📰 2026年1月 のニュース / January 2026 (全127件)
2026年1月(January 2026)に発表・報道された基礎物理学の最新ニュースと研究解説。Recent physics news and research explanations published in January 2026.
📅 2026年1月 / January 2026
Most topological phases studied in photonics are Abelian: exchanging two band degeneracies in parameter space leaves the final state unchanged. Non-Abelian topology is different — the outcome depends on the order of the exchanges, which is exactly the property that makes braiding a candidate primitive for fault-tolerant quantum logic. Realizing it, however, usually demands finely tuned multiband structures that are hard to build and harder to reconfigure.
On 30 January 2026, a team from Seoul National University and collaborators in Hong Kong reported in Physical Review Letters a design framework for programmable lattices supporting non-Abelian topological photonics and braiding. Rather than fabricating one device per braiding sequence, the approach specifies how to lay out and tune couplings so that a single lattice can be steered through different exchange paths, so that different orders of exchange leave measurably different final states. Because the platform is classical light rather than fragile quantum matter, it offers a bench-top testbed for the geometry of braiding itself.
Coverage / 報道: APS (PRL)
Related keywords: non-Abelian topology, 非可換トポロジー, braiding, 編み込み, topological photonics, トポロジカルフォトニクス, programmable lattice, プログラマブル格子, band degeneracy, バンド縮退, frame charge, フレーム電荷, Seoul National University, Physical Review Letters
In the Standard Model, the QCD transition at a temperature of roughly 150 MeV, when quarks and gluons became confined into hadrons about ten microseconds after the Big Bang, is a smooth crossover. Nothing boils, nothing nucleates, and essentially no gravitational waves are produced. That makes it invisible to gravitational-wave astronomy — unless new physics changes its character.
On 30 January 2026, Aleksandr Chatrchyan, M. C. David Marsh and Charalampos Nikolis showed in Physical Review Letters that a light scalar field — a dilaton, whose vacuum expectation value sets the QCD scale — can drive the transition to be strongly first order. The universe would then supercool, bubbles of the hadronic phase would nucleate and collide, and the resulting stochastic gravitational-wave background would peak near nanohertz frequencies. That is precisely the band in which pulsar timing arrays have reported a stochastic signal, so the scenario is testable: it predicts a spectral shape distinguishable, in principle, from the astrophysical supermassive-black-hole-binary interpretation.
Coverage / 報道: APS (PRL)
Related keywords: dilaton, ディラトン, QCD phase transition, QCD相転移, first-order transition, 一次相転移, stochastic gravitational wave background, 確率的重力波背景, nanohertz, ナノヘルツ, pulsar timing array, パルサータイミングアレイ, bubble nucleation, 泡の核生成, supercooling, 過冷却, early universe, 初期宇宙
Chirality — handedness — is normally treated as a fixed property of a molecule's equilibrium structure. Formic acid (HCOOH) is planar in its ground state and therefore achiral by that definition. But a molecule is never truly at rest: even at absolute zero, quantum zero-point motion bends it out of plane, so at any given instant an individual molecule may be left- or right-handed, with the two possibilities exactly balanced over an ensemble.
On 30 January 2026, an international collaboration led from Goethe University Frankfurt reported in Physical Review Letters a measurement of this instantaneous, single-molecule chirality. By fragmenting individual molecules and recording the momenta of the pieces in coincidence, the team reconstructed the three-dimensional arrangement of each molecule at the moment of ionization and could assign a handedness to it, even though the ensemble is racemic and the equilibrium geometry is planar. The result sharpens the distinction between structural chirality and the chirality a molecule actually possesses instant by instant — a distinction that matters for how chiral light–matter interactions are interpreted.
Coverage / 報道: APS (PRL)
Related keywords: chirality, キラリティ, 掌性, formic acid, ギ酸, zero-point motion, 零点運動, single-molecule imaging, 単一分子イメージング, coincidence momentum imaging, 同時計測運動量イメージング, COLTRIMS, racemic, ラセミ体, Goethe University Frankfurt, ゲーテ大学フランクフルト, Physical Review Letters
Dirac semimetals host points where two doubly degenerate bands touch, and the stability of those touchings is usually guaranteed by crystal symmetry. In magnetic materials the bookkeeping becomes subtler: magnetic order breaks time reversal, and what survives are combined operations such as time reversal followed by a translation or a spatial rotation. Which Dirac points are protected, and what distinguishes one from another, has been correspondingly murky.
On 30 January 2026, Kohei Hattori, Hikaru Watanabe and Ryotaro Arita (University of Tokyo and RIKEN) proposed in Physical Review Letters a topological quantity they call the Dirac charge, defined for antiferromagnetic topological semimetals. The charge classifies Dirac points according to the magnetic symmetry that protects them and constrains how they can be created, moved or annihilated as the magnetic order or other parameters change. Because antiferromagnets are attractive for spintronics (they are robust against stray fields and have fast dynamics), a sharper topological classification of their band crossings is directly useful for material search.
Coverage / 報道: APS (PRL)
Related keywords: Dirac charge, ディラック電荷, antiferromagnet, 反強磁性, topological semimetal, トポロジカル半金属, magnetic symmetry, 磁気対称性, Néel vector, ネールベクトル, spintronics, スピントロニクス, University of Tokyo, 東京大学, RIKEN, 理化学研究所, Arita, 有田亮太郎
On 29 January 2026, the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA collaborations published in Physical Review Letters a detailed analysis of GW250114 — the loudest gravitational-wave signal detected to date. The signal was recorded by the two LIGO detectors on 14 January 2025 from the merger of two black holes, with an exceptionally high signal-to-noise ratio.
Because it is so loud, GW250114 enables "black-hole spectroscopy." After the merger, the newly formed black hole "rings down," emitting a spectrum of damped oscillations (quasinormal modes) whose frequencies and decay times are fixed by the remnant's mass and spin. The analysis finds that the post-merger signal requires at least two quasinormal modes, and that the dominant quadrupolar mode and its first overtone match the predictions of the Kerr metric — Einstein's rotating–black-hole solution — to within tens of percent. The authors describe it as the most stringent single-event test of general relativity and of the Kerr nature of black holes to date. A companion paper used the same event to test Hawking's black-hole area law.
Coverage / 報道: APS Physics | LIGO
Related keywords: GW250114, gravitational wave, 重力波, black hole spectroscopy, ブラックホール分光, quasinormal mode, 準固有振動モード, ringdown, リングダウン, Kerr metric, カー計量, general relativity, 一般相対性理論, LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, no-hair theorem, 無毛定理, Hawking area law, ホーキング面積定理, Einstein
Graphene multilayers have become a favourite playground for the interplay of electron correlation and topology, because their low-energy Dirac bands carry a large quantum metric and Berry curvature. Most routes to strongly correlated flat bands, however, run through twisting — stacking layers at a magic angle. On 29 January 2026, a team from Würzburg, Hamburg, Stony Brook and the Flatiron Institute reported in Physical Review Letters a different route.
The authors studied Mott physics and local spin moments in Dirac bands hybridized with a flat band of localized orbitals in functionalized graphene. By tuning the hybridization, they drive a topological transition between two symmetry-distinct "site-selective" Mott states, in which the local moments sit at different Wyckoff positions of the lattice — in effect, the magnetic moments switch their real-space home. In between the two states, a geometrically enforced metallic phase emerges. Because the mechanism relies on quantum geometry rather than on a magic twist angle, it suggests an alternative and potentially more robust platform for correlated flat-band physics than twisted bilayer graphene.
Coverage / 報道: APS (PRL) | PRL Highlights
Related keywords: quantum geometry, 量子幾何, quantum metric, 量子計量, Berry curvature, ベリー曲率, flat band, 平坦バンド, Mott state, モット状態, site-selective Mott, サイト選択的モット, Wyckoff position, ワイコフ位置, functionalized graphene, 官能基化グラフェン, twisted bilayer graphene, ねじれ二層グラフェン, ct.qmat, Würzburg, Hamburg, Flatiron Institute, Physical Review Letters
Cold dark matter simulations predict that the Milky Way's halo is lumpy, filled with subhalos down to very small masses. Detecting one directly is hard because a subhalo made of dark matter emits nothing; its only handle on the visible universe is gravity. One consequence, however, is measurable: a nearby subhalo tugs on stars and pulsars, and a pulsar that is being accelerated along our line of sight shows an anomalous drift in its spin period.
On 29 January 2026, Sukanya Chakrabarti, Philip Chang, Stefano Profumo and Peter Craig reported in Physical Review Letters that the growing set of precisely measured pulsar accelerations can be turned into limits on any dark matter subhalo in the solar neighbourhood. Because the induced acceleration field has a distinctive spatial pattern, an ensemble of pulsars scattered across the sky constrains both the mass of a candidate subhalo and how close it could be. The method is complementary to gravitational lensing and stellar-stream searches, and it improves automatically as pulsar timing campaigns accumulate baseline.
Coverage / 報道: APS (PRL)
Related keywords: dark matter subhalo, 暗黒物質サブハロー, pulsar timing, パルサータイミング, direct acceleration, 直接加速度測定, Milky Way halo, 天の川銀河ハロー, cold dark matter, 冷たい暗黒物質, galactic dynamics, 銀河力学, Physical Review Letters
Put a material inside an optical cavity and the electromagnetic vacuum stops being a passive backdrop: even with no photons present, vacuum fluctuations hybridize with the electrons and can reshape the ground state. Most cavity-materials proposals treat this as a perturbative dressing. What happens when the coupling is strong enough for the vacuum to undergo a phase transition of its own?
On 29 January 2026, a team from the University of Hong Kong and collaborators reported in Physical Review Letters that a deep-subwavelength cavity embedding a moiré superlattice realizes an "all-to-one" coupling, in which every electron in the superlattice talks to the same single cavity mode. In that regime the authors find a dual spontaneous symmetry breaking: parity is broken simultaneously in the cavity vacuum and in the electronic ground state. The material consequence is gyrotropy — the emergence of optical activity and related magneto-electric responses without any applied magnetic field or circularly polarized drive. It is a concrete proposal for using cavity vacuum fluctuations not merely to tune a material but to give it a new broken symmetry.
Coverage / 報道: APS (PRL)
Related keywords: cavity QED materials, キャビティ量子電磁力学物質, vacuum fluctuations, 真空ゆらぎ, spontaneous symmetry breaking, 自発的対称性の破れ, parity, パリティ, gyrotropy, 旋光性, moiré superlattice, モアレ超格子, deep-subwavelength cavity, 深サブ波長共振器, University of Hong Kong, 香港大学
When a quantum many-body system is periodically or randomly "driven," it usually absorbs energy and heats up toward a featureless, infinite-temperature state, destroying any interesting structure. On 28 January 2026, a team from the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and collaborators reported in Nature that they used a two-dimensional superconducting quantum processor, Chuang-tzu 2.0 — 78 qubits arranged in a 6×13 lattice with 137 tunable couplers — to observe a long-lived "prethermal" regime in which heating is dramatically suppressed.
The system was initialized in a density-wave pattern and driven by sequences of structured random pulses characterized by an integer "multipolar order" n. By tracking the particle-number imbalance and the growth of subsystem entanglement entropy over up to 1,000 driving cycles, the team observed a prethermal plateau whose lifetime is "doubly tunable": it can be extended both by raising the driving frequency and by increasing n, growing algebraically with frequency with a universal exponent 2n+1. They also saw a crossover from area-law to volume-law entanglement. Because the dynamics of 78 interacting qubits in two dimensions lie beyond tensor-network simulation, the result showcases superconducting processors as a tool for probing non-equilibrium phases that classical computers cannot easily reach.
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | Nature
Related keywords: prethermalization, 前熱平衡, random multipolar driving, ランダム多極子駆動, Floquet, フロケ, 78-qubit, Chuang-tzu 2.0, 荘子2.0, superconducting qubit, 超伝導量子ビット, non-equilibrium, 非平衡, entanglement entropy, エンタングルメントエントロピー, time crystal, 時間結晶, quantum simulator, 量子シミュレータ, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 中国科学院, Nature
Arrays of neutral atoms and optical-cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity QED) have grown into two of the central platforms of experimental quantum science, but combining them has been difficult: previous experiments could only couple an entire atom array to a single shared cavity mode, limiting addressability and scalability. On 28 January 2026, a Stanford-led team (Jonathan Simon’s group) reported in Nature a "cavity-array microscope" that gives each atom its own cavity.
The design uses intra-cavity lenses and a microlens array to engineer a two-dimensional array of more than 40 micron-scale cavity modes — in one configuration, 43 modes producing 86 fluorescence spots — each strongly coupled to a single rubidium atom held in free space, with above-unity peak cooperativity and without any nanophotonic structures near the atoms. This parallel, individually addressable atom–cavity interface is a promising route to fast non-destructive atom readout, large-scale quantum networks, and engineered hybrid atom–photon Hamiltonians, and is compatible with the geometries used in Rydberg atom-array quantum computers.
Coverage / 報道: Nature | SciTechDaily (Stanford)
Related keywords: cavity QED, 空洞量子電磁力学, cavity-array microscope, 空洞アレイ顕微鏡, neutral atom array, 中性原子アレイ, optical cavity, 光共振器, intracavity lens, 空洞内レンズ, single-atom interfacing, cooperativity, 協同性, quantum network, 量子ネットワーク, Rydberg atom, リュードベリ原子, Stanford, Jonathan Simon, Nature
"Runaway stars" are stars hurtling through the galaxy at unusually high speeds, having been flung away from the regions where they were born. A team led by the Institute of Cosmos Sciences of the University of Barcelona (ICCUB) and the Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia (IEEC), with the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), has carried out the most extensive observational study to date of massive O-type runaway stars in our Milky Way, analysing their rotation and binarity.
Two competing scenarios are thought to launch such stars: the "dynamical ejection" scenario, in which gravitational interactions in a dense young cluster fling a star out, and the "binary supernova" scenario, in which the supernova explosion of a companion in a binary system kicks the surviving star away. By statistically characterising how fast these O-type runaways spin and how often they have binary companions, the study helps disentangle which mechanism dominates and flags new candidates for exotic systems — including high-energy binaries that may host neutron stars or black holes. The results were published in Astronomy & Astrophysics.
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | ICCUB
Related keywords: runaway star, 逃走星, O-type star, O型星, massive star, 大質量星, stellar rotation, 自転, binarity, 連星性, dynamical ejection, 力学的放出, binary supernova, 連星超新星, supernova kick, neutron star, 中性子星, black hole, ブラックホール, Milky Way, 天の川, ICCUB, University of Barcelona, Astronomy & Astrophysics
Superfluids flow without resistance and are usually regarded as a low-temperature ground state — once formed, they keep flowing indefinitely. On 28 January 2026, a Columbia-led team (C. R. Dean’s and J. I. A. Li’s groups, first author Yihang Zeng) reported in Nature that they observed the opposite behaviour in a system of excitons: an insulating phase that “melts” into a superfluid as conditions change.
The excitons — bound pairs of an electron in one layer and a hole in an adjacent layer — were hosted in a graphene double-layer structure — two closely spaced but electrically isolated graphene layers — under an applied magnetic field (magnetoexcitons). By tuning the spacing between excitons through the layer charge imbalance, the team drove a transition between a superfluid state (in which the paired excitons flow coherently) and an insulating state (in which they lock in place). Observing an insulating phase that gives way to a superfluid is, in the authors’ words, unprecedented, and the platform offers a clean, tunable route to study strongly correlated bosons and long-standing questions about supersolidity in a solid-state setting.
Coverage / 報道: Nature | Phys.org
Related keywords: exciton, エキシトン, superfluid, 超流動, superfluid-to-insulator transition, 超流動絶縁体転移, bilayer graphene, 二層グラフェン, electron-hole pair, 電子正孔対, exciton condensate, エキシトン凝縮, supersolid, 超固体, strongly correlated bosons, 強相関ボソン, Columbia University, Nature
Galaxy clusters assemble hierarchically, and their hot X-ray-emitting atmospheres are usually taken to be a late-time feature: gas must fall into a deep potential well and be shock-heated to tens of millions of degrees. Finding such an atmosphere in the first billion years of cosmic history would imply that in some regions structure formation ran considerably ahead of the average.
In Nature on 28 January 2026, a team led by Ákos Bogdán reported the discovery of an X-ray-emitting protocluster at redshift z = 5.68 — merely about one billion years after the Big Bang. The detection indicates that large-scale structure must have formed more rapidly in some parts of the early universe than previously thought, adding to a growing set of early-universe observations, from massive galaxies to early black holes, that press on the standard timeline of cosmic assembly.
Coverage / 報道: Nature | Nature 649, Issue 8099
Related keywords: protocluster, 原始銀河団, X-ray emission, X線放射, redshift 5.68, 赤方偏移, structure formation, 構造形成, intracluster medium, 銀河団ガス, early universe, 初期宇宙, Chandra, チャンドラ, cosmology, 宇宙論, Bogdán, Nature
Twisted bilayer MoTe₂ hosts Chern insulators — states whose Hall response is quantized by a topological integer — including fractional Chern insulators, the zero-magnetic-field analogue of the fractional quantum Hall effect. These states rest on a spontaneously chosen spin/valley polarization of the itinerant electrons, which fixes the sign of the Chern number. Until now that choice has been set at cooldown or by a magnetic field, not steered at will.
Two papers published together in Nature on 28 January 2026 showed that circularly polarized light can do the steering. By optically pumping the itinerant ferromagnet in twisted MoTe₂ homobilayers, the teams oriented the spin polarization and thereby controlled the topological Chern number — switching between integer and fractional Chern insulating states, and reversing their sign, with light alone. Optical control of a topological invariant offers a fast, local handle on states that were previously addressed only through slow, global parameters.
Coverage / 報道: Nature | Companion paper
Related keywords: Chern insulator, チャーン絶縁体, fractional Chern insulator, 分数チャーン絶縁体, twisted MoTe2, ねじれMoTe₂, moiré material, モアレ物質, circularly polarized light, 円偏光, optical spin orientation, 光スピン配向, topological invariant, トポロジカル不変量, Xiaodong Xu, Nature
Optical parametric amplifiers amplify light directly, without the limited bandwidth of amplifiers based on excited atoms, and — when operated phase-sensitively — they can in principle amplify without adding noise, escaping the half-quantum penalty that any phase-insensitive linear amplifier must pay. Integrating them on thin-film lithium niobate is attractive for photonic circuits, but the pump powers required have generally been too high for practical, chip-scale systems.
In Nature on 28 January 2026, a Stanford-based team led by Amir Safavi-Naeini reported an integrated optical parametric amplifier on thin-film lithium niobate that achieves more than 17 dB of gain with less than 200 mW of input power, by resonantly enhancing the second-harmonic field that mediates the parametric process. Bringing high-gain, low-noise amplification down to modest on-chip power budgets is a practical enabler for photonic computing, quantum optics with squeezed light, and optical communications.
Coverage / 報道: Nature | Nature 649, Issue 8099
Related keywords: optical parametric amplifier, 光パラメトリック増幅器, thin-film lithium niobate, 薄膜ニオブ酸リチウム, second-harmonic generation, 第二高調波発生, integrated photonics, 集積フォトニクス, low-noise amplification, 低雑音増幅, squeezed light, スクイーズド光, Safavi-Naeini, Stanford, Nature
Crystals can be solved because diffraction from a periodic lattice concentrates structural information into sharp peaks. Glasses and other amorphous solids have no such periodicity, so their structure has traditionally been described only statistically, through pair-distribution functions. Atomic electron tomography — reconstructing a specimen in three dimensions from a tilt series of electron micrographs — promises actual atomic coordinates instead, but noise and missing data make reliability a serious question.
Two Analysis papers published in Nature on 28 January 2026 addressed both sides of this. A team including Jianwei Miao presented a quantitative framework that enables reliable determination of three-dimensional atomic coordinates and elemental identities in amorphous materials; a companion study used simulations to establish how much structural and chemical information atomic-resolution tomography can and cannot extract from noisy electron images. Together they turn atom-by-atom imaging of disordered matter into a measurement with stated error bars — a prerequisite for testing theories of the glassy state.
Coverage / 報道: Nature | Companion Analysis
Related keywords: atomic electron tomography, 原子分解能電子トモグラフィー, amorphous material, アモルファス物質, glass structure, ガラス構造, 3D atomic coordinates, 三次元原子座標, pair distribution function, 二体分布関数, electron microscopy, 電子顕微鏡, Jianwei Miao, disordered solids, 乱れた固体, Nature
A standard result in optics says a free-standing conductive film thinner than the wavelength cannot absorb more than half the light falling on it, no matter how its conductivity is chosen: the rest is split between reflection and transmission. This intrinsic 50% ceiling has shaped the design of thin-film absorbers, bolometers and terahertz detectors for decades, and the usual way around it is to add a mirror, a substrate or a resonant cavity behind the film.
