📰 2026年1月 のニュース / January 2026 (全49件)
2026年1月(January 2026)に発表・報道された基礎物理学の最新ニュースと研究解説。Recent physics news and research explanations published in January 2026.
📅 2026年1月 / January 2026
On 29 January 2026, the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA collaborations published in Physical Review Letters a detailed analysis of GW250114 — the loudest gravitational-wave signal detected to date. The signal was recorded by the two LIGO detectors on 14 January 2025 from the merger of two black holes, with an exceptionally high signal-to-noise ratio.
Because it is so loud, GW250114 enables "black-hole spectroscopy." After the merger, the newly formed black hole "rings down," emitting a spectrum of damped oscillations (quasinormal modes) whose frequencies and decay times are fixed by the remnant's mass and spin. The analysis finds that the post-merger signal requires at least two quasinormal modes, and that the dominant quadrupolar mode and its first overtone match the predictions of the Kerr metric — Einstein's rotating–black-hole solution — to within tens of percent. The authors describe it as the most stringent single-event test of general relativity and of the Kerr nature of black holes to date. A companion paper used the same event to test Hawking's black-hole area law.
Coverage / 報道: APS Physics | LIGO
Related keywords: GW250114, gravitational wave, 重力波, black hole spectroscopy, ブラックホール分光, quasinormal mode, 準固有振動モード, ringdown, リングダウン, Kerr metric, カー計量, general relativity, 一般相対性理論, LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, no-hair theorem, 無毛定理, Hawking area law, ホーキング面積定理, Einstein
When a quantum many-body system is periodically or randomly "driven," it usually absorbs energy and heats up toward a featureless, infinite-temperature state, destroying any interesting structure. On 28 January 2026, a team from the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and collaborators reported in Nature that they used a two-dimensional superconducting quantum processor, Chuang-tzu 2.0 — 78 qubits arranged in a 6×13 lattice with 137 tunable couplers — to observe a long-lived "prethermal" regime in which heating is dramatically suppressed.
The system was initialized in a density-wave pattern and driven by sequences of structured random pulses characterized by an integer "multipolar order" n. By tracking the particle-number imbalance and the growth of subsystem entanglement entropy over up to 1,000 driving cycles, the team observed a prethermal plateau whose lifetime is "doubly tunable": it can be extended both by raising the driving frequency and by increasing n, growing algebraically with frequency with a universal exponent 2n+1. They also saw a crossover from area-law to volume-law entanglement. Because the dynamics of 78 interacting qubits in two dimensions lie beyond tensor-network simulation, the result showcases superconducting processors as a tool for probing non-equilibrium phases that classical computers cannot easily reach.
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | Nature
Related keywords: prethermalization, 前熱平衡, random multipolar driving, ランダム多極子駆動, Floquet, フロケ, 78-qubit, Chuang-tzu 2.0, 荘子2.0, superconducting qubit, 超伝導量子ビット, non-equilibrium, 非平衡, entanglement entropy, エンタングルメントエントロピー, time crystal, 時間結晶, quantum simulator, 量子シミュレータ, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 中国科学院, Nature
Arrays of neutral atoms and optical-cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity QED) have grown into two of the central platforms of experimental quantum science, but combining them has been difficult: previous experiments could only couple an entire atom array to a single shared cavity mode, limiting addressability and scalability. On 28 January 2026, a Stanford-led team (Jonathan Simon’s group) reported in Nature a "cavity-array microscope" that gives each atom its own cavity.
The design uses intra-cavity lenses and a microlens array to engineer a two-dimensional array of more than 40 micron-scale cavity modes — in one configuration, 43 modes producing 86 fluorescence spots — each strongly coupled to a single rubidium atom held in free space, with above-unity peak cooperativity and without any nanophotonic structures near the atoms. This parallel, individually addressable atom–cavity interface is a promising route to fast non-destructive atom readout, large-scale quantum networks, and engineered hybrid atom–photon Hamiltonians, and is compatible with the geometries used in Rydberg atom-array quantum computers.
Coverage / 報道: Nature | SciTechDaily (Stanford)
Related keywords: cavity QED, 空洞量子電磁力学, cavity-array microscope, 空洞アレイ顕微鏡, neutral atom array, 中性原子アレイ, optical cavity, 光共振器, intracavity lens, 空洞内レンズ, single-atom interfacing, cooperativity, 協同性, quantum network, 量子ネットワーク, Rydberg atom, リュードベリ原子, Stanford, Jonathan Simon, Nature
"Runaway stars" are stars hurtling through the galaxy at unusually high speeds, having been flung away from the regions where they were born. A team led by the Institute of Cosmos Sciences of the University of Barcelona (ICCUB) and the Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia (IEEC), with the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), has carried out the most extensive observational study to date of massive O-type runaway stars in our Milky Way, analysing their rotation and binarity.
Two competing scenarios are thought to launch such stars: the "dynamical ejection" scenario, in which gravitational interactions in a dense young cluster fling a star out, and the "binary supernova" scenario, in which the supernova explosion of a companion in a binary system kicks the surviving star away. By statistically characterising how fast these O-type runaways spin and how often they have binary companions, the study helps disentangle which mechanism dominates and flags new candidates for exotic systems — including high-energy binaries that may host neutron stars or black holes. The results were published in Astronomy & Astrophysics.
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | ICCUB
Related keywords: runaway star, 逃走星, O-type star, O型星, massive star, 大質量星, stellar rotation, 自転, binarity, 連星性, dynamical ejection, 力学的放出, binary supernova, 連星超新星, supernova kick, neutron star, 中性子星, black hole, ブラックホール, Milky Way, 天の川, ICCUB, University of Barcelona, Astronomy & Astrophysics
Superfluids flow without resistance and are usually regarded as a low-temperature ground state — once formed, they keep flowing indefinitely. On 28 January 2026, a Columbia-led team (C. R. Dean’s and J. I. A. Li’s groups, first author Yihang Zeng) reported in Nature that they observed the opposite behaviour in a system of excitons: an insulating phase that “melts” into a superfluid as conditions change.
The excitons — bound pairs of an electron in one layer and a hole in an adjacent layer — were hosted in a graphene double-layer structure — two closely spaced but electrically isolated graphene layers — under an applied magnetic field (magnetoexcitons). By tuning the spacing between excitons through the layer charge imbalance, the team drove a transition between a superfluid state (in which the paired excitons flow coherently) and an insulating state (in which they lock in place). Observing an insulating phase that gives way to a superfluid is, in the authors’ words, unprecedented, and the platform offers a clean, tunable route to study strongly correlated bosons and long-standing questions about supersolidity in a solid-state setting.
Coverage / 報道: Nature | Phys.org
Related keywords: exciton, エキシトン, superfluid, 超流動, superfluid-to-insulator transition, 超流動絶縁体転移, bilayer graphene, 二層グラフェン, electron-hole pair, 電子正孔対, exciton condensate, エキシトン凝縮, supersolid, 超固体, strongly correlated bosons, 強相関ボソン, Columbia University, Nature
Graphene’s prized fast, low-dissipation electron transport comes from its two-dimensional honeycomb lattice — but that two-dimensionality also makes it fragile and hard to use at scale. On 27 January 2026, a University of Liverpool-led team reported in the journal Matter that a three-dimensional crystal, hafnium distannide (HfSn₂), can host some of the same 2D-like electronic behaviour inside a robust bulk material.
The key is what the authors call decoupling structural and electronic dimensionality: HfSn₂ is built from a 3D honeycomb arrangement with a chiral stacking, and although the crystal is fully three-dimensional, its electrons move as if confined to two-dimensional sheets. Because the material is intrinsically 3D, it is more stable than an atomically thin flake while still showing the fast, low-energy transport wanted for next-generation low-power logic and spintronic devices, which could ease the practical hurdles to using graphene-like physics at scale.
Coverage / 報道: Matter (Cell Press) | Phys.org
Related keywords: HfSn2, 二スズ化ハフニウム, 3D honeycomb, 3次元ハニカム, chiral stacking, キラル積層, 2D transport, 2次元伝導, Dirac fermion, ディラック電子, graphene analogue, グラフェン類似, spintronics, スピントロニクス, low-power electronics, 低消費電力電子工学, University of Liverpool, Matter
In late January 2026, Alexander Venner, Andrew Vanderburg and collaborators reported in The Astrophysical Journal Letters the discovery of HD 137010 b, an Earth-sized transiting planet candidate orbiting a tenth-magnitude K-dwarf about 146 light-years away. The signal was recovered from archival K2 photometry (Campaign 15, 2017), and archival radial velocities, astrometry and imaging were used to rule out the conventional false-positive scenarios.
