’s motion is suppressed by time-resolved ion detection, and the frequency is calibrated against a remote active hydrogen-maser clock via a “White Rabbit” link. Combined with earlier helium-3 data and improved theory, they obtain the most precise value to date for the squared charge-radius difference between the alpha particle and the helion, rh² − rα² = 1.0676(10) fm². The result is consistent with other recent determinations and confirms that the current discrepancy between QED theory and measured helium ionization energies does not show up in the isotope shift. Published in Physical Review Letters.
Keywords: helium spectroscopy, ヘリウム分光, helium-4, ヘリウム4, helium-3, ヘリウム3, nuclear charge radius, 原子核電荷半径, charge-radius difference, 電荷半径差, alpha particle, α粒子, helion, ヘリオン, Bose-Einstein condensate, ボース・アインシュタイン凝縮, magic wavelength, 魔法波長, QED, 量子電磁力学, isotope shift, 同位体シフト, precision measurement, 精密測定, Eikema, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, アムステルダム自由大学, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
The Sun runs on a roughly 11-year cycle, swinging between quiet spells and peaks marked by a surge of sunspots. Near the peak it emits more ultraviolet and extreme-ultraviolet radiation, heating the thermosphere and puffing denser air upward — which drags on anything in low Earth orbit and pulls it down faster. Where exactly that faster descent kicks in, however, had been unclear.
Ayisha M. Ashruf, Ankush Bhaskar, C. Vineeth and Tarun Kumar Pant (Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, India) tracked 17 pieces of space debris — all launched in the 1960s, still in orbit today at 600–800 km, and never maneuvered, so their orbits reflect nothing but the surrounding atmosphere — across three complete solar cycles (cycles 22–24, 1986–2024) using Two-Line Element (TLE) data. They found a clear, repeatable threshold: once the sunspot number climbs past roughly two-thirds (about 67–75%) of its cycle maximum, the debris crosses a “transition boundary” and begins falling much faster, coincident with a surge in solar extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) flux that heats and expands the thermosphere. Crucially, the threshold is tied not to a fixed level of solar radiation but to how close the Sun is to its own peak activity; geomagnetic indices (Ap, AE, Dst) correlate only weakly, confirming EUV forcing as the primary driver. The effect is expected to hold for station-keeping satellites too, giving operators and debris trackers concrete numbers for planning orbit corrections, fuel budgets and collision-avoidance in the years around solar maximum. Published in Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences.
Keywords: space debris, 宇宙デブリ, 宇宙ゴミ, orbital decay, 軌道減衰, solar cycle, 太陽周期, sunspot number, 黒点数, thermosphere, 熱圏, atmospheric drag, 大気抵抗, low Earth orbit, 低軌道, LEO, solar maximum, 太陽極大期, satellite collision, 衛星衝突, space weather, 宇宙天気, Ashruf, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, astrophysics, 天体物理学, 物理学, physics
Liquid water is famously anomalous — it expands as it freezes — and these quirks are linked to a suspected liquid–liquid phase transition between high- and low-density states in the deeply supercooled regime. At the molecular level, tetrahedral hydrogen-bond networks govern the behavior, which has motivated many “structural descriptors” that try to capture the local molecular environment. But these were largely proposed independently, with little systematic comparison.
Kohei Yoshikawa, Kokoro Shikata, Kang Kim and Nobuyuki Matubayasi (The University of Osaka) evaluate 16 previously proposed descriptors within a single, unified framework built around a neural network that classifies temperature from a molecular configuration — an objective test of how well each descriptor captures temperature-dependent structural change. They then apply explainable AI to identify which structural features drive the model’s predictions, revealing how different descriptors encode local information and establishing a data-driven way to benchmark structural descriptors in liquid water. The work offers a systematic scheme where none existed before for characterizing water’s microscopic structural changes. Published in Communications Chemistry.
Journal article / 論文: K. Yoshikawa, K. Shikata, K. Kim & N. Matubayasi, “Machine learning evaluation of structural descriptors for supercooled water,” Communications Chemistry (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s42004-026-02097-1
Keywords: supercooled water, 過冷却水, liquid water, 液体の水, structural descriptors, 構造記述子, hydrogen-bond network, 水素結合ネットワーク, tetrahedral order, 正四面体秩序, liquid-liquid transition, 液体-液体相転移, machine learning, 機械学習, neural network, ニューラルネットワーク, explainable AI, 説明可能AI, XAI, molecular dynamics, 分子動力学, Osaka University, 大阪大学, Yoshikawa, Matubayasi, Communications Chemistry, statistical physics, 統計物理, 物理学, physics
From navigation to space-weather forecasting, many fields need space-based sensors that measure Earth’s magnetic field as accurately as possible at any moment. Existing sensors, though, have long struggled with drift, interference from the spacecraft itself, and the harsh conditions of orbit.