On 28 January 2026, a team from Soochow University and Nanjing University reported in Physical Review Letters — highlighted as a Featured in Physics article — that the limit is not as absolute as it looks. At grazing incidence, where light skims the surface almost parallel to it, the interplay between the film's surface conductivity and the strongly asymmetric field profile allows absorption well above the conventional bound, for films of essentially arbitrary thinness. Since the enhancement requires only geometry rather than an added back reflector, it points to simpler ultrathin absorbers and to a re-examination of grazing-incidence optics in general.
Coverage / 報道: APS (PRL) | PRL Highlights
Related keywords: absorption limit, 吸収限界, thin conductive film, 極薄導電膜, grazing incidence, かすめ入射, 50% limit, 50%限界, thin-film absorber, 薄膜吸収体, bolometer, ボロメータ, terahertz detector, テラヘルツ検出器, surface conductivity, 面伝導率, Featured in Physics
In 2025 the KM3NeT collaboration reported KM3-230213A, a muon neutrino with an inferred energy of roughly 220 PeV — by a wide margin the most energetic neutrino ever detected, and awkwardly bright compared with what IceCube's non-detections at similar energies would suggest. Its origin remains open, and any single-source explanation has to account for why no comparable events have been seen elsewhere.
On 28 January 2026, Lua Airoldi, Gustavo Alves, Yuber Perez-Gonzalez, Gabriel Salla and Renata Zukanovich Funchal asked in Physical Review Letters whether the final burst of an evaporating primordial black hole could be responsible. A black hole ends its life by radiating at ever-rising temperature, so the last moments produce an intense, hard spectrum of every particle species, neutrinos included. The authors work out the neutrino flux from such an explosion and compare it against the KM3NeT event and against the constraints implied by IceCube's null results. The exercise is valuable independently of the answer: it converts a single anomalous event into a quantitative bound on the local rate of primordial black hole explosions.
Coverage / 報道: APS (PRL)
Related keywords: primordial black hole, 原始ブラックホール, Hawking radiation, ホーキング放射, black hole explosion, ブラックホール爆発, KM3NeT, KM3-230213A, ultrahigh-energy neutrino, 超高エネルギーニュートリノ, IceCube, neutrino astronomy, ニュートリノ天文学, 220 PeV
Ta₂NiSe₅ has been the leading candidate for an excitonic insulator, a phase predicted in the 1960s in which electrons and holes spontaneously bind into excitons and condense. The material undergoes a structural and electronic transition near 325 K, but for more than a decade it has been disputed whether that transition is driven by the electronic (excitonic) instability or is simply a lattice instability — a soft acoustic shear mode — with the electronic changes following along.
On 28 January 2026, Elliott Rosenberg, Joss Ayres-Sims, Andrew Millis, David Cobden and Jiun-Haw Chu (University of Washington and Columbia University) reported in Physical Review Letters an elastocaloric study that separates the two. The elastocaloric effect measures the temperature change produced by applied strain and is therefore a direct probe of which symmetry channel carries the entropy of the transition. The data show that the transition, observed at about 324 K, is driven by a nonacoustic instability rather than by an acoustic shear mode — strengthening the case that Ta₂NiSe₅'s transition is largely excitonic in nature, and demonstrating elastocaloric measurement as a discriminating tool for coupled electronic–structural transitions generally.
Coverage / 報道: APS (PRL)
Related keywords: excitonic insulator, 励起子絶縁体, Ta2NiSe5, elastocaloric effect, 弾性熱量効果, structural transition, 構造相転移, acoustic shear mode, 音響ずれモード, exciton condensation, 励起子凝縮, strain, 歪み, University of Washington, ワシントン大学, Columbia University
Dark matter cannot carry an ordinary electric charge — it would interact far too strongly with normal matter to have stayed invisible. But many extensions of the Standard Model predict particles with a tiny fractional charge, many orders of magnitude smaller than the electron's. These "millicharged" particles are a well-motivated dark-matter candidate, and on 27 January 2026 a team led by Ariel Arza reported in Physical Review Letters a way to hunt for them using an instrument that already blankets the planet: Earth's magnetic field.
The idea is that bosonic millicharged dark matter (mDM) sitting in the geomagnetic field would, despite its minuscule coupling to photons, source a quasistatic and highly monochromatic magnetic signal oscillating at exactly twice the mDM mass. The team searched archived magnetometer data from the SuperMAG and SNIPE Hunt collaborations for such a narrow line and found nothing. The resulting null result translates into upper bounds on the effective charge of ultralight bosonic mDM in the mass range of roughly 10⁻¹⁸ to 10⁻¹⁵ eV/c² that exceed the long-standing stellar-cooling constraints by more than 13 orders of magnitude — a striking demonstration that geophysical monitoring networks can double as fundamental-physics detectors.
Coverage / 報道: APS Physics Magazine | Physical Review Letters
Related keywords: millicharged dark matter, ミリチャージ暗黒物質, geomagnetic field, 地磁気, SuperMAG, SNIPE Hunt, magnetometer, 磁力計, ultralight boson, 超軽量ボソン, effective charge, 有効電荷, stellar cooling, 恒星冷却, dark photon, ダークフォトン, beyond Standard Model, 標準模型を越える物理, Physical Review Letters
Graphene’s prized fast, low-dissipation electron transport comes from its two-dimensional honeycomb lattice — but that two-dimensionality also makes it fragile and hard to use at scale. On 27 January 2026, a University of Liverpool-led team reported in the journal Matter that a three-dimensional crystal, hafnium distannide (HfSn₂), can host some of the same 2D-like electronic behaviour inside a robust bulk material.
The key is what the authors call decoupling structural and electronic dimensionality: HfSn₂ is built from a 3D honeycomb arrangement with a chiral stacking, and although the crystal is fully three-dimensional, its electrons move as if confined to two-dimensional sheets. Because the material is intrinsically 3D, it is more stable than an atomically thin flake while still showing the fast, low-energy transport wanted for next-generation low-power logic and spintronic devices, which could ease the practical hurdles to using graphene-like physics at scale.
Coverage / 報道: Matter (Cell Press) | Phys.org
Related keywords: HfSn2, 二スズ化ハフニウム, 3D honeycomb, 3次元ハニカム, chiral stacking, キラル積層, 2D transport, 2次元伝導, Dirac fermion, ディラック電子, graphene analogue, グラフェン類似, spintronics, スピントロニクス, low-power electronics, 低消費電力電子工学, University of Liverpool, Matter
In late January 2026, Alexander Venner, Andrew Vanderburg and collaborators reported in The Astrophysical Journal Letters the discovery of HD 137010 b, an Earth-sized transiting planet candidate orbiting a tenth-magnitude K-dwarf about 146 light-years away. The signal was recovered from archival K2 photometry (Campaign 15, 2017), and archival radial velocities, astrometry and imaging were used to rule out the conventional false-positive scenarios.
The planet sits near the outer edge of its star's habitable zone. With an estimated equilibrium temperature of about -68 °C (for zero albedo) it is "cool" rather than temperate, but as a bright, nearby, Earth-sized world it is an attractive target for follow-up. Because only a single transit has been observed, confirmation requires the detection of a second transit — for example with TESS or CHEOPS — while the expected radial-velocity signal of just ~13 cm/s lies beyond the reach of current spectrographs.
Source / 出典: A. Venner, A. Vanderburg et al., "A Cool Earth-sized Planet Candidate Transiting a Tenth Magnitude K-dwarf from K2," The Astrophysical Journal Letters 997, L38 (2026). DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/adf06f
Coverage / 報道: ApJL (IOP) | arXiv
Related keywords: HD 137010 b, exoplanet, 系外惑星, transiting planet, 通過惑星, habitable zone, ハビタブルゾーン, 生命居住可能領域, K-dwarf, K型矮星, Kepler K2, ケプラーK2, Earth-sized, 地球サイズ, radial velocity, 視線速度法, equilibrium temperature, 平衡温度, Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vanderburg
Fractional quantum Hall states are normally identified by plateaus in the Hall resistance and dips in the longitudinal resistance. That works well for robust states but poorly for fragile ones, whose gaps are small enough that the resistive signatures wash out. Thermopower — the voltage generated across a sample by a temperature gradient — measures something different: to a good approximation it tracks the entropy carried per charge carrier, which is sensitive to degeneracies and to the nature of the quasiparticles rather than merely to the size of the gap.
On 27 January 2026, a team from George Mason University, NIST, Brown University and NIMS (Japan) reported in Physical Review Letters — the work was chosen for the issue cover — a systematic thermopower study of fractional quantum Hall states in monolayer graphene as a function of filling factor and magnetic field. Thermopower proved more sensitive than resistivity in detecting certain fractional states, resolving features where transport alone is ambiguous. Because entropy per carrier is one of the few observables that can distinguish competing candidate ground states, the technique offers an additional handle in the search for exotic, possibly non-Abelian, fractional phases.
Coverage / 報道: APS (PRL) | PRL Highlights
Related keywords: thermopower, 熱起電力, Seebeck effect, ゼーベック効果, fractional quantum Hall effect, 分数量子ホール効果, monolayer graphene, 単層グラフェン, entropy per carrier, キャリアあたりエントロピー, filling factor, 充填率, non-Abelian anyon, 非可換エニオン, NIST, NIMS
Claims of quantum advantage usually come with two caveats. The first is that the classical hardness is conjectured rather than proved, so a cleverer classical algorithm might close the gap. The second is that verifying the quantum computer's output can itself be as hard as the computation, which makes the claim awkward to check. A demonstration that avoids both would be far more satisfying, even for a narrow task.
On 27 January 2026, Marcello Benedetti, Harry Buhrman and Jordi Weggemans reported in Physical Review Letters a learning problem in which quantum computation achieves the largest possible separation over classical computation in sample complexity — the number of examples that must be drawn before the task can be solved. The separation is provable, not conjectural, because it is established in a setting where classical lower bounds can be derived rigorously, and the quantum solution comes with an efficient verification procedure. The result does not by itself yield a practically useful speedup, but it sharpens the theoretical picture of where quantum machines are unambiguously stronger.
Coverage / 報道: APS (PRL)
Related keywords: quantum advantage, 量子優位性, sample complexity, サンプル複雑性, provable separation, 証明可能な分離, verifiable quantum computation, 検証可能な量子計算, quantum learning theory, 量子学習理論, computational complexity, 計算複雑性
Methane is one of the simplest molecules in the Solar System and one of the most abundant in the icy giant planets, so knowing which solid phase it adopts at a given pressure and temperature matters for modelling planetary interiors. Yet published high-pressure phase diagrams of methane have long disagreed with one another. On 26 January 2026, a University of Edinburgh-led team reported in Physical Review Letters a systematic re-examination that resolves much of the inconsistency.
Combining optical (Raman) spectroscopy with in situ high-temperature, high-pressure techniques, the authors mapped methane's melting curve and the location of its solid phases up to 45 GPa and 1100 K. Their central result is that a single diagram is not enough: the experiments yield two distinct diagrams, one describing the kinetic transformations that occur on the timescale of an experiment, and another describing the equilibrium states that are reached only with time. Raman spectra show that the appearance of, and transitions between, the higher-pressure phases VII, VIII and IX depend strongly on the pressure–temperature–time path taken — which explains why earlier studies, each following different paths, reached different conclusions.
Coverage / 報道: APS Physics Magazine | University of Edinburgh
Related keywords: methane, メタン, phase diagram, 相図, high pressure, 高圧, diamond anvil cell, ダイヤモンドアンビルセル, Raman spectroscopy, ラマン分光, melting curve, 融解曲線, planetary interior, 惑星内部, Uranus, 天王星, Neptune, 海王星, ice giant, 氷の巨惑星, University of Edinburgh, Physical Review Letters
One of cosmology's most stubborn puzzles is how supermassive black holes (SMBHs), weighing millions to billions of solar masses, already existed less than a billion years after the Big Bang. The “heavy-seed” picture assumed they had to start from massive seeds (~10⁴–10⁵ solar masses) formed by direct collapse, because ordinary stellar-mass (“light”) seeds were thought to grow too slowly. Researchers at Maynooth University (Ireland) now argue, in a study published in Nature Astronomy, that this assumption may be unnecessary.
Using high-resolution cosmological simulations, the team showed that in the dense, turbulent, gas-rich environments of the first galaxies, light seeds (the remnants of the first stars) could undergo episodes of extremely rapid, even super-Eddington, accretion. The chaotic conditions funnel gas onto the seeds far faster than the smooth, idealized models assume, allowing modest beginnings to balloon into billion-solar-mass giants within the first few hundred million years. The result reopens the light-seed channel as a viable route to the earliest SMBHs seen by JWST.
Coverage / 報道: ScienceDaily | Maynooth University
Related keywords: light seed black hole, 軽い種ブラックホール, supermassive black hole, 超巨大ブラックホール, super-Eddington accretion, 超エディントン降着, early universe, 初期宇宙, JWST, Maynooth University, Nature Astronomy, cosmic dawn, 宇宙の夜明け, direct collapse, 直接崩壊, seed black hole, 種ブラックホール
On 26 January 2026, a team using JWST’s COSMOS-Web survey published in Nature Astronomy an ultra-high-resolution, wide-area map of dark matter, reconstructed from weak gravitational lensing — the subtle distortion that intervening mass imprints on the shapes of roughly 250,000 background galaxies across about half a square degree of sky. It is the largest map of its kind and reaches more than twice the resolution of earlier space-based (Hubble) surveys.
The map traces the cosmic web in unprecedented detail: dense clumps of dark matter linked by filamentary "bridges," along which gas and galaxies are distributed, plus previously unseen low-mass galaxy groups too faint or distant for other telescopes. Tracing mass structures out to redshift z ≈ 2 (with the most distant structure at z ≈ 1.1), the data provide a sharp new benchmark for testing cosmological simulations — and any disagreement at sufficient precision could hint at new physics in how dark matter behaves on the largest scales.
Source / 出典: "An ultra-high-resolution map of (dark) matter," Nature Astronomy (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02763-9
Coverage / 報道: Nature Astronomy | UC Riverside | National Geographic
Related keywords: dark matter, 暗黒物質, weak gravitational lensing, 弱い重力レンズ, COSMOS-Web, JWST, cosmic web, コズミック・ウェブ, mass map, 質量マップ, convergence map, 収束マップ, filament, フィラメント, large-scale structure, 大規模構造, cosmology, 宇宙論, Nature Astronomy
General relativity predicts that after a burst of gravitational waves has passed, free test masses do not return to their original separation: they are left permanently displaced. This gravitational-wave memory is a nonlinear, low-frequency effect, it has never been observed, and it is one of the cleaner predictions distinguishing general relativity from alternatives. For binary neutron stars the calculation is harder than for black holes, because matter as well as spacetime carries energy away.
On 26 January 2026, Jamie Bamber, Antonios Tsokaros, Milton Ruiz, Stuart Shapiro, Marc Favata, Matthew Karlson and Fabrizio Venturi Piñas reported in Physical Review Letters a quantification of the complete displacement memory from binary neutron star mergers using general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations. Crucially, the calculation includes not only the memory sourced by the gravitational waves themselves but also the contributions from electromagnetic radiation, neutrinos and baryonic ejecta — components unique to matter-bearing mergers. Since memory accumulates coherently, stacking many events is the most likely route to a first detection, and predictions of this completeness are what such a search requires.
Coverage / 報道: APS (PRL)
Related keywords: gravitational wave memory, 重力波メモリー, binary neutron star, 連星中性子星, GRMHD, 一般相対論的磁気流体力学, displacement memory, 変位メモリー, neutrino emission, ニュートリノ放出, baryonic ejecta, バリオン放出物, general relativity, 一般相対性理論, LIGO, KAGRA
Quantum chromodynamics allows bound states made purely of gluons, with no valence quarks at all. Such glueballs are among the theory's most distinctive predictions, yet after half a century none has been identified beyond dispute: the lightest scalar glueball is expected in a mass region crowded with ordinary mesons, and mixing between them blurs every signature.
On 26 January 2026, Ryan Abbott, Daniel Hackett, Dimitra Pefkou, Fernando Romero-López and Phiala Shanahan (MIT and collaborators) reported lattice QCD evidence in Physical Review Letters that the scalar glueball is spatially small — noticeably more compact than typical light hadrons. Size is a physically meaningful discriminator because a compact object couples to production and decay channels differently from an extended one, so the result feeds directly into the interpretation of candidate resonances and into predictions for how glueballs should be produced in gluon-rich environments such as radiative J/ψ decays. It is a good illustration of first-principles lattice calculations supplying structural information that experiments cannot yet resolve on their own.
Coverage / 報道: APS (PRL)
Related keywords: glueball, グルーボール, scalar glueball, スカラーグルーボール, lattice QCD, 格子QCD, quantum chromodynamics, 量子色力学, gluon bound state, グルーオン束縛状態, hadron structure, ハドロン構造, MIT, Physical Review Letters
Dissipative Kerr solitons circulating in a microresonator turn a single continuous-wave laser into an optical frequency comb on a chip, the technology behind compact spectrometers, optical clocks and coherent communications. Their persistent weakness is conversion efficiency: only a small fraction of pump power ends up in the comb, because a single soliton occupies a tiny fraction of the cavity round trip. Mode crossings — accidental interactions between different transverse mode families — have generally been treated as a nuisance that destabilizes soliton formation.
On 26 January 2026, a team led from Keio University with collaborators in Japan and China reported in Physical Review Letters that strong mode interactions in ultrahigh-Q crystalline microresonators can instead produce a high-power, high-efficiency regime of picosecond pulsed solitons. Their analysis shows that localized mode crossings act as an effective higher-order dispersion, reshaping the soliton into a broader, more energetic pulse. Since the mechanism is engineered rather than avoided, it suggests a design rule for microcombs where output power, not merely bandwidth, is the figure of merit.
Coverage / 報道: APS (PRL)
Related keywords: Kerr soliton, カーソリトン, microcomb, 微小光コム, optical frequency comb, 光周波数コム, dissipative soliton, 散逸性ソリトン, mode crossing, モード交差, higher-order dispersion, 高次分散, ultrahigh-Q, 超高Q, crystalline microresonator, 結晶性微小共振器, Keio University, 慶應義塾大学
Quantum mechanics normally makes matter waves spread out. A soliton is the exception: a wave packet whose self-attraction exactly balances its tendency to disperse, so it stays localized. Bright matter-wave solitons have been made in free space before, but stabilizing them inside a periodic optical lattice — where the lattice itself tends to tear a cloud apart — had not been achieved.
In Physical Review Letters (published 23 December 2025), a University of Strathclyde-led team working with the University of Padova reported the first observation of single-site and multisite bright matter-wave solitons in an "optical accordion" lattice, whose spacing can be tuned continuously; the result drew wider coverage in late January 2026. The researchers began with a Bose–Einstein condensate of caesium atoms near absolute zero, loaded it into the laser-formed lattice, and used a magnetic field (a Feshbach resonance) to switch the interatomic interactions from repulsive to attractive. Under the right conditions the atoms locked into stable solitons at one lattice site or across several, instead of spilling across the grid. Because the solitons can now be held, addressed and guided within a lattice, the technique offers a new handle for atom interferometry, transport experiments and quantum-technology platforms built on coherent matter waves.
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | APS Physics Magazine
Related keywords: matter-wave soliton, 物質波ソリトン, bright soliton, 明るいソリトン, optical accordion lattice, 光アコーディオン格子, optical lattice, 光格子, Bose-Einstein condensate, ボースアインシュタイン凝縮, caesium, セシウム, Feshbach resonance, フェッシュバッハ共鳴, attractive interaction, 引力相互作用, atom interferometry, 原子干渉計, Physical Review Letters
Astronomy depends on a resource that is easy to destroy and almost impossible to restore: a genuinely dark, dry, stable night sky. The Atacama Desert in northern Chile has one of the best in the world, which is why ESO's Paranal Observatory sits there and why the 39-metre Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) is being built on nearby Cerro Armazones.
Astronomers had warned for months that AES Andes' proposed INNA project — an industrial complex for producing green hydrogen and ammonia, planned only a few kilometres from Paranal — would raise light pollution, atmospheric turbulence and dust above the observatories, degrading observing conditions that took decades to secure. On 24 January 2026 the company announced it was abandoning the project. Reported by Science and by Latin American outlets, the decision was received with relief by the astronomical community and stands as an unusual case in which the protection of an observing site prevailed over an industrial development already far advanced in planning.