The planet sits near the outer edge of its star's habitable zone. With an estimated equilibrium temperature of about -68 °C (for zero albedo) it is "cool" rather than temperate, but as a bright, nearby, Earth-sized world it is an attractive target for follow-up. Because only a single transit has been observed, confirmation requires the detection of a second transit — for example with TESS or CHEOPS — while the expected radial-velocity signal of just ~13 cm/s lies beyond the reach of current spectrographs.
Source / 出典: A. Venner, A. Vanderburg et al., "A Cool Earth-sized Planet Candidate Transiting a Tenth Magnitude K-dwarf from K2," The Astrophysical Journal Letters 997, L38 (2026). DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/adf06f
Coverage / 報道: ApJL (IOP) | arXiv
Related keywords: HD 137010 b, exoplanet, 系外惑星, transiting planet, 通過惑星, habitable zone, ハビタブルゾーン, 生命居住可能領域, K-dwarf, K型矮星, Kepler K2, ケプラーK2, Earth-sized, 地球サイズ, radial velocity, 視線速度法, equilibrium temperature, 平衡温度, Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vanderburg
One of cosmology's most stubborn puzzles is how supermassive black holes (SMBHs), weighing millions to billions of solar masses, already existed less than a billion years after the Big Bang. The “heavy-seed” picture assumed they had to start from massive seeds (~10⁴–10⁵ solar masses) formed by direct collapse, because ordinary stellar-mass (“light”) seeds were thought to grow too slowly. Researchers at Maynooth University (Ireland) now argue, in a study published in Nature Astronomy, that this assumption may be unnecessary.
Using high-resolution cosmological simulations, the team showed that in the dense, turbulent, gas-rich environments of the first galaxies, light seeds (the remnants of the first stars) could undergo episodes of extremely rapid, even super-Eddington, accretion. The chaotic conditions funnel gas onto the seeds far faster than the smooth, idealized models assume, allowing modest beginnings to balloon into billion-solar-mass giants within the first few hundred million years. The result reopens the light-seed channel as a viable route to the earliest SMBHs seen by JWST.
Coverage / 報道: ScienceDaily | Maynooth University
Related keywords: light seed black hole, 軽い種ブラックホール, supermassive black hole, 超巨大ブラックホール, super-Eddington accretion, 超エディントン降着, early universe, 初期宇宙, JWST, Maynooth University, Nature Astronomy, cosmic dawn, 宇宙の夜明け, direct collapse, 直接崩壊, seed black hole, 種ブラックホール
On 26 January 2026, a team using JWST’s COSMOS-Web survey published in Nature Astronomy an ultra-high-resolution, wide-area map of dark matter, reconstructed from weak gravitational lensing — the subtle distortion that intervening mass imprints on the shapes of roughly 250,000 background galaxies across about half a square degree of sky. It is the largest map of its kind and reaches more than twice the resolution of earlier space-based (Hubble) surveys.
The map traces the cosmic web in unprecedented detail: dense clumps of dark matter linked by filamentary "bridges," along which gas and galaxies are distributed, plus previously unseen low-mass galaxy groups too faint or distant for other telescopes. Tracing mass structures out to redshift z ≈ 2 (with the most distant structure at z ≈ 1.1), the data provide a sharp new benchmark for testing cosmological simulations — and any disagreement at sufficient precision could hint at new physics in how dark matter behaves on the largest scales.
Source / 出典: "An ultra-high-resolution map of (dark) matter," Nature Astronomy (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02763-9
Coverage / 報道: Nature Astronomy | UC Riverside | National Geographic
Related keywords: dark matter, 暗黒物質, weak gravitational lensing, 弱い重力レンズ, COSMOS-Web, JWST, cosmic web, コズミック・ウェブ, mass map, 質量マップ, convergence map, 収束マップ, filament, フィラメント, large-scale structure, 大規模構造, cosmology, 宇宙論, Nature Astronomy
Sulfur-bearing molecules are thought to have played key roles in the biochemistry of early life, so finding them in space is of great interest — yet until now, interstellar detections of sulfur organics had been limited to molecules with at most nine atoms. On 23 January 2026, an international team reported in Nature Astronomy the detection of a six-membered, sulfur-bearing cyclic hydrocarbon: 2,5-cyclohexadien-1-thione (a 13-atom structural isomer of thiophenol), toward the Galactic Center molecular cloud G+0.693−0.027, some 27,000 light-years away.
To make the identification, the team first measured the molecule's rotational spectrum in the laboratory using a chirped-pulse Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer, obtaining the precise "fingerprints" needed to search for it in radio-telescope data. The molecule now ranks as the largest interstellar sulfur-bearing species known. The authors argue it may herald a whole new family of prebiotically relevant sulfur compounds, potentially bridging the chemistry of the interstellar medium with the sulfur inventory found in asteroids, comets and meteorites of our own Solar System.
Coverage / 報道: Max Planck Institute (MPE) | Nature Astronomy
Related keywords: organosulfur, 有機硫黄, sulfur-bearing molecule, 硫黄含有分子, astrochemistry, 宇宙化学, interstellar medium, 星間物質, molecular cloud, 分子雲, Galactic Center, 銀河中心, cyclohexadienethione, cyclic hydrocarbon, 環状炭化水素, thiophenol, prebiotic chemistry, 生命前駆化学, rotational spectroscopy, 回転分光, Nature Astronomy
The pseudogap is one of the central mysteries of high-temperature (cuprate) superconductors: a strange metallic state appearing above the superconducting transition, in which part of the electronic states seem to "disappear" even though the material is neither an ordinary metal nor a superconductor. On 23 January 2026, a team led by Immanuel Bloch at the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics (MPQ), with collaborators including the Flatiron Institute, reported a quantum-simulation study of this regime in PNAS.
Using a quantum gas microscope that realizes the Fermi–Hubbard model with ultracold lithium atoms in an optical lattice, the team measured spin and charge correlations up to fifth order across a wide range of dopings and temperatures. As the system was cooled into the pseudogap regime, they observed a universal scaling behaviour of magnetic and higher-order spin–charge correlations, together with a doping-dependent suppression of the spin stiffness accompanied by the growth of higher-order correlations. The result offers a clean, microscopic view of how correlations build up at the onset of the pseudogap — a key step toward understanding unconventional superconductivity.
Coverage / 報道: Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics | PNAS
Related keywords: pseudogap, 擬ギャップ, Fermi-Hubbard model, フェルミ・ハバード模型, quantum simulator, 量子シミュレータ, quantum gas microscope, 量子ガス顕微鏡, spin-charge correlation, スピン電荷相関, high-temperature superconductivity, 高温超伝導, cuprate, 銅酸化物, ultracold atoms, 極低温原子, optical lattice, 光格子, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Immanuel Bloch, PNAS
On 22 January 2026, the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Collaboration released the culmination of its program: for the first time it combined all six years of weak-gravitational-lensing and galaxy-clustering data, and — as envisioned at the survey’s inception 25 years ago — it brought together all four of its dark-energy probes in a single experiment: baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO), Type-Ia supernovae, galaxy clusters, and weak lensing.
DES mapped hundreds of millions of galaxies using the Dark Energy Camera on the Víctor M. Blanco 4-metre Telescope at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile. The completed multi-probe analysis — a summary of 18 supporting papers, submitted to Physical Review D — yields constraints on the cosmic expansion history about twice as tight as previous analyses. Tested against the standard ΛCDM model (constant dark-energy density) and an extended wCDM model, the data show a weak preference for dark energy that evolves over time, consistent with recent hints from the DESI survey, while remaining broadly compatible with ΛCDM.
Coverage / 報道: Fermilab | arXiv:2601.14559 | Dark Energy Survey
Related keywords: Dark Energy Survey, DES, ダークエネルギーサーベイ, dark energy, 暗黒エネルギー, weak gravitational lensing, 弱重力レンズ, galaxy clustering, 銀河クラスタリング, BAO, バリオン音響振動, Type Ia supernova, Ia型超新星, galaxy cluster, 銀河団, ΛCDM, wCDM, evolving dark energy, 進化する暗黒エネルギー, Dark Energy Camera, Blanco Telescope, CTIO, DESI, cosmology, 宇宙論
In 1915 Einstein and Wander de Haas showed that changing the magnetization of an object sets it mechanically rotating — a direct manifestation of the conservation of total angular momentum, in which the angular momentum carried by electron spins is transferred to bulk rotation. On 22 January 2026, a team at the Institute of Science Tokyo (Science Tokyo) reported in Science the first realization of the Einstein–de Haas effect in a quantum fluid.