Yarne Beerden, Jaroslav Hruby and colleagues (Hasselt University and imec, Belgium) developed a diamond-based quantum magnetometer — OSCAR-QUBE — that uses nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond and optically detected magnetic resonance to read magnetic fields. Built by a student team through ESA’s Orbit Your Thesis programme, it was flown to the International Space Station in August 2021 and installed inside the station’s ICE Cubes facility, where it operated for about 10 months (2021–2022) in low Earth orbit and returned vector field measurements that matched the World Magnetic Model. The device is strikingly compact: a 1U form factor (a 10-cm cube), weighing 420 g and drawing just 5 W, with a sensitivity below 300 nT/√Hz. The authors are careful to frame the mission as a proof of concept: operating inside the ISS, the sensor picked up electromagnetic interference from station equipment that set a floor on its precision, and its in-orbit performance did not surpass state-of-the-art conventional magnetometers. What it demonstrated is that a diamond quantum sensor can survive launch, radiation and thermal cycling and keep working — pointing toward future, better-shielded units on constellations of small satellites for high-resolution geomagnetic mapping. Published in Physical Review Applied.
Journal article / 論文: Y. Beerden et al., “Diamond-based magnetometer aboard the International Space Station,” Phys. Rev. Applied 25, 054017 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/483m-8hfc
Keywords: quantum magnetometer, 量子磁力計, diamond, ダイヤモンド, nitrogen-vacancy center, 窒素空孔中心, NV center, NV中心, optically detected magnetic resonance, 光検出磁気共鳴, ODMR, geomagnetic field, 地磁気, International Space Station, 国際宇宙ステーション, ISS, OSCAR-QUBE, quantum sensing, 量子センシング, space weather, 宇宙天気, Hasselt University, ハッセルト大学, Physical Review Applied, 物理学, physics
Across cosmic history, several core-collapse supernovae explode every second, and the neutrinos they emit have accumulated into a faint, all-sky glow called the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background (DSNB). Detecting it would offer a direct, integrated record of star formation, nucleosynthesis and compact-object formation over the age of the Universe — but the signal is extraordinarily weak and easily buried under backgrounds.
The Super-Kamiokande Collaboration (about 250 researchers from 60 institutions) reports the first observational indication of the DSNB. Since 2020 the 50,000-tonne water Cherenkov detector, 1,000 m underground in Gifu, Japan, has been loaded with dissolved gadolinium (the SK-Gd phase), which sharpens the neutron-capture signature that tags electron antineutrinos. Analysing roughly 5,000 days of Super-Kamiokande observations, the team found a 2.6σ (99.5% C.L.) excess of events in the 13.3–81.3 MeV range. Because it falls short of the 5σ discovery threshold, the result is described as an indication rather than a definitive detection, yet it already constrains models of the cosmic supernova rate. The collaboration plans to combine continuing Super-Kamiokande data with its successor Hyper-Kamiokande to push toward a firm detection. Presented on 25 June 2026 at Neutrino 2026 (XXXII International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics), UC Irvine.
Primary source / 一次ソース: Tohoku University / Kamioka Observatory, ICRR, The University of Tokyo — “Super-Kamiokande Unveils a Clue to the Faint ‘Whispers’ Imprinted Across Cosmic History” (2026)
Details / 詳細: Phys.org — “Cosmic neutrino ‘whispers’ may surface in 5,000-day Super-Kamiokande signal” (2026)
Keywords: Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background, DSNB, 超新星ニュートリノ背景放射, Super-Kamiokande, スーパーカミオカンデ, SK-Gd, gadolinium, ガドリニウム, neutrino, ニュートリノ, core-collapse supernova, 重力崩壊型超新星, neutron capture, 中性子捕獲, Hyper-Kamiokande, ハイパーカミオカンデ, Neutrino 2026, Yosuke Ashida, ICRR, Kamioka Observatory, 神岡, star formation history, 星形成史, 物理学, physics
A permanent electric dipole moment (EDM) — a tiny separation of positive and negative charge aligned with a particle’s spin — would violate time-reversal (T) and hence CP symmetry. The Standard Model predicts immeasurably small EDMs, so any measurable value points to new physics and to extra CP violation of the kind needed to explain the cosmic matter–antimatter asymmetry. The neutron and electron have long been probed; the deuteron (a proton bound to a neutron) had never been measured directly.