Source / 出典: "Controversial Chilean energy project scrapped, relieving astronomers," Science (24 January 2026)
Coverage / 報道: Universe Today | ESO
Related keywords: Paranal Observatory, パラナル天文台, Extremely Large Telescope, 超大型望遠鏡, ELT, Cerro Armazones, セロ・アルマゾーネス, INNA, AES Andes, light pollution, 光害, dark sky, 暗い空, Atacama, アタカマ砂漠, green hydrogen, グリーン水素, ammonia, アンモニア, ESO, Chile, チリ
Several years ago it was found that a single microscopic particle in a steady electric field can rock back and forth on its own. On 23 January 2026, a Northwestern University team led by Monica Olvera de la Cruz reported in Nature Communications what happens when many such particles are put together: they spontaneously oscillate in unison, forming clusters that sway back and forth in near-perfect time, as though each particle could sense its neighbours.
Combining experiment with computational modelling, the team identified the synchronizing agent as the liquid the particles are suspended in. As each particle rocks, it stirs the surrounding fluid; those small flows propagate outward and nudge the timing of nearby particles. The particles never touch, yet hydrodynamic coupling alone is enough to lock them into a shared rhythm — a mechanism the authors call self-oscillating "synchronematic" behaviour. Beyond colloidal physics, the result offers a minimal physical explanation for how collective timing can emerge without any signalling or central pacemaker, a question that also arises for fireflies flashing together and for cells in a beating heart, and suggests design principles for programmable, self-coordinating microscale materials.
Coverage / 報道: Northwestern Now | EurekAlert!
Related keywords: colloid, コロイド, synchronization, 同期現象, hydrodynamic interaction, 流体力学的相互作用, self-oscillation, 自己振動, Quincke rotation, active matter, アクティブマター, soft matter, ソフトマター, collective behavior, 集団行動, emergence, 創発, Kuramoto, Northwestern University, Nature Communications
Sulfur-bearing molecules are thought to have played key roles in the biochemistry of early life, so finding them in space is of great interest — yet until now, interstellar detections of sulfur organics had been limited to molecules with at most nine atoms. On 23 January 2026, an international team reported in Nature Astronomy the detection of a six-membered, sulfur-bearing cyclic hydrocarbon: 2,5-cyclohexadien-1-thione (a 13-atom structural isomer of thiophenol), toward the Galactic Center molecular cloud G+0.693−0.027, some 27,000 light-years away.
To make the identification, the team first measured the molecule's rotational spectrum in the laboratory using a chirped-pulse Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer, obtaining the precise "fingerprints" needed to search for it in radio-telescope data. The molecule now ranks as the largest interstellar sulfur-bearing species known. The authors argue it may herald a whole new family of prebiotically relevant sulfur compounds, potentially bridging the chemistry of the interstellar medium with the sulfur inventory found in asteroids, comets and meteorites of our own Solar System.
Coverage / 報道: Max Planck Institute (MPE) | Nature Astronomy
Related keywords: organosulfur, 有機硫黄, sulfur-bearing molecule, 硫黄含有分子, astrochemistry, 宇宙化学, interstellar medium, 星間物質, molecular cloud, 分子雲, Galactic Center, 銀河中心, cyclohexadienethione, cyclic hydrocarbon, 環状炭化水素, thiophenol, prebiotic chemistry, 生命前駆化学, rotational spectroscopy, 回転分光, Nature Astronomy
The pseudogap is one of the central mysteries of high-temperature (cuprate) superconductors: a strange metallic state appearing above the superconducting transition, in which part of the electronic states seem to "disappear" even though the material is neither an ordinary metal nor a superconductor. On 23 January 2026, a team led by Immanuel Bloch at the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics (MPQ), with collaborators including the Flatiron Institute, reported a quantum-simulation study of this regime in PNAS.
Using a quantum gas microscope that realizes the Fermi–Hubbard model with ultracold lithium atoms in an optical lattice, the team measured spin and charge correlations up to fifth order across a wide range of dopings and temperatures. As the system was cooled into the pseudogap regime, they observed a universal scaling behaviour of magnetic and higher-order spin–charge correlations, together with a doping-dependent suppression of the spin stiffness accompanied by the growth of higher-order correlations. The result offers a clean, microscopic view of how correlations build up at the onset of the pseudogap — a key step toward understanding unconventional superconductivity.
Coverage / 報道: Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics | PNAS
Related keywords: pseudogap, 擬ギャップ, Fermi-Hubbard model, フェルミ・ハバード模型, quantum simulator, 量子シミュレータ, quantum gas microscope, 量子ガス顕微鏡, spin-charge correlation, スピン電荷相関, high-temperature superconductivity, 高温超伝導, cuprate, 銅酸化物, ultracold atoms, 極低温原子, optical lattice, 光格子, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Immanuel Bloch, PNAS
Mechanical metamaterials get their properties from geometry rather than composition. A network of stiff bars and flexible hinges generically possesses zero-energy deformations — floppy modes — whose number is fixed by counting constraints against degrees of freedom (Maxwell's rule). But counting tells you how many floppy modes exist, not what they look like or where they live, and designing a specific pattern of them has largely been trial and error.
On 23 January 2026, Wenfeng Liu, Tomer Sigalov, Corentin Coulais and Yair Shokef (Tel Aviv University and the University of Amsterdam) reported in Physical Review Letters — a Featured in Physics article — a combinatorial framework that maps the design of floppy modes and frustrated loops onto a problem in matrix algebra. Given a target set of soft deformations, the rules specify how to lay out links so that exactly those modes appear, and they identify loops in the network where competing constraints cannot all be satisfied. The correspondence runs both ways: a suitably built mechanical network solves the algebraic problem physically, blurring the line between designed material and analog computer.
Coverage / 報道: APS (PRL) | PRL Highlights
Related keywords: mechanical metamaterial, 力学メタマテリアル, floppy mode, ふにゃふにゃモード, zero mode, ゼロモード, frustration, フラストレーション, Maxwell counting, マクスウェルの数え上げ, combinatorial design, 組合せ設計, analog computing, アナログ計算, Tel Aviv University, University of Amsterdam
On 22 January 2026, the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Collaboration released the culmination of its program: for the first time it combined all six years of weak-gravitational-lensing and galaxy-clustering data, and — as envisioned at the survey’s inception 25 years ago — it brought together all four of its dark-energy probes in a single experiment: baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO), Type-Ia supernovae, galaxy clusters, and weak lensing.
DES mapped hundreds of millions of galaxies using the Dark Energy Camera on the Víctor M. Blanco 4-metre Telescope at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile. The completed multi-probe analysis — a summary of 18 supporting papers, submitted to Physical Review D — yields constraints on the cosmic expansion history about twice as tight as previous analyses. Tested against the standard ΛCDM model (constant dark-energy density) and an extended wCDM model, the data show a weak preference for dark energy that evolves over time, consistent with recent hints from the DESI survey, while remaining broadly compatible with ΛCDM.
Coverage / 報道: Fermilab | arXiv:2601.14559 | Dark Energy Survey
Related keywords: Dark Energy Survey, DES, ダークエネルギーサーベイ, dark energy, 暗黒エネルギー, weak gravitational lensing, 弱重力レンズ, galaxy clustering, 銀河クラスタリング, BAO, バリオン音響振動, Type Ia supernova, Ia型超新星, galaxy cluster, 銀河団, ΛCDM, wCDM, evolving dark energy, 進化する暗黒エネルギー, Dark Energy Camera, Blanco Telescope, CTIO, DESI, cosmology, 宇宙論
In 1915 Einstein and Wander de Haas showed that changing the magnetization of an object sets it mechanically rotating — a direct manifestation of the conservation of total angular momentum, in which the angular momentum carried by electron spins is transferred to bulk rotation. On 22 January 2026, a team at the Institute of Science Tokyo (Science Tokyo) reported in Science the first realization of the Einstein–de Haas effect in a quantum fluid.
Working with a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) of europium atoms — an integer-spin, strongly dipolar species — the group, led by Professor Mikio Kozuma and Assistant Professor Yuki Miyazawa with Professor Yuki Kawaguchi, observed that a change in the condensate’s magnetization coherently transfers angular momentum from the atomic spins into macroscopic motion of the fluid. This experimentally demonstrates that total angular momentum is conserved at the quantum level in a macroscopic coherent matter wave, and opens a route to exploring ground states with broken chiral symmetry, spin textures, mass circulation, and the Barnett effect in dipolar quantum gases.
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | Institute of Science Tokyo
Related keywords: Einstein–de Haas effect, アインシュタイン・ド・ハース効果, Bose–Einstein condensate, ボーズ・アインシュタイン凝縮, europium, ユウロピウム, dipolar quantum gas, 双極子量子気体, spin, スピン, angular momentum conservation, 角運動量保存, mass circulation, 質量循環, Barnett effect, バーネット効果, quantum fluid, 量子流体, Science Tokyo, Kozuma, Science
Quantum metrology uses entanglement to push measurement precision beyond the "standard quantum limit" set by uncorrelated particles. Single-parameter quantum metrology is well established, but jointly estimating several parameters at once with spatially separated entangled systems had not been demonstrated, and the theoretical framework was unclear. On 22 January 2026, a team led by Philipp Treutlein (University of Basel) and Alice Sinatra (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Paris) reported such a demonstration in Science.
The researchers first entangled the spins within a single Bose–Einstein condensate, then split it into three spatially separated, mutually entangled clouds that served as local sensors — an Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) array of massive, many-particle systems. Using an optimal estimation protocol, they measured the spatial distribution of an electromagnetic field with substantially better precision than possible without spatial entanglement, surpassing the standard quantum limit in key multiparameter tasks. The protocols apply directly to existing precision instruments such as optical lattice clocks, gravimeters, atom interferometers and sensor-array imaging.
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | University of Basel
Related keywords: quantum metrology, 量子計測, entanglement, 量子もつれ, EPR paradox, EPRパラドックス, Bose–Einstein condensate, ボーズ・アインシュタイン凝縮, multiparameter estimation, 多パラメータ推定, standard quantum limit, 標準量子限界, spin squeezing, スピンスクイージング, atomic sensor, 原子センサー, optical lattice clock, 光格子時計, University of Basel, Treutlein, Sinatra, Science
On 22 January 2026, Ke Wang, Dong-Ling Deng and collaborators (Zhejiang University and Tsinghua University) reported in Nature Physics the experimental demonstration of two low-overhead quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes on a new superconducting processor named "Kunlun." qLDPC codes promise far lower qubit overhead than the surface code, but require the long-range qubit-qubit couplings that are hard to realize on planar superconducting chips.
On the 32-qubit chip, a two-dimensional architecture with overlapping long-range couplers enabled high-fidelity CZ gates between distant transmons and the simultaneous measurement of all nonlocal weight-6 stabilizers through the periodic execution of a syndrome-extraction circuit. The codes encode logical qubits with roughly three-to-four times fewer physical qubits than surface codes with the same number of logical qubits and the same code distance. The result is a concrete step toward scalable, resource-efficient fault-tolerant quantum computing on superconducting hardware.
Source / 出典: K. Wang, D.-L. Deng et al., "Demonstration of low-overhead quantum error correction codes," Nature Physics (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-03157-4
Coverage / 報道: Nature Physics | arXiv
Related keywords: qLDPC, quantum LDPC codes, 量子低密度パリティ検査符号, quantum error correction, 量子誤り訂正, surface code, 表面符号, logical qubit, 論理量子ビット, low overhead, 低オーバーヘッド, Kunlun processor, 崑崙, superconducting qubit, 超伝導量子ビット, overlapping long-range coupler, 長距離カプラー, fault-tolerant quantum computing, 誤り耐性量子計算, Zhejiang University, Tsinghua University, Nature Physics
Since the discovery of superconductivity above 80 K in pressurized bilayer nickelates, the family has become the most serious challenger to the cuprates as a high-temperature superconductor — and a crucial test case, since nickel sits next to copper in the periodic table and any shared mechanism would sharpen theories of high-Tc superconductivity. A recurring criticism, however, has been that the observed transitions were filamentary or partial rather than bulk.
In the 22 January 2026 issue of Nature, researchers reported bulk superconductivity at temperatures up to 96 K in pressurized bilayer nickelate single crystals that were synthesized at ambient pressure. Demonstrating that the whole sample — not a filament within it — becomes superconducting above the 77 K boiling point of liquid nitrogen strengthens the nickelates' standing as genuine high-temperature superconductors and makes them a sharper probe of what the cuprates and nickelates have in common.
Coverage / 報道: Nature | Nature 649, Issue 8098
Related keywords: nickelate, ニッケル酸塩, bilayer nickelate, 二層ニッケル酸塩, high-temperature superconductivity, 高温超伝導, bulk superconductivity, バルク超伝導, high pressure, 高圧, 96 K, liquid nitrogen, 液体窒素, cuprate comparison, 銅酸化物との比較, single crystal, 単結晶, Nature
Evidence that heavy-ion collisions create a nearly perfect fluid has rested mainly on anisotropic flow: the azimuthal harmonics v₂, v₃ and so on, which translate the initial geometric shape of the overlap region into momentum-space anisotropy. Radial flow — the isotropic outward push that boosts all particles to higher transverse momentum — is equally central to hydrodynamics, but it has been much harder to establish as a genuinely collective phenomenon, since ordinary jet and resonance-decay backgrounds also raise particle momenta.
On 22 January 2026, the ATLAS and ALICE collaborations published companion Letters in Physical Review Letters on a novel observable, v₀(p_T), which captures event-by-event fluctuations of the radial expansion. Both experiments extract it from long-range correlations in transverse momentum across a wide rapidity gap — a standard trick for suppressing non-flow contributions from jets, which are short-range in rapidity. The two independent measurements in Pb–Pb collisions agree with each other and with hydrodynamic expectations, confirming that radial flow, like the anisotropic harmonics, reflects genuine collective behaviour of the plasma.
Coverage / 報道: APS (PRL) — ATLAS | APS (PRL) — ALICE
Related keywords: quark-gluon plasma, クォーク・グルーオン・プラズマ, radial flow, 動径フロー, v0(pT), collective flow, 集団フロー, hydrodynamics, 流体力学, long-range correlation, 長距離相関, rapidity gap, ラピディティ間隔, Pb-Pb collisions, 鉛鉛衝突, ATLAS, ALICE, LHC, CERN
Positronium is an atom made of an electron and its antiparticle, with no nucleus at all. That absence is exactly what makes it valuable: its energy levels are calculable from quantum electrodynamics and bound-state theory alone, with none of the proton-structure uncertainties that complicate hydrogen spectroscopy. Measured discrepancies in positronium therefore point either to higher-order QED terms or to genuinely new physics — but the atom's 142-nanosecond lifetime makes precision spectroscopy demanding.
On 22 January 2026, David Newson and David Cassidy (University College London) reported in Physical Review Letters a measurement of the 2³S₁→2³P₂ interval using Ramsey's method of separated oscillatory fields with a phase-variation scheme. Ramsey interferometry narrows the effective linewidth beyond what a single interaction region allows, and varying the relative phase rather than the detuning suppresses several systematic shifts. The improved value tightens the comparison between positronium spectroscopy and QED predictions, in a system where the theory has no free structural parameters to hide behind.
Coverage / 報道: APS (PRL)
Related keywords: positronium, ポジトロニウム, Ramsey spectroscopy, ラムゼー分光, separated oscillatory fields, 分離振動場, QED test, QED検証, purely leptonic atom, 純レプトン原子, antimatter, 反物質, precision spectroscopy, 精密分光, UCL, University College London
An optical centrifuge is a laser pulse whose polarization plane rotates ever faster, gripping a molecule's induced dipole and dragging it up to enormous rotational quantum numbers. The resulting "superrotors" have been used in gases to study rotational–translational energy transfer, magnetic effects and unusual collisional behaviour. Superfluid helium nanodroplets, meanwhile, are the standard cryogenic matrix for molecular spectroscopy: a molecule inside a droplet sits at 0.4 K and, remarkably, still rotates almost freely.
On 22 January 2026, Ian MacPhail-Bartley, Alexander Milner, Frank Stienkemeier and Valery Milner (University of British Columbia and the University of Freiburg) reported in Physical Review Letters — a Featured in Physics article — the first demonstration of optical-centrifuge control of molecular rotation inside helium nanodroplets. Combining the two techniques gives a way to drive an impurity from gentle rotation to extreme angular momentum while embedded in a superfluid, and thus to ask directly at what rotational speed the superfluid stops following the molecule and begins to resist — a microscopic probe of the breakdown of superfluidity around a rotating object.
Coverage / 報道: APS (PRL) | PRL Highlights
Related keywords: optical centrifuge, 光遠心分離機, superrotor, スーパーローター, molecular rotation, 分子回転, helium nanodroplet, ヘリウムナノ液滴, superfluid helium, 超流動ヘリウム, rotational spectroscopy, 回転分光, angular momentum, 角運動量, University of British Columbia, Freiburg
How supermassive black holes grew so large so early is one of the sharpest open problems in astrophysics. One popular answer is "super-Eddington" accretion: swallowing gas faster than the classical Eddington limit allows. But most models predict that during such phases the inner accretion flow is reorganized in ways that dim the X-ray corona, and that powerful jets should be less prominent.
An international team led by Waseda University and Tohoku University, using the Subaru Telescope, has found a quasar at redshift z = 3.4 that breaks this expectation. The object is accreting at an extreme rate while simultaneously shining brightly in X-rays and driving strong radio emission from a jet — a combination many models do not expect to coexist. The authors suggest it may have been caught in a short-lived transitional stage: a sudden surge of inflowing gas pushes the system into a super-Eddington state while a bright corona and a strong jet remain energized for a limited time. Because such jets can inject energy into the host galaxy and regulate star formation, the object offers a new benchmark for testing jet-driven feedback during rapid black-hole growth in the early Universe. The results appeared in The Astrophysical Journal on 21 January 2026.
Coverage / 報道: Subaru Telescope | Phys.org
Related keywords: quasar, クエーサー, supermassive black hole, 超大質量ブラックホール, super-Eddington, 超エディントン, Eddington limit, エディントン限界, radio-loud, 電波ラウド, X-ray corona, X線コロナ, relativistic jet, 相対論的ジェット, AGN feedback, AGNフィードバック, early universe, 初期宇宙, redshift 3.4, Subaru Telescope, すばる望遠鏡, Waseda University, 早稲田大学, Tohoku University, 東北大学, The Astrophysical Journal
On 21 January 2026, a team led by Markus Arndt at the University of Vienna, together with colleagues at the University of Duisburg-Essen, reported in Nature the matter-wave interference of sodium nanoparticles containing more than 7,000 atoms, with masses exceeding 170,000 Da. This is the most massive class of objects ever shown to display quantum wave behaviour: the mass exceeds the previous molecular record (functionalized oligoporphyrins, ~25,000 Da) several-fold, while the experiment's "macroscopicity" reaches μ = 15.5 — about an order of magnitude beyond all previous experiments.
Each particle is roughly 8 nm across — comparable to a large protein — yet it was prepared in a delocalized superposition spanning far more than its own size. The experiment used a Talbot–Lau interferometer (named MUSCLE) with all-optical photodepletion gratings in the deep ultraviolet. Metal clusters are a qualitatively new material class for such tests, and the result places fresh empirical bounds on hypothetical modifications to quantum mechanics — such as spontaneous-collapse models — at the boundary between the quantum and classical worlds.
Coverage / 報道: Nature News | phys.org
Related keywords: matter-wave interference, 物質波干渉, quantum superposition, 量子重ね合わせ, sodium cluster, ナトリウムクラスター, nanoparticle, ナノ粒子, Talbot-Lau interferometer, タルボ・ラウ干渉計, macroscopicity, マクロ性, de Broglie wavelength, ド・ブロイ波長, collapse model, 収縮モデル, University of Vienna, Markus Arndt, decoherence, デコヒーレンス
The rapid rise of altermagnetism has been accompanied by disputes over which materials are genuine altermagnets and what evidence should count. Because an altermagnet has zero net magnetization like an antiferromagnet but a spin-split band structure like a ferromagnet, distinguishing it experimentally requires care: several conventional magnetic phases can mimic parts of the signature.
On 21 January 2026, Tomas Jungwirth, Jairo Sinova and Libor Šmejkal — among the researchers who introduced the concept — published a review in Nature setting out the criteria. They compare the symmetry, microscopy and spectroscopy signatures of altermagnetism against those of traditional ferromagnetism and Néel antiferromagnetism, and against magnetic phases with symmetry-protected compensated non-collinear spin orders, giving the community a common yardstick for claims of altermagnetic behaviour.
Coverage / 報道: Nature | Nature Physics Editorial
Related keywords: altermagnetism, 交替磁性, altermagnet, アルターマグネット, spin splitting, スピン分裂, Néel antiferromagnetism, ネール反強磁性, non-collinear spin order, 非共線スピン秩序, symmetry analysis, 対称性解析, spectroscopy, 分光, Šmejkal, Jungwirth, Sinova, Nature
Stars, planets and galaxies all carry magnetic fields ordered on scales far larger than the turbulent eddies that stir their conducting fluids. Explaining how turbulence generates such large-scale order — the large-scale dynamo problem — has been a central and stubborn question in plasma astrophysics, and simulations have often failed to produce robust large-scale fields from first principles.