Working with a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) of europium atoms — an integer-spin, strongly dipolar species — the group, led by Professor Mikio Kozuma and Assistant Professor Yuki Miyazawa with Professor Yuki Kawaguchi, observed that a change in the condensate’s magnetization coherently transfers angular momentum from the atomic spins into macroscopic motion of the fluid. This experimentally demonstrates that total angular momentum is conserved at the quantum level in a macroscopic coherent matter wave, and opens a route to exploring ground states with broken chiral symmetry, spin textures, mass circulation, and the Barnett effect in dipolar quantum gases.
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | Institute of Science Tokyo
Related keywords: Einstein–de Haas effect, アインシュタイン・ド・ハース効果, Bose–Einstein condensate, ボーズ・アインシュタイン凝縮, europium, ユウロピウム, dipolar quantum gas, 双極子量子気体, spin, スピン, angular momentum conservation, 角運動量保存, mass circulation, 質量循環, Barnett effect, バーネット効果, quantum fluid, 量子流体, Science Tokyo, Kozuma, Science
Quantum metrology uses entanglement to push measurement precision beyond the "standard quantum limit" set by uncorrelated particles. Single-parameter quantum metrology is well established, but jointly estimating several parameters at once with spatially separated entangled systems had not been demonstrated, and the theoretical framework was unclear. On 22 January 2026, a team led by Philipp Treutlein (University of Basel) and Alice Sinatra (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Paris) reported such a demonstration in Science.
The researchers first entangled the spins within a single Bose–Einstein condensate, then split it into three spatially separated, mutually entangled clouds that served as local sensors — an Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) array of massive, many-particle systems. Using an optimal estimation protocol, they measured the spatial distribution of an electromagnetic field with substantially better precision than possible without spatial entanglement, surpassing the standard quantum limit in key multiparameter tasks. The protocols apply directly to existing precision instruments such as optical lattice clocks, gravimeters, atom interferometers and sensor-array imaging.
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | University of Basel
Related keywords: quantum metrology, 量子計測, entanglement, 量子もつれ, EPR paradox, EPRパラドックス, Bose–Einstein condensate, ボーズ・アインシュタイン凝縮, multiparameter estimation, 多パラメータ推定, standard quantum limit, 標準量子限界, spin squeezing, スピンスクイージング, atomic sensor, 原子センサー, optical lattice clock, 光格子時計, University of Basel, Treutlein, Sinatra, Science
On 22 January 2026, Ke Wang, Dong-Ling Deng and collaborators (Zhejiang University and Tsinghua University) reported in Nature Physics the experimental demonstration of two low-overhead quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes on a new superconducting processor named "Kunlun." qLDPC codes promise far lower qubit overhead than the surface code, but require the long-range qubit-qubit couplings that are hard to realize on planar superconducting chips.
On the 32-qubit chip, a two-dimensional architecture with overlapping long-range couplers enabled high-fidelity CZ gates between distant transmons and the simultaneous measurement of all nonlocal weight-6 stabilizers through the periodic execution of a syndrome-extraction circuit. The codes encode logical qubits with roughly three-to-four times fewer physical qubits than surface codes with the same number of logical qubits and the same code distance. The result is a concrete step toward scalable, resource-efficient fault-tolerant quantum computing on superconducting hardware.
Source / 出典: K. Wang, D.-L. Deng et al., "Demonstration of low-overhead quantum error correction codes," Nature Physics (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-03157-4
Coverage / 報道: Nature Physics | arXiv
Related keywords: qLDPC, quantum LDPC codes, 量子低密度パリティ検査符号, quantum error correction, 量子誤り訂正, surface code, 表面符号, logical qubit, 論理量子ビット, low overhead, 低オーバーヘッド, Kunlun processor, 崑崙, superconducting qubit, 超伝導量子ビット, overlapping long-range coupler, 長距離カプラー, fault-tolerant quantum computing, 誤り耐性量子計算, Zhejiang University, Tsinghua University, Nature Physics
On 21 January 2026, a team led by Markus Arndt at the University of Vienna, together with colleagues at the University of Duisburg-Essen, reported in Nature the matter-wave interference of sodium nanoparticles containing more than 7,000 atoms, with masses exceeding 170,000 Da. This is the most massive class of objects ever shown to display quantum wave behaviour: the mass exceeds the previous molecular record (functionalized oligoporphyrins, ~25,000 Da) several-fold, while the experiment's "macroscopicity" reaches μ = 15.5 — about an order of magnitude beyond all previous experiments.
Each particle is roughly 8 nm across — comparable to a large protein — yet it was prepared in a delocalized superposition spanning far more than its own size. The experiment used a Talbot–Lau interferometer (named MUSCLE) with all-optical photodepletion gratings in the deep ultraviolet. Metal clusters are a qualitatively new material class for such tests, and the result places fresh empirical bounds on hypothetical modifications to quantum mechanics — such as spontaneous-collapse models — at the boundary between the quantum and classical worlds.
Coverage / 報道: Nature News | phys.org
Related keywords: matter-wave interference, 物質波干渉, quantum superposition, 量子重ね合わせ, sodium cluster, ナトリウムクラスター, nanoparticle, ナノ粒子, Talbot-Lau interferometer, タルボ・ラウ干渉計, macroscopicity, マクロ性, de Broglie wavelength, ド・ブロイ波長, collapse model, 収縮モデル, University of Vienna, Markus Arndt, decoherence, デコヒーレンス
How does a single foreign particle — an impurity — behave when immersed in a “Fermi sea” of many identical fermions such as electrons or atoms? Two very different pictures have long coexisted: the established quasiparticle (Fermi-polaron) view, in which a mobile impurity dresses itself with excitations and moves through the sea, and a contrasting view in which the impurity acts as a heavy, essentially static scatterer (Anderson’s orthogonality catastrophe). Theorists at the Institute for Theoretical Physics of Heidelberg University have presented a framework that unifies the two, in a paper published in Physical Review Letters on 6 November 2025 and highlighted by the university on 20 January 2026.
By reordering the operators of the underlying many-body Hamiltonian, the authors derive a modified fermion dispersion with a recoil-induced energy gap — the “mass gap” — and identify it as the microscopic origin of the Fermi polaron’s quasiparticle weight, whose power-law scaling with the impurity-to-fermion mass ratio connects the mobile-quasiparticle regime continuously to the static limit. The result has far-reaching implications for current quantum-matter experiments with ultracold atomic gases and related strongly correlated systems, where impurity physics is a key probe of many-body correlations.
Coverage / 報道: Heidelberg University | Phys.org | arXiv
Related keywords: Fermi polaron, フェルミポラロン, impurity, 不純物, Fermi sea, フェルミ海, quasiparticle, 準粒子, mass gap, 質量ギャップ, quantum many-body, 量子多体問題, ultracold atoms, 超冷却原子, strongly correlated systems, 強相関系, Heidelberg University, Physical Review Letters
On 20 January 2026, a team from IBM Quantum and Algorithmiq (Laurin E. Fischer, Matea Leahy, Sergey N. Filippov and colleagues) reported in Nature Physics that a 91-qubit superconducting quantum processor can accurately simulate the dynamics of maximally chaotic "dual-unitary" circuits. Dual-unitary circuits are non-integrable, yet permit exact analytical results for certain correlation functions, making them an ideal benchmark for verification at scale.
By combining improved noise-learning with tensor-network error mitigation, the measured correlators matched the exact analytical predictions. The team then perturbed the circuits away from the dual-unitary point and compared against classical tensor-network simulations, probing dynamics beyond exact verification. The work shows that error-mitigated, pre-fault-tolerant processors can serve as trustworthy tools for exploring quantum many-body physics.