The JEDI collaboration derives the first experimental limit on the deuteron EDM using the Cooler Synchrotron (COSY), a conventional magnetic storage ring. For a charged particle in a ring, an EDM would tilt the invariant spin axis slightly out of the ring plane. Combining a radio-frequency Wien filter, a superconducting Siberian snake and an electron-cooler solenoid, the team measured tilts of only a few milliradians, dominated by systematic effects. From these they set |dd| < 2.5×10−17 e·cm (95% C.L.) — a landmark first bound that establishes storage-ring EDM techniques for light nuclei and lays groundwork for dedicated future rings. Published in Physical Review Letters.
Journal article / 論文: JEDI Collaboration, “First Experimental Limit on the Permanent Electric Dipole Moment of the Deuteron,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 241801 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/ns3s-ld4k
Keywords: electric dipole moment, EDM, 電気双極子能率, deuteron, 重陽子, CP violation, CP対称性の破れ, time-reversal symmetry, 時間反転対称性, matter-antimatter asymmetry, 物質反物質非対称, storage ring, 蓄積リング, COSY, Cooler Synchrotron, JEDI, invariant spin axis, 不変スピン軸, Wien filter, Siberian snake, beyond the Standard Model, 標準模型を超える物理, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for large-scale quantum computers, but it demands repeated mid-circuit measurements (MCMs): ancilla qubits are read out many times during a computation to check for errors. Each readout takes time, and the data qubits must sit idle while it happens — and that idling is itself a source of noise.
Researchers from the University of Sydney working with IBM quantified this failure mechanism and showed how to beat it. Running benchmarks on a 156-qubit IBM Quantum Heron r2 superconducting processor (in an IBM Quantum System Two), they found that measurement-induced idling noise is one of the dominant limitations on error-corrected logic-gate fidelity in today’s hardware. By redesigning the QEC circuitry to compact the schedule and shorten idling during ancilla readouts, they raised the logical-qubit survival rate from below 90% to above 96% per error-correction cycle. Rather than a new device, the work pins down quantitatively what performance the error checks must reach, giving concrete engineering targets for scalable, fault-tolerant quantum computing. Lead author Robin Harper (Sydney Nano) with Stephen Bartlett, IBM’s Ben Brown and UCL’s Constance Lainé; published in Nature Communications.
Journal article / 論文: R. Harper et al., “Characterising the failure mechanism of error-corrected quantum logic gates,” Nature Communications (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-71773-6
Details / 詳細: University of Sydney — “Pathway to high-fidelity quantum computing identified in new research” (2026)
Keywords: quantum error correction, QEC, 量子誤り訂正, mid-circuit measurement, 回路中測定, logical qubit, 論理量子ビット, fault-tolerant quantum computing, フォールトトレラント量子計算, idling noise, アイドリング雑音, IBM Heron r2, superconducting qubit, 超伝導量子ビット, heavy-hex code, University of Sydney, シドニー大学, IBM Quantum, Robin Harper, Stephen Bartlett, Nature Communications, 物理学, physics
The classical Mpemba effect is the surprising observation that hotter water can freeze faster than cooler water. Its quantum analogue — the quantum Mpemba effect (QME) — is equally counterintuitive: in a non-equilibrium many-body system, a state that starts with greater symmetry breaking can restore symmetry faster than one that starts closer to symmetric. Theory has surged, but flexible experimental control has been scarce.
A team reports the observation and modulation of QME on a superconducting processor with an all-to-all connected, tunable-coupling architecture, which lets them dial interactions from short- to long-range and independently tune coupling regimes, on-site potentials and initial states. Symmetry restoration is quantified by the entanglement asymmetry (EA) — the relative entropy between a subsystem’s reduced density matrix and its symmetric projection — reconstructed via quantum state tomography. In strong short-range coupling, EA crossovers during quenches from tilted Néel states confirm QME; in intermediate coupling it is suppressed; and it re-emerges with on-site linear potentials or quenches from tilted ferromagnetic states, the latter robust against on-site disorder. The result demonstrates flexible, multi-parameter control of QME and opens uses in quantum information. Xu et al., published in Physical Review Letters.