In Nature on 21 January 2026, researchers reported advanced three-dimensional turbulence simulations in which large-scale magnetic fields are generated ab initio, and identified the mechanism: jets induced by the shear flow organize the turbulence and drive the dynamo. The authors derived an analytical model that reproduces the essential features of both the flow and the field generation, providing a physically transparent account of large-scale magnetic-field growth in sheared, turbulent astrophysical plasmas.
Coverage / 報道: Nature | Nature 649, Issue 8098
Related keywords: dynamo, ダイナモ, large-scale magnetic field, 大規模磁場, magnetohydrodynamics, 電磁流体力学, MHD turbulence, MHD乱流, shear flow, シア流, zonal jet, ジェット, plasma astrophysics, プラズマ宇宙物理, simulation, シミュレーション, Nature
Silicate dust in interstellar clouds is amorphous, yet comets and meteorites in our own Solar System contain crystalline silicates such as forsterite and enstatite. Something must heat the grains to hundreds of kelvin inside planet-forming disks. Episodic accretion bursts — when a young star abruptly swallows a surge of disk material and brightens dramatically — have long been the leading suspect, but catching crystallization in the act has proved elusive.
In Nature on 21 January 2026, a team led by Jeong-Eun Lee reported the detection of forsterite and enstatite emission features in the young stellar object EC 53 during its accretion bursts. Because the crystalline signatures appear in step with the bursts, the observation is among the first direct pieces of evidence for in situ silicate crystallization driven by episodic accretion — connecting the outbursts seen in young stars today with the crystalline grains preserved in Solar System comets.
Coverage / 報道: Nature | Nature 649, Issue 8098
Related keywords: accretion burst, 降着バースト, EC 53, protoplanetary disk, 原始惑星系円盤, forsterite, フォルステライト, enstatite, エンスタタイト, silicate crystallization, 珪酸塩の結晶化, episodic accretion, 間欠降着, young stellar object, 若い星, comet, 彗星, Nature
Barocaloric cooling uses pressure, rather than the compression and expansion of a gas, to drive a material through a transition that absorbs or releases heat. The approach avoids greenhouse-gas refrigerants, but practical systems have suffered from modest entropy changes and from the need for a separate liquid to carry heat between the working material and the load.
In Nature on 21 January 2026, researchers reported an extreme barocaloric effect in aqueous ammonium thiocyanate (NH₄SCN) solutions, driven by pressure-induced dissolution and precipitation of the salt. Because the working material is itself a liquid solution, it can circulate and transport heat directly, dispensing with a separate heat-transfer fluid and simplifying the machine. The result strengthens the case for solid-state and liquid-state caloric cooling as an alternative to vapour compression.
Coverage / 報道: Nature | Nature 649, Issue 8099
Related keywords: barocaloric effect, 圧力熱量効果, NH4SCN, ammonium thiocyanate, チオシアン酸アンモニウム, dissolution, 溶解, precipitation, 析出, caloric cooling, カロリック冷却, entropy change, エントロピー変化, refrigerant-free, 冷媒フリー, Nature
Quantum sensing with spins — most famously with nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond — offers exquisite sensitivity to magnetic fields, but getting a diamond nanocrystal to a specific location inside a living cell is awkward. A genetically encoded sensor would instead be produced by the cell itself, at a location determined by the biology.
In Nature on 21 January 2026, researchers reported engineering a recently developed class of magneto-sensitive fluorescent proteins so as to tailor how they respond to magnetic fields and radio-frequency driving, demonstrating quantum spin resonance in the proteins. Because optical readout and spin resonance can be combined, the proteins support multimodal sensing of biological systems, and, being genetically encoded, they can be expressed in chosen cells and compartments — a step towards quantum sensing that is native to the sample rather than inserted into it.
Coverage / 報道: Nature | Nature 649, Issue 8099
Related keywords: quantum sensing, 量子センシング, spin resonance, スピン共鳴, fluorescent protein, 蛍光タンパク質, genetically encoded sensor, 遺伝子コード型センサー, NV center, NV中心, magnetic field sensing, 磁場計測, optically detected magnetic resonance, ODMR, quantum biology, 量子生物学, Nature
Every chemistry textbook states that a catalyst speeds up a reaction in both directions and therefore cannot shift its equilibrium. Over the past decade, however, experiments have repeatedly reported that enzymes diffuse faster when their substrate is present — "enhanced diffusion" — a phenomenon whose mechanism and even reality have been debated at length.
On 21 January 2026, Shunsuke Ichii, Tetsuhiro S. Hatakeyama and Kunihiko Kaneko reported in Physical Review Letters that taking enhanced diffusion seriously has a striking consequence. If an enzyme's mobility depends on local substrate concentration, then in a spatially inhomogeneous system the enzyme redistributes itself in a way that is correlated with the chemical state, and the steady state settles away from chemical equilibrium — the enzyme acts, in effect, as a Maxwell demon. The authors emphasize that no thermodynamic law is violated: the deviation is sustained by the free energy that drives the enhanced diffusion in the first place. The analysis makes enhanced diffusion falsifiable in a new way, since it predicts a measurable equilibrium offset rather than merely a faster mean-square displacement.
Coverage / 報道: APS (PRL)
Related keywords: Maxwell's demon, マクスウェルの悪魔, enhanced enzyme diffusion, 酵素の拡散増強, nonequilibrium steady state, 非平衡定常状態, chemical equilibrium, 化学平衡, stochastic thermodynamics, 確率熱力学, biophysics, 生物物理, Kaneko Kunihiko, 金子邦彦, Hatakeyama, 畠山哲央
How does a single foreign particle — an impurity — behave when immersed in a “Fermi sea” of many identical fermions such as electrons or atoms? Two very different pictures have long coexisted: the established quasiparticle (Fermi-polaron) view, in which a mobile impurity dresses itself with excitations and moves through the sea, and a contrasting view in which the impurity acts as a heavy, essentially static scatterer (Anderson’s orthogonality catastrophe). Theorists at the Institute for Theoretical Physics of Heidelberg University have presented a framework that unifies the two, in a paper published in Physical Review Letters on 6 November 2025 and highlighted by the university on 20 January 2026.
By reordering the operators of the underlying many-body Hamiltonian, the authors derive a modified fermion dispersion with a recoil-induced energy gap — the “mass gap” — and identify it as the microscopic origin of the Fermi polaron’s quasiparticle weight, whose power-law scaling with the impurity-to-fermion mass ratio connects the mobile-quasiparticle regime continuously to the static limit. The result has far-reaching implications for current quantum-matter experiments with ultracold atomic gases and related strongly correlated systems, where impurity physics is a key probe of many-body correlations.
Coverage / 報道: Heidelberg University | Phys.org | arXiv
Related keywords: Fermi polaron, フェルミポラロン, impurity, 不純物, Fermi sea, フェルミ海, quasiparticle, 準粒子, mass gap, 質量ギャップ, quantum many-body, 量子多体問題, ultracold atoms, 超冷却原子, strongly correlated systems, 強相関系, Heidelberg University, Physical Review Letters
On 20 January 2026, a team from IBM Quantum and Algorithmiq (Laurin E. Fischer, Matea Leahy, Sergey N. Filippov and colleagues) reported in Nature Physics that a 91-qubit superconducting quantum processor can accurately simulate the dynamics of maximally chaotic "dual-unitary" circuits. Dual-unitary circuits are non-integrable, yet permit exact analytical results for certain correlation functions, making them an ideal benchmark for verification at scale.
By combining improved noise-learning with tensor-network error mitigation, the measured correlators matched the exact analytical predictions. The team then perturbed the circuits away from the dual-unitary point and compared against classical tensor-network simulations, probing dynamics beyond exact verification. The work shows that error-mitigated, pre-fault-tolerant processors can serve as trustworthy tools for exploring quantum many-body physics.
Source / 出典: L. E. Fischer et al., "Dynamical simulations of many-body quantum chaos on a quantum computer," Nature Physics 22, 302–307 (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-03144-9
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | Nature Physics
Related keywords: many-body quantum chaos, 多体量子カオス, dual-unitary circuit, デュアルユニタリ回路, error mitigation, 誤り抑制, tensor-network error mitigation, noise learning, ノイズ学習, 91-qubit, superconducting processor, 超伝導プロセッサ, correlation function, 相関関数, quantum simulation, 量子シミュレーション, IBM Quantum, Algorithmiq, Nature Physics
Optical atomic clocks are now so good that their performance is often limited not by the atoms but by the laser used to interrogate them. That laser's stability is set by an ultrastable reference cavity, and the cavity's floor is thermal noise: Brownian motion of the atoms in the amorphous dielectric coatings on the mirrors, which makes the mirror surfaces jitter by fractions of a femtometre.
On 20 January 2026, a collaboration between JILA/NIST (Jun Ye's group) and PTB in Germany reported in Physical Review Letters — highlighted as a Featured in Physics article — a cryogenic silicon cavity fitted with crystalline AlGaAs mirror coatings, achieving a fractional frequency instability of 2.5×10⁻¹⁷. Single-crystal semiconductor coatings have far lower mechanical loss than sputtered amorphous films, and therefore far less thermal noise, but growing and transferring them without introducing new noise sources has been the obstacle. Reaching this level matters directly for optical clock comparisons at the 10⁻¹⁸ level and for the redefinition of the SI second, as well as for tests of fundamental physics that rely on clock stability.
Coverage / 報道: APS (PRL) | PRL Highlights
Related keywords: ultrastable laser, 超安定レーザー, silicon cavity, シリコン共振器, AlGaAs crystalline coating, AlGaAs結晶コーティング, thermal noise, 熱雑音, Brownian noise, ブラウン雑音, optical atomic clock, 光原子時計, SI second redefinition, SI秒の再定義, JILA, NIST, PTB, Jun Ye
Generative diffusion models — the technology behind modern image synthesis — work by learning to reverse a noising process: start from pure noise and gradually denoise toward a sample from the target distribution. Described that way, the algorithm is conspicuously physical. Noise, relaxation and the approach to a stationary distribution are the everyday vocabulary of stochastic thermodynamics, which raises an obvious question: must this be simulated digitally at all?
On 20 January 2026, Stephen Whitelam (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) reported in Physical Review Letters a framework for generative thermodynamic computing, in which a physical stochastic system performs the denoising natively rather than having it emulated in software. The paper estimates an energy efficiency roughly eleven orders of magnitude better than the digital counterpart, since the dynamics that constitute the computation are the system's own relaxation rather than billions of arithmetic operations. The issue cover shows the idea in action: a portrait of Paul Langevin — whose equation underlies the whole scheme — emerging from noise in a simulated thermodynamic computer.
Source / 出典: S. Whitelam, "Generative Thermodynamic Computing," Physical Review Letters 136, 037101 (2026). DOI: 10.1103/kwyy-1xln
Coverage / 報道: APS (PRL)
Related keywords: thermodynamic computing, 熱力学計算, generative model, 生成モデル, diffusion model, 拡散モデル, Langevin equation, ランジュヴァン方程式, analog computing, アナログ計算, energy efficiency, エネルギー効率, stochastic thermodynamics, 確率熱力学, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, ローレンス・バークレー国立研究所
Coverage / 報道: APS (PRL) | PRL Highlights
Related keywords: hidden multistability, 隠れた多重安定性, nonlinear dynamics, 非線形ダイナミクス, basin of attraction, 引き込み領域, attractor, アトラクター, electroacoustic cavity, 電気音響共振器, nonadiabatic control, 非断熱制御, Wuhan University, 武漢大学
In the holographic correspondence, the geometry of a spacetime is encoded in the entanglement structure of a boundary quantum state — the slogan is that entanglement builds geometry. For three or more parties, entanglement comes in inequivalent kinds: GHZ-type, in which the correlation is irreducibly shared among all parties at once, and bipartite (EPR-type) pairing, which can be decomposed into pairs. Which of these dominates in holography has been an active question, because the answer constrains how a smooth classical geometry can emerge at all.
On 20 January 2026, Vijay Balasubramanian, Monica Jinwoo Kang, Charlie Cummings, Chitraang Murdia and Simon Ross reported in Physical Review Letters that time-symmetric holographic states can never have purely GHZ-like entanglement. The proof rules out one whole class of possible microscopic structures and supports the picture in which bipartite entanglement carries most of the geometric information — consistent with the Ryu–Takayanagi formula's essentially pairwise character. It is a rare case where an abstract question about multipartite entanglement yields a sharp no-go theorem about the emergence of spacetime.
Coverage / 報道: APS (PRL)
Related keywords: holography, ホログラフィー, AdS/CFT, GHZ entanglement, GHZ型もつれ, multipartite entanglement, 多者間もつれ, Ryu-Takayanagi, 笠-高柳公式, emergent spacetime, 創発する時空, quantum gravity, 量子重力, no-go theorem, 不可能性定理
Cold dark matter reproduces the large-scale universe beautifully but has long-standing difficulties on the scale of individual galaxies. One popular alternative is self-interacting dark matter (SIDM), whose particles can scatter off one another while remaining effectively blind to ordinary baryonic matter. SIDM halos are predicted to undergo "gravothermal core collapse": heat flows outward, the centre contracts and heats up, and the collapse accelerates — possibly ending in a black hole.
Modelling that endgame is hard, because the usual fluid (gravothermal) approximation stops being valid exactly when the collapse becomes interesting. In work published in Physical Review Letters and highlighted by the Perimeter Institute on 19 January 2026, James Gurian and Simon May introduced a computational method that follows the late evolution of SIDM halos beyond the fluid approximation, making it practical to explore particle-interaction models that were previously difficult to simulate accurately. As Gurian frames it, the goal is to reach the phase after a black hole has formed — which would connect the microphysics of dark matter to potentially observable astrophysical signatures.
Coverage / 報道: ScienceDaily (Perimeter Institute) | Perimeter Institute
Related keywords: self-interacting dark matter, 自己相互作用暗黒物質, SIDM, core collapse, コア崩壊, gravothermal, 重力熱的, dark matter halo, 暗黒物質ハロー, N-body simulation, N体シミュレーション, black hole formation, ブラックホール形成, small-scale problem, 小スケール問題, cold dark matter, 冷たい暗黒物質, Perimeter Institute, Physical Review Letters
A conventional spectrometer splits light with a grating or prism and needs a long optical path, which is why laboratory instruments are bulky. On 19 January 2026, a University of California, Davis team led by M. Saif Islam reported in Advanced Photonics a spectrometer-on-a-chip that dispenses with the optics entirely.
The device uses photon-trapping nanostructures etched into a silicon platform. Rather than physically separating wavelengths, each detector element responds to incoming light with its own distinctive, wavelength-dependent signature; a neural network then reconstructs the full spectrum from the combined responses. The photon-trapping design also extends sensitivity into the near-infrared, a region where thin silicon is normally close to transparent. The result is real-time hyperspectral sensing across the visible and near-infrared range from a chip-scale device fabricated on a standard silicon platform — a compact alternative to bench instruments for applications such as biomedical imaging, agriculture and environmental monitoring.
Coverage / 報道: EurekAlert! (SPIE) | arXiv:2508.13521
Related keywords: spectrometer-on-a-chip, オンチップ分光器, photon trapping, フォトントラッピング, hyperspectral, ハイパースペクトル, near-infrared, 近赤外, silicon photonics, シリコンフォトニクス, machine learning, 機械学習, neural network, ニューラルネットワーク, computational spectroscopy, 計算分光, UC Davis, Advanced Photonics, SPIE
On 19 January 2026, an international team co-led by the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) and Stanford University (Vivek Pareek, David R. Bacon and colleagues, with corresponding authors Felipe H. da Jornada and Keshav M. Dani) reported in Nature Physics a new route to Floquet engineering — reshaping a material's electronic structure with a time-periodic field. Conventional Floquet engineering needs intense laser light, which causes heating and multi-photon absorption.
Using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (TR-ARPES) on a monolayer semiconductor, they showed that the time-periodic oscillation of the self-energy of an electron bound to a hole — the "excitonic field" — produces Floquet effects about two orders of magnitude stronger and longer-lived than optically driven counterparts. The measurements directly capture the hybridization between the exciton-dressed conduction band and the valence band, opening applied Floquet physics for engineering quantum materials.
Source / 出典: V. Pareek et al., "Driving Floquet physics with excitonic fields," Nature Physics 22, 209–217 (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-03132-z
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | Nature Physics
Related keywords: Floquet engineering, フロケ工学, excitonic field, 励起子場, exciton, エキシトン, self-energy, 自己エネルギー, monolayer semiconductor, 単層半導体, TR-ARPES, 時間角度分解光電子分光, band hybridization, バンド混成, quantum materials, 量子材料, OIST, 沖縄科学技術大学院大学, Stanford University, Keshav Dani, Nature Physics
In January 2026 the Baryon Antibaryon Symmetry Experiment (BASE) at CERN — an international collaboration including Imperial College London — was recognized among Physics World's Top 10 Breakthroughs of 2025. BASE was honored for being the first to achieve coherent quantum control of the spin of a single trapped antiproton, a major advance in antimatter physics. An antiproton has the same mass as a proton but opposite charge, and behaves like a tiny magnet that can point in one of two spin directions.
Coherently driving and reading out that single spin lets physicists measure the antiproton's magnetic moment with unprecedented precision. Comparing it to the proton's provides one of the most stringent tests of CPT symmetry — the deep requirement that matter and antimatter obey mirror-image laws. Any tiny discrepancy could help explain why the universe is made of matter rather than antimatter. The findings were first published in Nature in 2025 and selected by Physics World in December; the wider recognition continued into the new year.
Source / 出典: BASE Collaboration (CERN), Nature (2025) — Physics World "Top 10 Breakthroughs of 2025"
Coverage / 報道: Imperial College London | CERN BASE
Related keywords: antiproton, 反陽子, BASE experiment, antimatter, 反物質, CPT symmetry, CPT対称性, magnetic moment, 磁気モーメント, spin control, スピン制御, Penning trap, ペニングトラップ, CERN, Physics World breakthrough, matter-antimatter asymmetry, 物質反物質非対称, precision measurement, 精密測定
Deciding what machine follows the High-Luminosity LHC is arguably the single largest question facing experimental particle physics, because the answer commits the field to a particular energy frontier for decades and to construction costs measured in the billions. On 16 January 2026, CERN announced the January/February issue of the CERN Courier, which lays out projections serving as an important input to the 2026 update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics.
The central decision concerns seven large-scale collider projects proposed by the community as possible successors to the High-Luminosity LHC. The same issue surveys two flagship themes of symmetry breaking: Peccei–Quinn symmetry breaking, which would explain why the strong interaction shows no CP violation while also supplying a dark-matter candidate in the QCD axion — with two cavity-haloscope experiments preparing to push axion searches over the coming decade — and electroweak symmetry breaking, the mechanism thought to give elementary particles their mass. Together these frame what a next-generation collider would be built to test.
Source / 出典: CERN, "The January/February 2026 issue of the CERN Courier is out," CERN Announcement, 16 January 2026.
Coverage / 報道: CERN | CERN Courier
Related keywords: European Strategy for Particle Physics, 欧州素粒子物理戦略, HL-LHC, 高輝度LHC, future collider, 次世代コライダー, FCC, CLIC, muon collider, ミューオンコライダー, Peccei-Quinn symmetry, ペッチェイ・クイン対称性, QCD axion, QCDアクシオン, cavity haloscope, 空洞ハロスコープ, dark matter, 暗黒物質, electroweak symmetry breaking, 電弱対称性の破れ, CERN, CERN Courier
If a neutrino is a Majorana particle — identical to its own antiparticle — then a nucleus can in principle undergo double-beta decay emitting two electrons and no neutrinos at all. Such a decay would violate lepton number conservation, explain why neutrino masses are so small via the seesaw mechanism, and bear on why the universe contains matter rather than equal parts matter and antimatter. Nothing else in laboratory physics tests these questions as directly, and no experiment has yet seen the decay.
On 16 January 2026, the LEGEND Collaboration published in Physical Review Letters the first results from LEGEND-200, an array of high-purity germanium detectors enriched in ⁷⁶Ge operating deep underground at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory in Italy. The germanium crystals are simultaneously the source and the detector, which gives outstanding energy resolution at the decay endpoint — the key to separating a hypothetical signal from the two-neutrino decay and from radioactive backgrounds. No signal was observed in this first exposure, and the collaboration reports a corresponding limit on the ⁷⁶Ge half-life; the more consequential point is that the detector's background performance sets the trajectory toward LEGEND-1000, designed to probe the inverted-ordering neutrino mass region.