Source / 出典: L. E. Fischer et al., "Dynamical simulations of many-body quantum chaos on a quantum computer," Nature Physics 22, 302–307 (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-03144-9
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | Nature Physics
Related keywords: many-body quantum chaos, 多体量子カオス, dual-unitary circuit, デュアルユニタリ回路, error mitigation, 誤り抑制, tensor-network error mitigation, noise learning, ノイズ学習, 91-qubit, superconducting processor, 超伝導プロセッサ, correlation function, 相関関数, quantum simulation, 量子シミュレーション, IBM Quantum, Algorithmiq, Nature Physics
On 19 January 2026, an international team co-led by the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) and Stanford University (Vivek Pareek, David R. Bacon and colleagues, with corresponding authors Felipe H. da Jornada and Keshav M. Dani) reported in Nature Physics a new route to Floquet engineering — reshaping a material's electronic structure with a time-periodic field. Conventional Floquet engineering needs intense laser light, which causes heating and multi-photon absorption.
Using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (TR-ARPES) on a monolayer semiconductor, they showed that the time-periodic oscillation of the self-energy of an electron bound to a hole — the "excitonic field" — produces Floquet effects about two orders of magnitude stronger and longer-lived than optically driven counterparts. The measurements directly capture the hybridization between the exciton-dressed conduction band and the valence band, opening applied Floquet physics for engineering quantum materials.
Source / 出典: V. Pareek et al., "Driving Floquet physics with excitonic fields," Nature Physics 22, 209–217 (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-03132-z
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | Nature Physics
Related keywords: Floquet engineering, フロケ工学, excitonic field, 励起子場, exciton, エキシトン, self-energy, 自己エネルギー, monolayer semiconductor, 単層半導体, TR-ARPES, 時間角度分解光電子分光, band hybridization, バンド混成, quantum materials, 量子材料, OIST, 沖縄科学技術大学院大学, Stanford University, Keshav Dani, Nature Physics
In January 2026 the Baryon Antibaryon Symmetry Experiment (BASE) at CERN — an international collaboration including Imperial College London — was recognized among Physics World's Top 10 Breakthroughs of 2025. BASE was honored for being the first to achieve coherent quantum control of the spin of a single trapped antiproton, a major advance in antimatter physics. An antiproton has the same mass as a proton but opposite charge, and behaves like a tiny magnet that can point in one of two spin directions.
Coherently driving and reading out that single spin lets physicists measure the antiproton's magnetic moment with unprecedented precision. Comparing it to the proton's provides one of the most stringent tests of CPT symmetry — the deep requirement that matter and antimatter obey mirror-image laws. Any tiny discrepancy could help explain why the universe is made of matter rather than antimatter. The findings were first published in Nature in 2025 and selected by Physics World in December; the wider recognition continued into the new year.
Source / 出典: BASE Collaboration (CERN), Nature (2025) — Physics World "Top 10 Breakthroughs of 2025"
Coverage / 報道: Imperial College London | CERN BASE
Related keywords: antiproton, 反陽子, BASE experiment, antimatter, 反物質, CPT symmetry, CPT対称性, magnetic moment, 磁気モーメント, spin control, スピン制御, Penning trap, ペニングトラップ, CERN, Physics World breakthrough, matter-antimatter asymmetry, 物質反物質非対称, precision measurement, 精密測定
Excitons — bound pairs of an electron and a positively charged "hole" — normally move through a semiconductor as a single, charge-neutral unit, with the electron and hole staying together "monogamously." On 1 January 2026, a team from the Joint Quantum Institute (University of Maryland) reported in Science that this picture can break down dramatically. Studying interlayer excitons in a WSe₂/WS₂ moiré heterobilayer, immersed in a two-dimensional gas of electrons, they found that the exciton diffusion coefficient is extremely sensitive to how many electrons are present.
Near the electronic Mott-insulator state — where the electron layer forms an ordered lattice with one electron per moiré site — the excitons diffused up to a thousand times faster than at charge neutrality. The authors attribute this giant enhancement to mobile valence holes: because the ordered electron charge suppresses the moiré potential felt by the holes, a hole can hop away and recombine with any nearby conduction electron rather than staying bound to its original partner — a "non-monogamous" motion. The result turns exciton diffusion into a sensitive optical probe of hidden electronic order, and illuminates the rich interplay between bosons (excitons) and fermions (electrons) in engineered quantum materials.
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | Science
Related keywords: exciton diffusion, エクシトン拡散, 励起子, Mott insulator, モット絶縁体, moiré heterostructure, モアレ超格子, interlayer exciton, 層間励起子, Bose-Fermi mixture, ボース・フェルミ混合系, WSe2, WS2, valence hole, 正孔, generalized Wigner crystal, 一般化ウィグナー結晶, JQI, University of Maryland, Hafezi, Science
Since JWST began operations, astronomers have puzzled over "little red dots" (LRDs): compact, very red sources in the early universe with broad hydrogen and helium emission lines. Their nature has been fiercely debated — extreme star formation, or accreting supermassive black holes with strangely weak X-ray and radio emission? In the Nature issue dated 15 January 2026, a University of Copenhagen–led team offered a unifying answer using the highest-quality JWST spectra.
They show that in most LRDs, the broad lines are not primarily broadened by rapid orbital motion (Doppler broadening) but by electron scattering, with a narrow intrinsic core. The data require very high electron column densities and remarkably compact sizes (light-days across), which — combined with the high luminosities — can only be explained by black-hole accretion. Crucially, the narrow line cores imply black-hole masses of only 10⁵–10⁷ solar masses, about a hundred times lower than earlier estimates. In this picture, an LRD is a young, still relatively small supermassive black hole devouring a dense surrounding cocoon of ionized gas; the heat radiated through that cocoon produces the object's characteristic red color, and naturally accounts for the missing X-rays and radio emission.
Coverage / 報道: University of Copenhagen (NBI) | Nature
Related keywords: little red dots, リトル・レッド・ドット, supermassive black hole, 超大質量ブラックホール, JWST, ジェイムズ・ウェッブ宇宙望遠鏡, electron scattering, 電子散乱, ionized cocoon, 電離ガスの繭, early universe, 初期宇宙, active galactic nucleus, 活動銀河核, accretion, 降着, University of Copenhagen, Cosmic Dawn Center, Nature
Many direct dark-matter experiments now hunt for "light" dark matter, with masses from roughly MeV to GeV, whose collisions with nuclei produce recoils too feeble to detect directly. To gain sensitivity, they rely on the Migdal effect — predicted by Arkady Migdal in 1939–1941 — in which an atom's sudden recoil shakes its electron cloud and ejects an electron, producing a detectable signal. But the effect itself had never been directly observed in nuclear scattering, casting doubt on experiments that depend on it. On 14 January 2026, a China-based collaboration reported the first direct observation in Nature.
Using a purpose-built gaseous pixel detector, the team bombarded a gas target with fast (2.5 MeV) neutrons from a compact deuterium–deuterium generator and searched for the effect's distinctive signature: two tracks — one from the recoiling nucleus and one from the ejected (Migdal) electron — emerging from the same point. Out of almost a million recorded events, six clean candidates were identified, reaching a statistical significance of five standard deviations (5σ), the gold standard for discovery in particle physics. The result experimentally confirms the Migdal effect in nuclear collisions and shores up the foundation of light-dark-matter detection strategies that rely on it.
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | Nature
Related keywords: Migdal effect, ミグダル効果, dark matter, 暗黒物質, light dark matter, 軽い暗黒物質, sub-GeV, nuclear recoil, 原子核反跳, neutron, 中性子, ionization, 電離, direct detection, 直接検出, gaseous pixel detector, ガスピクセル検出器, 5 sigma, 5シグマ, Nature, Difan Yi
Topological phases of matter — recognised with the 2016 Nobel Prize — are usually understood in terms of electrons pictured as well-defined particles moving through a material’s band structure. On 14 January 2026, researchers at TU Wien, with theory collaborators at Rice University (Qimiao Si’s group), reported in Nature Physics a heavy-fermion compound in which robust topological behaviour appears even though that particle picture breaks down.
Near a quantum phase transition, where strong quantum fluctuations dissolve the usual quasiparticle description, the team detected a clear topological signature at temperatures below one degree above absolute zero: a spontaneous (anomalous) Hall effect, in which charge carriers are deflected without any external magnetic field. Strikingly, the effect was strongest exactly where the quantum fluctuations were most intense; suppressing those fluctuations with pressure or a magnetic field made the topological properties vanish. The Rice theory links this quantum criticality to topology, and the authors describe the phase as an emergent topological semimetal — evidence that topological distinctions can be generalised to an abstract, mathematical form that does not require well-defined particles, and may even arise because particle-like states are absent.