Journal article / 論文: Y. Xu et al., “Observation and Modulation of the Quantum Mpemba Effect on a Superconducting Quantum Processor,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 010402 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/951q-j8kq
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2508.07707
Keywords: quantum Mpemba effect, QME, 量子ムペンバ効果, Mpemba effect, ムペンバ効果, entanglement asymmetry, エンタングルメント非対称性, symmetry restoration, 対称性の回復, non-equilibrium, 非平衡, superconducting processor, 超伝導プロセッサ, tunable coupling, 可変結合, tilted Neel state, quantum state tomography, 量子状態トモグラフィ, many-body dynamics, 多体ダイナミクス, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Chiral magnons — the quanta of handed spin waves — carry spin angular momentum without the Joule heating that plagues charge currents. Altermagnets, the recently identified third class of magnetic order, were predicted to host chiral magnons through a non-relativistic exchange mechanism similar to ferromagnets but without any net magnetization, making them a stray-field-free platform for magnon spin currents. Directly proving the handed character of these magnons had, however, remained elusive.
Using polarized inelastic neutron scattering on the prototypical altermagnet MnTe (manganese telluride) — whose two opposite-spin Mn sublattices are related by a sixfold improper rotation — the team directly observed chiral magnons, resolving the two magnon branches of opposite handedness. Crucially, they showed the magnon chirality can be reversibly switched by an applied magnetic field, establishing controllable, functional altermagnetic magnonics. The work builds a robust foundation for stray-field-free, low-dissipation spin-current devices. Liu, Masuda et al., published in Physical Review Letters.
Journal article / 論文: Z. Liu, H. Kikuchi, … T. Masuda et al., “Observation of Switchable Chiral Magnons in an Altermagnet,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 236705 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/m8lc-f8gk
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2605.14124
Keywords: chiral magnon, キラルマグノン, altermagnet, アルターマグネット, altermagnetism, MnTe, manganese telluride, テルル化マンガン, polarized inelastic neutron scattering, 偏極中性子非弾性散乱, spin wave, スピン波, magnon spin current, マグノン・スピン流, magnon chirality, magnonics, マグノニクス, spintronics, スピントロニクス, Takatsugu Masuda, Zheyuan Liu, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
A Rydberg atom has one electron promoted to a very high orbit, giving it an enormous, delicate wavefunction. Controlling that wavefunction locally — not just the atom as a whole — would open new routes for quantum simulation and sensing, but the electron cloud is far larger than an ordinary laser focus, so it has been hard to reach inside it.
Homar Rivera-Rodríguez, Matthew T. Eiles, Tilman Pfau and Florian Meinert propose the local manipulation and spatiotemporal “sculpting” of the electronic matter wave of a Rydberg atom using a laser focused so tightly that its beam width is smaller than the Rydberg electron orbit. Computing the electronic eigenstates in such a sharply focused Gaussian beam, they find strong Rydberg state mixing that produces giant kilo-Debye dipole moments, which can be modulated at high bandwidth by the local tweezer intensity. Oscillations in the position-dependent level shifts — analogous to the wells that bind ultralong-range Rydberg molecules — allow eccentric radial trapping of the Rydberg electron via ponderomotive forces acting on the sub-orbit structure. The scheme turns the optical tweezer into a scalpel for the electron cloud itself. Published in Physical Review Letters, 1 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): H. Rivera-Rodríguez, M. T. Eiles, T. Pfau, and F. Meinert, “Microscopic Rydberg Electron Orbit Manipulation with Optical Tweezers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 013401 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/3tq7-ywf6
Keywords: Rydberg atom, リュードベリ原子, optical tweezers, 光ツイーザー, 光ピンセット, matter wave, 物質波, electronic wavefunction, ponderomotive force, ポンデロモーティブ力, kilo-Debye dipole, dipole moment, 双極子モーメント, Rydberg state mixing, quantum simulation, 量子シミュレーション, atomic physics, 原子物理学, Tilman Pfau, Florian Meinert, Matthew Eiles, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Scaling up a neutral-atom quantum computer means reading out the state of every atom quickly and gently. Atom arrays use fluorescence readout, but to avoid heating and atom loss the exposure must be short — and in the single-photon regime the “bright” and “dark” signal distributions overlap so badly that a simple brightness threshold fails.