Coverage / 報道: APS (PRL)
Related keywords: neutrinoless double beta decay, ニュートリノレス二重ベータ崩壊, 0νββ, LEGEND-200, germanium-76, ゲルマニウム76, Majorana neutrino, マヨラナニュートリノ, lepton number violation, レプトン数の破れ, Gran Sasso, グランサッソ, seesaw mechanism, シーソー機構, LEGEND-1000
Rhombohedral multilayer graphene has become a laboratory for interaction-driven phases because its flat bands make Coulomb energy dominate kinetic energy. Electrons there carry two binary labels, spin and valley, giving four "isospin" flavours. When interactions spontaneously polarize both labels, only one flavour remains occupied — a quarter metal. Superconductivity has been observed to emerge in the vicinity of such states, which is puzzling: conventional BCS pairing requires two electrons of opposite spin, and a fully polarized state has none available.
On 16 January 2026, Chiho Yoon, Tianyi Xu, Yafis Barlas and Fan Zhang reported in Physical Review Letters a theoretical account of quarter-metal superconductivity in rhombohedral graphene. Because the parent state has broken both spin-rotation and valley symmetry, the pairing must be of unconventional symmetry, and the analysis identifies which channels the flat-band structure and interactions actually favour, along with the experimental signatures — such as the response to in-plane fields and to displacement-field tuning — that could distinguish them. The work sits at the centre of one of the most active questions in two-dimensional materials: whether graphene's superconductivity is a distant cousin of the cuprates or something structurally new.
Coverage / 報道: APS (PRL)
Related keywords: quarter metal, クォーターメタル, rhombohedral graphene, 菱面体グラフェン, isospin polarization, アイソスピン分極, unconventional superconductivity, 非従来型超伝導, flat band, 平坦バンド, valley, 谷, spin polarization, スピン分極, displacement field, 変位電場, 2D materials, 二次元物質
Whether a material is an insulator, a metal or a superconductor is ultimately a statement about transport. The key quantity is the Drude weight, which measures how much of a current propagates ballistically rather than dissipating away. In the 15 January 2026 issue of Science, a TU Wien team from the Atominstitut (first author Philipp Schüttelkopf, with Frederik Møller and Jörg Schmiedmayer) reported a direct measurement of Drude weights in an ultracold quantum gas (the paper first appeared online in November 2025).
The experiment confined thousands of interacting bosonic rubidium atoms to a single line on an atom chip, forming a one-dimensional "quantum wire." Currents were induced in two independent ways — by applying a constant force to the gas, and by joining two subsystems prepared at different equilibria — and both the atomic and the energy currents were tracked. Diffusion turned out to be almost completely suppressed: mass and energy propagate ballistically even with interactions and at finite temperature, so the gas behaves like a perfect conductor despite countless collisions. The team likens it to a Newton's cradle, where momentum passes straight through the chain. The behaviour follows from integrability, which gives the system long-lived quasiparticle excitations, and the measurements match predictions from generalized hydrodynamics; the method itself provides a transparent way to characterize transport in strongly correlated matter where theory is still incomplete.
Coverage / 報道: TU Wien | arXiv:2406.17569
Related keywords: Drude weight, ドルーデ重み, ballistic transport, 弾道的輸送, dissipationless, 無散逸, one-dimensional quantum gas, 1次元量子気体, quantum wire, 量子ワイヤー, integrability, 可積分性, generalized hydrodynamics, 一般化流体力学, atom chip, 原子チップ, rubidium, ルビジウム, Lieb-Liniger, TU Wien, Schmiedmayer, Science
Supermassive black holes are not permanently switched on. They cycle through active and quiescent phases, and how long each phase lasts is a key unknown in models of galaxy evolution — jets from an active phase can heat gas and throttle star formation across an entire galaxy.
An international team led by Shobha Kumari (Midnapore City College, India), using the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) in the Netherlands and India's upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT), reported in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society that the supermassive black hole in the galaxy J1007+3540 has restarted after nearly 100 million years of dormancy, driving an eruption stretching about one million light-years. The radio images resolve a bright inner jet nested inside a fainter outer "cocoon" of cooler, faded plasma — the fossil remains of earlier outbursts. That layered structure is direct evidence of repeated on–off cycles, and it lets astronomers read the duty cycle of jet activity and the interplay between the jet and the surrounding cluster environment.
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | Royal Astronomical Society
Related keywords: restarted radio galaxy, 再始動電波銀河, supermassive black hole, 超大質量ブラックホール, J1007+3540, relativistic jet, 相対論的ジェット, radio lobe, 電波ローブ, plasma cocoon, プラズマ繭, duty cycle, デューティサイクル, AGN feedback, AGNフィードバック, LOFAR, uGMRT, galaxy cluster, 銀河団
Water is anomalous in dozens of ways, and many of the anomalies sharpen on cooling below the freezing point. One long-standing proposal is that supercooled water undergoes a "fragile-to-strong" dynamic crossover: the way its viscosity and molecular relaxation time grow with cooling changes character at a particular temperature — often linked theoretically to a hypothesized liquid–liquid transition between two forms of water. Testing this has been notoriously hard because bulk supercooled water crystallizes rapidly in the so-called no-man's land below about 235 K.
In the January 2026 issue of Nature Physics, a team reported experimental evidence for such a dynamic transition in bulk supercooled water at around 233 K. Working with bulk samples rather than water confined in nanopores or emulsions — geometries whose results are always open to the objection that confinement changes the physics — the measurements support the picture that liquid water's dynamics fundamentally change character in this deeply supercooled regime, sharpening the debate over water's two-liquid scenario.
Coverage / 報道: Nature Physics | Nat. Phys. 22, Issue 1
Related keywords: supercooled water, 過冷却水, fragile-to-strong transition, フラジャイル–ストロング転移, liquid–liquid transition, 液体–液体転移, no-man's land, 無人地帯, water anomaly, 水の異常性, dynamic crossover, 動的クロスオーバー, viscosity, 粘性, 233 K, Nature Physics
A superconducting diode passes a dissipationless supercurrent in one direction while blocking it in the other — the superconducting analogue of the semiconductor rectifier, and a basic building block for dissipationless electronics and for control circuitry in cryogenic quantum hardware. Most demonstrations, however, require milli-kelvin temperatures, an applied magnetic field, and deliver efficiencies well below the ideal.
In the January 2026 issue of Nature Physics, researchers reported a magnetic-field-free superconducting diode built from high-temperature cuprate Josephson junctions that operates at 77 K — the temperature of liquid nitrogen — with 100% rectification efficiency. An electrical method reliably introduces the required nonreciprocity, and under microwave irradiation the device forms a "quantum superconducting diode" whose output voltage is quantized by Shapiro steps, which makes it robust against noise. Operating with liquid-nitrogen rather than liquid-helium cooling would greatly simplify any practical superconducting electronics.
Coverage / 報道: Nature Physics | Research Briefing
Related keywords: superconducting diode, 超伝導ダイオード, nonreciprocity, 非相反性, Josephson junction, ジョセフソン接合, cuprate, 銅酸化物, liquid nitrogen, 液体窒素, 77 K, Shapiro steps, シャピロステップ, dissipationless electronics, 無散逸エレクトロニクス, Nature Physics
In many correlated materials the electron fluid spontaneously modulates its density in a periodic pattern — a charge density wave (CDW) — locked to the crystal lattice. Theory has long predicted an intermediate state in which the modulation still exists locally but loses long-range positional order, behaving like a liquid of density waves rather than a crystal of them. Such a "CDW liquid" had never been observed directly.
In the January 2026 issue of Nature Physics, researchers reported that photoexciting a transition-metal dichalcogenide drives it into precisely this liquid-like electronic state; the accompanying Research Briefing describes the observation of a spatially textured electron fluid using ultrafast electron diffraction. Melting the order in a controlled way lets experimentalists watch how the intermediate state emerges and decays, providing a testing ground for theories of how charge order competes with superconductivity in strongly correlated materials.
Coverage / 報道: Nature Physics | Research Briefing
Related keywords: charge density wave, 電荷密度波, CDW liquid, CDW液体, transition metal dichalcogenide, 遷移金属ダイカルコゲナイド, ultrafast electron diffraction, 超高速電子回折, photoexcitation, 光励起, electron–phonon coupling, 電子格子相互作用, correlated electrons, 強相関電子, Nature Physics
Optical computing promises to run the enormous matrix multiplications at the heart of neural networks at the speed of light and with low energy cost. But most photonic processors are built from meshes of discrete components — modulators, splitters, interferometers — and the bulk and wiring complexity of those meshes grows quickly with the size of the computation.
The cover article of the January 2026 issue of Nature Physics takes a different route. Carefully patterned green light is projected onto a lithium niobate photonic chip carrying a photoconductive layer, which allows near-arbitrary control over how light propagates through a two-dimensional slab waveguide. Rather than routing signals through separate elements, the computation is embedded in the multimode wave propagation itself, and the pattern of projected light reprograms it. The team demonstrated neural-network inference on this reprogrammable waveguide, pointing to photonic processors that scale by shaping a continuous medium instead of adding components.
Coverage / 報道: Nature Physics | Nat. Phys. 22, Issue 1 (cover)
Related keywords: photonic processor, フォトニックプロセッサ, optical computing, 光コンピューティング, multimode waveguide, 多モード導波路, lithium niobate, ニオブ酸リチウム, photoconductive layer, 光導電層, neural network inference, ニューラルネット推論, reprogrammable optics, 再プログラム可能光学, Peter McMahon, Cornell, Nature Physics
Magnetic materials have traditionally been sorted into ferromagnets, whose moments align and produce a net magnetization, and antiferromagnets, whose moments cancel. Altermagnets are a recently proposed third class: the moments compensate exactly, so there is no net magnetization, yet the crystal symmetry gives rise to a spin-split electronic band structure of the sort normally associated with ferromagnets. That combination is attractive for spintronics — the fast, stray-field-free dynamics of an antiferromagnet with the readable spin polarization of a ferromagnet.
The editorial opening the January 2026 issue of Nature Physics assesses where the field stands: the scientific appeal of the concept, the ongoing controversies over which materials genuinely qualify and how the classification should be defined, and the practical challenges standing between altermagnets and devices. The discussion was reinforced later in the month by a Nature review setting out the symmetry, microscopy and spectroscopy signatures that distinguish altermagnetism from conventional magnetic orders.
Coverage / 報道: Nature Physics | Nature Review (21 Jan 2026)
Related keywords: altermagnet, アルターマグネット, altermagnetism, 交替磁性, ferromagnet, 強磁性, antiferromagnet, 反強磁性, spin splitting, スピン分裂, crystal symmetry, 結晶対称性, spintronics, スピントロニクス, magnetic classification, 磁性の分類, Nature Physics
Quasicrystals have long-range order but no periodic repetition, so the momentum-space description that underpins ordinary band theory does not carry over directly. Stacking two-dimensional semiconductors at a twist angle that produces a dodecagonal (twelve-fold) quasicrystal therefore creates an electronic system whose momentum structure is genuinely different from that of a moiré superlattice.
In the January 2026 issue of Nature Physics, researchers showed that in such a two-layer dodecagonal semiconductor quasicrystal, the quasiperiodic order links different momenta drawn from the individual layers — coupling their valleys — and thereby permits new kinds of interlayer excitons to form. Crucially, the strength of the valley coupling can be tuned with an applied field, making the quasicrystal a controllable platform for exploring how electrons and excitons behave when translational symmetry is absent.
Coverage / 報道: Nature Physics | Nat. Phys. 22, Issue 1
Related keywords: quasicrystal, 準結晶, dodecagonal, 12回対称, valley coupling, バレー結合, interlayer exciton, 層間励起子, transition metal dichalcogenide, 遷移金属ダイカルコゲナイド, twist angle, ねじれ角, quasiperiodic order, 準周期秩序, Nature Physics
Spin qubits based on holes — the positively charged absences of electrons — in silicon and germanium devices are attractive for scalable quantum processors because their strong spin–orbit coupling permits fast, all-electrical spin control without extra microwave antennas. That same spin–orbit coupling is a liability, though: it makes the qubit frequency sensitive to the ubiquitous electrical fluctuations known as charge noise, which limits coherence.
In the January 2026 issue of Nature Physics, researchers demonstrated that this trade-off can largely be evaded by operating at a sweet spot in the orientation of the applied magnetic field. With the field suitably oriented, the qubit's sensitivity to charge noise is strongly suppressed while fast electrical control is retained, improving qubit performance. Because the recipe requires no change in fabrication — only a choice of operating point — it is directly applicable to existing semiconductor spin-qubit devices.
Coverage / 報道: Nature Physics | Nat. Phys. 22, Issue 1
Related keywords: hole spin qubit, ホールスピン量子ビット, charge noise, 電荷ノイズ, spin–orbit coupling, スピン軌道相互作用, sweet spot, スイートスポット, silicon, シリコン, germanium, ゲルマニウム, semiconductor qubit, 半導体量子ビット, coherence, コヒーレンス, Nature Physics
Band structure — the assignment of an energy to each crystal momentum — is the language of solid-state physics, but it rests on translational symmetry. Amorphous materials have none, and yet some of them, notably the amorphous oxide semiconductors used in display and sensor electronics, conduct electricity with the high mobility characteristic of band transport rather than the hopping expected of a disordered insulator. Why has been a long-standing puzzle.
In the January 2026 issue of Nature Physics, researchers presented a first-principles approach that defines effective bands for amorphous solids and captures the possibility of band-like electron transport, illustrated with amorphous indium oxide (In₂O₃). The framework gives a principled way to compute and interpret transport in glassy materials, and offers design guidance for the amorphous semiconductors that already underpin flat-panel displays and thin-film transistors.
Coverage / 報道: Nature Physics | Nat. Phys. 22, Issue 1
Related keywords: amorphous solid, アモルファス固体, effective band, 実効バンド, band-like transport, バンド的輸送, first-principles, 第一原理計算, In2O3, 酸化インジウム, amorphous oxide semiconductor, アモルファス酸化物半導体, disorder, 乱れ, mobility, 移動度, Nature Physics
The Hubbard model — electrons hopping on a lattice with an on-site repulsion — is the minimal description of strongly correlated electrons and the standard starting point for Mott insulators and, arguably, high-temperature superconductivity. It is also famously unsolved except in special limits, and numerical approaches struggle with system size and the fermion sign problem. The Hatsugai–Kohmoto model, by contrast, keeps the interaction diagonal in momentum space and is exactly solvable, but for that same reason it lacks the momentum mixing that real interactions produce.
In the January 2026 issue of Nature Physics, Peizhi Mai, Jinchao Zhao and Philip W. Phillips showed how to reintroduce momentum mixing in a controlled, systematic way, connecting the exactly solvable model to the Hubbard model step by step. The scheme converges as the inverse square of the number of steps and each step remains tractable, so meaningful results can be obtained with minimal computational resources — offering a controlled analytical handle on Mott physics rather than a purely numerical one.
Coverage / 報道: Nature Physics | Research Briefing
Related keywords: Hubbard model, ハバード模型, Hatsugai–Kohmoto model, 初貝–河本模型, Mott insulator, モット絶縁体, momentum mixing, 運動量混合, strongly correlated electrons, 強相関電子系, exactly solvable, 厳密可解, sign problem, 符号問題, Philip Phillips, Nature Physics
Chiral nematic liquid crystals can host knotted vortex lines whose topology protects them, so that they behave like stable, particle-like objects. Such topological solitons are of interest both as tabletop analogues of topological excitations in field theory and as potential information carriers, but controlling their interactions — making them combine or divide on demand — has been difficult.
In the January 2026 issue of Nature Physics, researchers showed that these vortex knots can undergo both fusion and fission, and that electric pulses act as a switch selecting between the two processes. Being able to merge two knots into one, or split one into two, on command turns a topologically protected object into a controllable degree of freedom, which the authors suggest could be exploited in electro-optics and photonics as well as for studying topological transformations in soft matter.
Coverage / 報道: Nature Physics | Nat. Phys. 22, Issue 1
Related keywords: vortex knot, 渦結び目, topological soliton, トポロジカルソリトン, chiral nematic, カイラルネマチック, liquid crystal, 液晶, fusion and fission, 融合と分裂, soft matter, ソフトマター, electro-optics, 電気光学, Smalyukh, Nature Physics
Trapped-ion quantum computers achieve their high gate fidelities by using shared motional modes of the ion crystal as a bus: a laser pulse couples internal states to collective vibration, entangling the ions. The same shared bus is a liability at scale, since every ion participates in the modes and isolating a subset for a gate becomes progressively harder as the crystal grows.
On 15 January 2026, a team from the Weizmann Institute of Science reported in Physical Review Letters an approach in which tightly focused optical tweezers shift the trapping potential experienced by individual ions, altering their motional frequencies. Because entangling gates depend sensitively on mode frequencies, this gives a knob for selecting which ions are resonantly coupled by a given pulse and which are effectively spectators, without moving ions physically or adding dedicated laser channels for every pair. The technique is attractive precisely because it is control-layer rather than architectural: it can be added to existing chains to relax the crosstalk constraints that limit their size.
Coverage / 報道: APS (PRL)
Related keywords: trapped ion, イオントラップ, optical tweezer, 光ピンセット, entangling gate, もつれゲート, motional mode, 振動モード, individual addressing, 個別アドレッシング, crosstalk, クロストーク, quantum computing, 量子計算, Weizmann Institute, ワイツマン科学研究所, Roee Ozeri
Excitons — bound pairs of an electron and a positively charged "hole" — normally move through a semiconductor as a single, charge-neutral unit, with the electron and hole staying together "monogamously." On 1 January 2026, a team from the Joint Quantum Institute (University of Maryland) reported in Science that this picture can break down dramatically. Studying interlayer excitons in a WSe₂/WS₂ moiré heterobilayer, immersed in a two-dimensional gas of electrons, they found that the exciton diffusion coefficient is extremely sensitive to how many electrons are present.
Near the electronic Mott-insulator state — where the electron layer forms an ordered lattice with one electron per moiré site — the excitons diffused up to a thousand times faster than at charge neutrality. The authors attribute this giant enhancement to mobile valence holes: because the ordered electron charge suppresses the moiré potential felt by the holes, a hole can hop away and recombine with any nearby conduction electron rather than staying bound to its original partner — a "non-monogamous" motion. The result turns exciton diffusion into a sensitive optical probe of hidden electronic order, and illuminates the rich interplay between bosons (excitons) and fermions (electrons) in engineered quantum materials.
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | Science
Related keywords: exciton diffusion, エクシトン拡散, 励起子, Mott insulator, モット絶縁体, moiré heterostructure, モアレ超格子, interlayer exciton, 層間励起子, Bose-Fermi mixture, ボース・フェルミ混合系, WSe2, WS2, valence hole, 正孔, generalized Wigner crystal, 一般化ウィグナー結晶, JQI, University of Maryland, Hafezi, Science
Since JWST began operations, astronomers have puzzled over "little red dots" (LRDs): compact, very red sources in the early universe with broad hydrogen and helium emission lines. Their nature has been fiercely debated — extreme star formation, or accreting supermassive black holes with strangely weak X-ray and radio emission? In the Nature issue dated 15 January 2026, a University of Copenhagen–led team offered a unifying answer using the highest-quality JWST spectra.
They show that in most LRDs, the broad lines are not primarily broadened by rapid orbital motion (Doppler broadening) but by electron scattering, with a narrow intrinsic core. The data require very high electron column densities and remarkably compact sizes (light-days across), which — combined with the high luminosities — can only be explained by black-hole accretion. Crucially, the narrow line cores imply black-hole masses of only 10⁵–10⁷ solar masses, about a hundred times lower than earlier estimates. In this picture, an LRD is a young, still relatively small supermassive black hole devouring a dense surrounding cocoon of ionized gas; the heat radiated through that cocoon produces the object's characteristic red color, and naturally accounts for the missing X-rays and radio emission.
Coverage / 報道: University of Copenhagen (NBI) | Nature
Related keywords: little red dots, リトル・レッド・ドット, supermassive black hole, 超大質量ブラックホール, JWST, ジェイムズ・ウェッブ宇宙望遠鏡, electron scattering, 電子散乱, ionized cocoon, 電離ガスの繭, early universe, 初期宇宙, active galactic nucleus, 活動銀河核, accretion, 降着, University of Copenhagen, Cosmic Dawn Center, Nature
Many direct dark-matter experiments now hunt for "light" dark matter, with masses from roughly MeV to GeV, whose collisions with nuclei produce recoils too feeble to detect directly. To gain sensitivity, they rely on the Migdal effect — predicted by Arkady Migdal in 1939–1941 — in which an atom's sudden recoil shakes its electron cloud and ejects an electron, producing a detectable signal. But the effect itself had never been directly observed in nuclear scattering, casting doubt on experiments that depend on it. On 14 January 2026, a China-based collaboration reported the first direct observation in Nature.