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | Nature Physics
Related keywords: topological semimetal, トポロジカル半金属, quantum criticality, 量子臨界, heavy fermion, 重い電子系, spontaneous Hall effect, 自発ホール効果, anomalous Hall effect, 異常ホール効果, strongly correlated electrons, 強相関電子系, Weyl-Kondo, quantum phase transition, 量子相転移, emergent topology, 創発的トポロジー, TU Wien, Rice University, Qimiao Si, Nature Physics
Optical atomic clocks based on a single trapped ion are exquisitely accurate, but their precision is ultimately limited by quantum projection noise, which improves only as more ions (and more time) are added — yet scaling to many ions reintroduces systematic shifts. On 14 January 2026, a team from Germany’s PTB, Leibniz University Hannover and Thailand’s NIMT reported in Physical Review Letters the coherent excitation of the highly forbidden electric-octupole (E3) ²S₁/₂ → ²F₇/₂ clock transition in the odd isotope ¹⁷³Yb⁺ (nuclear spin I = 5/2), revealing a hyperfine-state-dependent, nuclear-spin-induced quenching of that transition.
Because this quenching shortens the excited-state lifetime by about an order of magnitude relative to the unperturbed clock state of ¹⁷¹Yb⁺, far less laser power is needed to drive the transition — which in turn sharply reduces the ac-Stark (light) shift imposed by the clock laser. Using a three-ion Coulomb crystal, the team demonstrated an approximately twentyfold suppression of this light shift, removing a key obstacle on the path to scalable multi-ion Yb⁺ optical clocks. They also reported the unquenched reference transition frequency to 14 significant figures, 642.11917656354(43) THz. Such clocks underpin efforts to redefine the SI second and to test for new physics, such as a possible drift of the fine-structure constant.
Coverage / 報道: Phys. Rev. Lett. | Phys.org | SciTechDaily
Related keywords: optical atomic clock, 光原子時計, ytterbium-173, イッテルビウム173, octupole transition, 八重極遷移, E3 transition, Coulomb crystal, クーロン結晶, ac Stark shift, 交流シュタルクシフト, light shift, 光シフト, nuclear spin quenching, 核スピンクエンチング, multi-ion clock, 多イオン時計, SI second, SI秒の再定義, fine-structure constant, 微細構造定数, PTB, Mehlstäubler, Physical Review Letters
For about four decades, the leading assumption has been that dark matter must be “cold” — moving slowly — when it freezes out in the early universe, since cold dark matter is needed to grow the galaxies and large-scale structure we observe. Researchers at the University of Minnesota Twin Cities and Université Paris-Saclay now report, in Physical Review Letters, that dark matter could instead have been born “red hot,” moving at nearly the speed of light, and still cool down in time.
The team studied dark-matter production during post-inflationary reheating — the brief, poorly understood epoch right after cosmic inflation when the universe was re-filled with particles. They found scenarios in which dark matter is produced ultrarelativistically yet redshifts and cools enough before structure formation begins. The work broadens the allowed range of dark-matter models and, the authors argue, opens an observational window onto an era extremely close to the Big Bang, with implications for both collider searches and astrophysical probes.
Coverage / 報道: EurekAlert! | SciTechDaily
Related keywords: dark matter, 暗黒物質, hot dark matter, 灼熱の暗黒物質, cold dark matter, 冷たい暗黒物質, reheating, 再加熱, post-inflationary, インフレーション後, freeze-out, フリーズアウト, ultrarelativistic, 超相対論的, University of Minnesota, Paris-Saclay, Physical Review Letters, 構造形成, structure formation
Ideas from nuclear and high-energy physics describe how, in out-of-equilibrium systems of charged chiral fermions, an electric current flowing parallel to a magnetic field can trigger a dynamic instability that amplifies electromagnetic waves. On 9 January 2026 (reported 13 January), a University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign-led team reported in Nature Physics the first observation of such a "dynamic magneto-chiral instability" in a solid-state material — elemental tellurium, a structurally chiral crystal.
Using time-domain terahertz emission spectroscopy, the team photoexcited tellurium in a moderate magnetic field and saw terahertz radiation whose coherent modes grew in amplitude over time — the signature of amplification rather than ordinary decay. Their model attributes the effect to an instability of electromagnetic waves coupled to the infrared-active oscillators of acceptor states, producing an amplifying "polariton." The result carries a mechanism from high-energy physics into condensed matter and points to a new route for terahertz-wave amplification in chiral materials.
Coverage / 報道: Nature Physics | University of Illinois (MRL) | Phys.org
Related keywords: magneto-chiral instability, 磁気カイラル不安定性, chirality, カイラリティ, tellurium, テルル, terahertz emission, テラヘルツ放射, polariton, ポラリトン, chiral anomaly, カイラルアノマリー, photoexcitation, 光励起, wave amplification, 波の増幅, condensed matter, 物性物理, UIUC, Nature Physics
A Josephson junction — the foundational element of superconducting quantum computers, and the subject of the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics — is conventionally built from two superconductors separated by a thin barrier, whose paired electrons synchronize across the gap. In a study published in Nature Communications (announced late December 2025 / early January 2026), an international team led by the University at Buffalo and the Autonomous University of Madrid reported the first experimental evidence that such behavior can arise with only one superconductor present.
Their device stacked superconducting vanadium and ferromagnetic iron, separated by a thin magnesium-oxide layer. By measuring shot noise — the tiny fluctuations from the discreteness of electric charge — the team found electrons moving in large, highly coordinated groups inside the iron, a hallmark of Josephson-junction synchronization normally seen only between two superconductors. This was surprising because ferromagnetism (spins aligned) and conventional superconductivity (spins paired antiparallel) usually oppose each other. The interpretation: broken inversion symmetry and interfacial spin–orbit coupling at the V/MgO/Fe interface induce an unconventional, spin-triplet (same-spin) superconducting region within the iron. Because both iron and magnesium oxide are already common in magnetic hard drives and MRAM, the finding hints at simpler routes to Josephson devices and possibly to more robust, topological superconductivity.
Coverage / 報道: University at Buffalo | Phys.org
Related keywords: Josephson junction, ジョセフソン接合, single superconductor, 単一超伝導体, spin-triplet superconductivity, スピン三重項超伝導, same-spin pairing, 同一スピン対, shot noise, ショットノイズ, vanadium, iron, MgO, proximity effect, 近接効果, spin-orbit coupling, スピン軌道結合, topological superconductor, トポロジカル超伝導, University at Buffalo, Zutic, Aliev, Nature Communications
A team led by Sergey Frolov (University of Pittsburgh), with collaborators in Minnesota and Grenoble, carried out a series of replication studies of topological effects in nanoscale superconducting and semiconducting devices — the kind of measurements that had been celebrated as evidence for Majorana zero modes, a sought-after building block for topological quantum computing. Their careful re-examination found that several signals once interpreted as breakthroughs could be explained in simpler, more mundane ways.
Strikingly, the work itself struggled to get published: the paper underwent a record two years of peer and editorial review after its 2023 submission before finally appearing in Science on 8 January 2026. The episode is a high-profile case study in scientific self-correction and the value (and difficulty) of replication in fast-moving, high-stakes fields. It does not disprove Majorana physics outright, but it raises the bar of evidence required and underscores how easily exotic interpretations can outrun the data.
Coverage / 報道: ScienceDaily | University of Pittsburgh
Related keywords: Majorana zero mode, マヨラナ・ゼロモード, topological quantum computing, トポロジカル量子計算, replication, 追試, 再現研究, superconductor, 超伝導, semiconductor nanowire, 半導体ナノワイヤ, Sergey Frolov, University of Pittsburgh, Science journal, self-correction, 科学の自己修正, quantum computing, 量子コンピュータ
On 8 January 2026, researchers reported in Nature Physics a general way to predict which target nanostructures can be built by programmable self-assembly — and at what yield — before running any experiment. Modern methods (for example, DNA origami) let scientists precisely design particle shapes, concentrations, and interactions, but the resulting design space is enormous.
The team showed that a class of thermodynamic constraints carves this space into a high-dimensional convex polyhedron: structures lying inside it can in principle be assembled at high equilibrium yield, while the polyhedron's faces reveal hard limits and the unavoidable coexistence of competing structures. They validated the predictions with quantitative assembly experiments on nanoscale particles synthesized using DNA origami — turning self-assembly design from trial-and-error into a problem with a clear geometric map.