Yaoting Zhou, Zhongxiao Xu, Li Chen, Heng Shen and colleagues (Shanxi University) report a neural-network-assisted Bayesian inference method for fluorescence readout in neutral-atom arrays. Their weakly anchored Bayesian scheme needs calibration of only one state, sidestepping the asymmetric-calibration problem common to many quantum platforms, and a permutation-invariant neural network compresses the Bayesian inference into a single forward pass for a 100-fold speedup. The method reaches relative readout fidelity above 99% and 98% even when the bright/dark histograms overlap by 61% and 72%, enabling reliable extraction of Rabi oscillations from very few photons. Published in Physical Review Letters, 30 June 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): Y. Zhou, W. Wang, … Z. Xu, L. Chen, and H. Shen, “Neural-Network-Assisted Bayesian Qubit Readout at the Single-Photon Level for Scalable Atomic Quantum Processors,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 013601 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/y222-kfxl
Keywords: neutral atom, 中性原子, atom array, 原子アレイ, qubit readout, 量子ビット読み出し, fluorescence readout, 蛍光読み出し, single photon, 単一光子, Bayesian inference, ベイズ推定, neural network, ニューラルネットワーク, permutation invariant, readout fidelity, 読み出し忠実度, quantum computing, 量子コンピューティング, Shanxi University, 山西大学, Heng Shen, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
In clusters of only a few atoms, geometry and electronic structure are tightly intertwined, so the exact arrangement of atoms decides the cluster’s magnetism and reactivity. For transition metals like iron this is especially hard: many unpaired electrons give rise to numerous closely spaced spin and geometric isomers, and theory alone often makes contradictory predictions about the true ground state.
Kevin Anthony Kaw, Piero Ferrari, Ewald Janssens, Peter Lievens and colleagues (KU Leuven, with the HFML-FELIX laboratory in Nijmegen, the Netherlands) combine infrared multiple-photon dissociation spectroscopy — using a rare-gas “messenger” atom — with density-functional-theory calculations to conclusively assign the geometries and spin states of cationic iron clusters of 3 to 12 atoms. Because the vibrational spectra encode both structure and spin multiplicity, the method sharply reduces the uncertainties in spin magnetic moments that had been inferred indirectly from x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), and it provides a stringent benchmark for theoretical predictions of transition-metal clusters. Published in Physical Review Letters, 1 July 2026, and highlighted as an APS Physics synopsis.
Keywords: iron cluster, 鉄クラスター, nanocluster, ナノクラスター, spin magnetic moment, スピン磁気モーメント, transition metal, 遷移金属, IR-MPD, infrared multiple photon dissociation, 赤外多光子解離, DFT, 密度汎関数, XMCD, 磁気円偏光二色性, cluster physics, クラスター物理, magnetism, 磁性, KU Leuven, FELIX, Piero Ferrari, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Eutectic solidification — how a molten alloy freezes into a fine two-phase composite — is a textbook example of pattern formation out of equilibrium and underpins the strength of many alloys. Its reverse, eutectic melting, has been studied far less, even though additive manufacturing repeatedly drives materials through partial melting and re-solidification cycles.
Rahul Nellissery Rajan, Sabine Bottin-Rousseau, Silvère Akamatsu and colleagues (Access e.V., Aachen, and Sorbonne Université / CNRS, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris) study the melting dynamics of a two-phase eutectic solid. Combining in situ thin-sample experiments on a transparent model alloy with two-dimensional phase-field simulations calibrated to the very same alloy, they follow directional melting in a temperature gradient. Depending on the melting velocity and the spacing of the pre-solidified lamellae, an unexpectedly rich diversity of melting patterns emerges, with good agreement between experiment and simulation — casting new light on the physical mechanisms that govern steady-state melting fronts and their transformations. Published in Physical Review Letters, 26 June 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): R. Nellissery Rajan, R. K. Rajendran, G. Boussinot, K. Sbargoud, S. Bottin-Rousseau, and S. Akamatsu, “Pattern formation during melting of lamellar eutectics,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 256301 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/qtst-bdmt, arXiv:2604.14821
Keywords: eutectic, 共晶, eutectic melting, 共晶溶解, lamellar, 層状組織, pattern formation, パターン形成, phase-field simulation, フェーズフィールド, directional melting, 一方向溶解, solidification, 凝固, additive manufacturing, 造形, アディティブ製造, alloy, 合金, nonequilibrium, 非平衡, materials physics, 材料物理, Silvere Akamatsu, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
Unidirectional guided resonances (UGRs) are optical modes in a photonic-crystal slab that radiate to one side only, without needing a mirror on the other — a topological polarization singularity in momentum space. Until now, though, only a handful of discrete UGRs could be realized at isolated points, limiting their use.