Using a purpose-built gaseous pixel detector, the team bombarded a gas target with fast (2.5 MeV) neutrons from a compact deuterium–deuterium generator and searched for the effect's distinctive signature: two tracks — one from the recoiling nucleus and one from the ejected (Migdal) electron — emerging from the same point. Out of almost a million recorded events, six clean candidates were identified, reaching a statistical significance of five standard deviations (5σ), the gold standard for discovery in particle physics. The result experimentally confirms the Migdal effect in nuclear collisions and shores up the foundation of light-dark-matter detection strategies that rely on it.
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | Nature
Related keywords: Migdal effect, ミグダル効果, dark matter, 暗黒物質, light dark matter, 軽い暗黒物質, sub-GeV, nuclear recoil, 原子核反跳, neutron, 中性子, ionization, 電離, direct detection, 直接検出, gaseous pixel detector, ガスピクセル検出器, 5 sigma, 5シグマ, Nature, Difan Yi
Topological phases of matter — recognised with the 2016 Nobel Prize — are usually understood in terms of electrons pictured as well-defined particles moving through a material’s band structure. On 14 January 2026, researchers at TU Wien, with theory collaborators at Rice University (Qimiao Si’s group), reported in Nature Physics a heavy-fermion compound in which robust topological behaviour appears even though that particle picture breaks down.
Near a quantum phase transition, where strong quantum fluctuations dissolve the usual quasiparticle description, the team detected a clear topological signature at temperatures below one degree above absolute zero: a spontaneous (anomalous) Hall effect, in which charge carriers are deflected without any external magnetic field. Strikingly, the effect was strongest exactly where the quantum fluctuations were most intense; suppressing those fluctuations with pressure or a magnetic field made the topological properties vanish. The Rice theory links this quantum criticality to topology, and the authors describe the phase as an emergent topological semimetal — evidence that topological distinctions can be generalised to an abstract, mathematical form that does not require well-defined particles, and may even arise because particle-like states are absent.
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | Nature Physics
Related keywords: topological semimetal, トポロジカル半金属, quantum criticality, 量子臨界, heavy fermion, 重い電子系, spontaneous Hall effect, 自発ホール効果, anomalous Hall effect, 異常ホール効果, strongly correlated electrons, 強相関電子系, Weyl-Kondo, quantum phase transition, 量子相転移, emergent topology, 創発的トポロジー, TU Wien, Rice University, Qimiao Si, Nature Physics
Optical atomic clocks based on a single trapped ion are exquisitely accurate, but their precision is ultimately limited by quantum projection noise, which improves only as more ions (and more time) are added — yet scaling to many ions reintroduces systematic shifts. On 14 January 2026, a team from Germany’s PTB, Leibniz University Hannover and Thailand’s NIMT reported in Physical Review Letters the coherent excitation of the highly forbidden electric-octupole (E3) ²S₁/₂ → ²F₇/₂ clock transition in the odd isotope ¹⁷³Yb⁺ (nuclear spin I = 5/2), revealing a hyperfine-state-dependent, nuclear-spin-induced quenching of that transition.
Because this quenching shortens the excited-state lifetime by about an order of magnitude relative to the unperturbed clock state of ¹⁷¹Yb⁺, far less laser power is needed to drive the transition — which in turn sharply reduces the ac-Stark (light) shift imposed by the clock laser. Using a three-ion Coulomb crystal, the team demonstrated an approximately twentyfold suppression of this light shift, removing a key obstacle on the path to scalable multi-ion Yb⁺ optical clocks. They also reported the unquenched reference transition frequency to 14 significant figures, 642.11917656354(43) THz. Such clocks underpin efforts to redefine the SI second and to test for new physics, such as a possible drift of the fine-structure constant.
Coverage / 報道: Phys. Rev. Lett. | Phys.org | SciTechDaily
Related keywords: optical atomic clock, 光原子時計, ytterbium-173, イッテルビウム173, octupole transition, 八重極遷移, E3 transition, Coulomb crystal, クーロン結晶, ac Stark shift, 交流シュタルクシフト, light shift, 光シフト, nuclear spin quenching, 核スピンクエンチング, multi-ion clock, 多イオン時計, SI second, SI秒の再定義, fine-structure constant, 微細構造定数, PTB, Mehlstäubler, Physical Review Letters
Nonlinear optics — where several photons act together on a material — transformed visible-light spectroscopy, but extending it to X-rays has been hard: the interaction cross-sections are tiny, and one needs both extreme intensity and coherence. X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) now supply both, raising the prospect of nonlinear spectroscopies that address the tightly bound core-shell electrons which give X-rays their element specificity.
In Nature on 14 January 2026, a team reported a coherent, nonlinear four-photon interaction with core-shell electrons, using single broadband X-ray pulses from a free-electron laser on a gaseous neon target. Because the process is coherent and involves four photons from one pulse, it provides a route to multidimensional correlation spectroscopy at the atomic scale — the X-ray analogue of the two-dimensional techniques that have proved so powerful in the optical and infrared regimes for tracking couplings and ultrafast energy flow.
Coverage / 報道: Nature | Nature 649, Issue 8097
Related keywords: nonlinear X-ray optics, 非線形X線光学, four-photon interaction, 4光子相互作用, core-shell electron, 内殻電子, X-ray free-electron laser, X線自由電子レーザー, XFEL, neon, ネオン, multidimensional spectroscopy, 多次元分光, coherence, コヒーレンス, Nature
A phonon laser is the acoustic counterpart of an optical laser: instead of amplifying light, it generates a coherent beam of lattice vibrations. Previous demonstrations have generally relied on optical pumping or on elaborate cavity optomechanics, which limits their use as practical components. Coherent, low-noise phonon sources at microwave frequencies are attractive because acoustic waves are roughly a hundred thousand times shorter in wavelength than electromagnetic waves at the same frequency, allowing very compact signal processing.
Writing in Nature on 14 January 2026, a team from the University of Arizona, Sandia National Laboratories and the University of Colorado Boulder reported a completely solid-state, single-chip surface acoustic wave (SAW) phonon laser driven purely by a direct-current bias. The device pairs a lithium niobate SAW resonator with an internal, electrically injected broadband semiconductor gain medium — acoustoelectric amplification — in a footprint under 0.15 mm². Below the bias threshold it acts as a resonant amplifier for injected phonons; above it, coherent oscillation builds from thermal noise, producing a roughly 1 GHz tone with a linewidth below 100 Hz. Because it needs only an electrical bias — no pump laser, no external cavity — it is a step towards practical acoustic oscillators, filters and amplifiers, and towards chip-scale platforms integrating microwave photons, phonons and qubits.
Coverage / 報道: Nature | Nature 649, Issue 8097
Related keywords: phonon laser, フォノンレーザー, surface acoustic wave, 表面弾性波, SAW, coherent phonon, コヒーレントフォノン, electrical injection, 電気注入, lithium niobate, ニオブ酸リチウム, Sandia, サンディア国立研究所, Eichenfield, acoustoelectric amplification, 音響電気増幅, microwave, マイクロ波, phononics, フォノニクス, Nature
Neutral-atom quantum computers and optical clocks are built from arrays of single atoms held in optical tweezers. Those tweezers are conventionally produced by bulky assemblies of lenses, acousto-optic deflectors and spatial light modulators, and the optical complexity grows with the number of atoms — a practical ceiling on scaling and a source of instability, since every optical element must stay aligned to sub-micron precision.
In Nature on 14 January 2026, a Columbia University team (the groups of Sebastian Will and Nanfang Yu) reported trapping single strontium atoms in tweezer arrays generated by holographic metasurfaces — nanostructured flat optics, made of silicon-rich silicon nitride and titanium dioxide, that shape the trapping light in a single step. They realized two-dimensional arrays holding more than 100 single atoms in arbitrary geometries, with trap spacings as small as 1.5 μm and high uniformity in trap depth, frequency and position, and — as a demonstration of scaling — generated an optical tweezer array with 360,000 traps. Since conventional deflectors and spatial light modulators have been limited by optical resolution to roughly 10,000 traps, the work removes a critical barrier on the path to neutral-atom processors with far more qubits.
Coverage / 報道: Nature | Phys.org(Columbia)
Related keywords: optical tweezers, 光ピンセット, metasurface, メタサーフェス, flat optics, 平面光学, single atom, 単一原子, strontium, ストロンチウム, neutral atom array, 中性原子アレイ, quantum computing, 量子計算, optical clock, 光時計, scalability, 拡張性, Nature
Elastocaloric cooling exploits a solid-state trick: shape-memory alloys such as nickel–titanium absorb or release latent heat when a mechanical stress drives them through a phase transformation. Because the working body is a metal rather than a fluorinated gas, such coolers avoid the greenhouse-gas refrigerants used in vapour-compression systems. The obstacle has been reaching genuinely useful low temperatures — most demonstrations struggled to descend far below room temperature.
In Nature on 14 January 2026, a team at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology reported a compression-based, regenerative elastocaloric device that is the first to reach sub-zero Celsius temperatures. It uses tubular NiTi units with deliberately lowered transformation temperatures in a cascaded configuration; the alloy retains superelasticity and substantial entropy changes down to −20 °C. Two points are worth noting: the device still needs a heat-transfer fluid, but it is a low-freezing-point aqueous calcium chloride solution rather than a high-GWP refrigerant gas, so it keeps flowing below 0 °C. The desktop-scale prototype reached a heat-source temperature of −12 °C from a room-temperature heat sink, a temperature lift of roughly 36 °C — bringing solid-state cooling into the range needed for freezing, not merely air conditioning.
Coverage / 報道: Nature | Nature 649, Issue 8098
Related keywords: elastocaloric cooling, 弾性熱量冷却, shape-memory alloy, 形状記憶合金, NiTi, ニチノール, superelasticity, 超弾性, −12 °C, calcium chloride solution, 塩化カルシウム水溶液, HKUST, 香港科技大学, temperature lift, 温度リフト, solid-state cooling, 固体冷却, regenerative cascade, 再生カスケード, latent heat, 潜熱, refrigerant-free, 冷媒フリー, Nature
Lateral heterostructures — two different semiconductors joined edge to edge in the same atomic plane — are the building blocks of in-plane electronics and photonics, but making them in halide perovskites is notoriously difficult because these soft ionic crystals interdiffuse and degrade under the conditions normally used for patterning and epitaxy.
In Nature on 14 January 2026, a Purdue-led group reported that two-dimensional lead halide perovskites can be induced to self-etch into arrays of tiny squares, producing colourful mosaic patterns; those etched edges then act as templates for the epitaxial growth of a second perovskite composition, yielding lateral heterostructures. The self-organized route avoids aggressive lithography and offers a way to build in-plane junctions with the sharp, well-defined interfaces needed for perovskite light-emitting devices, photodetectors and integrated optics.
Coverage / 報道: Nature | Nature 649, Issue 8097
Related keywords: two-dimensional perovskite, 二次元ペロブスカイト, lateral heterostructure, 横方向ヘテロ構造, epitaxy, エピタキシー, self-etching, 自己エッチング, halide perovskite, ハライドペロブスカイト, optoelectronics, オプトエレクトロニクス, Letian Dou, Purdue, Nature
Gravitational lensing of the cosmic microwave background maps all the matter between us and the last-scattering surface, dark matter included, without assuming how galaxies trace mass. That makes it a uniquely clean probe of σ₈, the amplitude of matter clustering — the very parameter at the heart of the "S₈ tension," the persistent hint that some galaxy weak-lensing surveys see less structure than the primary CMB predicts.
On 14 January 2026, the ACT and SPT-3G collaborations reported in Physical Review Letters a unified analysis combining CMB lensing measurements from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope, the South Pole Telescope and Planck, processed through a consistent pipeline rather than simply averaged. The joint result is the tightest CMB-lensing constraint on structure growth to date, and it agrees well with the ΛCDM prediction extrapolated from the primary CMB anisotropies. That sharpens the picture considerably: whatever the origin of the S₈ discrepancies reported by some galaxy surveys, high-redshift lensing of the microwave background does not appear to share it.
Coverage / 報道: APS (PRL)
Related keywords: CMB lensing, CMBレンズ, sigma8, σ8, S8 tension, S8テンション, structure growth, 構造成長, ACT, Atacama Cosmology Telescope, SPT-3G, South Pole Telescope, Planck, Lambda-CDM, ΛCDM, dark matter distribution, 暗黒物質分布, weak lensing, 弱重力レンズ
CP violation — the asymmetry between matter and antimatter behaviour — is a required ingredient for the universe's matter excess, and the Standard Model's version, encoded in the CKM matrix, is far too small to explain it. Mapping CP violation channel by channel is therefore a systematic search for where the Standard Model description might fail. Decays of a B meson into two vector mesons are especially informative because the final state carries angular momentum, and the distribution among longitudinal and transverse polarizations has never been fully accounted for — the long-standing "polarization puzzle."
On 14 January 2026, the LHCb collaboration reported in Physical Review Letters the first observation of CP violation in B⁺→ρ(770)⁰K*(892)⁺, together with a measurement of the polarization fractions in that decay. Both quantities are predicted by QCD-based frameworks whose treatment of strong-interaction effects is the weakest link in interpreting such measurements, so a channel that yields the CP asymmetry and the polarization simultaneously constrains theory more tightly than either number alone.
Coverage / 報道: APS (PRL)
Related keywords: CP violation, CP対称性の破れ, LHCb, B meson, B中間子, vector-vector decay, ベクトル-ベクトル崩壊, polarization puzzle, 偏極パズル, CKM matrix, CKM行列, matter-antimatter asymmetry, 物質反物質非対称性, LHC, CERN
For about four decades, the leading assumption has been that dark matter must be “cold” — moving slowly — when it freezes out in the early universe, since cold dark matter is needed to grow the galaxies and large-scale structure we observe. Researchers at the University of Minnesota Twin Cities and Université Paris-Saclay now report, in Physical Review Letters, that dark matter could instead have been born “red hot,” moving at nearly the speed of light, and still cool down in time.
The team studied dark-matter production during post-inflationary reheating — the brief, poorly understood epoch right after cosmic inflation when the universe was re-filled with particles. They found scenarios in which dark matter is produced ultrarelativistically yet redshifts and cools enough before structure formation begins. The work broadens the allowed range of dark-matter models and, the authors argue, opens an observational window onto an era extremely close to the Big Bang, with implications for both collider searches and astrophysical probes.
Coverage / 報道: EurekAlert! | SciTechDaily
Related keywords: dark matter, 暗黒物質, hot dark matter, 灼熱の暗黒物質, cold dark matter, 冷たい暗黒物質, reheating, 再加熱, post-inflationary, インフレーション後, freeze-out, フリーズアウト, ultrarelativistic, 超相対論的, University of Minnesota, Paris-Saclay, Physical Review Letters, 構造形成, structure formation
Ideas from nuclear and high-energy physics describe how, in out-of-equilibrium systems of charged chiral fermions, an electric current flowing parallel to a magnetic field can trigger a dynamic instability that amplifies electromagnetic waves. On 9 January 2026 (reported 13 January), a University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign-led team reported in Nature Physics the first observation of such a "dynamic magneto-chiral instability" in a solid-state material — elemental tellurium, a structurally chiral crystal.
Using time-domain terahertz emission spectroscopy, the team photoexcited tellurium in a moderate magnetic field and saw terahertz radiation whose coherent modes grew in amplitude over time — the signature of amplification rather than ordinary decay. Their model attributes the effect to an instability of electromagnetic waves coupled to the infrared-active oscillators of acceptor states, producing an amplifying "polariton." The result carries a mechanism from high-energy physics into condensed matter and points to a new route for terahertz-wave amplification in chiral materials.
Coverage / 報道: Nature Physics | University of Illinois (MRL) | Phys.org
Related keywords: magneto-chiral instability, 磁気カイラル不安定性, chirality, カイラリティ, tellurium, テルル, terahertz emission, テラヘルツ放射, polariton, ポラリトン, chiral anomaly, カイラルアノマリー, photoexcitation, 光励起, wave amplification, 波の増幅, condensed matter, 物性物理, UIUC, Nature Physics
Photonic quantum experiments have traditionally been assembled from bulk components — crystals, beam splitters, wave plates — occupying an optical table and requiring careful alignment. Metasurfaces, flat arrays of subwavelength scatterers that shape light by design rather than by propagation distance, promise to compress much of that into a single wafer, but generating and distributing genuine multiphoton entanglement on one has been a challenge.
On 13 January 2026, a team led from Nanjing University reported in Physical Review Letters — a Featured in Physics article — an approach in which the metasurface's own interference structure does the work. Photons passing through the engineered wafer emerge entangled and simultaneously spread across multiple output channels, so state creation and routing happen in the same element rather than in separate stages. Consolidating those functions removes alignment-sensitive interfaces, which are a principal source of loss and phase drift in photonic quantum devices, and points toward compact sources for quantum imaging, metrology and networking.
Coverage / 報道: APS (PRL) | PRL Highlights
Related keywords: metasurface, メタサーフェス, photon entanglement, 光子もつれ, entanglement engineering, もつれ工学, interference, 干渉, flat optics, フラット光学, multichannel, 多チャンネル, quantum photonics, 量子フォトニクス, Nanjing University, 南京大学
Material spiralling toward a black hole does not all fall in. Much of it is expelled from the accretion disk, in two very different forms: narrow relativistic jets fired from the poles at close to light speed, powered by magnetic fields and black-hole spin; and broad, slower X-ray winds blown off the disk surface by radiation and magnetic pressure. Whether these two channels can operate together has been unclear.
A team led by the University of Warwick reported in Nature Astronomy the first clear observational evidence that the two outflow forms are mutually exclusive in a black hole X-ray binary: when the jet is on, the wind is off, and vice versa. The result recasts the black hole not as a passive consumer but as a system that manages its accretion budget, switching between two mutually incompatible ways of returning energy and matter to its surroundings — with direct consequences for how much energy such systems inject into their host environments.
Coverage / 報道: Nature Astronomy | Phys.org
Related keywords: black hole X-ray binary, ブラックホールX線連星, accretion disk, 降着円盤, relativistic jet, 相対論的ジェット, disk wind, 円盤風, X-ray wind, X線風, outflow, アウトフロー, accretion state, 降着状態, University of Warwick, ウォーリック大学, Nature Astronomy
Quantum key distribution is usually framed as a two-party affair, but many real applications — a board meeting, a distributed control system, a consortium ledger — need a single key shared simultaneously among several parties. Building that key by pairwise QKD and then combining keys is possible but wasteful; quantum cryptographic conferencing aims to generate it directly. Practical deployment then runs into a mundane obstacle: real fibre links between cities are not equal in length, and asymmetric channels degrade interference-based protocols.
On 12 January 2026, a team from the University of Science and Technology of China including Teng-Yun Chen and Jian-Wei Pan reported in Physical Review Letters — the work was selected for the issue cover — an experimental demonstration of phase-matching quantum cryptographic conferencing in both symmetric and asymmetric fibre channels. The phase-matching approach inherits the favourable rate–distance scaling of twin-field QKD while extending it to multiple users, and handling unequal channel lengths is what moves the protocol out of the idealized laboratory configuration and toward the topology that metropolitan networks actually have.
Coverage / 報道: APS (PRL)
Related keywords: quantum key distribution, 量子鍵配送, QKD, quantum cryptographic conferencing, 量子会議鍵配送, phase matching, 位相整合, twin-field QKD, ツインフィールドQKD, asymmetric channel, 非対称チャンネル, multipartite entanglement, 多者間もつれ, USTC, 中国科学技術大学, Jian-Wei Pan, 潘建偉
Charge noise is the dominant obstacle to semiconductor spin qubits. Stray two-level fluctuators — a trapped charge hopping between two configurations somewhere in the oxide, the interface or the gate stack — shift qubit frequencies and destroy coherence. Devices are improved largely by trial and error, because standard noise spectroscopy reports the spectrum of the noise but says nothing about where it originates.
On 12 January 2026, a RIKEN-led collaboration with partners in Japan and Europe — including Jun Yoneda, Seigo Tarucha and Daniel Loss — reported in Physical Review Letters that the spatial correlations of noise between multiple qubits in an array carry that missing information. A fluctuator sitting close to one qubit affects it strongly and its neighbours weakly, and the pattern of correlated frequency fluctuations across the array can therefore be inverted to infer the fluctuator's location. Turning a device's own qubits into a diagnostic imaging array is an appealing shortcut: it points fabrication effort at the specific layers and regions that are actually generating the noise, rather than at the whole stack.