Coverage / 報道: Nature Physics
Related keywords: self-assembly, 自己組織化, programmable matter, プログラム可能物質, DNA origami, DNAオリガミ, statistical physics, 統計物理学, thermodynamic constraint, 熱力学的制約, convex polyhedron, 凸多面体, nanostructure, ナノ構造, equilibrium yield, 平衡収率, soft matter, ソフトマター
Astronomers using the W. M. Keck Observatory on Maunakea, Hawaiʻi, have found the most extended stream of super-heated gas yet seen flowing out of a nearby galaxy, giving some of the clearest evidence to date that a supermassive black hole can reshape its host galaxy far beyond its core. The findings, led by researchers at UC Irvine and Caltech/IPAC, were published in Science on 8 January 2026.
In the disk galaxy VV 340a, the observations revealed vast structures of energized gas stretching up to about 20,000 light-years from the galaxy’s centre — far larger than previously seen — and the Keck Cosmic Web Imager (KCWI) traced cooler, lower-energy gas extending well beyond the disk in a striking, spear-like structure aligned with the galaxy’s centre. The team attributes the outflow to a precessing (“wobbling”) jet launched by the active galactic nucleus: as the jet’s direction slowly changes over time, it sweeps across the galaxy and drives gas outward, leaving a spear-like fossil record of prolonged black-hole activity. It is described as the first galaxy-wide wobbling black-hole jet identified in a disk galaxy.
Coverage / 報道: Science | Phys.org
Related keywords: active galactic nucleus, 活動銀河核, AGN, precessing jet, 歳差ジェット, supermassive black hole, 超大質量ブラックホール, gas outflow, ガス流出, VV 340a, Keck Observatory, ケック天文台, KCWI, AGN feedback, AGNフィードバック, disk galaxy, 円盤銀河, Science
Simulating how quantum matter evolves in time is one of the central goals of physics and chemistry, and quantum computers are meant to do it where classical machines fail. For decades entanglement — the strong correlation between quantum particles — has been regarded as an obstacle: in classical simulation, high entanglement makes the problem exponentially harder. In a study published in Nature Physics on 14 July 2025 (Nat. Phys. 21, 1338–1345; August 2025 issue) and highlighted by the University of Hong Kong (HKU) on 8 January 2026, a team led by Qi Zhao (HKU) with You Zhou (Fudan University) and Andrew M. Childs (University of Maryland) showed that, for quantum simulation, entanglement can instead be an asset.
In an article titled “Entanglement accelerates quantum simulation,” the team showed that product-formula (Trotterization) algorithms incur smaller simulation error for entangled states — establishing an error bound in terms of entanglement entropy — so the very feature that bottlenecks classical methods speeds up the quantum algorithm. The result reframes entanglement as a resource rather than a barrier and suggests that the most classically intractable, strongly entangled regimes may be where quantum simulators gain the largest advantage.
Coverage / 報道: Nature Physics | Phys.org
Related keywords: quantum simulation, 量子シミュレーション, entanglement, エンタングルメント, Hamiltonian simulation, ハミルトニアンシミュレーション, quantum algorithm, 量子アルゴリズム, quantum advantage, 量子優位性, many-body dynamics, 多体ダイナミクス, University of Hong Kong, HKU, Nature Physics
A persistent puzzle in cosmology is the S8 tension: the early universe (seen in the cosmic microwave background) predicts the present-day cosmos should be slightly “clumpier” — more strongly clustered — than late-universe surveys actually find. A University of Sheffield-led team (Lei Zu, William Giarè, Eleonora Di Valentino and colleagues) proposes a solution: a tiny interaction between dark matter and neutrinos that gently slowed the growth of cosmic structure.
Combining Planck and Atacama Cosmology Telescope CMB data with Dark Energy Survey (DES Y3) cosmic-shear measurements, the team finds a nearly 3σ preference for a non-zero dark matter–neutrino interaction strength (around u ≈ 10⁻⁴), published in Nature Astronomy. The result does not overturn the standard ΛCDM model but suggests it may be incomplete, and gives particle physicists a concrete target — a specific kind of dark-sector coupling — to test with future CMB experiments and weak-lensing surveys.
Coverage / 報道: University of Sheffield | Phys.org | Live Science
Related keywords: S8 tension, S8テンション, dark matter neutrino interaction, 暗黒物質ニュートリノ相互作用, cosmic shear, コズミックシア, weak lensing, 弱重力レンズ, CMB, 宇宙マイクロ波背景放射, Planck, ACT, DES Y3, LambdaCDM, ΛCDM, University of Sheffield, Nature Astronomy, structure formation, 構造形成, dark sector, 暗黒セクター
The U.S. Department of Energy's Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) highlighted, in early January 2026, how partnerships between public institutions and private fusion companies are accelerating progress toward commercial fusion energy. Among the results: experiments achieving ion temperatures above 100 million °C — hotter than the core of the Sun — in compact “spherical” tokamaks, and confirmation of favorable energy-confinement scaling that bodes well for smaller, cheaper fusion reactors.
Spherical tokamaks squeeze the familiar doughnut-shaped magnetic bottle into a more apple-like shape, which can confine plasma more efficiently per unit magnetic field. The collaborative model — sharing PPPL's experimental facilities, diagnostics and decades of plasma-physics expertise with fast-moving startups — lets both sides run more experiments and stress-test how optimistic the commercial projections really are, a key step on the road to a working fusion power plant.
Source / 出典: Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) — reported via Phys.org (7 January 2026)
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | PPPL
Related keywords: nuclear fusion, 核融合, spherical tokamak, 球状トカマク, plasma physics, プラズマ物理, ion temperature, イオン温度, energy confinement, エネルギー閉じ込め, PPPL, fusion energy, 核融合エネルギー, magnetic confinement, 磁気閉じ込め, public-private partnership, 公民連携, commercial fusion, 商用核融合
For over a century, the branching of physical networks — blood vessels, neurons, tree and coral branches — was thought to follow simple "wiring economy": nature minimizing the total length of links. But careful measurements kept disagreeing with that prediction. On 7 January 2026, a team led by Xiangyi Meng (Rensselaer) with senior author Albert-László Barabási (Northeastern) reported in Nature — as that week’s cover article — that the true organizing principle is the minimization of surface area, not length.
Treating links as three-dimensional objects with thickness rather than idealized 1D wires makes the optimization mathematically intractable — until the authors found an exact mapping of surface minimization onto high-dimensional Feynman diagrams from string theory. The mapping predicts that, as links thicken, tree-like networks transition away from length-minimizing layouts, producing characteristic trifurcations, branching angles, and stable "orthogonal sprouts" that match real networks and even improve synapse formation in the brain and nutrient access in plants and fungi. The framework also offers design rules for artificial vasculature and 3D-printable metamaterials.
Coverage / 報道: Nature | Northeastern University | Physics Today
Related keywords: physical networks, 物理ネットワーク, surface minimization, 表面積最小化, wiring economy, 配線の経済性, string theory, 弦理論, Feynman diagrams, ファインマン図, branching, 枝分かれ, trifurcation, 三叉分岐, connectome, コネクトーム, vascular network, 血管網, network science, ネットワーク科学, Barabási, Meng, Nature
Non-Abelian anyons are exotic quasiparticles whose position exchange (braiding) changes the quantum state of the system in a topologically protected way — a property that makes them leading candidates for building a fault-tolerant quantum computer. They are expected to appear in "even-denominator" fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states, but directly probing their unusual statistics has been extremely hard. In a paper published online in Nature on 7 January 2026, a Weizmann Institute of Science team led by Yuval Ronen (with Ady Stern and David Mross) reported coherent Aharonov–Bohm interference at two even-denominator FQH states in high-mobility bilayer-graphene van der Waals heterostructures, using a Fabry–Pérot interferometer.
By deliberately tuning the filling factor to inject extra fractional quasiparticles into the interference loop, the team found that the additional bulk quasiparticles carry a fundamental electric charge of e* = ¼e — exactly the value expected for the non-Abelian anyons of these states. At a constant filling factor they observed an oscillation period of two flux quanta (ΔΦ = 2Φ₀), and at two hole-conjugate states they saw evidence for e* = ⅔e quasiparticles. The results provide direct interferometric evidence bearing on the statistics of these quasiparticles, an important step toward topologically protected quantum information encoded in anyons — though the authors are careful to note what the interference does and does not yet establish about full non-Abelian braiding.