Zengping Su, Qinghua Song and colleagues demonstrate an unprecedented continuous ring of UGRs in a hexagonal bilayer cylinder array, whose formation is governed by isotropic interband coupling that ensures robust, azimuthally continuous unidirectional emission. By leveraging an in-plane inversion-symmetry-protected bound state in the continuum (BIC) at the Γ point, the continuous ring inherits the BIC’s topology, appearing as a phase vortex with a nontrivial topological charge. This combination of continuous unidirectionality and a global topological charge is a robust platform for devices such as vortex lasers whose emission is locked to a single direction. Published in Physical Review Letters, 1 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): Z. Su, W. Li, J. Li, H. Qin, Y. Wang, W. Lv, M. Li, B. Li, and Q. Song, “Continuous Ring of Unidirectional Guided Resonances Induced by Isotropic Interband Coupling,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 016201 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/qlgy-fj7k
Keywords: unidirectional guided resonance, UGR, 一方向導波共鳴, bound state in the continuum, BIC, 連続体中の束縛状態, photonic crystal, フォトニック結晶, bilayer, 二層, vortex laser, 光渦レーザー, optical vortex, 光渦, topological charge, トポロジカル電荷, phase singularity, 位相特異点, nanophotonics, ナノフォトニクス, interband coupling, Qinghua Song, Physical Review Letters, 物理学, physics
With the release of the fourth LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA gravitational-wave catalog (GWTC-4), the population of merging binary black holes is coming into sharp focus. Sharan Banagiri, Eric Thrane & Paul D. Lasky (Monash University / OzGrav) report evidence for (at least) three subpopulations of merging black holes separated by their primary mass, while an independent analysis by Cailin Plunkett, Salvatore Vitale, Thomas Callister & Michael Zevin finds decisive evidence for a subpopulation of hierarchical mergers.
Different formation channels are expected to leave different fingerprints in the data, and the converging picture points to a distinct population of massive black-hole binaries built up through repeated (hierarchical) mergers — black holes that are themselves the products of earlier mergers. The result sharpens how gravitational-wave surveys can disentangle the astrophysical origins of black holes. Published in Physical Review Letters, 6 July 2026, with an accompanying commentary in APS’s Physics magazine.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): S. Banagiri, E. Thrane, and P. D. Lasky, “Evidence for Three Subpopulations of Merging Binary Black Holes at Different Primary Masses,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 021403 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/blyb-lqv6 (姉妹論文:C. Plunkett et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 021404 (2026))
Keywords: gravitational waves, 重力波, GWTC-4, binary black hole, ブラックホール連星, hierarchical merger, 階層的合体, subpopulation, LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, OzGrav, Banagiri, Thrane, Lasky, black hole population, astrophysics, 天体物理学, 物理学, physics
Gravitational-wave signals are usually analyzed under the vacuum hypothesis — assuming the astrophysical surroundings are negligible. But for low-frequency sources such as extreme mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs), prime targets for the space detector LISA, that assumption may break down: EMRIs are expected to form, at least in part, in dense environments such as active galactic nuclei or dark-matter spikes and cores.
Because these environmental effects are highly uncertain, modeling them parametrically is hard. The authors instead propose a nonparametric self-consistency test: they check whether the vacuum parameters inferred from different portions of the same signal agree with one another. Statistically significant disagreement flags the presence of an environment — or a deviation from general relativity — without adding any new parameters or assumptions about the underlying physics. Published in Physical Review Letters, 7 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): L. Copparoni, R. S. Chandramouli, and E. Barausse, “When Vacuum Breaks: A Self-Consistency Test for Astrophysical Environments in Extreme Mass Ratio Inspirals,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 021405 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/pqcz-cvsv
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2510.06948
Keywords: EMRI, 極小質量比インスパイラル, LISA, gravitational waves, 重力波, environmental effects, 環境効果, dark matter spike, 暗黒物質スパイク, accretion disk, 降着円盤, general relativity, 一般相対性理論, black hole, ブラックホール, astrophysics, 物理学, physics
The Kibble–Zurek mechanism (KZM) predicts that when a system is driven through a continuous phase transition at a finite rate, topological defects form spontaneously. Seong-Ho Shinn, Matteo Massaro, Mithun Thudiyangal & Adolfo del Campo propose that this same mechanism can generate spontaneous quantum turbulence (SQT) during Bose–Einstein condensation triggered by a thermal quench.