Coverage / 報道: APS (PRL)
Related keywords: charge noise, 電荷雑音, spin qubit, スピン量子ビット, two-level fluctuator, 二準位ゆらぎ源, noise correlation, 雑音相関, silicon quantum dot, シリコン量子ドット, decoherence, デコヒーレンス, RIKEN, 理化学研究所, Tarucha, 樽茶清悟, Daniel Loss, Delft
Solitons — solitary waves that travel like particles without changing shape — are a cornerstone of nonlinear physics, but almost all observed examples live in effectively one-dimensional settings such as narrow water channels or optical fibres. The reason is integrability: exact soliton solutions require nonlinear equations with a large number of conserved quantities, and most multidimensional systems are not integrable. A famous exception is the lump soliton, a two-dimensional rational solution of the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation predicted in the 1970s and able to propagate unperturbed in three-dimensional space. It had never been observed.
A team from Sapienza University of Rome (first author Ludovica Dieli, with Davide Pierangeli) realized the KP dynamics optically instead of hydrodynamically. A spatial light modulator imprinted a soliton-shaped peak on the two-dimensional cross section of a laser beam, which then propagated through a photorefractive crystal under paraxial diffraction and defocusing nonlinearity — a "fluid of light" tuned into the integrable hydrodynamic regime. The lump emerged as a self-localized wave travelling with a transverse velocity and keeping its shape, and two lumps sent along controlled trajectories collided elastically, confirming genuine integrability in two dimensions.
Source / 出典: L. Dieli et al., "Observation of Lump Solitons," Physical Review Letters 136, 053804 (2026). DOI: 10.1103/ggbs-y21w
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | APS Physics | Sapienza (Dip. Fisica)
Related keywords: lump soliton, ランプソリトン, soliton, ソリトン, Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation, KP方程式, integrability, 可積分性, nonlinear optics, 非線形光学, photorefractive crystal, 光屈折結晶, photon fluid, 光の流体, fluid of light, elastic collision, 弾性衝突, spatial light modulator, 空間光変調器, Sapienza University of Rome, ローマ・サピエンツァ大学, Physical Review Letters
Quantum tunneling is one of the fastest physical processes available for switching a device, but making electrons tunnel usually requires very strong electric fields, which costs power and stresses the material. In work covered on 9 January 2026, a Korean team led by UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology), with Ajou University and POSTECH, reported a nanogap device in which terahertz-frequency tunneling occurs at markedly lower fields.
The device sandwiches a titanium-dioxide (TiO₂) layer between two metals with a nanometre-scale gap. By engineering the Schottky barrier at the metal–oxide interfaces, the researchers lowered the onset field of Fowler–Nordheim tunneling to 13 kV/cm — about four times lower than in conventional aluminium-oxide junctions — while keeping the intrinsically femtosecond-scale response of the process, achieving up to 60% modulation of the transmitted terahertz waves. Because the operating frequency sits in the terahertz band — between microwaves and infrared — the work is aimed at ultrafast, energy-efficient optical communication beyond 6G, as well as terahertz sensing. The results were published in ACS Nano (online in December 2025; in the January 2026 issue).
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | ACS Nano
Related keywords: quantum tunneling, 量子トンネル, terahertz, テラヘルツ, nanogap, ナノギャップ, Schottky barrier, ショットキー障壁, TiO2, 二酸化チタン, 6G, optical communication, 光通信, femtosecond, フェムト秒, plasmonics, プラズモニクス, ACS Nano
A Josephson junction — the foundational element of superconducting quantum computers, and the subject of the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics — is conventionally built from two superconductors separated by a thin barrier, whose paired electrons synchronize across the gap. In a study published in Nature Communications (announced late December 2025 / early January 2026), an international team led by the University at Buffalo and the Autonomous University of Madrid reported the first experimental evidence that such behavior can arise with only one superconductor present.
Their device stacked superconducting vanadium and ferromagnetic iron, separated by a thin magnesium-oxide layer. By measuring shot noise — the tiny fluctuations from the discreteness of electric charge — the team found electrons moving in large, highly coordinated groups inside the iron, a hallmark of Josephson-junction synchronization normally seen only between two superconductors. This was surprising because ferromagnetism (spins aligned) and conventional superconductivity (spins paired antiparallel) usually oppose each other. The interpretation: broken inversion symmetry and interfacial spin–orbit coupling at the V/MgO/Fe interface induce an unconventional, spin-triplet (same-spin) superconducting region within the iron. Because both iron and magnesium oxide are already common in magnetic hard drives and MRAM, the finding hints at simpler routes to Josephson devices and possibly to more robust, topological superconductivity.
Coverage / 報道: University at Buffalo | Phys.org
Related keywords: Josephson junction, ジョセフソン接合, single superconductor, 単一超伝導体, spin-triplet superconductivity, スピン三重項超伝導, same-spin pairing, 同一スピン対, shot noise, ショットノイズ, vanadium, iron, MgO, proximity effect, 近接効果, spin-orbit coupling, スピン軌道結合, topological superconductor, トポロジカル超伝導, University at Buffalo, Zutic, Aliev, Nature Communications
A team led by Sergey Frolov (University of Pittsburgh), with collaborators in Minnesota and Grenoble, carried out a series of replication studies of topological effects in nanoscale superconducting and semiconducting devices — the kind of measurements that had been celebrated as evidence for Majorana zero modes, a sought-after building block for topological quantum computing. Their careful re-examination found that several signals once interpreted as breakthroughs could be explained in simpler, more mundane ways.
Strikingly, the work itself struggled to get published: the paper underwent a record two years of peer and editorial review after its 2023 submission before finally appearing in Science on 8 January 2026. The episode is a high-profile case study in scientific self-correction and the value (and difficulty) of replication in fast-moving, high-stakes fields. It does not disprove Majorana physics outright, but it raises the bar of evidence required and underscores how easily exotic interpretations can outrun the data.
Coverage / 報道: ScienceDaily | University of Pittsburgh
Related keywords: Majorana zero mode, マヨラナ・ゼロモード, topological quantum computing, トポロジカル量子計算, replication, 追試, 再現研究, superconductor, 超伝導, semiconductor nanowire, 半導体ナノワイヤ, Sergey Frolov, University of Pittsburgh, Science journal, self-correction, 科学の自己修正, quantum computing, 量子コンピュータ
On 8 January 2026, researchers reported in Nature Physics a general way to predict which target nanostructures can be built by programmable self-assembly — and at what yield — before running any experiment. Modern methods (for example, DNA origami) let scientists precisely design particle shapes, concentrations, and interactions, but the resulting design space is enormous.
The team showed that a class of thermodynamic constraints carves this space into a high-dimensional convex polyhedron: structures lying inside it can in principle be assembled at high equilibrium yield, while the polyhedron's faces reveal hard limits and the unavoidable coexistence of competing structures. They validated the predictions with quantitative assembly experiments on nanoscale particles synthesized using DNA origami — turning self-assembly design from trial-and-error into a problem with a clear geometric map.
Coverage / 報道: Nature Physics
Related keywords: self-assembly, 自己組織化, programmable matter, プログラム可能物質, DNA origami, DNAオリガミ, statistical physics, 統計物理学, thermodynamic constraint, 熱力学的制約, convex polyhedron, 凸多面体, nanostructure, ナノ構造, equilibrium yield, 平衡収率, soft matter, ソフトマター
Astronomers using the W. M. Keck Observatory on Maunakea, Hawaiʻi, have found the most extended stream of super-heated gas yet seen flowing out of a nearby galaxy, giving some of the clearest evidence to date that a supermassive black hole can reshape its host galaxy far beyond its core. The findings, led by researchers at UC Irvine and Caltech/IPAC, were published in Science on 8 January 2026.
In the disk galaxy VV 340a, the observations revealed vast structures of energized gas stretching up to about 20,000 light-years from the galaxy’s centre — far larger than previously seen — and the Keck Cosmic Web Imager (KCWI) traced cooler, lower-energy gas extending well beyond the disk in a striking, spear-like structure aligned with the galaxy’s centre. The team attributes the outflow to a precessing (“wobbling”) jet launched by the active galactic nucleus: as the jet’s direction slowly changes over time, it sweeps across the galaxy and drives gas outward, leaving a spear-like fossil record of prolonged black-hole activity. It is described as the first galaxy-wide wobbling black-hole jet identified in a disk galaxy.
Coverage / 報道: Science | Phys.org
Related keywords: active galactic nucleus, 活動銀河核, AGN, precessing jet, 歳差ジェット, supermassive black hole, 超大質量ブラックホール, gas outflow, ガス流出, VV 340a, Keck Observatory, ケック天文台, KCWI, AGN feedback, AGNフィードバック, disk galaxy, 円盤銀河, Science
Simulating how quantum matter evolves in time is one of the central goals of physics and chemistry, and quantum computers are meant to do it where classical machines fail. For decades entanglement — the strong correlation between quantum particles — has been regarded as an obstacle: in classical simulation, high entanglement makes the problem exponentially harder. In a study published in Nature Physics on 14 July 2025 (Nat. Phys. 21, 1338–1345; August 2025 issue) and highlighted by the University of Hong Kong (HKU) on 8 January 2026, a team led by Qi Zhao (HKU) with You Zhou (Fudan University) and Andrew M. Childs (University of Maryland) showed that, for quantum simulation, entanglement can instead be an asset.
In an article titled “Entanglement accelerates quantum simulation,” the team showed that product-formula (Trotterization) algorithms incur smaller simulation error for entangled states — establishing an error bound in terms of entanglement entropy — so the very feature that bottlenecks classical methods speeds up the quantum algorithm. The result reframes entanglement as a resource rather than a barrier and suggests that the most classically intractable, strongly entangled regimes may be where quantum simulators gain the largest advantage.
Coverage / 報道: Nature Physics | Phys.org
Related keywords: quantum simulation, 量子シミュレーション, entanglement, エンタングルメント, Hamiltonian simulation, ハミルトニアンシミュレーション, quantum algorithm, 量子アルゴリズム, quantum advantage, 量子優位性, many-body dynamics, 多体ダイナミクス, University of Hong Kong, HKU, Nature Physics
Since the classic work of Berg and Purcell, a cornerstone of the physics of living systems has been the idea that a cell's ability to measure a chemical concentration is fundamentally limited by counting noise — the random arrival of ligand molecules at its receptors. Bacteria such as Escherichia coli have often been described as operating close to this physical limit, an appealing example of biology reaching a bound set by physics.
In Nature Physics on 8 January 2026, researchers reported measurements indicating that the accuracy of E. coli chemosensing is in fact set by noise in the cell's internal signal-processing machinery, not by the stochasticity of molecule arrivals — the cells discard most of the sensory information they collect. An accompanying News & Views summarized the implication bluntly: by this measure, bacteria are far from the physical limits of chemotaxis, and the efficiency of biological information processing needs to be re-examined rather than assumed optimal.
Coverage / 報道: Nature Physics | News & Views
Related keywords: chemosensing, 化学センシング, Berg–Purcell limit, バーグ・パーセル限界, counting noise, 数え上げノイズ, E. coli, 大腸菌, chemotaxis, 走化性, information processing, 情報処理, biophysics, 生物物理, internal noise, 内部ノイズ, Nature Physics
The NSF–DOE Vera C. Rubin Observatory made this discovery in pre-survey commissioning observations, taken before the start of its ten-year Legacy Survey of Space and Time. On 7 January 2026 the observatory announced the discovery that the asteroid 2025 MN45 completes one rotation every 1.88 minutes — the fastest spin known for any asteroid larger than about 0.5 km across.
That number matters because it sits well beyond the classical "spin barrier." A loosely bound rubble pile of that size, held together only by its own gravity, would fly apart at such a rate; to survive, 2025 MN45 must have genuine internal cohesive strength, more like a monolithic body. Fast rotators are also relevant to planetary defence and to understanding how the YORP effect — the torque from anisotropically re-radiated sunlight — spins small bodies up over time. Rubin's wide field and rapid cadence make it unusually well suited to catching objects that rotate faster than most surveys can resolve, and many more such detections are expected as the full survey gets under way.
Coverage / 報道: Rubin Observatory | Minor Planet Center
Related keywords: 2025 MN45, asteroid, 小惑星, fastest rotation, 最速自転, spin barrier, 自転障壁, rubble pile, ラブルパイル, cohesive strength, 引張強度, YORP effect, YORP効果, Vera C. Rubin Observatory, ルービン天文台, LSST, planetary defense, プラネタリーディフェンス, NSF, DOE
A persistent puzzle in cosmology is the S8 tension: the early universe (seen in the cosmic microwave background) predicts the present-day cosmos should be slightly “clumpier” — more strongly clustered — than late-universe surveys actually find. A University of Sheffield-led team (Lei Zu, William Giarè, Eleonora Di Valentino and colleagues) proposes a solution: a tiny interaction between dark matter and neutrinos that gently slowed the growth of cosmic structure.
Combining Planck and Atacama Cosmology Telescope CMB data with Dark Energy Survey (DES Y3) cosmic-shear measurements, the team finds a nearly 3σ preference for a non-zero dark matter–neutrino interaction strength (around u ≈ 10⁻⁴), published in Nature Astronomy. The result does not overturn the standard ΛCDM model but suggests it may be incomplete, and gives particle physicists a concrete target — a specific kind of dark-sector coupling — to test with future CMB experiments and weak-lensing surveys.
Coverage / 報道: University of Sheffield | Phys.org | Live Science
Related keywords: S8 tension, S8テンション, dark matter neutrino interaction, 暗黒物質ニュートリノ相互作用, cosmic shear, コズミックシア, weak lensing, 弱重力レンズ, CMB, 宇宙マイクロ波背景放射, Planck, ACT, DES Y3, LambdaCDM, ΛCDM, University of Sheffield, Nature Astronomy, structure formation, 構造形成, dark sector, 暗黒セクター
The U.S. Department of Energy's Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) highlighted, in early January 2026, how partnerships between public institutions and private fusion companies are accelerating progress toward commercial fusion energy. Among the results: experiments achieving ion temperatures above 100 million °C — hotter than the core of the Sun — in compact “spherical” tokamaks, and confirmation of favorable energy-confinement scaling that bodes well for smaller, cheaper fusion reactors.
Spherical tokamaks squeeze the familiar doughnut-shaped magnetic bottle into a more apple-like shape, which can confine plasma more efficiently per unit magnetic field. The collaborative model — sharing PPPL's experimental facilities, diagnostics and decades of plasma-physics expertise with fast-moving startups — lets both sides run more experiments and stress-test how optimistic the commercial projections really are, a key step on the road to a working fusion power plant.
Source / 出典: Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) — reported via Phys.org (7 January 2026)
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | PPPL
Related keywords: nuclear fusion, 核融合, spherical tokamak, 球状トカマク, plasma physics, プラズマ物理, ion temperature, イオン温度, energy confinement, エネルギー閉じ込め, PPPL, fusion energy, 核融合エネルギー, magnetic confinement, 磁気閉じ込め, public-private partnership, 公民連携, commercial fusion, 商用核融合
For over a century, the branching of physical networks — blood vessels, neurons, tree and coral branches — was thought to follow simple "wiring economy": nature minimizing the total length of links. But careful measurements kept disagreeing with that prediction. On 7 January 2026, a team led by Xiangyi Meng (Rensselaer) with senior author Albert-László Barabási (Northeastern) reported in Nature — as that week’s cover article — that the true organizing principle is the minimization of surface area, not length.
Treating links as three-dimensional objects with thickness rather than idealized 1D wires makes the optimization mathematically intractable — until the authors found an exact mapping of surface minimization onto high-dimensional Feynman diagrams from string theory. The mapping predicts that, as links thicken, tree-like networks transition away from length-minimizing layouts, producing characteristic trifurcations, branching angles, and stable "orthogonal sprouts" that match real networks and even improve synapse formation in the brain and nutrient access in plants and fungi. The framework also offers design rules for artificial vasculature and 3D-printable metamaterials.
Coverage / 報道: Nature | Northeastern University | Physics Today
Related keywords: physical networks, 物理ネットワーク, surface minimization, 表面積最小化, wiring economy, 配線の経済性, string theory, 弦理論, Feynman diagrams, ファインマン図, branching, 枝分かれ, trifurcation, 三叉分岐, connectome, コネクトーム, vascular network, 血管網, network science, ネットワーク科学, Barabási, Meng, Nature
Non-Abelian anyons are exotic quasiparticles whose position exchange (braiding) changes the quantum state of the system in a topologically protected way — a property that makes them leading candidates for building a fault-tolerant quantum computer. They are expected to appear in "even-denominator" fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states, but directly probing their unusual statistics has been extremely hard. In a paper published online in Nature on 7 January 2026, a Weizmann Institute of Science team led by Yuval Ronen (with Ady Stern and David Mross) reported coherent Aharonov–Bohm interference at two even-denominator FQH states in high-mobility bilayer-graphene van der Waals heterostructures, using a Fabry–Pérot interferometer.
By deliberately tuning the filling factor to inject extra fractional quasiparticles into the interference loop, the team found that the additional bulk quasiparticles carry a fundamental electric charge of e* = ¼e — exactly the value expected for the non-Abelian anyons of these states. At a constant filling factor they observed an oscillation period of two flux quanta (ΔΦ = 2Φ₀), and at two hole-conjugate states they saw evidence for e* = ⅔e quasiparticles. The results provide direct interferometric evidence bearing on the statistics of these quasiparticles, an important step toward topologically protected quantum information encoded in anyons — though the authors are careful to note what the interference does and does not yet establish about full non-Abelian braiding.
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org | Nature
Related keywords: non-Abelian anyon, 非可換エニオン, fractional quantum Hall, 分数量子ホール効果, even-denominator, 偶数分母, Fabry-Perot interferometry, ファブリ・ペロー干渉, Aharonov-Bohm, アハロノフ・ボーム, bilayer graphene, 二層グラフェン, quasiparticle charge, 準粒子電荷, topological quantum computation, トポロジカル量子計算, braiding, ブレイディング, Weizmann, Yuval Ronen, Ady Stern, Nature
Sagittarius A*, the four-million-solar-mass black hole at the centre of the Milky Way, is today remarkably quiet in X-rays. But giant molecular clouds near the Galactic centre glow in the iron Kα line, and that glow can be produced two ways: fluorescence after being illuminated by a past X-ray outburst, or ionization by cosmic rays. Distinguishing them decides whether the clouds are echoes of Sgr A*'s history or something else entirely.
Using XRISM's Resolve microcalorimeter — which resolves photon energy to about one part in 1,000, roughly ten to a hundred times better than previous X-ray telescopes — Stephen DiKerby (Michigan State University), Shuo Zhang and collaborators including Kumiko Nobukawa (Kindai University) and Masayoshi Nobukawa (Nara University of Education) resolved the Fe Kα complex of the cloud G0.11−0.11 into its two components for the first time: Kα₁ at 6.4040 keV and Kα₂ at 6.3910 keV, each with a non-instrumental width of about 3 eV, close to the intrinsic quantum-mechanical linewidth. The near-absence of extra broadening, combined with the measured cloud motion, favours X-ray reflection over cosmic-ray ionization — that is, a light echo. Because the reflected light took a longer path than the direct light, the flare it records reached Earth directly a few centuries ago, unnoticed; during it, Sgr A* is estimated to have shone far brighter in X-rays than anything observed today. Mapping several clouds at different distances should let astronomers reconstruct a timeline of the black hole's past outbursts.
Coverage / 報道: Michigan State University / EurekAlert! | Phys.org | IOPscience (ApJL)
Related keywords: XRISM, Resolve, microcalorimeter, マイクロカロリメータ, Sagittarius A*, いて座A*, Galactic center, 銀河中心, molecular cloud, 分子雲, G0.11-0.11, Fe K-alpha, 鉄K輝線, X-ray reflection, X線反射, light echo, 光のこだま, cosmic-ray ionization, 宇宙線電離, past flare, 過去のフレア, JAXA, NASA, Michigan State University, ミシガン州立大学, Astrophysical Journal Letters
The bacterial flagellar motor switches its direction of rotation in response to tiny changes in the concentration of an intracellular signalling protein, and this ultrasensitive switching underlies chemotaxis — how bacteria swim towards food. The standard explanation has been an equilibrium allosteric model, in which a ring of subunits flips cooperatively. But that picture sits awkwardly with experiments, which show sensitivity and switching statistics the equilibrium model struggles to reproduce.
In Nature Physics (7 January 2026), Henry H. Mattingly and Yuhai Tu proposed instead that the motor's ultrasensitivity has a mechanical, non-equilibrium origin: torque-dependent, energy-consuming interactions within the motor make the switch far sharper than equilibrium thermodynamics allows. The model reproduces how switching depends on the mechanical load (torque) on the motor, and it reframes a classic biophysical system as one that spends free energy to sharpen a decision — a theme that recurs across cellular sensing.