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | Nature
Related keywords: non-Abelian anyon, 非可換エニオン, fractional quantum Hall, 分数量子ホール効果, even-denominator, 偶数分母, Fabry-Perot interferometry, ファブリ・ペロー干渉, Aharonov-Bohm, アハロノフ・ボーム, bilayer graphene, 二層グラフェン, quasiparticle charge, 準粒子電荷, topological quantum computation, トポロジカル量子計算, braiding, ブレイディング, Weizmann, Yuval Ronen, Ady Stern, Nature
Photon loss is the central obstacle in long-distance quantum communication: over long fiber links, only a tiny fraction of photons survive, hampering applications such as loophole-free Bell tests and device-independent quantum key distribution. Quantum teleportation — transferring a quantum state using shared entanglement plus classical communication — could in principle sidestep loss, but in practice it had proven hard to make teleportation transmit a single photon with higher survival probability than simply sending it directly. A study published in Nature Physics (2026) resolves this.
The team demonstrated an all-optical scheme for the remote preparation of entangled photons. Using a lossy channel, they achieved a heralding efficiency of 82% for "event-ready" entangled photons, and after distributing entanglement this way, showed teleportation-based transmission with a nearly threefold improvement in efficiency over direct transmission. Crucially, the advantage is unconditional — it does not rely on post-selecting only the lucky runs. The result is a concrete step toward practical quantum repeaters and large-scale quantum networks that can tolerate realistic channel loss.
Coverage / 報道: Nature Physics
Related keywords: quantum teleportation, 量子テレポーテーション, direct transmission, 直接伝送, lossy channel, 損失チャネル, photon loss, 光子損失, entanglement, 量子もつれ, heralded, ヘラルド, quantum repeater, 量子中継器, quantum network, 量子ネットワーク, device-independent QKD, 量子鍵配送, Bell test, ベル試験, Nature Physics
Ferroelectric materials — whose electric polarization can be switched by a field and retained — are attractive for low-power, non-volatile memory, but graphene, a single sheet of carbon atoms with a highly symmetric lattice, is not intrinsically ferroelectric. On 6 January 2026, a Korean team led by DGIST (with KAIST collaborators) reported in Nature Communications a new memory principle: by sandwiching ultrathin materials such as graphene together with α-RuCl₃, information can be written and erased electrically through the ferroelectric switching of interfacial electric dipoles.
Strikingly, the effect arises from the stacking itself — no artificial structural deformation is needed. The team's device was most stable around −243 °C (about 30 K) and showed strong non-volatility, retaining its state after the field was removed. Because the mechanism relies on interfacial dipoles engineered purely by stacking, it points toward ultralow-power electronic devices and, in particular, memory components for quantum computers that operate at ultralow temperatures. The work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea and the Institute for Basic Science (IBS).
Coverage / 報道: EurekAlert! (DGIST)
Related keywords: ferroelectricity, 強誘電性, sliding ferroelectricity, すべり強誘電性, graphene, グラフェン, stacking, 積層, 2D materials, 二次元材料, memory, メモリ, polarization, 分極, van der Waals, ファンデルワールス, DGIST, KAIST, Nature Communications
“Little red dots” (LRDs) are among the most puzzling objects JWST has found: extremely compact, red sources scattered across the early universe. Using JWST data, astronomers from the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian (CfA) presented evidence at the 247th meeting of the American Astronomical Society (Phoenix, 6 January 2026) that many LRDs may actually be gigantic, short-lived stars rather than ordinary galaxies.
If correct, these enormous “black-hole stars” would offer a direct glimpse of how the universe's first supermassive black holes formed: such massive stars can collapse to seed black holes that grow rapidly. The interpretation is debated — other groups argue LRDs are young supermassive black holes shrouded in dense ionized gas — but either way, JWST's high-quality spectra are reshaping our picture of the first billion years of cosmic history and the origin of supermassive black holes.
Coverage / 報道: CfA Harvard & Smithsonian | American Astronomical Society
Related keywords: little red dots, リトル・レッド・ドット, JWST, James Webb Space Telescope, ジェイムズ・ウェッブ宇宙望遠鏡, supermassive black hole, 超巨大ブラックホール, black hole star, ブラックホール星, supermassive star, 超大質量星, early universe, 初期宇宙, high redshift, 高赤方偏移, AAS 247, CfA, galaxy formation, 銀河形成
Superconducting qubits — the technology behind many leading quantum processors — lose information through decoherence, and chasing down every microscopic source of loss is central to building better machines. Researchers led by Z.-H. Sung (Fermilab) report, in Physical Review Materials, the discovery that niobium hydride precipitates commonly form inside the niobium thin films used to make qubits and resonators.
These hydride inclusions — whose size, location and density can vary with fabrication and processing — represent a previously unaccounted-for channel of energy loss, degrading the coherence of superconducting qubits and other resonators. Identifying the culprit points to concrete materials-engineering fixes (controlling hydrogen uptake and heat treatment) that could improve qubit lifetimes, a quiet but important step toward scalable, fault-tolerant quantum hardware.
Coverage / 報道: Fermilab News | DOE Office of Science
Related keywords: superconducting qubit, 超伝導量子ビット, niobium hydride, ニオブ水素化物, decoherence, デコヒーレンス, quantum computing, 量子コンピュータ, resonator, 共振器, niobium thin film, ニオブ薄膜, materials science, 材料科学, Fermilab, Physical Review Materials, coherence time, コヒーレンス時間, fault tolerance, 誤り耐性
If dark matter is made of very light particles (well below 1 eV), it behaves more like a wave than a particle, and the standard strategy of waiting for it to bump into a nucleus no longer works well. Hajime Fukuda and colleagues at the University of Tokyo and Chuo University propose, in Physical Review Letters, using spatially extended arrays of quantum sensors to detect such light dark matter — and crucially to measure not just its speed but also its direction.
Distributed quantum sensing has become a hot topic across quantum technology; the team imported those techniques into high-energy physics. Because the sensors are spread across space, comparing their signals reveals the velocity vector of an incoming dark-matter wave, offering a more general and directional approach than methods tied to a specific interaction. Directional information is powerful: it could help distinguish a genuine dark-matter signal from terrestrial noise and, eventually, map the dark-matter “wind” as Earth moves through the galactic halo.
Source / 出典: Fukuda, H. et al., Physical Review Letters (2026) — University of Tokyo / Chuo University (arXiv)
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org
Related keywords: light dark matter, 軽い暗黒物質, quantum sensor, 量子センサー, distributed quantum sensing, 分散量子センシング, directional detection, 方向検出, sub-eV, dark matter wind, 暗黒物質の風, University of Tokyo, 東京大学, Chuo University, 中央大学, Physical Review Letters, high-energy physics, 高エネルギー物理学, wave-like dark matter, 波的暗黒物質
Fault-tolerant quantum computing corrects the errors that inevitably arise as quantum computers process information, but doing so imposes overhead: extra physical qubits per logical qubit (space overhead) and extra physical operations per logical operation (time overhead). Existing schemes typically reduce one or the other; tackling both together has been hard. In a paper published online on 26 November 2025 and appearing in the January 2026 issue of Nature Physics (Vol. 22, pp. 27–32), researchers at the University of Tokyo and Nanofiber Quantum Technologies presented a protocol — with mathematical proof — that addresses space and time overhead simultaneously.
The method combines two complementary families of quantum error-correcting codes — quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes, which are efficient in qubit count, with concatenated Steane codes, which support fast logical operations. They prove the protocol achieves fault-tolerant computation with polylogarithmic time overhead and constant space overhead — even accounting for the required classical processing — pointing toward architectures that are both more scalable and faster than earlier designs, and helping close the resource gap between today’s noisy machines and practical fault-tolerant systems.
Coverage / 報道: Nature Physics | Phys.org
Related keywords: fault-tolerant quantum computation, 誤り耐性量子計算, quantum error correction, 量子誤り訂正, QLDPC code, QLDPC符号, quantum low-density parity-check, concatenated Steane code, 連結Steane符号, space overhead, 空間オーバーヘッド, time overhead, 時間オーバーヘッド, logical qubit, 論理量子ビット, University of Tokyo, 東京大学, Nanofiber Quantum Technologies, Nature Physics
Gravitational waves are routinely detected today, but whether gravity is fundamentally quantum — carried by particles called gravitons — remains untested. Ralf Schützhold of the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) proposes, in Physical Review Letters, an experiment that would go beyond detecting gravitational waves to actively manipulating them, by transferring tiny amounts of energy between a beam of light and a passing gravitational wave.