Using simulations of the stochastic projected Gross–Pitaevskii equation in two dimensions, they follow a newborn condensate becoming riddled with quantum vortices. The emerging turbulence obeys nonequilibrium universality: both Kibble–Zurek scaling and Kolmogorov scaling of the incompressible kinetic energy appear together, tying defect formation at a phase transition to the classic statistics of turbulence. Published in Physical Review Letters, 7 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): S.-H. Shinn, M. Massaro, M. Thudiyangal, and A. del Campo, “Spontaneous Quantum Turbulence in a Newborn Bose-Einstein Condensate via the Kibble-Zurek Mechanism,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 020402 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/b16v-hwp2
Keywords: Kibble-Zurek mechanism, キブルズレック機構, quantum turbulence, 量子乱流, Bose-Einstein condensate, ボーズアインシュタイン凝縮, quantum vortex, 量子渦, Gross-Pitaevskii, Kolmogorov scaling, コルモゴロフ, topological defect, トポロジカル欠陥, superfluid, 超流動, del Campo, 物理学, physics
Studies of entanglement dynamics have mostly started from simple product states. Here the authors ask what happens when the initial state is already entangled, and find surprisingly rich behavior across systems from many-body localization (MBL) to random quantum circuits.
Their central finding: in many nonergodic systems, the growth of entanglement entropy is nonmonotonic in the initial entanglement, peaking for moderately entangled starting states. To explain this, they split entanglement growth into two mechanisms — “build”, which creates new entanglement, and “move”, which redistributes existing entanglement. MBL dynamics turn out to be “move-dominated”, quantitatively matching a random-SWAP circuit of pure “move” dynamics. The framework unifies entanglement generation and transport. Published in Physical Review Letters, 7 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): C.-Y. Zhang, Z.-X. Li, and S.-X. Zhang, “Entanglement Growth from Entangled States: A Unified Perspective on Entanglement Generation and Transport,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 020404 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/xkh7-gdqm
Keywords: entanglement entropy, エンタングルメントエントロピー, many-body localization, 多体局在, MBL, random quantum circuit, ランダム量子回路, quantum many-body, 量子多体系, build and move, entanglement transport, エンタングルメント輸送, nonergodic, 非エルゴード, 物理学, physics
João Costa, Pedro Ribeiro & Andrea De Luca analyze how different kinds of noise affect one-dimensional systems of noninteracting (free) fermions. In the strong-noise limit, they show — under mild assumptions — that the statistics of the fermionic correlation matrix converge, in the thermodynamic limit, to a universal form described by the quantum simple symmetric exclusion process (QSSEP).
For charge transport, QSSEP and every model in its universality class share the same large-deviation function for the transferred charge as the classical SSEP. A key ingredient is a gauge-like invariance in the choice of the bond where the current is measured, which lets them compute the cumulant-generating function exactly and establish an exact QSSEP–SSEP correspondence, backed by numerics. The upshot: a broad class of noisy free-fermion models has essentially classical transport. Published in Physical Review Letters, 7 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): J. Costa, P. Ribeiro, and A. De Luca, “Emergence of Universality in Transport of Noisy Free Fermions,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 020403 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/v8x8-ft81
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2504.00188
Keywords: noisy free fermions, ノイズあり自由フェルミオン, QSSEP, quantum symmetric simple exclusion process, universality, 普遍性, charge transport, 電荷輸送, large deviation, 大偏差, open quantum system, 開いた量子系, statistical physics, 統計物理, De Luca, 物理学, physics
Continuous-variable quantum systems underpin quantum computing, communication and sensing, yet wave functions and density matrices are often impractical to handle. The tomographic picture represents quantum states as ordinary classical probability distributions (tomograms) — convenient, but held back by a lack of robust estimators.