Coverage / 報道: Nature Physics | Research Briefing
Related keywords: bacterial flagellar motor, 細菌べん毛モーター, ultrasensitivity, 超高感度, non-equilibrium, 非平衡, allosteric model, アロステリック模型, chemotaxis, 走化性, torque, トルク, biophysics, 生物物理, Yuhai Tu, Nature Physics
Photon loss is the central obstacle in long-distance quantum communication: over long fiber links, only a tiny fraction of photons survive, hampering applications such as loophole-free Bell tests and device-independent quantum key distribution. Quantum teleportation — transferring a quantum state using shared entanglement plus classical communication — could in principle sidestep loss, but in practice it had proven hard to make teleportation transmit a single photon with higher survival probability than simply sending it directly. A study published in Nature Physics (2026) resolves this.
The team demonstrated an all-optical scheme for the remote preparation of entangled photons. Using a lossy channel, they achieved a heralding efficiency of 82% for "event-ready" entangled photons, and after distributing entanglement this way, showed teleportation-based transmission with a nearly threefold improvement in efficiency over direct transmission. Crucially, the advantage is unconditional — it does not rely on post-selecting only the lucky runs. The result is a concrete step toward practical quantum repeaters and large-scale quantum networks that can tolerate realistic channel loss.
Coverage / 報道: Nature Physics
Related keywords: quantum teleportation, 量子テレポーテーション, direct transmission, 直接伝送, lossy channel, 損失チャネル, photon loss, 光子損失, entanglement, 量子もつれ, heralded, ヘラルド, quantum repeater, 量子中継器, quantum network, 量子ネットワーク, device-independent QKD, 量子鍵配送, Bell test, ベル試験, Nature Physics
Ferroelectric materials — whose electric polarization can be switched by a field and retained — are attractive for low-power, non-volatile memory, but graphene, a single sheet of carbon atoms with a highly symmetric lattice, is not intrinsically ferroelectric. On 6 January 2026, a Korean team led by DGIST (with KAIST collaborators) reported in Nature Communications a new memory principle: by sandwiching ultrathin materials such as graphene together with α-RuCl₃, information can be written and erased electrically through the ferroelectric switching of interfacial electric dipoles.
Strikingly, the effect arises from the stacking itself — no artificial structural deformation is needed. The team's device was most stable around −243 °C (about 30 K) and showed strong non-volatility, retaining its state after the field was removed. Because the mechanism relies on interfacial dipoles engineered purely by stacking, it points toward ultralow-power electronic devices and, in particular, memory components for quantum computers that operate at ultralow temperatures. The work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea and the Institute for Basic Science (IBS).
Coverage / 報道: EurekAlert! (DGIST)
Related keywords: ferroelectricity, 強誘電性, sliding ferroelectricity, すべり強誘電性, graphene, グラフェン, stacking, 積層, 2D materials, 二次元材料, memory, メモリ, polarization, 分極, van der Waals, ファンデルワールス, DGIST, KAIST, Nature Communications
“Little red dots” (LRDs) are among the most puzzling objects JWST has found: extremely compact, red sources scattered across the early universe. Using JWST data, astronomers from the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian (CfA) presented evidence at the 247th meeting of the American Astronomical Society (Phoenix, 6 January 2026) that many LRDs may actually be gigantic, short-lived stars rather than ordinary galaxies.
If correct, these enormous “black-hole stars” would offer a direct glimpse of how the universe's first supermassive black holes formed: such massive stars can collapse to seed black holes that grow rapidly. The interpretation is debated — other groups argue LRDs are young supermassive black holes shrouded in dense ionized gas — but either way, JWST's high-quality spectra are reshaping our picture of the first billion years of cosmic history and the origin of supermassive black holes.
Coverage / 報道: CfA Harvard & Smithsonian | American Astronomical Society
Related keywords: little red dots, リトル・レッド・ドット, JWST, James Webb Space Telescope, ジェイムズ・ウェッブ宇宙望遠鏡, supermassive black hole, 超巨大ブラックホール, black hole star, ブラックホール星, supermassive star, 超大質量星, early universe, 初期宇宙, high redshift, 高赤方偏移, AAS 247, CfA, galaxy formation, 銀河形成
Superconducting qubits — the technology behind many leading quantum processors — lose information through decoherence, and chasing down every microscopic source of loss is central to building better machines. Researchers led by Z.-H. Sung (Fermilab) report, in Physical Review Materials, the discovery that niobium hydride precipitates commonly form inside the niobium thin films used to make qubits and resonators.
These hydride inclusions — whose size, location and density can vary with fabrication and processing — represent a previously unaccounted-for channel of energy loss, degrading the coherence of superconducting qubits and other resonators. Identifying the culprit points to concrete materials-engineering fixes (controlling hydrogen uptake and heat treatment) that could improve qubit lifetimes, a quiet but important step toward scalable, fault-tolerant quantum hardware.
Coverage / 報道: Fermilab News | DOE Office of Science
Related keywords: superconducting qubit, 超伝導量子ビット, niobium hydride, ニオブ水素化物, decoherence, デコヒーレンス, quantum computing, 量子コンピュータ, resonator, 共振器, niobium thin film, ニオブ薄膜, materials science, 材料科学, Fermilab, Physical Review Materials, coherence time, コヒーレンス時間, fault tolerance, 誤り耐性
In magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene, the flat electronic bands host strong correlations and non-trivial topology, giving rise to an orbital ferromagnetism in which the magnetic moment comes not from electron spin but from the orbital motion of electrons — and to an associated anomalous Hall effect. Until now these states have been manipulated mainly with electrostatic gating and magnetic fields; optical control had not been demonstrated.
In a study published in Nature Physics on 6 January 2026, researchers demonstrated the optical manipulation of orbital magnetism and of the anomalous Hall response in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene. Because light can be applied locally and on short timescales, the result opens a route to writing and erasing magnetic order — and hence topological transport signatures — in moiré materials without magnetic fields, a capability of interest both for probing the underlying correlated physics and for potential ultrafast, low-power memory concepts.
Coverage / 報道: Nature Physics | Nat. Phys. 22, Issue 1
Related keywords: magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene, マジック角ねじれ二層グラフェン, orbital magnetism, 軌道磁性, anomalous Hall effect, 異常ホール効果, moiré material, モアレ物質, flat band, 平坦バンド, optical control, 光制御, correlated topology, 強相関トポロジー, Kapitulnik, Nature Physics
The Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) is the flagship space telescope recommended by the US decadal survey to succeed Hubble and JWST, with a defining goal that is unusually concrete for an observatory: to directly image at least 25 potentially habitable Earth-sized planets around Sun-like stars and search their atmospheres for biosignatures.
Meeting that goal is a physics problem before it is an engineering one. Imaging an Earth analogue means suppressing the light of its star by a factor of about 10¹⁰ at very small angular separations, which requires coronagraphs, ultra-stable optics and wavefront control far beyond anything currently flown. On 5 January 2026 NASA announced it had awarded study contracts to seven companies to mature the technologies needed — an early step aimed at reducing risk for a mission that could launch in the 2040s. Reporting at the time noted that the agency is seeking to accelerate HWO's development relative to earlier expectations.
Source / 出典: "NASA Selects Tech Proposals to Advance Search-for-Life Mission," NASA news release (5 January 2026)
Coverage / 報道: SpaceNews | NASA Astrophysics
Related keywords: Habitable Worlds Observatory, ハビタブル・ワールズ天文台, HWO, NASA, exoplanet, 系外惑星, biosignature, バイオシグネチャ, coronagraph, コロナグラフ, starlight suppression, 星光抑制, wavefront control, 波面制御, decadal survey, 十年計画, direct imaging, 直接撮像, space telescope, 宇宙望遠鏡
If dark matter is made of very light particles (well below 1 eV), it behaves more like a wave than a particle, and the standard strategy of waiting for it to bump into a nucleus no longer works well. Hajime Fukuda and colleagues at the University of Tokyo and Chuo University propose, in Physical Review Letters, using spatially extended arrays of quantum sensors to detect such light dark matter — and crucially to measure not just its speed but also its direction.
Distributed quantum sensing has become a hot topic across quantum technology; the team imported those techniques into high-energy physics. Because the sensors are spread across space, comparing their signals reveals the velocity vector of an incoming dark-matter wave, offering a more general and directional approach than methods tied to a specific interaction. Directional information is powerful: it could help distinguish a genuine dark-matter signal from terrestrial noise and, eventually, map the dark-matter “wind” as Earth moves through the galactic halo.
Source / 出典: Fukuda, H. et al., Physical Review Letters (2026) — University of Tokyo / Chuo University (arXiv)
Coverage / 報道: Phys.org
Related keywords: light dark matter, 軽い暗黒物質, quantum sensor, 量子センサー, distributed quantum sensing, 分散量子センシング, directional detection, 方向検出, sub-eV, dark matter wind, 暗黒物質の風, University of Tokyo, 東京大学, Chuo University, 中央大学, Physical Review Letters, high-energy physics, 高エネルギー物理学, wave-like dark matter, 波的暗黒物質
Fault-tolerant quantum computing corrects the errors that inevitably arise as quantum computers process information, but doing so imposes overhead: extra physical qubits per logical qubit (space overhead) and extra physical operations per logical operation (time overhead). Existing schemes typically reduce one or the other; tackling both together has been hard. In a paper published online on 26 November 2025 and appearing in the January 2026 issue of Nature Physics (Vol. 22, pp. 27–32), researchers at the University of Tokyo and Nanofiber Quantum Technologies presented a protocol — with mathematical proof — that addresses space and time overhead simultaneously.
The method combines two complementary families of quantum error-correcting codes — quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes, which are efficient in qubit count, with concatenated Steane codes, which support fast logical operations. They prove the protocol achieves fault-tolerant computation with polylogarithmic time overhead and constant space overhead — even accounting for the required classical processing — pointing toward architectures that are both more scalable and faster than earlier designs, and helping close the resource gap between today’s noisy machines and practical fault-tolerant systems.
Coverage / 報道: Nature Physics | Phys.org
Related keywords: fault-tolerant quantum computation, 誤り耐性量子計算, quantum error correction, 量子誤り訂正, QLDPC code, QLDPC符号, quantum low-density parity-check, concatenated Steane code, 連結Steane符号, space overhead, 空間オーバーヘッド, time overhead, 時間オーバーヘッド, logical qubit, 論理量子ビット, University of Tokyo, 東京大学, Nanofiber Quantum Technologies, Nature Physics
Most of the ordinary matter in a present-day galaxy cluster is not in its galaxies but in a diffuse plasma hotter than 10⁷ K — the intracluster medium (ICM). Its hot electrons scatter cosmic microwave background photons and imprint the Sunyaev–Zeldovich (SZ) effect, a spectral distortion that, unlike surface brightness, does not dim with distance. Even so, hot ICM had been securely detected only in a handful of systems at or above z ≈ 2, leaving the timing and mechanism of ICM assembly open.
On 5 January 2026, a team led by Dazhi Zhou and Scott C. Chapman reported in Nature the direct detection of hot intracluster gas via its thermal SZ signature in the protocluster SPT2349−56, at z = 4.3 — about 1.4 billion years after the Big Bang. Using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), they measured a thermal energy of roughly 10⁶¹ erg in the core — about ten times more than gravitational collapse alone should produce, and contrary to current theoretical expectations. SPT2349−56 holds a large molecular gas reservoir and three radio-loud active galactic nuclei within a region only about 100 kpc across, pointing to AGN "preheating" of the intracluster medium as the likely source of the excess energy. The cluster atmosphere, in other words, is not merely present much earlier than expected but is already far hotter than gravity can account for.
Coverage / 報道: Nature | Nature 649, Issue 8099
Related keywords: Sunyaev–Zeldovich effect, スニヤエフ・ゼルドビッチ効果, intracluster medium, 銀河団ガス, SPT2349−56, protocluster, 原始銀河団, ALMA, アルマ望遠鏡, redshift 4.3, AGN preheating, AGN予熱, radio-loud AGN, 電波銀河核, thermal energy, 熱エネルギー, cosmic microwave background, 宇宙マイクロ波背景放射, galaxy cluster formation, 銀河団形成, early universe, 初期宇宙, Nature
Gravitational waves are routinely detected today, but whether gravity is fundamentally quantum — carried by particles called gravitons — remains untested. Ralf Schützhold of the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) proposes, in Physical Review Letters, an experiment that would go beyond detecting gravitational waves to actively manipulating them, by transferring tiny amounts of energy between a beam of light and a passing gravitational wave.
In the scheme, light loses a small amount of energy while the gravitational wave gains exactly the same amount — energy corresponding to one or more gravitons — through stimulated emission and absorption, much as in a laser but for gravity. Using entangled photon pulses could sharpen the instrument's sensitivity enough to probe the quantum state of the gravitational field itself. Success would not directly prove gravitons exist, but it would provide strong supporting evidence; failure of the predicted interference effects would challenge graviton-based theories. The proposal ties directly into the long quest for the graviton that this site has tracked.
Coverage / 報道: ScienceDaily | HZDR
Related keywords: graviton, グラビトン, 重力子, gravitational wave, 重力波, quantum gravity, 量子重力, stimulated emission, 誘導放出, interferometer, 干渉計, entangled photons, もつれ光子, Schutzhold, HZDR, Physical Review Letters, quantum nature of gravity, 重力の量子性, LIGO
On 2 January 2026, researchers from TU Wien and the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) reported in Nature Physics the first demonstration of self-induced superradiant masing — spontaneous, long-lived bursts of microwave emission produced with no external driving. Superradiance, in which many emitters radiate cooperatively, had usually been seen as a fast energy-loss mechanism that hampers quantum technologies.
The team coupled a dense ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centres in diamond — atomic defects whose electron spins act as tiny magnets — to a microwave cavity. After the expected initial superradiant burst, a surprising train of narrow, long-lived microwave pulses appeared. Large-scale simulations traced this to self-induced dipole–dipole interactions among the spins that dynamically repopulate energy levels, sustaining coherent emission. The very disorder that normally destroys quantum coherence here organizes the system into an extremely stable microwave source — a potential new building block for precision clocks, sensing, and communication.
Coverage / 報道: OIST | phys.org
Related keywords: superradiance, 超放射, masing, メーザー, NV center, 窒素空孔中心, diamond, ダイヤモンド, microwave cavity, マイクロ波共振器, dipole-dipole interaction, 双極子相互作用, spin ensemble, スピン集団, quantum sensing, 量子センシング, OIST, TU Wien, coherent emission, コヒーレント放射
On 2 January 2026, Hendrik Hegels, Thomas Stolz, Gerhard Rempe and Stephan Dürr (Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching) proposed in Physical Review A a scheme to generate optical Schrödinger-cat states — superpositions of two "classical" coherent light fields — using cavity Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT).
The main obstacle to large optical cats is photon loss, which usually destroys the superposition. The authors show that by tuning the losses of the two components to have identical amplitude, decoherence can be strongly suppressed despite significant photon loss during generation — so that cat states with mean photon numbers around 30 appear feasible with existing technology. Such states are a testbed for quantum physics on mesoscopic scales and a resource for quantum information.
Source / 出典: H. Hegels, T. Stolz, G. Rempe, S. Dürr, "Optimizing decoherence in the generation of optical Schrödinger cat states," Phys. Rev. A 113, 013708 (2026). DOI: 10.1103/nwry-xjsb
Coverage / 報道: Phys. Rev. A | arXiv
Related keywords: Schrödinger cat state, シュレーディンガー猫状態, optical cat state, 光の猫状態, cavity Rydberg EIT, 空洞リュードベリEIT, electromagnetically induced transparency, 電磁誘起透明化, coherent state superposition, コヒーレント状態の重ね合わせ, photon loss, 光子損失, decoherence, デコヒーレンス, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, MPQ, Rempe, Physical Review A
On 2 January 2026, Luísa Toledo Tude, Emily Haughton and Paul R. Eastham (Trinity College Dublin) published in Physical Review A a theoretical study showing that Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) of photons can form in dye-filled optical microcavities not only under laser/dye pumping, but also by coupling the cavity modes to an incoherent thermal reservoir such as sunlight.
They find that the threshold "pump temperature" above which condensation appears is set by the second law of thermodynamics, with the minimum threshold corresponding to a reversible three-level heat engine. The result ties photon condensation to the thermodynamics of heat engines and points toward coherent light generation, energy harvesting and quantum-heat-engine experiments driven by ordinary thermal light.
Source / 出典: L. Toledo Tude, E. Haughton, P. R. Eastham, "Photon condensation from thermal sources and the limits of heat engines," Phys. Rev. A 113, L010201 (2026). DOI: 10.1103/6lyv-trfj
Coverage / 報道: Phys. Rev. A | arXiv
Related keywords: photon Bose-Einstein condensate, 光子BEC, 光のBEC, dye microcavity, 色素マイクロ共振器, sunlight, 太陽光, thermal light, 熱光源, heat engine, 熱機関, second law of thermodynamics, 熱力学第二法則, three-level maser, coherent light, Trinity College Dublin, Physical Review A
Tiny defects in a semiconductor can act as "traps" that capture charge carriers, quietly degrading the efficiency of solar cells, LEDs and transistors. Detecting these trap states — especially at low densities — has been difficult with existing techniques. In Science Advances (dated 1 January 2026), researchers at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) and collaborators reported a photo-Hall-effect-based method that detects electronic trap states with roughly a thousand times greater sensitivity than conventional approaches.
The technique builds on the Hall effect — the sideways deflection of moving charges in a magnetic field — but resolves the contributions of electrons and holes separately under illumination (a "carrier-resolved photo-Hall" measurement). This lets the researchers extract detailed information about trap densities and carrier behavior that is otherwise hidden. Because trap states are a key limiter of performance in photovoltaics and other optoelectronic devices, a far more sensitive, contact-friendly diagnostic could accelerate the design of higher-efficiency solar cells and related technologies.
Coverage / 報道: Interesting Engineering | Science Advances
Related keywords: photo-Hall effect, フォトホール効果, Hall effect, ホール効果, trap states, トラップ準位, semiconductor, 半導体, carrier-resolved, キャリア分解, solar cell, 太陽電池, photovoltaics, 太陽光発電, defect, 欠陥, optoelectronics, 光電子工学, KAIST, Science Advances
Tokamak plasmas have long been bound by an empirical ceiling on density — the Greenwald limit — beyond which the plasma tends to disrupt. On 1 January 2026, researchers at the Institute of Plasma Physics (ASIPP, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and Aix-Marseille University reported in Science Advances that the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) reached a long-predicted "density-free regime," remaining stable at densities far above the traditional limit.
The key was controlling plasma–wall interactions during start-up: using electron-cyclotron-resonance-heating (ECRH)-assisted ohmic start-up, the team reduced impurity accumulation and energy losses, suppressing the instabilities that normally trigger high-density disruptions. The work, co-led by Ping Zhu (HUST) and Ning Yan (ASIPP), points to a practical, scalable pathway for operating tokamaks at higher density — important because fusion power output rises steeply with density, making it directly relevant to next-generation burning-plasma devices on the road to ignition.
Coverage / 報道: Science Advances | Phys.org | ScienceDaily
Related keywords: EAST, tokamak, トカマク, density-free regime, 密度フリー領域, Greenwald limit, グリーンワルド限界, nuclear fusion, 核融合, plasma-wall interaction, プラズマ壁相互作用, ECRH, 電子サイクロトロン共鳴加熱, disruption, ディスラプション, burning plasma, 燃焼プラズマ, ASIPP, 中国科学院, Science Advances
In the Nature issue dated 1 January 2026 (Vol. 649; first posted online in November 2025), a Harvard-led collaboration with MIT, QuEra Computing, and NIST/University of Maryland presented a complete blueprint for a universal, fault-tolerant quantum processor built from reconfigurable arrays of up to 448 neutral atoms. Using surface codes, the team showed that repeated quantum error correction suppresses errors below threshold — an improvement factor of 2.14 per increase in code distance — by combining atom-loss detection with machine-learning decoding.
Crucially, they went beyond error-corrected memory: they entangled logical qubits using transversal gates and lattice surgery, and achieved universal logic via transversal teleportation with three-dimensional [[15,1,3]] codes, together with logical-state generation and physical-qubit reset. These ingredients establish practical foundations for scalable, universal error-corrected processing in neutral-atom systems. (The paper appeared in print in the 1 January 2026 issue of Nature, Vol. 649, after being posted online in November 2025.)
Coverage / 報道: IEEE Spectrum | Nature
Related keywords: neutral atom, 中性原子, fault-tolerant, 誤り耐性, quantum error correction, 量子誤り訂正, surface code, 表面符号, logical qubit, 論理量子ビット, lattice surgery, 格子手術, transversal gate, 横断ゲート, QuEra, Harvard, Lukin, below threshold, しきい値以下, [[15,1,3]] code
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