In the scheme, light loses a small amount of energy while the gravitational wave gains exactly the same amount — energy corresponding to one or more gravitons — through stimulated emission and absorption, much as in a laser but for gravity. Using entangled photon pulses could sharpen the instrument's sensitivity enough to probe the quantum state of the gravitational field itself. Success would not directly prove gravitons exist, but it would provide strong supporting evidence; failure of the predicted interference effects would challenge graviton-based theories. The proposal ties directly into the long quest for the graviton that this site has tracked.
Coverage / 報道: ScienceDaily | HZDR
Related keywords: graviton, グラビトン, 重力子, gravitational wave, 重力波, quantum gravity, 量子重力, stimulated emission, 誘導放出, interferometer, 干渉計, entangled photons, もつれ光子, Schutzhold, HZDR, Physical Review Letters, quantum nature of gravity, 重力の量子性, LIGO
On 2 January 2026, researchers from TU Wien and the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) reported in Nature Physics the first demonstration of self-induced superradiant masing — spontaneous, long-lived bursts of microwave emission produced with no external driving. Superradiance, in which many emitters radiate cooperatively, had usually been seen as a fast energy-loss mechanism that hampers quantum technologies.
The team coupled a dense ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centres in diamond — atomic defects whose electron spins act as tiny magnets — to a microwave cavity. After the expected initial superradiant burst, a surprising train of narrow, long-lived microwave pulses appeared. Large-scale simulations traced this to self-induced dipole–dipole interactions among the spins that dynamically repopulate energy levels, sustaining coherent emission. The very disorder that normally destroys quantum coherence here organizes the system into an extremely stable microwave source — a potential new building block for precision clocks, sensing, and communication.
Coverage / 報道: OIST | phys.org
Related keywords: superradiance, 超放射, masing, メーザー, NV center, 窒素空孔中心, diamond, ダイヤモンド, microwave cavity, マイクロ波共振器, dipole-dipole interaction, 双極子相互作用, spin ensemble, スピン集団, quantum sensing, 量子センシング, OIST, TU Wien, coherent emission, コヒーレント放射
On 2 January 2026, Hendrik Hegels, Thomas Stolz, Gerhard Rempe and Stephan Dürr (Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching) proposed in Physical Review A a scheme to generate optical Schrödinger-cat states — superpositions of two "classical" coherent light fields — using cavity Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT).
The main obstacle to large optical cats is photon loss, which usually destroys the superposition. The authors show that by tuning the losses of the two components to have identical amplitude, decoherence can be strongly suppressed despite significant photon loss during generation — so that cat states with mean photon numbers around 30 appear feasible with existing technology. Such states are a testbed for quantum physics on mesoscopic scales and a resource for quantum information.
Source / 出典: H. Hegels, T. Stolz, G. Rempe, S. Dürr, "Optimizing decoherence in the generation of optical Schrödinger cat states," Phys. Rev. A 113, 013708 (2026). DOI: 10.1103/nwry-xjsb
Coverage / 報道: Phys. Rev. A | arXiv
Related keywords: Schrödinger cat state, シュレーディンガー猫状態, optical cat state, 光の猫状態, cavity Rydberg EIT, 空洞リュードベリEIT, electromagnetically induced transparency, 電磁誘起透明化, coherent state superposition, コヒーレント状態の重ね合わせ, photon loss, 光子損失, decoherence, デコヒーレンス, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, MPQ, Rempe, Physical Review A
On 2 January 2026, Luísa Toledo Tude, Emily Haughton and Paul R. Eastham (Trinity College Dublin) published in Physical Review A a theoretical study showing that Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) of photons can form in dye-filled optical microcavities not only under laser/dye pumping, but also by coupling the cavity modes to an incoherent thermal reservoir such as sunlight.
They find that the threshold "pump temperature" above which condensation appears is set by the second law of thermodynamics, with the minimum threshold corresponding to a reversible three-level heat engine. The result ties photon condensation to the thermodynamics of heat engines and points toward coherent light generation, energy harvesting and quantum-heat-engine experiments driven by ordinary thermal light.
Source / 出典: L. Toledo Tude, E. Haughton, P. R. Eastham, "Photon condensation from thermal sources and the limits of heat engines," Phys. Rev. A 113, L010201 (2026). DOI: 10.1103/6lyv-trfj
Coverage / 報道: Phys. Rev. A | arXiv
Related keywords: photon Bose-Einstein condensate, 光子BEC, 光のBEC, dye microcavity, 色素マイクロ共振器, sunlight, 太陽光, thermal light, 熱光源, heat engine, 熱機関, second law of thermodynamics, 熱力学第二法則, three-level maser, coherent light, Trinity College Dublin, Physical Review A
Tiny defects in a semiconductor can act as "traps" that capture charge carriers, quietly degrading the efficiency of solar cells, LEDs and transistors. Detecting these trap states — especially at low densities — has been difficult with existing techniques. In Science Advances (dated 1 January 2026), researchers at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) and collaborators reported a photo-Hall-effect-based method that detects electronic trap states with roughly a thousand times greater sensitivity than conventional approaches.
The technique builds on the Hall effect — the sideways deflection of moving charges in a magnetic field — but resolves the contributions of electrons and holes separately under illumination (a "carrier-resolved photo-Hall" measurement). This lets the researchers extract detailed information about trap densities and carrier behavior that is otherwise hidden. Because trap states are a key limiter of performance in photovoltaics and other optoelectronic devices, a far more sensitive, contact-friendly diagnostic could accelerate the design of higher-efficiency solar cells and related technologies.
Coverage / 報道: Interesting Engineering | Science Advances
Related keywords: photo-Hall effect, フォトホール効果, Hall effect, ホール効果, trap states, トラップ準位, semiconductor, 半導体, carrier-resolved, キャリア分解, solar cell, 太陽電池, photovoltaics, 太陽光発電, defect, 欠陥, optoelectronics, 光電子工学, KAIST, Science Advances
Tokamak plasmas have long been bound by an empirical ceiling on density — the Greenwald limit — beyond which the plasma tends to disrupt. On 1 January 2026, researchers at the Institute of Plasma Physics (ASIPP, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and Aix-Marseille University reported in Science Advances that the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) reached a long-predicted "density-free regime," remaining stable at densities far above the traditional limit.
The key was controlling plasma–wall interactions during start-up: using electron-cyclotron-resonance-heating (ECRH)-assisted ohmic start-up, the team reduced impurity accumulation and energy losses, suppressing the instabilities that normally trigger high-density disruptions. The work, co-led by Ping Zhu (HUST) and Ning Yan (ASIPP), points to a practical, scalable pathway for operating tokamaks at higher density — important because fusion power output rises steeply with density, making it directly relevant to next-generation burning-plasma devices on the road to ignition.
Coverage / 報道: Science Advances | Phys.org | ScienceDaily
Related keywords: EAST, tokamak, トカマク, density-free regime, 密度フリー領域, Greenwald limit, グリーンワルド限界, nuclear fusion, 核融合, plasma-wall interaction, プラズマ壁相互作用, ECRH, 電子サイクロトロン共鳴加熱, disruption, ディスラプション, burning plasma, 燃焼プラズマ, ASIPP, 中国科学院, Science Advances
In the Nature issue dated 1 January 2026 (Vol. 649; first posted online in November 2025), a Harvard-led collaboration with MIT, QuEra Computing, and NIST/University of Maryland presented a complete blueprint for a universal, fault-tolerant quantum processor built from reconfigurable arrays of up to 448 neutral atoms. Using surface codes, the team showed that repeated quantum error correction suppresses errors below threshold — an improvement factor of 2.14 per increase in code distance — by combining atom-loss detection with machine-learning decoding.
Crucially, they went beyond error-corrected memory: they entangled logical qubits using transversal gates and lattice surgery, and achieved universal logic via transversal teleportation with three-dimensional [[15,1,3]] codes, together with logical-state generation and physical-qubit reset. These ingredients establish practical foundations for scalable, universal error-corrected processing in neutral-atom systems. (The paper appeared in print in the 1 January 2026 issue of Nature, Vol. 649, after being posted online in November 2025.)
Coverage / 報道: IEEE Spectrum | Nature
Related keywords: neutral atom, 中性原子, fault-tolerant, 誤り耐性, quantum error correction, 量子誤り訂正, surface code, 表面符号, logical qubit, 論理量子ビット, lattice surgery, 格子手術, transversal gate, 横断ゲート, QuEra, Harvard, Lukin, below threshold, しきい値以下, [[15,1,3]] code
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