This Letter fills that gap with a nonparametric kernel quantum state estimation (KQSE) framework that reconstructs quantum states and their trace characteristics directly from noisy data, with no prior knowledge of the state. KQSE delivers the density matrix in various bases and trace quantities such as purity, higher moments, overlap and trace distance with near-optimal convergence. Published in Physical Review Letters, 7 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): L. A. Markovich et al., “Nonparametric Learning Non-Gaussian Quantum States of Continuous Variable Systems,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 020201 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/xdcg-6df5
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2508.06431
Keywords: quantum state tomography, 量子状態トモグラフィ, tomogram, トモグラム, continuous variable, 連続変数, non-Gaussian state, 非ガウス状態, KQSE, kernel estimation, カーネル推定, purity, 純度, density matrix, 密度行列, quantum information, 量子情報, 物理学, physics
Julian Boesl, Yu-Jie Liu, Frank Pollmann & Michael Knap (TU Munich / MCQST / MIT) construct parametrized isometric tensor-network states — which they call “skeletons” — that let one explore phases of Abelian topological order and can be run directly on quantum processors.
The skeletons are stable, finite-correlation-length deformations of string-net fixed points, built by conserving virtual symmetries and imposing local isometry constraints. They connect distinct topological phases through a shared critical point, giving analytically tractable examples of phase transitions beyond anyon condensation. Mapping these 2D tensor networks onto 1D stochastic automata makes expectation values of generalized Pauli strings of arbitrary weight efficiently computable classically, so the states double as an organizing principle for topological order and a testbed for quantum hardware. Published in Physical Review Letters, 7 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): J. Boesl, Y.-J. Liu, F. Pollmann, and M. Knap, “Skeleton of Isometric Tensor Network States for Abelian String-Net Models,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 020405 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/d3fz-5755
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2511.13821
Keywords: tensor network, テンソルネットワーク, isometric tensor network, 等長テンソルネット, topological order, トポロジカル秩序, string-net, ストリングネット, anyon condensation, エニオン凝縮, phase transition, 相転移, quantum processor, 量子プロセッサ, Pollmann, Knap, 物理学, physics
Quantum networks and repeaters are the backbone of future distributed quantum computing and long-distance quantum communication, and a key step is establishing heralded entanglement between remote nodes efficiently and with high fidelity. Here researchers experimentally demonstrate multimode-enhanced heralded entanglement between two trapped-ion network nodes.
By harnessing ten temporal photonic modes, they achieve a 4.59-fold speedup in ion–ion entanglement generation and an entanglement fidelity of 95.9% ± 1.5% across 1.2 km of optical fiber. Temporal multimoding is a practical route to accelerating remote entanglement distribution over the long fibers a real quantum network would need. Published in Physical Review Letters, 7 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): “Temporally Multimode Ion-Ion Entanglement over 1.2 Kilometer Fibers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 020803 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/9h14-sc8t
Preprint / プレプリント: arXiv:2510.20392
Keywords: quantum network, 量子ネットワーク, quantum repeater, 量子中継器, trapped ion, トラップイオン, heralded entanglement, ヘラルド付きもつれ, temporal multimode, 時間多モード, optical fiber, 光ファイバー, ion-photon, fidelity, 忠実度, quantum communication, 量子通信, 物理学, physics
Cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED) harnesses light–matter interaction to make nonclassical light, but a single cavity struggles to deliver Purcell enhancement and tailored wave-front control at the same time — the two demand conflicting resonators. The authors resolve this tension with geometric-phase metacavities: triggered single-photon emission from semiconductor quantum dots whose wave fronts are designed at will.
These monolithic devices are only 200 nm thick yet provide Purcell-enhanced emission together with spin–momentum-locked radiation, optical vortex beams and holographic patterns, set by the design. A meta-atom lattice supplies high-Q confinement, while spatially rotated elliptical holes outcouple photons in the desired state. The work merges metasurface wave-front shaping with cQED, pointing toward compact, multiplexed quantum-light sources. Published in Physical Review Letters, 7 July 2026.
Journal article / 論文(一次ソース): “Metacavity Quantum Electrodynamics,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 023601 (2026), DOI: 10.1103/j8gx-58hf
Keywords: cavity QED, キャビティ量子電磁力学, metacavity, メタキャビティ, metasurface, メタサーフェス, quantum dot, 量子ドット, single photon, 単光子, Purcell enhancement, Purcell増強, optical vortex, 光渦, geometric phase, 幾何学的位相, nanophotonics, ナノフォトニクス, 物理学, physics
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